4 Velocity of ultrasonics in liquids 4.

1 Determination by forming the Acoustic Grating The velocity of Ultrasonics in a liquid can be determined by using the method of diraction of light by the Aqua-Grating. The given liquid in lled into a small glass chamber.A quartz crystal is mounted in between two metal plates and is immersed in the given liquid. These plates are connected to an oscillator which can generate audio frequencies. The frequency is so adjusted that the crystal vibrates in resonance with the oscillator.The vibration of crystal produces ultra- sonics in the medium which undergo reection from the walls of the container as shown in the Fig.3. Figure 3: Acoustic Grating Due to superposition of forward and reected waves, longitudinal stationary waves are formed. The density is maximum at nodes and minimum at antinodes. The arrangement is called acoustic grating. The acoustic grating is mounted on the prism table of a spectrometer. A parallel beam of sodium light (S) is allowed to incident normally on acoustic grating and the diracted light is viewed through the telescope and diraction pattern consisting of many principal maxima is observed. The position of principal maxima is given by dsin n= n Where = wavelength of sodium light,d = Grating Constant,n = angle of diraction for nth order, n = order of spectrum. Itu be the wavelength of ultrasonic through the medium, thend =u 2 Thusu 2sinn =n u=2n sinn If the resonant frequency of piezoelectric crystal is, the velocity of ultrasonic wave is given by v= u or v=2n / sinn