Design Problem

Design of

Column under Biaxial Bending and Axial Force

Lateral-torsional buckling of a column considering Bi-axial bending Compression

500 kN 50 kN
ISHB 400 @77.4 kg/m

500 kN

545 kN 116 kNm

ISMB 600@122.6 kg/m

5.0 kN/m

4.6 m

13.2 kNm

6.0 m

Mz

My

Durgesh C. Rai Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur

1 2

Data and Initial Analysis

Material Properties and Loads
fy := 250MPa P := 545kN Lc := 4.6m E := 2 10 MPa Mz := 116kN m Lb := 6.0m 5
m0 :=

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

First trial section

1.1
My := 13.2kN m

ISHB 400 @ 77.4 kg/m Material Properties

a := 98.66cm 2 3 4 h := 400mm Zpz := 1556.33cm Iyy := 2728.3cm ryy := 52.6mm 4 3 bf := 250mm tw := 9.1mm tf := 12.7mm hf := h tf = 387.3 mm

Required Section
Convert Moment to Axial Load
Assume d := 400 mm P eq := P + 2
Area Reqd A reqd :=

Zez := 1404.2cm

Izz := 28083.5cm rzz := 168.7mm

3

b := 250 mm Mz d + 7.5 My b = 1.521 10 kN 2

P eq

0.5 fy

= 121.68 cm

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Section classification
Axial load (P = 620 kN) in presence of moments, neutral axis will not be at mid-depth. Ratios r1 and r2 are calculated as follows:

Plastic section modulus about y-y direction

Zpy := 2 h 2 tf

tw tw b 3 b + 2 2 t f = 404.63 cm

2 4

r1 =

P dtw 545kN (400mm)(9.1mm) = = 0.60 250 MPa f yw

Design bending strength

Low shear condition
Mpy := Zpy fy
m0

r2 =

P Ag f yw
d/tw

545kN 98.66cm = 0.22 250 MPa

Plastic Compact Semi-compact

= 91.961 kN m

Section 8.2

P = 0 kN P = 545 kN

84 52.5

105 55.3

126 87.5

Mdy := Mpy = 91.961 kN m

No LTB

Mpz := Zpz

fy m0

= 353.711 kN m

Section d/tw = 44.0

5

Plastic Section

42 will be too 42 will be too conservative conservative

Assume effective length factor for LTB as 1 LLT = Lc = 4.6 m c1 = 1.879 [Triangular BMD about z-z, K = 1.0, Table 42]

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

First Trial
Checking Section Strength
Nd := a fy
m0

Elastic Lateral Buckling Moment

2 E Iyy hf 1 1 + Mcr := c1 2 20 2 LLT
LLT ryy hf tf

( )

0.5

3 = 1.1 10 kN m

Cl. 8.2.2.1 Cl. 8.2.2.1

3 Nd = 2.242 10 kN

Cl. 9.3.1 Cl. 9.3.1

n = 0.243

n :=

P Nd
d

Design moment about z-z axis

LT :=

Mndy := 1.56 Mdy ( 1 n) ( n + 0.6)

Mndy = 91.548 kN m

(for n > 0.2)

Mcr

Zpz fy

= 0.595

LT :=

0.21

Mndz := 1.11Mdz ( 1 n) = 265.091 kN m

1c := 2 :=

LT :=

2 0.51 + LT LT 0.2 + LT = 0.718

5 n

1 :=

max 1.0 , 1c = 1.215

Table 17 Table 17

LT :=

1
LT + LT LT

= 0.892

Mdz := LT Mpz = 315.507 kN m

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

For plastic/compact section

My Mndy
1

Using appropriate criteria for section strength

< 1, Hence, OK

Mz Mndz

= 0.287

Mnpy := 1.56 Mpy ( 1 n) ( n + 0.6)

Mnpy = 91.548 kN m

(for n > 0.2)

Try conservative relation

P Nd + My Mdy + Mz Mdz = 0.754
< 1, Hence, OK

Mnpz := 1.11Mpz ( 1 n) = 297.191 kN m

Criteria for section strength (Cl. 9.3.1) appears to be too conservative

However, the above is NOT correct, because it accounts for the yielding of the cross-section where the moment is maximum along the member, usually at the ends and, therefore, it should NOT include the effect of reduction in strength due to member instabilities, such as LTB. Reduction in section capacities due to presence of shear and axial force must be included.

My Mnpy
P Nd +

Mz Mnpz
Mz Mpz

= 0.247

< 1, Hence, OK

My Mpy

= 0.715

< 1, Hence, OK

10

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Design Axial Strength about z-z axis

Buckling class a
z :=

Design axial strength

z :=

1
z +

0.21

(Table 7; IS 800-2007)

2 2 z z
fy

0.5

= 0.686

3 P dz := fcdz a = 1.538 10 kN nz := P P dz = 0.354

Effective length factor for sway in plane of frame

KLz = 3.16 Woods curve for T=0.72 and B=1.0
2

[Annex. D]

fcdz := z = 155.841 MPa m0

z :=

KLz Lc fy rzz = 0.971

E

fcc :=

2 E KLz Lc rzz
2

Interaction factor
[7.1.2]
Kzl := 1 + z 0.2 nz = 1.273 Kzm := 1 + 0.8 nz = 1.284 Kz := min Kzl , Kzm = 1.273

Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2

z :=

0.51 + z z 0.2 + z = 1.053

8 fcc = 2.651 10 Pa

11

12

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Design axial strength about y-y axis

Buckling class a
y :=

Design axial strength

y :=

1
2 2 y + y y fy
m0

0.34

(Table 7; IS800-2007)

0.5

= 0.607

3 Pdy := fcdy a = 1.361 10 kN ny := P P dy = 0.4

Effective length factor for non-sway in the direction perpendicular to the frame (y-y axis for column)
KLy := 1.0

fcdy := y

= 137.975 MPa

Interaction factors
Cl. 7.1.2 Cl. 7.1.2
Ky1 := 1 + y 0.2 ny = 1.314 Kym := 1 + 0.8 ny = 1.32

fy
y :=

KLy Lc ryy = 0.984

E

Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2

13

y :=

0.5 1 + y y 0.2 + y = 1.118

Ky := min Ky1 , Kym = 1.314

14

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Bending about z-z axis

Cmz := 0.9
[Sway mode in plane of the frame]

Bending about y-y axis

Flexure
Table 18 Table 18
h :=

Lateral torsional buckling

LT =

[No Sway, Parabolic BMD with a h = 0]

Table 18 Table 18

0.595 0
Traingular BMD [Table 18]

Cmy := 0.95 0.05 h

Cmy = 0.95

mLT :=

CmLT := 0.6 + 0.4 mLT = 0.6

Checking overall member strength

Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2

Interaction factors
KLT1 := 1

BS 5950 BS 5950
3 P d := min P dy , P dz = 1.361 10 kN My Mz P P + 1.5 M + M = 0.944 py pz d

0.1 ny
CmLT 0.25

= 0.886

KLTm := 1

0.1 LT ny
CmLT 0.25

= 0.932

Mz P Cmy My = 0.922 + K P + Ky M LT Mdz dy dy Cmy My C M P + K mz z = 0.883 P + 0.6Ky M z Mdz dy dz

KLT := max KLT1 , KLTm = 0.932

15

16

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

First Order Analysis (Gravity + Lateral Load)

500 kN 50 kN 5 kN/m 4.6 m 13.2 kNm 500 kN 545 kN 116 kNm

Second order analysis Axial strength about z-z

Effective length factor for sway in plane of frame
K Lz := 1.0

z = 0.307 z = 0.558
3 P dz := fcdz a = 1.538 10 kN

6.0 m

Mz

My

Design axial strength

z = 0.976
fcdz := z fy
m0

Second Order Analysis (Gravity + Lateral + Notional Load)

500 kN 50 kN + 5.0 kN 5 kN/m 4.6 m 500 kN 549 kN 128 kNm

= 221.792 MPa

nz :=

Pm Pdz

Amplified Force
= 0.251

13.2 kNm

Interaction factor

Kzl := 1 + z 0.2 nz = 1.027 Kzm := 1 + 0.8 nz = 1.201

Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2

17

6.0 m

Mz

My

18

Kz := min Kzl , Kzm = 1.027

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Design axial strength about y-y

Effective length factor
K Ly := 1.0

Bending about z-z axis

Cmz := 0.9
[Sway mode in plane of the frame]

y = 0.984 y = 1.118
3 P dy := fcdy a = 1.361 10 kN

Lateral torsional buckling

LT =

Design Axial Strength

z = 0.607
fcdy := y fy
m0

0.595 0
Traingular BMD [Table 18]

mLT :=

Table 18 Table 18

CmLT := 0.6 + 0.4 mLT = 0.6

= 137.975 MPa

ny :=

Pm Pdy

= 0.403

Interaction factors
KLT1 := 1

Interaction factor

Ky1 := 1 + y 0.2 ny = 1.316 Kym := 1 + 0.8 ny = 1.323

0.1 ny
CmLT 0.25

= 0.885

KLTm := 1

0.1 LT ny
CmLT 0.25

= 0.931

Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2

20

KLT := max KLT1 , KLTm = 0.931

19

Ky := min Ky1 , Kym = 1.316

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Example: Biaxial bending and LTB of column column

Checking overall member strength

M Pm Cmy Mym + K + K zm = 0.961 Pdy y Mdy LT Mdz C M C M Pm + 0.6K my ym + K mz zm = 0.734 y Pdz z Mdz Mdy
< 1.0 (Hence, OK)

Comparison 1st and 2nd order

IS 800: 2007 (Cl. 9.3.2.2) IS 800: 2007 (Cl. 9.3.2.2) Cl. 9.3.2.2 Cl. 9.3.2.2
Mz P Cmy My = 0.922 + K P + Ky M LT Mdz dy dy Cmy My C M P + K mz z = 0.883 P + 0.6Ky M z Mdz dz dy

< 1.0 (Hence OK)

Not correct as amplified moments should not be used because interaction (amplification?) factors do include amplification effects

BS 5950
M Pm M + 1.5 ym + zm = 0.98 Pd Mpy Mpz

Conventional Interaction relation

Pm Cmy Mym Mzm + + = 0.902 Pdy Mpy Mpz
22

Conventional Interaction relation Conventional Interaction relation order analysis with notional horizontal load Effective length factor assumed, K = 1.0 2nd
Pm Cmy Mym Mzm + + = 0.902 Pdy Mpy Mpz

21

236kNm 236kNm

210kNm

47kN 328kNm 328kNm 916kN 1064kN

293kNm

65kN

397kN

603kN

Bending Moment Diagram

74kN

Axial Force Diagram

Bending Moment Diagram

104kN

Axial Force Diagram

52kN

47kN

BothH&PIncreases Proportionally (SNAP2DX)

73kN

65kN

OnlyHIncreasesand Premainsconstant (SNAP2DX)

Shear Force Diagram

Shear Force Diagram

SAP2000
114 kNm 114 kNm 116 kNm

BothH&PIncreases Proportionally(SNAP2DX)

OnlyHIncreases (SNAP2DX)
2500

Failure Envelope (P-M Interaction)

IS800-2007:- M ndz =1.11*(M dz )(1-N/N d ) where M dz =354kNm & N d =2242kN

2000

Bending Moment Diagram

25 kN

Axial Force (kN)

1500

First Hinge at node 3 in right column at H =97.5kN & P =975kN Second Hinge at node 2 in left column at H =99kN & P =990kN

1000

(212,1032) (236,916)

469 kN

545 kN

Axial Force Diagram

42 kN

When both H and P are increased

500

(293,603) (116,545) (328,397)

When only H is increased

0 0
25 kN 25 kN

50

100

150

200 Moment (kNm)

250

300

350

400

Shear Force Diagram

Load-Deformation Behaviour

14.0

Deflection Method, cr = 12.64

12.0

SAP2000, cr = 10.5
10.0

(H/50)

8.0

6.0

IS800-2007 Cl.4.2.6.2, cr = 5.2

4.0

Only H Increases, p = 2.7

2.0

Both H & P Increases, p = 1.95

0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Displacement (mm)

28