MALBOG, NOELLE KATRINA B.

June 18, 2011

Student No. 11187670 MALL-LIT

Philippine Literature in Kapampangan and Pangasinense An Annotated Bibliography KAPAMPANGAN LITERATURE Larkin, John A. The Pampangans: Colonial Society in a Philippine Province. 1993 Philippine Edition. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. 1972. Larkin has presented here on his book the social and economic history of the Central Luzon agricultural region of Pampanga, and its historical background. With the help of Larkin, readers can easily trace Pamapangas geographic effects to Kapampangan, as well as how they live their lives during that era. This book is quite essential for a critique in Kapampangan literary arena. Manlapaz-Zapanta, Edna. Kapampangan Literature: A Historical Survey and Anthology. Quezon City: Ateneo University Press. 1981. Manlapaz book aims to create an outline of Kapampangan literary history. Taking Only 130 books about pampangas history and its existing literature with H. Otley Beyer and Dean S. Fansler studies on kapampangan ethnocity this book was made possible. This book focuses more on the genre rather than the historical aspects of each literary work and also on their liguistic styles as making used of Bro. Andrew Gonzales study. Out from the existing resources of her time, Manalapaz made her way to recover works of Kapampangan writers. Such, brilliance and perseverance has created a good collection for the Kapampangan literature. This book is good reference of past, her occuring issues on the book are still the dominant issues of the studies of today with regards to Kapampangan orthography. Castro, Rosalina Icban. Literature of the Pampangos. Manila : University of the East Press, c.1981. Castro has divided her book into two categories the first part is historically based and the other part are the four genres of literary pieces were Kapampangan writers are inclined which are the Kumidya, Zarsuela, Play and Novel. Castro on this research on Kapampangan Literature has collected, translated and explained Kapampangan works in a broad historical and literary perspective.

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The research done of Mrs. Castro is so extensive that she did not only rely on the published works in libraries, but has even gone to the writer and their relatives to bring out their unpublished manuscripts. She also features the Crissot a group of writers who wrote for the stage, magazine to denounce oppression and obscurantism. Lacson, Evangelina Hilario. Kapampangan Writing : A Selected Compendium and Critique. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1984. Lacsons book dealt with works that shows Kapampangan nature and Orthogprahy, which are also the subject of her critique in this book. Thus, the selection made is for easy understanding and she included brief description of each genre. The book is categorize to the period of each genre. I can see this book as quite complete list of vernacular Kapampangan Literature upto 1982. Soriano, Rafaelita Hilario.The Pampangos.Quezon City : R. H. Soriano, 1999. Research on the different personalities from Pampanga as well as its history. Many Kapampangans are endowed with skills that made many of their ancestors are considered that elite class of our country during the colonialization years. Cabusao, Romeo C. San Fernando, Pampanga : ing balen kung tinubuan : our heritage, our legacy. Pampanga : R.C. Cabusao, c2000. A research on the history and towns could help the people visualize and retell it to the future generations. The pictures reflects images of past and its antiquity. This helps solidify our desire to preserve our legacy. KAPAMPANGAN LITERARY PIECES Tolosa, Tec Sanchez. Ing bie kung delanan, Ing bie kung balikan = The life I lived, the life I'll return to : a collection of contemporary Kapampangan. Pampanga : Crescere et Fluere Pub., 2006. A Kapampangan collection of Poems, it is of variety of genres. The topics discussed in the poems were almost the recent changes and developments of that time. Aguas, Juan S. Juan Crisostomo Soto and Pampangan drama Quezon City : University of the Philippines.1963

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Feautures the most popular drama writer in Kapampangan in 19th century, Juan Cristosostomo Cruz. It includes translated drama entitled Alang Dios which he wrote in 1901. Makuyad a kasalesayan king kanakung biye. Holy Angel University. 2004 It is an autobiography of a famous 19th century poet, Jose M. Gallardo. They call it magic poems that touches the emotions of its readers. Mallari, Joel Pabustan. Kawatasan : obrang poeta laureado talapanulip amanu. Pampanga : Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University. 2010 A collection of Kapampangan written poems by Joel Mallari, it is also of mixed genre but are mostly focused on promoting Kapampangan Language and some historical poems about the province. Fernandez, Querubin D. Bakas Panas : katipunan ding maygit 100 a piling poesiyang .Angeles City : Salas Paper Press, 1997. A collection of selected kapampangan poems by different writers. Gallardo Jose.Crissotan Series.Juan D. Nepomuceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, 2003 It is a comiplation of poems written by Jose Gallardo. He wrote over 200 poems, 26 plays and zarzuelas, six novels and dozens of short stories, but his best known work is Crucifijong Pilak, which was staged more than 100 times between 1956 and 1972. Tolentino, Aurelio. Maring (Dangal at lakas): Ulirang buhay Tagalog. Manila: Limbagang Tolentino, 1913. This is about Maring and her buauty that seduced many man. It is not as if its her intention to do so, but she has been a victim of man who like her. It was also about true love, that after all the things that happened to Maring, she in the end married her one-true love after his husband-abductors death. A love story, yet representing our countrys situation. Aurelio as a natiolist and patriot took Maring to represent our country, she as being pursuaded by colonizers. Still, in the end of her struggle she will getting the life and freedom that she needed to marry her true love. Philippines in its struggle will have its freedom it always wanted. Lumbera, Bienvenido and Cythia. Philippine Literature: A History and Anthology.Anvil Publishing.2005

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This is book is divided into 5 historical periods of our country, and different literary works which are popular and symbolical were included in this book. As part of this research, I found Kapampangan work here which is: Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino. This is anticolonialism play Americans were the one who imperialized our country that time.Inangbayan representing our country as she urge freedom against Haringbata. Francisco, Mariel N. and Arriola, Fe Maria. The History Of The Burgis. GCF Books.1987 Francisco and Arriola has introduce ways and how did rich people were able to gain their status. One of the writer is Mariel Nepomuceno Francisco, she is one of the elites in Pampanga, her family own Schools, Supermarkets, and Villas in Pampanga. This book aims to idenity different burgis who has also helped in our countrys history. Dr. Jose Rizal, Corazon Aquino, Ferdinand Marcos, Laurels, Roxas and all other politicians said herein were all burgis.The History of Burgis is their history. This book can be an inspiration to totally aim to be like burgis, but also it shows a picture of truth that money and power coincides, thus, when youre poor then you are nothing. Lourdes H. Vidal, Ma and Crisanta S. Nelmida. Maikling Kapampangan at Pangasinan. AdMU Press, Q.C. 1996 Kuwentong

This book contains short stories written in Kapampangan and Pangasinan chosen by the authors. Each stories are translated into Tagalog. Good Thing about their chosen stories were somehow stories that can trace the literary historical background of the two provinces Pampanga and Pangasinan. Castro, Alex R. Views from the Pampang and other scenes. Pampanga. 2006 Castro in this book has included all his artiles published in Sun.Star Pampanga, about Pampanga, its history, its churches and its people. He also included rare old photogpraphs of Pampanga. This book captured a glimpse of Kapampangan history and heritage. It is not just a bulk of history, but a pride of every Kapampangan to have seen their granduer and eliteness during old years.

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Quiason, Serafin, Bernardita Churchill, and Fe Manghas. Ang Kasaysayan ng Daigdig. C & E Publishing House, Quezon City, 2008 This is text book in World History for Highschool student. One of the writers, Quiason Serafin is a Kapampangan by origin. I was able to have this when I was in highschool, and I think the contents are just sufficient to be added to our worldly knowledge. It introduces culuture and history of the World, their literatures and different architechtural structure. ______________. Luid Ka! Kapampangan Marangal, Inc. 24 February 2008 Luid Ka is made by Center for Kapampangan Studies which caters stories and pictures of Kapampangan crusade for good governance. Having such book shows the achievement of Pampanga, its inovations ast also its highlights of the people-the Kapampngans as part of the nation. Ordoez, Rudy. The Kapampangan Mystique.UST Press.2009 This book is a compilation of different written book, articles, and anecdotes on Pampanga. It tackles about the people, language, history, culture, and politics. This is actually the most updated book about Pampanga which I found in the library. Ordoez has touched almost all the necessary field about Pampanga. A properly researched book for its compilation is very organized. Mallari, Juliet C.Sinukwan race .[S.l. : s.n., 1999?] For some reasons, the traditions of explaining and understanding the ethnocentric qualities of the Kapampangans and their behavioral patterns as a distinct race, including their propensities for certain endeavors, go back to the metaphorical categories of the Sinukwan legends. Suku (an older version of the name Sinukwan) was supposedly the first inhabitant in Pampanga. According to oral accounts, he was a noble, gigantic being whose countenance reflected beautiful traits such as royalty, wisdom, faithfulness, ability and love. He ruled over other creatures that, in a later period, began to populate the region. First were the black Aytas (Pygmies), then the straight-haired brown people. He became a model to all of them, even to the succeeding generations of his daughters who married mortal men. Laksamana, Francisco. Anino ng Kahapon. Manila. 1907 This is a pro-American novel, which at least wanted to depict the difference of the Americans and Spaniards as how they rule our country. This is about Modesto and his love for Elisea, as he kill those who courts her. As a fugitive, he left to live

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in the United States and later come back in the country and convinces Elisea to live with him in the US Laksamana was practically pursuaded by the Americans of his time. I think if he eventually succeeded on his goal here, then, our country and us Filipinos will not gonna have our freedom and identity. GRAPHIC NOVELS BY KAPAMPANGAN Caparas, Carlo J. Ang Panday.Atlas Publication.1979 This is a graphic novel about FlavioPanday or blacksmith and his battles against evil Lizardo. Flavio was able to get a mysterious sword that helped him in his battles. Pedria, Gener. Sanduguan. Blue Shuffle. 2003 One of the concepts of Sanduguan, aside from spotlighting various creatures and characters of Philippine mythology in the new century, is the showcase and exploration of contrast between the old and new Filipino identity, which the creator personifies through the life of two characters, Supremo and Sandata, who are both of Kapampangan descent.

BOOK ABOUT PAMPANGA WITH FOREIGN WRITERS Bilek, Tony and O'Connell, Gene . The Forgotten of Bataan. Contributors. Kent State University Press. Kent, OH. 2003 <http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109690874> A Narrative true to life novel. This book is about the experiences of Bilek, an american soldier and also the writer of the book. Bilek narrated here his experiences when he was captured by Japanese, his story during Bataan March, and all his survival in the hands of Japanese. Indeed it is true to its goal to tell a Tale of Survival, thus, the moral aspects of Bileks life was indeed much more given highlight here. What I wanted Bilek is his way of being positive and optimist during the happening of those events in his life. Flake, Dennis Edward. Loyal Macabebes : how the Americans used the Macabebe scouts in the annexation of the Philippines . Angeles City :CKS .HAU, c2009. A book written to restore the image of macabebe soldiers from Pampanga who were treated as traitors of our country. In this book, the reason of their

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partnership with the Spaniards were justified by their anger with Rajah Maynila who betrayed them also. Macabebe were seen in a lighter way. CRITICISM AND STUDIES ON KAPAMPANGAN LITERATURE Calixto, Eufrosina D. A Criticism of Pampango Literature.1998 Calixto focused his crtique in determining how Kapampangan dialect as a natural part of Kapampangan life, that during the early years it is not for Education or Intellectual purpose, but it is an element the way they trasfer ideas. The early literature are most commonly shown during burial, and courtship, it is done orally. Most of Zoilo Hilario are taken here for study. Mallari, Julieta C. Indigenizing the Zarzuela: Kapampangan Ethnocentric Adoption of the Foreign Genre. Coolabah, Observatori: Centre dEstudis Australians, Australian Studies Centre, Universitat de Barcelona No.5, 2011, ISSN 19885946. Looking back at the history of Kapampangan Literature, the Spanish Domination and Colonizers will never cease. Thus, this study was made to show the adoption made by the Kapampangan to Foreign Genre. The first part of the study introduces a negative image of Kapampangan having literary works which are foreign in statue and the dominance of mimicry are always present. The Kapampangan having been tagged as making and creating products of colonialism and mimicry was given enough explanation and defense through the use of the being studied form of literature which is the zarsuela, in this study they were able to express their usual character in ORAL Tradition into much more advanced Oral Literary mode of Zarsuela. They were not that they were not merely products of colonialism. Kapampangan literature since then has been widely governed by the masters of zarzuela writing. In this we can clearly understand that being well bestowed in the colonizers forms and styles becomes a great benefit for the Kapampanagan Nationalism that somehow, the Spaniards Zarsuela becamse a medium of their revolution. Torres, Maria Luisa F. Isang-iglap na lingong-likod sa panitikang sinasalita ng mga kapampangan. 1954-; s.l.: s. n., 1975. Ms. Torres has made research an account on the way the Kapampangans live and their source of living. She studies the form of Kapampangan literature based on nature and surroundings of the people. A mere geographical tone and reason as she define the deeping mood of a literary piece.

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Pangilinan, Michael Raymon M. Kapampngan or Capampgan: Settling the Dispute on the Kapampngan Romanized Orthography Paper presented at Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. 1720 January 2006. Puerto PrincesaCity,Palawan,Philippines. http://www.sil.org/asia/philippines/ical/papers.html Pangilinan in this paper has studied different works of famous Kapampangan writers whose works were not known in Kapampangan original way of writing. Thus, he pointed out the problems of this orthographic mistakes of Kapampangan. Pangilinan, Michael R.M. Kapampangan lexical borrowing from Tagalog: endangerment rather than enrichment. A paper presented at the 11th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, June 21 - 25, 2009, Aussois, France.2009. < http://www.vjf.cnrs.fr> Pangilinan in this paper has studied different words of Kapampangan, and its slowly being the same on tagalog. In here Pangilinan pointed out different reasons on the slowly dying of Kapampanagn Language. One cited is the failure of Kapampangan parents to transmit ideas using their native toungue. Aguilar, Mila D. Pusong and the Kapampangan Woman. Pulungang Recto, Bulwagang Rizal, U of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 30 Nov 2000 <http://www.diasporaxchange.net> Aguilar has told the role of trickster in Kapampangan five Epics. Thus, it further concluded that 3 out of 4 female trickster in Philippine Epic are from kapmpangans. These shows that supremacy and power of women in the society. This gives me an understanding how women in Pampanga are given importance and value. THE KAPAMPANGAN DICTIONARY Gonzalez, Andrew,. Pampangan : towards a meaning-based description 19402006. Canberra, Australia : Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1981 Bro. Gonzalez shows that Capampangan origin is unexceptional, it may have came from north or south. It has some words that other dialects has also has but only they differ in meaning. This linguistic study aims to trace that roots and origins of the so many dialects existing in our country. Parker, Philip. Pampangan - English Thesaurus Dictionary. ICON Group International, Inc. January 3, 2008.

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One of the updated Dictionary and Thesarus of Kapampangan and English. This is helpful for tourist who wanted to visit the province. Bergao, Diego. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga en Romance. 2nd ed. Manila: Imprenta de Ramirez y Giraudier. 1860. <books.google.com> . This book was made to easily understand the Kapampangan dialect and further helped the missionaries spread Christianity in Pampanga region. Although I can read the full text of this in Ebook, I still couldnt understand it because it is fully written in Spanish Language. Good thing Holy Angel University translated it in English As I elaborate my understanding on the presence of an early Kapampangan-Spanish Dictionary of Bergao just shows that our native Kapampangans already have an existing civilization before the colonialization, that Kapampangans have their own identity, language and education. Benavente, Alvaro de, O.S.A. Arte de lengua Pampanga. Trans. Santos, Edilbelto V., Kapampangan Grammar. Pampanga: Holy Angel University Press, 2007. Ang Arte de lengua Pampanga (1699) was written by Fray Alvaro de Benavente, O.S.A. this is the first book written in Kapampangan. The Grammar of Kapampangan and how they were being spoken are written here. Coronel, Francisco. Fr. Francisco Coronels Arte Y Reglas: Kapampangan Grammar and Rules: Circa 1621. Trans. Santos, Edilbelto V. Angeles City, Philippines: Holy Angel University Press, 2005. It is now also the first kapampangan grammar from that period to be translated into English. He wrote the Arte to make it easier for his fellow Augustinians to communicate with their parishioners, but the Arte (and other similar works) did more than that. It documented the language as the conquistadores had found it; it also recorded rare anthropological notes about the Kapampangans at the time. This book provides a glimpse into those misty, exotic early days in Pampanga.

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PANGASINAN LITERATURE: Annotated Bibliography

Pangasinan poetic tradition has seen rebirth in the verses of Mr. Santiago Villafania. While the anlong (Pangasinan poetry) as oral literature has always been part of Pangasinan folk life, as literary genre, it had its golden years in the vernacular magazine Silew only from 1934 to 1943. Subsequent publications gave more space to short stories and serialized novels. It is observed that Pangasinan literary traditions have been characterized by gaiety and festivity unlike the poverty-ridden plots of Iluko stories and the class struggle themes of Hiligaynon poetry. It is because Pangasinan literature sources its material from the fertile agricultural plains of interior Caboloan that is perennially irrigated by the Agno River. Pangasinan anlong for instance derives it restlessness not from peasant agitations but from romantic musings of farm boys in their adolescence. (dalityapi.com) Villafania, Santiago B. Malagilion: Sonnets tan Villanelles. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino & Emilio Aguinaldo College. Manila, 2007. Villafanias Malagilion has made 300 sonnets and 50 villanelles in his Pangasinan language that shows uniqueness of Pangasinan culture. This Malagilion, as second book of Villafania is creating another shake to almost dying Pangasinan Language, to further promote native literature of this region. The Poetic Revelation in Language and Culture (The Vision of Sonny Villafania). In his book 364-page MALAGILION: Sonnets tan Villanelles, one of his poems Rekindled, which is included among the collections of poems written in Pangasinan, Villafania takes the reader into a sensual journey of bucolic life that reflects his origin and culture. Funded and published by the Philippine governments Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino and Emilio Aguinaldo College, the book, among the very few written in native languages, is an ambitious attempt to bring literature to the masses, albeit a minute victory over the 170 Filipino languages spoken by the 80 million Filipino people inhabiting the 7,107 Philippine islands. Villafania, Santiago B. Balikas na Caboloan. National Commission for the Culture and the Arts. Manila, 2005 Caboloan refers t o the old name of the province.This is a book collection of Panagasinan 'Anlong or Poems. This is an award winning work of Villafania that shows his will to promote his Pangasinense dialect.

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Caboloan is an ancient name of the province referring to the interior where bolo a species of bamboo abounds. Meanwhile, Pangasinan then only referred to the coastal salt-making communities. It was the early Agustinian missionaries who, occupying first the coastal settlements, named the entire region as Pangasinan obscuring the age-old economic and cultural relations between the interior Caboloan and the coastalPanag-asinan. Santiago Villafanias Balikas ed Caboloan certainly has reinvigorated the anlong tradition of Pangasinan that for a long period of time suffered silence from the hands of writers more attuned to English writing. Characteristically anacbanua, Villafanias poetry echoes his predecessors and presages a promising era for young writers in Pangasinan. Villafania, Santiago B. Pinabli tan arum niran Anlong. Dagupan City: Okuli Publishing. A book composed of 92 poems written in Pangasinan. This should be read by all those who love the Pangasinan language, the dedication he had written for this remarkable collection of poems on love, family and country, the culture and environment, and reflections about life in general. Nelmida, Crisanta S. and Andaya, Erlinda . Sarswelang Pangasinan. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1996. Zarsuela is one of the literary field were most Pangasinan writers excel during Spanish period. Some works of our famous Zarsuela writers are cited here in this book, and also they are translated into Tagalog Language. The Selected works are written by Catalino Sison Palisoc Father of Pangasinan Zarsuela and Pablo Mejia. The two Zarsuelist are both anti-Spaniards, their stories antagonist are Spaniards. Vidal, Ma Lourdes H.and Nelmida, Crisanta S. Maikling Kuwentong Kapampangan at Pangasinan. AdMU Press, Q.C. 1996 This book contains short stories written in Kapampangan and Pangasinan chosen by the authors. Each stories are translated into Tagalog. Good Thing about their chosen stories were somehow stories that can trace the historical background of the two provinces Pampanga and Pangasinan.The stories in Pangasinan includes the following: SELENG NA INAWA Nasilaw ng Kaginhawaan of Eufemia Villamil. It is a story about a lady Pangasinense who married a rich man and denies her poor mother. KAONORAN YA BILIN: TONGTONG A TUGTUWAN of Maria. Magsano AGAWA. This is a story a bout a grandmother, her daughter Maria and her

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grandchild, how the grandmother instill Christian ways to her family until she died. Sison, Emmanuel S. Tales from the land of salt : a glimpse into the history and the rich folklore of Pangasinan . Makati City, Philippines : Elmyrs Pub. House, c2005. The Salt people to the covenant agreed that each decade, Royal blood be shed for its power to make the asinpalan lives. Three brothers would kill to be the next king. Other stories entitled are about entitled A Thanksgiving for Victory, Healing the Healer of Panagasinan, The First Bangus Fishpond. Magno, Rosa Maria. Urduja beleaguered and others on Pangasinan language, literature and culture. Manila : Kalikasan Press, 1992, c1991. Magno has studied the origin of Pangasinan language as well as the works of Pangasinense writers such as Pabalano written the story of Urduja and some studies about her. In this book Urdujas existence as a non-epic character is explained. A 266 pages book that contains information about the Land of Salt-Pangasinan, and the story To Win Princess Urdujas Heart. Bryan, Jessica. Psychic Surgery & Faith Healing: In the Lowlands of Pangasinan.Lompico Creek Pr; 1st edition. October 2007. Pangasinan Province on the Philippine Island of Luzon has long been associated with mysterious, metaphysical phenomena and alternative healing, as practiced by the indigenous Filipinos. This book explores psychic surgery, faith healing, and Spiritism from the historical perspective as well as the authors personal experience, it provides an in-depth look at the interplay between the world of physical reality and the spiritual world. Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan (1922) .New Day Publishers, Quezon City. 1990 Contains historical facts of Pangasinan, samethrough with its folkore, and traditions. Urduja is also cited in these book. So far, this is quite book with depth research on Pangasinan as well as its literature. In understanding and knowing the colorful history of Pangasinan, this book is very much recommended Davies, Ben. Pangasinan : a journey into the Philippines. Bahamas: Luna Pub., 1997.

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This book of Ben Davies talks about the historical role of Pangasinan in our country, its participation during the pre-colonial and colonial events of the Philippines. It is 117 Pages written in English. Flores, Marot Nelmida. The cattle caravans of ancient Caboloan, interior plains.1998 Cattle caravans, once a feature of Philippine road scenery, are now disappearing. Originating from the Central Luzon plain, mainly from the province of Pangasinan, whose old name was Caboloan, the farmers leave their farms when the fields are parched during the dry season aboard covered ox carts bearing handmade goods made of rattanan bamboo. While traveling, they brave the uncertainties of the highways and the city streets much like the ocean mariners. After selling their products the farmers would return to their homes with hard-earned money to send their children to school and to prepare for the next planting season at the onset of the rainy season. Through a research grant from the National Historical Institute the author, Ms. Crisanta Nelmida Flores, conveys to us images of the intrepid rural folk of Pangasinan who engage in this annual ritual, which have become rarer with the onslaught of modernity. Vistro, Jesus Victor R. Nandaragupan : the story of a coastal city and Dagupan . Dagupan City Heritage Commission, c2005. A first for each Dagupeo, this gathering truly transcends months of complete dedication, discipline of endurance and immense enthusiasm within the hearts of all artists who have come for the season of harvest symbolizing the very soul of a land and a people across time. Contains about Gods design of perfection for all ages which is the witness. The Feast on artistic images seized by local lens men of passion. The Savor, the vibrant past of natives unfold as a visual treat and many more contents. F. Sionil Jos. Poon. Solidaridad Pub. House . 1984 The first book in the Rosales series, Po-on, focused on the Samson family. The time period was during the Philippine-American war when Filipino revolution and nationalism were presented as a solution for the social and political problems in the Philippines.[3] Forced to flee their village by the local civil guard, a family of Filipino tenant farmers sets out to build a new life in the small town of Rosales, only to confront new hardships and tragedies as their country is torn apart by civil war and revolution. Original. 15,000 first printing. F. Sionil Jos. Tree. Solidaridad Pub. House . 1978

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The second novel,Tree, pursued the life of the unnamed heir of the Asperri clan. The unnamed narrator witnessed the adversity of the Filipino peasants under the encomienda system during the Spanish colonial regime, as well as the resulting uprisings created by the peasants. However, the nameless story-teller was unable to free himself from his own position that carried cultural and economic benefits. This novel is a story of a boy growing up in a small Ilokano town, surrounded by friends below his social class, by relatives and doting servants who have served his family all their lives. It is also a story of oppression and compassion.(less) Like with so many of his stories, you have to wonder what part of Filipino history Jose would change if he could. He writes with such guilt. It's not a confession, though. He's done nothing wrong, other than to be born as one a bit more privileged than the rest. What does this get you? You're not welcome by either the hierarchy or the lower classes. You're stuck in the middle with no one but yourself, and from here there is no escape. F. Sionil Jos. My Brother, My Executioner. Solidaridad Pub. House . 1979 The third novel, My Brother, My Executioner, concentrated on the life of Luis Asperri and his half-brother Victor during the 1950s, a time that was plagued with the Hukbalahap rebellion. Luis Asperri was the illegitimate son of Don Vicente Asperri. Don Asperri took Luis Asperri as an heir due to the absence of a legitimate son by the former. Luis abandoned his peasant roots in order to embrace the status of a landowner. His half-brother Victor warned Luis that if the peasantry did not receive economic justice, the Hukbalahap insurgents would annihilate the elite class. In the end, Luis expected his demise at the hands of the Hukbalahap rebels. Don Vicente, the landlord who dominates Tree without really appearing in it, now appears in this novel as the central figure, the hierarch who returns to his town to die. Luis is his illegitimate son on whom he pins his last hopes for an heir. Victor is Luis' half-brother - the rebel, unflinching but doomed. In 1973, it was banned by the Martial Law regime "for depicting many events" that were reminiscent of the times. F. Sionil Jos. The Pretenders . Solidaridad Pub. House . 1962 Joss The Pretenders portrayed the master-and-servant and lord-and-slave relationship in the industrial world ofManila, Philippines.[2] The timeline is set during the years after the Second World War,[3] during the 1950s (because of a reference to Ramon Magsaysay found at the final pages of the novel).[1] F. Sionil Jos. The Mass. Solidaridad Pub. House. 1973.

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In the fifth and last Rosales Novel, Mass, the timeline jumped forward into the 1970s, to narrate the life of Pepe Samson, the illegitimate son of Antonio Samson and his cousin Emy. Pepe Samson went to live inManila in order to study in college. He became a member of the revolutionary group called The Brotherhood. The novel ended with the scene when Pepe left Manila to adhere to the cause of the mountain guerrillas. F. Sionil Jos. Viajero . Solidaridad Pub. House . March 15 1993. In novel Viajero, which is not a part of the Rosales Saga series, Pepe Samson reappeared, while some other Rosales Novels characters also resurfaced. Viajero is a novel of history of the Philippine Islands and their people long before the Spaniards came. It is also the story of the Filipino diaspora as seen by an orphan who is brought by an American captain to the United States in 1945. Through the eyes of Salvador dela Raza unfolds the epic voyage of the Filipino, from the earliest contact with China through Magellan's tragedy in Mactan, onto the heroic voyage of the galleons across the Pacific. The VIAJERO story concludes with the movement of Filipino workers to the Middle East, and the travail of Filipino women in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tokyo F. Sionil Jos. Ermita: a novel. Solidaridad Pub. House . 1988 This book is about the struggles a beautiful, budding lady has to go through in order to achieve what she so desires... which she apparently is not sure what. It provides a look into the underground of Manila-- one wherein drugs, prostitution, politics and whispered rumors are what lay the foundations (read: rules) of this underlying society. Arceo, Carolina Asuncion, Mga katutubong awiting Pangasinan : cancansion na Pangasinan. Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2002. Arceo did her study on Pangasinan music. Pangasinense are much inclined to oral tradition such of this are shown in their tramitting their ideas using music and rhytm.

PANGASINAN STUDIES AND CRITICS

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Villafania, Santiago B. "Pangasinan Anlong: Oral Tradition into the 21st Century (part 2)" - a paper presented at the Philippine PEN International Conference in Cebu, December 2010 The presence of umaanlong has said to be the Golden age of Pangasinan Literature. Although, it was the Golden Age, the sense would only go to the popularity of vernacular poetry, but such works were not published, for still Oral Literature is the one being practiced. He also cited three major writers from Pangasinan who contributed into the development of its literature. These are Pablo de Guzman Mejia, Pedro U. Sison, and Maria Prado Magsano. An Anthology of Pangasinan literature . Manila : Research Center, De La Salle University, 1986. Pangasinan literature has long been sleeping since the last publishing of Magsano on 1960. These anthology shows the different works and literary developments of Pangasinan. Nelmida, Perla Samson. Pangasinan Oral Literature. Salimbibig, Philippine Vernacular Literature. Joseph A. Galdon (ed.) Quezon City: Council for Living Traditions, 1980. Pangasinan is rich in oral literature. Having their own dialect tends to let them live their lives with it. Pangasinan nourishment in literature are mostly oral especially during Ancient Times. Nelmida has also wrote samples of this Oral trends. Serote, Ernest M. Pangasinan: A Dying Dialect.Printed Balon Silew Oct-Dec 2000 http://pangasinanblog.prepys.com/archives/category/history/ This article and study is about the decaying of Pangasinan dialect and literature. It was cited that the Pangasinense are the reason why their own dialect is dying, for they are not transm t forget heir children. It was also said that most Pangasinense who were going out of their province tends to forget their own native tongue.

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DICTIONARY AND LANGUAGE Garcia, Cenon Diccionario : Inglis, Espaol, Ilocano, Pangasinan. 1956. Lorenzo Fernndez Cosgaya. Diccionario pangasinn-espaol and Vocabulario hispano-pangasinn (Colegio de Santo Toms, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927). Corporacin de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan. University of Hawaii Press. 1972. Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar . University of Hawaii Press. 1971.

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Bibliography Castro-Icban, R., Literature of the Pampangos. Philippines, University of the East Press, 1981. Francisco, J. Some Notes on Folklore and Social Criticism. in Rosal, M. and Santos, A. ed. Philippine Humanities Review, Quezon City, UP Press, 1984. Gallardo, J. Diwa. Angeles City, Mepa Press, 1982. Ong, W. Orality and Literacy. New York, Methuen, Co. Ltd., 1982. Bibliography Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People. (Quezon City: Garotech Publishing, Eighth Edition, 1990). Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1572-1800. (Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1974; New Day Publishers, 1975). Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1801-1900: The Beginnings of Modernization. (Cellar Book Shop, April 1991). Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1901-1986: A Political, Socioeconomic, and Cultural History. (Cellar Book Shop, April 1991). Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. The Filipino Saga: History as Social Change. (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 2000). Craig, Austin. "Lineage Life and Labors of Jose Rizal". (Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1913). Mafiles, Victoria Veloria; Nava, Erlinda Tomelden. The English Translations of Pangasinan Folk Literature. (Dagupan City, Philippines: Five Ed Printing Press, 2004). Quintos, Felipe Quintos. Sipi Awaray Gelew Diad Pilipinas (Revolucion Filipina). (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926). Samson-Nelmida, Perla. Pangasinan Folk Literature, A Doctoral Dissertation. (University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City: May 1982).