Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
!
The Students' Friend
uFd zd t od. rh> unD uFd zd ySm bs; pJ u %l>tvHm &R vDRwbh.
The Students' Friend is a publication of the Karen Student Network Group
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
&0H;'d.fw>fuJ;G
ysJeo;rReXRew>oh.ngw*hR
y0Jud;*R'J;ytd.'D;yw>oh.
ng 'D; y w> oh. ng tHR rh> 0J w> t &h 'd.
u wX> vX y w> td. rl t ylR vDRI w> u
wdR'dtd.0JvX(Knowledge is power)w>
oh.ngrh>0Jw>pdw>urDRwrHRvDRIcDzds
vX w> vlR b. o; t Cd uJ xD. w> u
r.td.0JtgrHRvDRIyrRvdM>w>cDzsdy
rRur.w>tCd'D;w>ur.M.yrh>rR
u 'D; t oD w bsD M. rh> '. y ysJ y o; rR
eXRyw>oh.ngvDRI
w>eD>uD>uJxD.to;vXySR
w0XylRvXyb.vDRrk>vDRz;th.vdm
0. vdm y o; vDRI y o; t w> oh. ng
td.vXyub.td.Cltd.zd;vdmyo;
vDRb.q.yo;qSXySRvXyub.xD
'gvdmyo;'D;,d;u'gbDqly'k.y'gt
td.vDRIy'k.y'grhrh>ySRvXtrR*hRySR
M.wvd.yud;tDRvXy'k.y'gb.t0J
oh.wz.vXyrd>yy>zHzktpdRvHRvHR
rR eXR rR C. wh> ySR 'k; vDR rk> vDR z; ySR
b. q. ySR td. 'H; 0J w eDR vX w wd> t
o; 'D; qJ; vlR b. t o; vDRI t ySR u
t*H>p>vDRwoheDbsD'D;rk>weHRyuwkR
qlyzDwX.vDRIyySRunDzdweDRtd.'H;
0JvXtysJto;rReXRtw>oh.ngt
Cdyb.yX>qX'D;uG>qX.rJ.y'k.y'g
wkR rk> r qg w eHR tHR vDRI y ySR u nD u
vkmtusgw>vDRrk>vDRz;'D;w>xD'k.
xD'gtd.'H;0JtHRyrh>wJM.rh>w>vDRo;
wrkm'D;yo;vDRbSH;vDRI
'fM.tod;ycd.ye>tg*RpH;0J
vXo;p>'D;uFzdd wz.rh>0Jcgqlngcd.e>
wz.vDRIb.q.o;p>'D;uFzdd wz.rh>
t td. u wDR t o; vH {gIIII y u xH.
b. vX ySR o; p> w z. vlR b. t o;
td. 'H; 0J tg r; vDRI t 0J oh. w z. tHR
oh.ngw>*hRw>tXupD'DvDRIweDReDR
pH; 0J vX rR uG> w> cJ vXm 'D; [H; M> w>
*hRvDR b. q. w> *hR M. *hR vDR 'D; w>
tX M. rh> w> tX vDR w vd> vX y u b.
rRuG>tDRb.IvXw>M.tCdzJyo;'D;
y w> oh. ng 'k; vdm o; t qX u wD> M.
vlRb.yo;w*hRysJew>oh.ngrRpXR
eRwuh>I
ySR'lv>>fcd.fzd w*Rv>fv>fub.f
uG>fq>.frJmf w>fq>uwD>f trkmftzSD.f
tD.fuk;tDySJR b.fe;b.fzSD.f w>ftd.frkmf
td.f ck.f'D;w>fud>f w>f*DRvDR$ ySRo;yS>f
(yrSHRyyS>f) v>ys>R pH;ymf0J w>ftck.f u
w>>f rh>fw>frkmfw>fck.f w>ftud>fu w>>f
rh>fw>fud>fw>f*DRvDR$
o;w>f q g
'fe. t
f od; [D.cf .d 'f zD s>.f w>ft.d f
ql.ftd.fcs u&> td;xD.f0Jw>f td.fql.f
td.fcshtcDynD = w>ftd.fql.ftd.fcspH;
w>fe.feD>fcd w>ftd.fql.f td.fcs'D;w>fqg
vDR bswtd.fb.ft*D>fwu; 'H; b.feD>f
cdub.frmk cf .k f o;ub.ft.d f 'D;ySR*h>0f t
D
w>f&hvdmfrkmf vdmfwz.fph>f ub.f td.f0J
'.fe>h v
f RD $
!
vHmtylRw>uGJ;wz.rh>ySR pDRw>frs>fxl OKO tw>fvJR cDzsdweDR
uGJ; w> zd t w> xH.'D; t vD> w td. vX
v>w>fuxk;zSd.f u>RuhR
uFd zd t od. u xH. Ckm 0J w rHR CD 'D; xD
ySRuh>f*DRwv>wySJR wz.f u,D u ,D
bd b.I
! tw>rk>v>uG>pdrh>0J=
='fod;u[h.xD. ?uD.u;tvD>/wcgvX
unDuFdzd'D;o;p>vX[D.u0DRwz.'fod;u
eDR[h.vdmto;tw>xH.'D; tw>vJRcDzsd
='fod;uok;xDxD.w>o;td.M> [D. cd. *h>
0DvXchcgqXuwD>cJtHR vXunDwz.tusg
='fod;updmuzDxD. unDtw>qJ;w> vR<
w>pH.pdRwJpdR
='fod;uymrlym*JRunDudsm
='fod;u[h.ql.xD.?w>pH;uwdRw>obV
cGJ;,m/vXunDtw0XylR
w>vXepH;eJ
?yysJ y w>f x H . f vD R qD v d m f
to;v> w>f C l w >f z d ; t
yl R wuh > f /
ql
zkzt
k ;J 'H;x>.f
tqd wcsK;oHu>G foH'd;
pH;uwdRw>f'D;eRtcg ysJ,pH;,JeR rfw>f
xHw>fwDup>f v>trl0JvDRxlvDR,dmfw
*Ruqd.f*hRb.feR Ckmf'D;unD uFdzd
ySmfbs;pJu&l>f vD>fc>.fo;y> qS>w>furH;
wHmf 0JRusdR0JR'hc.d ef >fcv
J >mf';D 'D yk>0f >J yf RS z;
vHmfzd ud;*R'J;wuh>f$
,tJ.f'd;pH;,Jv>t0JtHRrh>f ,
w>fuGJ;tqduw>>fwbh.fql zkzktJ;'H;
x>.f ttd.fM.fvDR$ b.frEkR v>,b.f
uGJ;vHmfql zkzktJ;'H;x>.fttd.fvJ.fM.f ,
w qdu rd.fymfo;eDwbsDb.f$ b.fq.fy
v>>fb.f ,Jv> w>foHu>G fzdwzs>.f [Jy>>f
xD.f ,Jv> ,w>fqdurd.ftylR o wl>f
uvmfM.fvDR$
yoh.fngb.fv> yuJySR u nD
uvkmftHR ytJ.fyySRu vkmfud;*R'J;vDR
b.fq.f w>f v>t[J wRw>f 'D;,R v>
rk>frqgweHRtHR rh>f0J'.f (cg ql ng p>R
oG.J o
f cD .d ef >f)M.fvRD $ xH.b
f .f,J weH.f b.f
weH.f uFdzdv> 'Ju 0DRylR weDRzsdxD.f0J
wDR 'd.f wkmfuFd pH.fvDR'D;bGJ; 'D;oH.f'D;zD
tg r;tusgweDR cDzsdv>w>f*kmf usJ; p>;
tzDcd.f xD.fb.fv> r;px>.fng$ wcsK;
xD.f uFd ,oh.fngv>w>ft>.fvDR utd.f
ud; *R'J;v> u[JuhRrRp>RuhR tySRu
vkmf ySRw0>w>fu&>u&d v>uD>fylRrh>f*hR
v>'Ju 0DR ylRrh>f*hR eD>feD>fud;*R'J;M.fvDR$
b.f q .f o ;tk ; ,J ' d . f r ;v>
wkRw>fq>uwD>fb.f'D; [JuhRvDR rRp>R
uhRw>fteD.f*H>f td.fxJpSRudmfzd M.fvDR$
w>foHuG>ftd.fxD.f0Jv>(1)
4
f RD $
w>fo,k>f w>frmJ x
f rH mJ ef o
d .h w
f z.fe. v
rfyu[H;vdmfoud;ypk'D; ol.fxD.f o
ud;yxH yuD>fv> w>fo;wzs>.fCDw
uh > f $ 'D y k > f 0 J > f , yS R uvk m f u nD z d o l . f
bD.fo ;p>f ud;eD>f*R'J;oh.fok{>$$$$
w>fxH.fvdmfw>fw>.fyD.fvdmfo;e.f [Jpdmf
e > f y S R w>e>>f y >>f v d m f y o; w>f e >f y >>f
vdmfyo;e.f[Jpdmfe>fySRw>f*H>fw>fbg
w>f*H>fw>fbge.f [Jpdmfe>fySR w>fClw>fzd;
w>f C l w >f z d ; e . f [ J p d m f e > f y S R w>f
rRe>Re . f v D R $ rf y ol . f xD . f o ud ;
yw>femfwrHRCD'D; yuymfvk>f ymfySR
vDRuhRyo; cgqlng xH uD>f cd.f e>f
rh>f'.feR,Re.fvDR$ yo; qH;t vD>f
wtd.fb.f wkRyrRvdw>frh>f0HR yrh>f
td.fv> uD>fylRrh>f*hR uD>fcs>rh>f*hR rf
yuoh . f n gvD R uh R yo;v> yyS R
uvkmfvdmfb.f okcgqlng p>>RoGJ.f oD
cd.f e>f oh.fwz.fv> u[JuhR rRp>RuhR
w>fv>'Ju0DRylR uD>fylR tvD>f td.f
0JoyS>fuw>>fv>yub.f[J uhR rR
p>RuhR yySRuvkmfe.fvDR$
ClCl v>o;wzs>.fCD ql y w>f rR
e>RtzDw>.f
v> (Moo K )
unDod.f'lzd
unDrk.f{> upH;,J,R
erh>fySRv> tCHvR
rk.f{>pH;u'D;wbsD
erh>feJySRv> twD
rk.f{>erh>f ySRvDRqD
rh>fv>etJ.f eunD
w>fzSD.fw>fe; ewysHR
rh>fv> etJ.fecGgtHR
oh.feD.fepH;,RwbsD
0J>fzd{> od.f'lunD
etJ.fxHuD>f'd.fe> f,R
o;tk;r;'D;rJmfxH,RG
v>,o;ylRpH;bsK;eR
utJ.feRwpdR,o;
xHuD>fwe>f'H;tCd
utd.fvDRz;wpd>fzd
v>=pDRwkRv>rl
(wpd>fwvD>f tl;yF.f'Ju0DR)
w>upD .
wUfupDO tJ;'H;xUO
pd;ok;uh1tvD>cHt0Joh.[JuhRymzSd.
xD.o;'D; ,dRuD>pJ. ok;rk>uvHRxH;
M.vDRI
'fM.tod; ,dRuD>pJ.ok;rk>
uvHRpd; tHR ym zSd. xD. ph>uD; to; 'D;
uvkm'l. zD.pku0JR u&XvXtb.
w>'k;td. xD.tDR zJ vgrhR 12oD teHR
vXtrh>(United Nationalities Federal
Council)M.vDRI,dRuD>pJ.ok;rk>uvHR
xH;trHReD>uD>rh>0J'.(State Progress
Party Shan State Army)M.vDRI
t0Joh.cHzktHRuqJ;wX.yD.
oud;b.xGJw>zD. vdmpkrRoud;w>
vXw>xD'goud; uD>y,DRok;y'd.ql
ng 'D;urR pXRvdmo;vX 'k;,R*h>0D
wuyRM.vDRI
tl;yF.w>xkuz.w>&J.w>usRJ zJySRb.uDb.cJrk>eHR
vX=uFzd t
d od.
vg,l 20 oD'f w> ym yeD.tDR
vX [D.cd.'DzsX. ySRb.uDb.cJ rk>eHR
'D;vXtl;yF.'Ju0DRtylRM.'Ju0DRzdw
z.rR0Jw>xkuz.tw>&J.wusJRvX
ySRb.uDb.cJzdwz.t*D>vDRI
cDzsduD>y,DRok;y'd.tw>yX
ql.yXqd;tCdySRb.uDb.cJwz.
b.[J C h > Ek m td . u'k v X'J u 0D R yl R
6
vDRIzJySRb.uDb.cJtrk>eHRtHRtl;yF.
'J u 0DR ySR b. rl b. 'g wz. eDRz;0JySR
vGH>uvkm'D; rRw>xkuz.vX ySRb.
uDb.cJwz.t*D>t*h>M. tl;yF.'Ju
0DRurHwH;?o&.usXRxl/wJ0JvDRI
ySRuD>y,DRzduJxD.ySRb.uD
b.cJcDzsdvXw>*h>vGH> xH.vXtrh>
ok;y'd.cDrR[;*DR ySR*h>0Dw>cGJ;w>,m
'D;yXql.yXqd;w>tCd< xHqXuD>qX
w>'k;w>,RtCd<w>zH;tD.rRtD.vX
uFd zd t od. eD.*H> (34) 2011eH.
ed.zd'u
J 0DRb.td.vXw>plRusg
vX=uFzd t
d od.
uD>uFD.wJ. uD>y,DRuD>qX
unDb.uDb.cJ ed.zd'Ju0DR vXt
td.ol.vDRto;zJ w;uD>&h. tl;z.
uD>q.ylR tHRcDzsdvX w>eDRvDRoh.<
0.<v. wvXwvD.'H;b. 'D;ySR'Ju
0DRzdweDR bSD*hRxD.t[H.wM>tCd
w>plR vDRtuwD>tHR xH.b.w>uD
w>cJ'd.r;t*h>'Ju0DRzdwz.wJ0JvDRI
p;xD.vXw>,DRngtHRb.C;
vXw>eDRoh.0. v.M.,wM> b.eD
wrHR'H; b.[H.cd.'k; 'k b.vJemuh
yw M>w>eDwrHR'H;tcJtHR ySR'Ju0DRzd
w eDR eDRb.td.vX rlcd.plRxHusgMR
ywJoh 'X;t*h> ed.zd'Ju0DRuFdo&.
pDRtJ.xlpH;0JvDRI
ed.zd'Ju0DRw>ol.xD.w>eDR
vDR0.'D;v.'k;[H.cd.wz.M.eH.vX
tylRuGHmb.w>yORM>vX uD>y,DRw
uyRb.q. weH.tHR uD>qXw>'k;
w>,Rql.xD.'D; w>ok;usJR tDRpJRcH0J
zsg0Jtod;M.<uwD>tHRetzok;[l;*JR
'H; vX u nD uD> pJ. uD> &h. w eDR t ylR t
Cdo0Dzdwz.b.Ch>rSH[;zsd;'H;0JtzX
rk>vDRI'D;'fpH.t.'H>ch.zH.ymzsg0Jtod;
M.uwD>tHRunDySRvD>td.urSt
H eD>*H>
u td. tg M> cH u vD> bsJ. Cm Cm vH
vDRI
w>fyJmfxHeDRz;
f w
k nDt*D>f
zS.d x
f .D o
f ;ue>yf RS bd;u>fumHG o
w*hRyb.fuJxD.fqSgv>tyHmfqSD.fv>t
zHqDC>(Cd.vdmuX>eHR)
us>Rv>yySRuvkmt
f w>fymfz.dS rf Roud;w>f
ySR'lv>>fcd.fzd w*Rv>fv>fub.f t*D>fvDR$
yrh > f e ;rh > f z S D . f v > [D . f c d . f trJ m f
uG>fq>.frJmfw>fq>uwD>ftrkmftzSD.ftD.f
uk;tDyRJS b.fe;b.fz.DS w
f >ft.d rf mk t
f .d cf .k 'f ;D tw>f u G > f b .f q .f o ;qH ; w*h R 'f y tl ; w>f
w>fud>fw>f*DRvDR$ySRo;yS>f(yrSHRyyS>f)v> CH R tD R v>w>f v D > f o uk R q;';tod ; yyS R
unD u vk m f unD d r d > f z d tcsH t o.f w z.f
ys>RpH;ymf0w
J >ftck.u
f w>>fr>h w
f >frmk w
f >fc.k f
jyRvDRto; oukRvH [D.fcd.fwbh.f
w>ftud>u
f w>>fr>h w
f >fu>d w
f >f*RD vDR$
tH R tcs>vH yo;qH ; o;[;*D R tvD > f w
y0JunDuvkmftHRycD.frSHb.fw>f td . f b .f $ w>f c d . f o h . f x J w rH R b.f p >u'd . f
t&D;v> [D.fcd.fwbh.ftHR tcs>rh>fw>f Cmf y yS R uvk m f t K wz.f u s>Rrk q S K vD R $
tud>f uw>>fvDR$yrSHRyyS>fv>ys>Rwz.f yySRuvkmw
f >fymfz.dS w
f >.fy.D o
f ud;w>fv>
o;vD w>frkmfw>ftck.f tCdpdRyD>fymfzsg w>fClw>fzd; w>frRe>Rt*D>ftd.fvH (8)
xD.f0Jv> ok;upDR (ok;yvJmf) uGHmft bsDwbsDvH$ w>fv>yb.fu>G fq>rJmftDR
o;xDbd zJv>ySR*kRySR*Rwz.f[JqJ;wd ud>fud>fv>Rv>R v>tvDRysHRvDRzk;vDR
qJ;cGJ;tDR[JCkth.fvdmftDRtcgvDR$b.f CJ;bh.fCJ;uk cJtHRrh>f w>frRoHrR0D rR
q.ftw>fuwdRtd.pf >h u
f ;D 0Jv>oh.cf .d q
f > w&Dwyg yySRuvkmfvDR$ e;{dRbD{dRusdd
v>usu
J ql;b.fw>d t
f gbst
D *H>[
f ;l wkRok; csH0.fo;pku0JRcD.fu0JRv>t'd.ftrk>foD.f
upDRD to;we>v
f >RwuJv>Rwpk*RJ q> vDRo-wK;o-wDR wz.f rRud>frR*DRrR
x>.frRw>fwbsDeoH,oH w'G;0J v>R ysD>frR oDySRv>tgeH.ftgvgtwD>fylRvHy
b.f$ w>RyHmfxD.ftpkrRwkRtpk*H>fqSd.f wvDR r>fwkRtv>Rb.ftrJmfngqHxD.f
xD 0JvDR$
jygxD.foukRw>fvD>fud;ylR'J;q>uwD>fcJ
p;xD.fwqHcHG,RzSd.fwkRcJtHR tHR w>fv>twRw>f'D;ySR rh>f0J w>fwdmf
yySRuvkmfrR0Jv>mf*H>fv>mfbgvHwbsD usJR clol.f v>vDR*mf'D;xGH.frHR w>ful.f
bsDzDtD.f'h.fn.fwbsDbsDqJG.fo'D.fwbsD 'H ; od ; yvD > f u 0D R utH . f v D R tw>f zH ; tD . f
rRtD . f t vD > f u[gr>f yyS R u vk m f u vD R
bszD t
D .D yf 'Jn.ft.d pf >h u
f ;D oemfuu
h >D yf ,DR
bs>uh R ql xH z D v mf [ D . f c d . f z D v mf u ,D u
ok;rD>pf &d Rd y'd.v
f >yuG>q
f >rJmt
f RD wzktRH ,D v D R $
rh>yf RS zDt.D x
f mHG rf RH n.ftCdyb.fyvD>yf o;
xDbd yyvD>fvHtD.fuHGmfy n.fb>.fwDR
csL;wbsD0HRwbsDvDR$yq> uJySRrRe>R
w>fb.fq.fyClyySdRupD'D{g$
yrh>fClr;yuySdRvDR$w>fy>>fq>
Ckqo
H >eH.C
f .fC.ftw>fvRJ cDzd st
d RH yySRu
nDb.fu>G q
f >rJmw
f >fvmH w
f >fvw
D >fueJG > v
f eJG > f
w>frRu'Hu'gtrJmt
f .d w
f pSRbsv
D >Rb.f$
yrSRH yyS>pf ;H u'D;0Jw>fyvD>*f Rh e>w
f >ftrl >k rf
qgweHRtHR 'f;od;yuG>fq>rJmf w>fv>
twRw>f';D ySRuohue>yf q>x>.fu*>>f
uus>R t*D>fyb.fyvD>fy o;'fod;y'k.f
y'g'k;vDRwulmu
f mHG yf w>fCw
l >fz;d okw
e>fwoht*D>fw*hR vDR$ 'f0.f 'Du'd.fymf
8
wz.f}u>;pd.rf mJ pf .D ef g'D;yJmx
f eH RD z;w>fxH
xH q;q;'D; zJwkRw>fvD>fwylR v>fv>f
'k;yvD>yf 'DyxHzu
d >D zf u
d rs>>fwz.fv>w>f
CH;w>fpRh xJv.J b
f .fq.fyvD>o
f ;t'd.u
f
w>>fv>usd.fph v>yurRe>ftDRtHRrRysHR
ySRxJvJ.f rRo;ckySRxJvJ.f 'k;'d.fxD.fySR/
xJv.J rf RvDRr>fycG;J y,mfxv
J .J yf ySRuvkmf
cJv>mfuoh.fngxGJvDRwH>fvDRqJ;'fod;y
xd.C
f x
l .d zf ;d yo;uoh';D yuG>q
f >rJmw
f >f
uDdw>fcJz;'d.fv>twRw>f'D;ySRtHRywR
q>tDRuoh'D; yol.fxD.fuhRyySRuvkmf
tbl.ftwD>f uoht*D>fvDR$w*Rv>t
vD>foe>.f'.f0J usJ;p>R rRuJ'k;e>fy>>ftDR
vDRwH>fvDRqJ; yClyySdRyySdRyySD>f 0.f tg
bdd0.fwJ.fxH ySRtg*R0HRw>frHRvJRoud;
rRoud; usJ;p>; oud;ClClqlyw>frR
e>R t*D>fwuh>f$
td.fql.ftd.f chsb.fe.feD>fcdtw>ftd.fql.f
td.f chsph>fuD;y'Do'>tDRwe>fb.fe. fvDR$
y,DRzdw>fuwdR'dtd.f0J'.f'H;tHRvDR (
pdwfaxmif;rSudk,f a-u) o;rh>f,D>f
ySRe.fyeD>f cdvDRbSH;0J '.f e.fvDR$ w>f u
wdR'd0J tHRypdmfCmf [H CmftDR wkRcJ
tHRe.fvDR$ yo; rh>ftd.fql.ftd.fchse>fySR
w*Re>f td.b
f .f0rJ mk rf mk 'f w
D eHRe.v
f RD $ w>f
& v d m f r k m f v d m f ' D ; yS R t*Rph > f u D ; *h R
0J'.fe.fvDR$ w>ftd.frl tw>f vdmf b.f
ph>fuD;rR0J'.fe.fvDR$ w>fv>y-u>; oh.f
w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchs pH;w>fe.f ngrReD . f r Cgwcgrh > f 0 J y S R w*Rv>
d w>fq;l w>fqg b.f
wrh > f x J eD > f c d t d . f q l . f td . f c h s 'D ; *H > f twJy;F &SyJ ;F teD>cf t
ql.fbgql.f{dRwrh>fb.f$ ySRw*Rv>fv>f
uySRJ 0J';D w>ft.d f ql.t
f .d cf sh t*D>ef > f eD>cf w
d
u;'H;b.fo;ph>fuD;ub.ftd.fql.ftd.fchs
e.fvDR$
f od; [D.cf .d 'f zD s>.f w>ft.d f
'H;e>t
ql.ftd.fchsu&> td;xD.f0Jw>f td.fql.f
td.fchstcDynD= w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchspH;
w>fe>feD>fcdw>ftd.fql.ftd.fchs'D;w>fqgvDR
bhswtd.fb.ft*D>fwu; 'H; b.feD>f
cdub.frk.fck.fo;u b.ftd.f 'D;ySR*h>f0Dt
w>f&hvdmfrkmf vdmfwz.fph>f ud;ub.f
td.f0J'.fe.fvDR$ rhrh>feR ,Ry0J '.f oh.f
wz.f'k yymfvRD qD eD>cf 'd ;D o;woh0b
J .f$
b.frEkRtCd vJ.fe>fw>fu wdR'dtd.f0J
'.f'H;tHRvDR eD>fcdrh>fwql.fw chsb.fe> fu
b.f'dCkmf 0J'.f'D;o; tw>ftd.f ql.ftd.f
chse>fvDR$ 'H;e>ftod;ph>fuD;vDRo;rh>fw
'd.fe>ftvD>ftuvk>foD.fxJod;pku0JR'd.f
usdcsH0.fo.fb.fq.f'k;vDRr>fySRv>[D.fcd.f
cs> ohvDR$w>fuol.fxD.fxHwr>>fySJRwDR
ubSDxD.f*mfo0HyDRusdRySJRwDRrR[;*DRrR
vDRr>f yySRuvkmf w>ftd.fw>fqd; w>f
vD>fw>fusJqH;tgyySRuvkmftw>fcJ;G w>f
,mfw>fobsuvDRr>fwkRtywD>fxJvJ.f
eh.yf RS v>txH.pf u
d >G zf sgrh>yf RS rRw>fzv
d >t
[l;*JRv>q>uwD>cf t
J RH wz.fvRD $vDRqD
'.fw>fyySRol.b
f .D o
f ;p>fv>rk>rf qgweHRtHR
w>td.ql.td.chsoeX.f
v>=Jar Bo
?o;w>fqgg//
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
10
b.fC;w>fq>uwD>f w>ftd.fo; w cg
tzDc.d f rh>*f Rh u[h.q
f >uhR0Jv>tp>fr>h *f Rh
tql.ftudRrh>f*hRoh0J'.f M.vDR$ b.fC;
w>fccH gM.ph>u
f ;D ujy>vdmf 0J'.fto;xD
bddM.vDR$ t0Jo.h w
f z.f M.w'H;od;vdmf
to;'D;ySRt*R oh.fwz.fM.b.f t 0J
oh.f rh>x
f .H b
f .fw>fuw
D >fcw
J cgcg'.f vJ.f
t0Jo.h f wtd.b
f .f';D w>fysRH w>fz;k w>fb.f
ud>fb.f *DRb.fM.vDR$ t0Joh.f tw>f
wl > f b.f tw>f q d u rd . f q d u r;
w ' H ; o d ; v d m f o ; b . f w z . f M.
w>f'k;eJ.fySRo;w>fqg tw>fyeD.fM.vDR$
b.fC;o;w>fqg uJxD.fo;t*h>fM.
td.f0J'.ftguvkmftgcg 'D;obH.fobk.f
'd.fr;M.vDR$ w>f*h>ft0JM.td.f 0J 'D; w>f
*h>cf .D x
f ;H 'D;tw>fq.D f oeHRw ywD>f b.f
wywD>f M.vDR$ o;w>fqguJ xD.fo;
t*h>f cD.fxH;wz.fM.ySRunD w*Rv>f
v>f 'd;M>b.f0Jo; w>fqgnD0J'.fM.vDR$
o;w>fqgt*h>fM.yrh>feDRz; q>utd.f0J
'.f o>uvkmfM.vDR$
(1) rd>fy>fw>f[JvDRp>RvDRoGJ.f'D; w>f
b.fulb.f*mf(Schyzophrena jyif;xef
pGmpdwf-uGpdwfusa&m*g)
(2) cd.Ef mk x
f .l yf s>b
f .f't
d Cd uJx.D o
f ;(
wcsK;td.zf s.J rf w
h rh>f td.zf s.J 0f RH cd.Ef mk b
f .f')d
(3) zdo.fcgo;b.f'dnD 0J'.fb.f C;
'd.fxD.f b.fv>[H.fzdCDzdw*>>fwus>R
10
w>f*h>fv>t[h.f*H>f[h.fbgo;w>fqgu
uJ xD.f t *D>f (1) xH.frh>f0J w>fo; b.f
ud>f b.f*DRoh.fwz.fe>fypH;tDRoh 0J'.f
f RD $ ySRw*Rv>td.rf v
l > [D.cf .d f cs>M.
e.v
wwl>b
f .fo; tw>fu>d w
f >f*RD b.fM.w
td.f0J'.feDw*Rb.fM.vDR$ yuJxD.fySR
unDM. yb.f o*>>f0'J .f';D w>f*>h f oh.w
f
z.fM.vDR$ w>fo;b.fud>f b.f*DRoh.fw
z.f'H; od;okwuJxD.ft o;'d.f'd.frk>f
rk>fw*hR t*D>fyub.fy>RC.ftDRt*D>f
w>f * H > f w >f b gwtd . f 0 J ' .f ' D ; yS R ud ;
*R'J;b.fM. vDR$ w>fuJxD.f'.f o;oh.f
wz.f M. 'k;uJxD.f0J'.fw>fo; vDRbSH;
vDRwDR oh.fwz.fM.vDR$ w>fo;vDR
bSH;vDRwDRv> tuykmfM.vdmfb.f0J'.f
w>f[h.f*H>f[h.f bgM.vDR$ yub.fe>fy>>f
w>ftd.fo;'D; yub.f'd ue.fySRqg
wJw>f'D; yub.fw>>fyD.foud;M.vDR$
w>fo;vDRbSH;vDRwDRtvD>fcHo;*h>fyDng
w>f&hvdmfrkmfvdmf *h>f0Dw>fb.f*Hmf*lmfoh.f
wz.f y ub.f C k o h . f n g eD R z;tD R
M.vDR$ySRqguwJzsgxD.'f .f0t
J w>fw>l b
f .f
'D;yub.fwJyF;&SJyF;tDRv>o; w>fb.f
ud>fb.f*DRt*h>foh.fwz.fM.vDR$ 'D;yu
xH.fvdmfo ;'D;trd>fty>ft yk>f0J>ftbl;
twHRoud;oh.fwz.f 'H;od; yuM>b.f
w>frRp>Rv>t0Jo.h f wz.f ttd.fM.vDR$
yS R v>t
o;vD R bS H ;
vD R
wDRw*Rqdurd.0f v
J > ySRymf*>H f ymfbgtDR
ySRemfM>tDRpSR0J'.fM.vDR$ tw>frk>fv>fpSR
0J to;wpJv>ySR w0>tzDcd.fv> u
ymf C k m f rRoud ; w>f zJ s .f z sJ . f ch s ch s
wtd.fb.f 'D;w>fcJv>mf xH.f0Jv>t
w*hRb.f w>fzH;w>frRv> tbsL;td.f
zS.d t
f .d w
f z.ft0Jemf0v
J > trR0JwM.b.f
tw>frHw>f*JRwtd.fb.f rhwrh>f tw>frH
w>f*JR tgwv>M.tc>; 'D;tuHvdxD.f
rhwrh>f tuH vdvDRpSR0J'.fM.vDR$ t 0J
oh.f vdmfb.f0J'.f trd>fty>ftyk>ft0J>f t
wHRoud; 'D;tcd.fte>foh.fw z.fub.f
rRp>R tDR'D;[Houd;rl'g'H;od;od;'D;td0J
oh.w
f z.fo.h n
f gvDRuhRto;v>tbsL;
tzSd.ftd.f0J'.fe> fvDR$
ySRo;w>fqgtd.fw*R tw>fwl>fb.f
t w>femfe> f ysRH w>fz;k w>fe. f 'H;yymfzsgv>
x;tode.fvDR$ (puD&dkz&efeD;,m;
pdwfupifh uvsm;)w>fqge.f o;w>f
qgtusgrh>f0J w>fqgv>t'd.f wcg
e.fvDR$ o;*h>fyDng (,l*sif;bvm;) [h.f
wh>f0J w>fqgtrHR puH&d.fz.f&.feH,>.f
( puDZzkd &ef;eD;,m;)zJ 1908 eH.ef . v
f RD $
) w>fuwdRtHR[JvDRp>R0J'.fv> (u&d
) w>f u wd R puD Z ef (uG J j ym;jcif ; )
puHp.frh>f0J (w>fvDRqDvdmfo;) z&ef
(pdwfESifhcHpm;csuf) z&.f (o;'D;w>f
wl>fb.f) w>fuwdRcHzs>.f yymfzSd.ftDR'D;
uJxD.f0J'.f w>fwl>fb.fcHcge.fvDR$ tcD
ynDrh>f0J o;cHuyRe.fvDR$ teD>fuD>fwcD
tcDynDwtd.f0J'.fvDRwH>fvDRqJ;b.f$
(pdwfupifhuvsm; puDZdkz&efeD;,m;)
wrh>fo;td.fcHuyRb.f teD>fuD>fw cDrh>f
'.fw>ftd.fo; wcgpDRplR ,HRvdmf to;
b.'dqgvX ud.'Jb.H
vX=uFu
D u
DF hF
vXngySRtd.0Jw*Rrk>rh[g
vDRM. t0JvJRtd.oud; rk.ueDRxD
bdM.vDRI b.zJqXuwD>vXrk>[gvDR
qDtd.weHRcDzsdvguyDRt0JvJRtd.o
ud;qlrk.ueDRw*Rt[H.<'D; rk.ueDR
zdw*RM.tw>wJtDRuFDzd{X[JxD.vX
[H.ylRoX.'D;zJM.ySRw*R M.vJRxD.
0J'.qlrk.ueDRM.t[H.ylRM.vDRI
b.zJw>w[gM.rk.ueDRzd w*RMR'D;
trd>M.zDtD.bX tD.0Jud.'JbH.M.
vDRIb.tcgzJud.'JbH.wz. M.rH0J
e.fvDR$ o;e.frR0J'.fw>fxDbdvDR$ o;
w *>>fwus>Rb.fw>fqge.f ySRweDR
pH;0J'.f w>fw*hRw0g b.frRwHmfwmfySR
w>f w*hR w0gb.f oh.w
f z.f yu[Dx.D f
t*D>fw nD0J'.f b.fv>ySRqgt *D>fb.f
e.fvDR$ o;w*>>fwus>Rb.fo;uwHmf
uwlmfe.f rh>f0J'.fw>fqgwcgvDR$ yu
b.f ulqg,g bsgtDRv>tqdtchse.f
vDR$ w>f[h.f*H>f [h.fbg o;w>fqg
uuJxD.ft*D>f w>f *h>fv>cH uw>>f
rh>f0J'.f o;b.f wHmfwmf o;vDRbSH;
vDRwDRe.fvDR$w>fwl>fb.foh.f wz.ftd.f
'.f ttg'D;t&Sge.fvDR$
w>f-wDRq>u'guhRw>fo; vDR
bSH;ph>fuD; to[D.fw'H;od;vdmfto;
b.fe. v
f RD $ w>fo;vDRbS;H e>f uJx.D t
f o;
ohv>y[H.fzdCDzd tbl;t wH>fyw0>
'D;ycd.fyC>R yw>fzH;w>frR tvD>frh>f*hR
yw>ftd.fw>f qd;tvD>f'D; xHuD>fw>ftd.f
o; w>fy>w>fjyg;w*>>fw us>Rb.ftCd
oDoDzd 'D;ud>ud>vXRvXRtqX uwD>
M.vDRI'D;t0J[JpdmCDRM>0Jzdo. cGgzd
w*RtHRwcG; (wvDcD) vXvDcD z;'d.
wbh.tylRM.vDRI'D;rk.ueDRzdM.pH;0J
?uFDzd{XtD.wcDwb.tge>eD wrHR w
*hReD./b.q.ydmcGgzd0JM.tD.0Jud.'J
bH.wbl.b.cDzsd t0Jtge>0J'D; trJm
qS;tCdM.vDRI 'D;zJM.rk.ueDRzdtrd>
M.td.vX'X;zdylRM.vDRI 'D;vXw>w
ymo;tylRtrd>M.ud;0Jtzdrk. ?zdrk.
{X[JuhRvXrdtd.wpd>zdrD./'D;zJtzd
rk.uhREkmvDRql'X;zdylRqltrd> td.t
qXuwD>M. ydmcGgzdw*RM.t0J tlyHm
uGHmrh.tl'X(rD;cGuf)'D; vlvDR0Jud.'J
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
11
bH.wz.qltqhuRuwXRvdRcJvXm
'D;t0JvXw>o;cktylRpH;0JvX to;
ylR?tD.b.ud.'JbH.vHIItD. b.
ud.'JbH.vHIw>bsK;vD/'D;t0JuhRpH.
vDRu&Du';qlCD vdRtCdtcD.w
ysmvXCDvdR'D;vDRwJm0J'.qlCD zDvm
M.vDRI 'D;rk>*>w*RM.e>[lw> oD.0HR
t0J[JxD.vX[H.rJmng'D;xH.0Jzd.
o.cGgM.vDRwJm vXCDzDvm'D;pH;0J
?zd'd.cGg{Xeb.'db.xH;wrHRrHR{g/
'D; zJM.zd'd.cGgw*RvX w>ysHRw>zk;w>
ued;u&J.tylRpH;qXrk*gM.'ftRH vDRI?rk
*g{Xrhr>h ,R'k,wb.w>eDwrHRb.Ib.
q.xJwrHRb.'dqgvXud.'Jb.H M.vDRI
11
12
v>rlcd.fwbh.fCD tzDvmf
pDRw>frs>x
f l OKO tw>f
vJRcDzsd weDR
zHqDC>f Cd.fvdmfusdeHR
w>f * D R = uF d z d t od . f
pDRw>frs>fxl
OKO
od.f'lpd
y,DRzd tw>fuwdR'dtd.f0J
o;orlteH.f wu,R rh>w
f ySJRb.fq.f
o*>>f';D w>f';k w>f,R tbsw
D u,RvDR$
w>frh>fw>fwDvDR$ ytd.f'D;yo; orl
tw>fvRJ usJ o;orl tw>fu>G q
f > rJm'f ;D
w>ftwRw>f';D ySRv>to; orl w>fvRJ
ylRtd.u
f ;d *R'J;'D; ud;eHR 'J;v>tw>fvRJ
cDzst
d ylRvDR$
pDRw>frs>x
f l rh>o
f ;yS>f pDRzg0h 'D; rk>*f >f
eD>w
f cgeH.f tzdcgG td.zf s.J x
f .D zf J 1983 eH.f
vgtDuml f tylR [.f w&J.f w0Dzd 'loxl.f
uD>f&h.f tylRvDR$ zJteD>fqH; tcg tJ.f
'D;rRvdw>f'.d f r; b.fq.f w>f*>h u
f D td.f tgr;
v> trh>f 'lo0DyRl uFw
d td.f b.f 'D; rd>f y>fwz.f
rh>yf RS rRpH.f rR0JR b.f Ckt.D f Cktv
D >*DRv>[g
v>w>fvk>ftD.f o;orlt*D>fCd 'l.fzd
x>zdcv
J >mf b.fu>G q
f >rJmw
f >fuw
D >fcJ wz.f
tHRvDR$ b.f q.f 'f ehq>.f w>ft.d f o;'D;
vD>f u0DRw>f td.f o;tod; zdo.f wz.f
rh>w
f td.f b.f uFd b.f q.f rk>f qgcD vJR
uG>o
f ud;ye>fv>pH.f cd.f ysD ylR [;c;tD.f xd.f
zdv.H f zd vd>u
f J G oud; 'D;rlzd oud;zdw z.f
rkmf 'd.f r;vDR$
w>fvRD qD wcgzJ ok;y'd.t
f ok; w
z.f rh>[
f J bl;xD.v
f H w>fupD.f rh>w
f Rk vHe.h f v>
w>fysRH w>fz;k tylR zdo.fwz.f u&DezdD .dS u
f Rh
12
y uGJ rkm b. ySR z; vHm zd wz. vX t o; rh> td. uGJ; b. C; ySR uvkm w
zkzktvk>v><xl o El'f od; u 'k; vJ> xD. y ySR w 0X t w> xH. tw> e> yX> w> qJ;
vX w> vR'fod; 'k; xl xD. wDR wDR ySR w 0X tw> xH. M. oh vDRI 0H o;plR qSX tDR ql
uFdzdttd.ohvDRIe*D>ubHs;yR?vX
rlcd.wbh.CDtzDvm/utd.vXe*D>
vDRItJ; 'H; xX.
13
14
pDRrl&>xlt*h>
b.w>uGJ;pXzSd.tDRvX===uFDvDol
zJ2007eH.twD>ylRpDRrl&>t
0J rh> ySR vXt p;xD.rR oud; w> 'D; u
nDuFdzdySmbs;pJu&l>ud;(KSNG)M.vDRI
w csK;vXt 0J rR oud; w> 'D; ySR 'H; b.
M.wbsDtcgwJ0JvXt0Jrh>ph>uD;ySRw
*R vX t rR wh> w> vX w> tH; xGJ uG> xGJ
ySR vD> td. u rSH 'f y oh. ng b. t od;
(Free Burma Ranger)ph>uD;vDR<'D;cDzsdvX
to;p>'H;tCd t0J[JuhR xD.u'g
uhRuFdzJrJ>&Rrd>'Ju0DR wkR zsdxD. 0J '.
wDRuFdM.vDRIzJt0JxD.u'guhRuFdt
u wD> t rR o ud; w> 'D; u nD uFd zd ySm
bs;pJu&l>'fu&Xzdw*RvXtb.w>
wDcd.&dmrJtDRvXuqD0gvhunDuFdzd
ySm bs; pJ u &l>(u nD uFd zd ySm bs; pJ u
&l>)wkRtzsdxD.uFd0HRteD> u p> rX M>
qD.cHtDRvXurRoud;w>'D;unDuFd
zd ySm bs; pJ u &l> vX u rR pXR b. t ySR
uvkmcDzsdtw>ohw>b.td.'D;tDRt
od;M.vDRI
t 0JqJ; usd; 'D; u nD uFd zd ySm
bs;pJu&l>cd.e>w*R(pDRe >vGJ)pH;0JvX
tJ.'d;rRoud;w>'D;unDuFzdd ySmbs;pJ
u&l>M.vDRIvXt0Jw>ol.ql.o;*JR
tCdtb.w>wl>vdmtDR'D;2008eH.
vg'HRpJbX>tylRb.w>CkxXxD.tDR
'fw>'d;oe RvDRo;rl'gcd.w*Rtod;
wkR vX t o; orl vXm uGHm vX[D.cd.
14
bh.tySRw0mM.t0JymCm0JvXu&X
t ph ym uDR t *D> M. vDRI t 0J '. u wdR
udRvR0gwb.tgtgb.<b.q.o
emuhtwHRoud;vXySRrk>ekmrk>xD.zd
td. tg r;vDRI vX t 0J t Cd 'D; w> oh.
ngtgxD.unDuFdzdySmbs;pJu&l>M.y
tX. vDR wl> vdm vDRI t 0J rh> ySR u pk 'k zd
w*RvXtusJ;pX;rRvXySJRtw>rHrD>w
*R vDRI
t 0J 'k; eJ. b. w> *DR vX uD>
,y.<uD>tD;pjwhvf,g'D;uD>uFD.wJ.
oh. w z. t ylR M. vDRI w> *DR vX t 'k;
eJ. 0J vX xH *kR uD> *R oh. w z. [; xD.
tgr;M.vDRIteD>up>'.0J[;xD.[;
vDR vX xH csX uD> csX w> cGJ; w> ,m rh> w
td. b. q. o em uht 0J td. 'D; t
oud; vX t wD 'D; tDR rR pXR tDR vX w>
'k;eJ.w>*DRtrl;vXxH*RuD>*Roh.w
z.tgr;vDRIt0JpH;0J?,vJRvXxH*R
uD> *R rh> w wkR b. q. o em uh ,ySR
uvkmpH.rSH[;zsd;oh.wz.vJR0JwkRcD
zsdvXw>*DRvXtxk;0Joh.wz.tylR
vDRI,emvXw>*DRvX,xk;oh.wz.
u wJ M> cJ; w> vX ySR 'D w u vkm t *D>
vDRI/
vXw>ymol.ymo;w>wqX
rk>v>tylRt0Jtw>rR0HR0JvX[D.cd.
tuwD>rh>w>ol.tk.o;tk;vXunD
uFdzdySmbs;pJu&l>u&XcJvXmt*D>M.
vDRI t 0J t w> xH. wdm ym vX tqX 'k;
vd> xD. z; xD. 0J oh. w z. y w oh. ng
xGJ vXR y u rR 'f od; tDR y rR w ohb.
td.0J tg r; vDR I vX t 0J w csK; vJR ylR
uGHm 'H; b. t u wD> t 0J 'k; td. xD.ySR
xk;w>*DRo;p>tgr;cDzsdw>ohw>b.
vX t 0J eDR [h. vDR t w> oh w> b. w
z.qlol.p>o;bD.ttd.M.vDRI
pDRrl&>tHRt0Jrh>ySRupX>cd.zd
vXtb.pH.b.Ch>vXeItIztok;
t w> rR o tk; o ySDR w> w *R vDRI vX
tw>td.rlw>vJRcDzsdtylRt0JuhRuG>
*JRvdmvXxH&l>uD>oJ;wyRph>uD;yol
tDRoh0JvDRIvXw>*h>oh.wz.tHRt
Cd,tJ.'d;'k;eJ.ol.bD.o;p>vXw>
xk; w> *DR M. y ol tDR u oh vX usJ 'f M.
, tJ. 'd; rR zsg xD. w> xk; w> *DR t w>
uJbsK;uJzSd.oh.wz.vDRI/t0Jrh>ySR
o; p> w *R vX t usJ; pX; rR zsg xD. t
w>rHrD>oyS>uwX>'D;wkR0JvXtzDwX.
'ftw>qXM>rk>v>td.tod;w*RvDRI
y tJ. 'd; qD. xGJ [h. *H> [h. bg b. b.
ol.p>o;bD.oh.wz.vXto;pJvX
w> xk; w> *DR oh. w z. vX u [l; *JR 'k;
eJ. zsg xD. b. t w> oh w> b. oh.
15
wz.'D;'d;olvDRto;vXw>rRw>vX
ySRuvkmt*D>M.vDRIyrh>uG>pDRrl&>t
0J w vDR pXR vX ySR wl> 'd. uDR 'd. w *R
b. t 0J trh> ySR rk> qh. rk> *DR w *R vDRI
vXtw>usJ;pX;tCdt0JwkRqltw>
ynd.'D;b.w>oh.ngtDRtgr;vXt
0Jrh>ySRxk;w>*DRqJ;eD>w*RvXuD>qX
[D.u0DRw*Rph>uD;M.vDRIvXw>M.
t Cd ySR o; yS> pH; 0J = zH; vD> cd. qX. zH;
usXR usXRt od; w> rR vX y u rR tDR
M. y u b. rR vDR wH> vDR qJ; wkR vDR
wDRvDR'fod;to.tzDuuJbsK;vXy
*D>M.vDRI
zJvg,lR 23 oD t eHRM.<
o0DzdtrHRtlv.ph.vX%SG .thrFJ.o0D<
0DRv>huD>q.< wvXRuD>pJ.tylRw
*RtHR,D>b.0J'.rh.yd>'D;Iok;y'd.uGJ;
zsgxD.0J vXw>
upD.ylR vXrh.
yd>vX o0Dzd,D>
b.tHR rh>0J'.
ch.tJ.,l. 'D;
vDR0J'. 'D; ch.
tJ. ,l> w cD pH; 0J
vXwrh>t0Joh.
w>rRb.M.vDRI
zJvg,lR(23) *DR
cD t qXuwD > <
tlv.ph.ttd.
(75)eH.,D>b.
rh>yd>zJtvJRvXck;tqXuwD>tCd
tcD.xGJwlmuGHm0Jt*h> ok;y'd.ymzsg
xD.vX uFhrdR w>upD.zJ vg,lR
(25)oDeHRM.vDRI b.C; 'D;w>*h> vX
ok;y'd.wJ0JtzDcd. ch.tJ.,l. eJ>&GJ>
oCJR(1)ok;cd.pDRv.iGI.pH;qXu'g
uhR0JvX?uD>y,DRy'd.ymxD.w>ur.
vXw>yd>xD.vXvh.rh>tlylR< w>u
rGHR'XylR'D;w>[;vD>ylR oh.wz.vX
ch.tJ.,l. rR0J'. xDbdM.vDRI
rh>*hRM.y,DRok;y'd.ymxD.'.w>u
r.vXch.tJ.,l.vDRIteD>uD>wcDySR
xD'gok;y'd.M.wrh>xJch.tJ.,l.wzk
{dRb.tCdySRud;*R-uX;uG>qdurd.
0JvDR/t*h>t0JwJ
tgxD.0JM.vDRI
zJvg,lR (12) oD
teHR<w>ydmxD. 0J
vX M>yFH.'D>0h>< us;
ylR<w>[;vD> t
ylRM.'D; ySRursX>
b.'d0J (3) *RtzD
cd.ok;y'd. ymxD.
w>ur.vX ch.
tJ.,l. rXySR'D;
[h.vDRph. tu
vD>(30)vDRI
t0Joh.w>wJoh.wz.vXwtd.'D; 'D;t0Joh. zD.M.0J ySRvXtvJRrRydm
w>tk.o;oh.wz. tzDcd. ywvd> xD.w>trHR udRv; t*h>ymzsgxD.0JzJ
ue.Ckmb.I b.C;'D; w>*h>oh. vg,lR(18)oD<w>upD.tylRM.vDRI
15
16
w>fCJRyl toe>.f
zdo'gv> t'due.frd>fy>fuvk>f
v>=Naw Joy Jay Aung
=================
v>ys>Re.f o0Dtd.f0J'.fwzs>.f zk
o;yS>ftd.f0J'.fw*Rt0Jtd.f'D;tzdcgG o>
*Re.v
f RD $weHRwcD.zf o
k ;yS>ef . u
f ;d zS.d 0f t
J
zdcgG 'DpH;0JzdcgG oh.f{>ygygo;yS>fvHw>ftd.f
ql.ftd.fchsph>fuD;w*hR v>Rb.ftCdygyg
tJ.f'D;eDRvDR zdcgG 'd.f cH*R tw>fpkvD>fcD.f
cd.f oh.fwz.fe.fvDR$t0J[h.fvDR0JtzdcgG
0J>u
f u
d oh.zf g0gw'k';D pHmt
f thu>.fwqH
e.f vDR$ tzdcgG cH*R w*R ph>fuD;[h.fvDR
ph>fud;0J'.fuoh.fzgC;olw'k'D;pHmftth
u>.fwqHph>fuD;e.fvDR$ [h.feDRvDR0Jtzd
cGgcH*Rw>fpv
k >D cf .D cf .d 0f RH tzdc*H RuhRtd.u
f Rh
0J'.fv>w*Rv>tvD>fw*Rv>tvD>fe. f
vDR$rhr>h t
f zdcgG o'gwcDr>h v
f >tngp>f';H
tCdt.d q
f ;d 0J'.f';D ty>fe. v
f RD $td.0f 'J .f';D
ty>fweHRwcD.rf >h v
f >ty>fw>ft.d q
f .l t
f .d f
f o
H '.fumHG t
f RD e.v
f RD $
chsw*hRtCdty>fe> o
ty>foH0HRtvD>fcH wtgeHRtg
oDb.f'D;t0J>fcgG cH*Rrh>fv>w>fo;uGHvkmf
b>uGmH t
f RD tCdp;H b.f0t
J yk>o
f 'gzd';H tHR
vDR$ yk>fo'g {>rh>fv>ygw td.fv>Rb.f
tCd [H.ft0JtHR rh>f0J '.f y[H.fe>fvDR$
[;vDRuGHmfv>[H.fylRcJtHRwuh>f'D;tyk>f
'gpH; q>t0Joh.f ,rh>fwtd.fv>[H.ft
0JtRH tylReh>,
f ub.fvRJ td.zf v
J .J ,
f td.f
w>fvD>fwtd.fb.f0J>fcgG oh.f{>okwo;u
nDR,Rb.f {g$ v>cHuw>>fwJ0Jt0J>fcgG
cH *Rwe>fb.ftCd[HxD.f0Juoh.fzdv>
ttd.w
f >h w
f 'k';D [;xD.u
f mHG v
f >[H.t
f ylR
e.fvDR$
[;xD.f'D;vJR0JwkRzJw>fvD>fw
wDR'D;vJReJ'.feus'J ;D ,uvJR,J'.f,usJ
e.v
f RD $uoh.zf ed > u
f >G x
f t
JG up>f[;xD.t
f
us'J ;D trJmx
f v
H RD 0J'.fe. v
f RD $tup>fe> v
f RJ Ekmf
vDRqlyS>frk>fue>ylR'D;rh>fv>tvDRbSH;vDR
wDRtCdwD>fvDRrHtd.fbSH;0J'.fv>oh.fw
xl.ftzDvmfe.fvDR$uoh.fzdph>fuD;rh>fv>
16
to;td.ftup>ftCdu>G f0Jtup>fvJR
usJ';D vJRydm0f t
J up>ftcHe. v
f RD $xH.0f t
J
up>frHoyhRb.fto;'D; zJtup>frHy>>f
J .h f
xD.t
f cgutD.b
f .ftb
D .ft*D>C
f ek > 0f o
o.fv> ttd.fv> yS>fylR oh.fwz.f0HRymf
zSd.fe>f0Jv>tcd.f'D 0HR'D;uoh.fzde. ftd.fcl
ol.f0Jv>yS>fvmfusge.fvDR$w,Hmfb.f'D;
tup>fe> rf yH >>fx.D 'f ;D uG>x
f .D t
f cd.'f 'D ;D xH.f
0J'.foh.fo.fwz.fe.fvDR$
oh.fo.foh.fwz.ftHR rwR
w*R [Jymfe>f,RvJ.f wJxD.f0J0HRCku>G f
w>fv>tuydmfuyR 'D;xH.f b.f0J'.ft
uoh.zf ed . v
f RD $tup>fe> pf ;H b.ftuoh.f
zdp;xD.w
f eHRtHR'D;qlngeR'D;,Rywtd.f
vDRz;v>Rb.f$'D;t0Joh.ftd.f0JtD.f0J'.fzJ
yS>frk>fue>tylRe.fvDR$
weHRwcD.fuoh.fzdtup>fe>fxH.f
0J'.fwRtk;'Dzrd >d cf 'H ek . v
f RD $wRtk;zdv>t
woh.n
f g'H;b.fw>fw'kt.D 0f 'J .ftrd>yf >S t
f
Ek>rf rh >h t
f rd>yf >S w
f cDr>h v
f >rh>v
f >ySRc;w>fzcd ;
b.ftDRv>csHmftCd td.fwh>fuoHb.ft
o;e.v
f RD $uoh.zf t
d up>fe> rf >h v
f >to;
unDRwRtk;zd'd.fr;tCd[Hbk.f0J'.fwR
tk;zde. fvDR$tCde> ft0Joh.fuJxD.f0J'Do
ud;o>*Re.v
f RD $'D;t0Jo.h t
f .d q
f ;d 0J'.fzyJ >S f
rk>fue>e>frkmfrkmfck.fck.fe. fvDR$weHRwcD.f
e>yf RS t>zdo>*R[JuRh zD.ef > 0f yJ md rf .k w
f *R'D;
q> Cmf0J'.fv> ysHRe.fvDR$
uFd zd t od. eD.*H> (34) 2011eH.
ySRt>zdo>*Rtd.f0J'.fzJe>f'D;eDR
vDRvdmo
f ;xlpo
h .h w
f z.f';D uwdRtgvdmf
to; ydmfrk.ft0Je>feu[H,u[H'D;wJ
f RD $zJe> t
f q>uwD>w
f R
*h>v
f md 0f t
J o;e.v
tk;zdv>tvdmu
f v
JG >oh.cf w
H 'kx.H w
f >fuJ
xD.f o;t*h>f'D;ud;0J'.ftup>fwbsDCD
e.v
f RD $tup>fo.h u
f ;d xD.0f 'J .fqo
l .h cf cH sh o
'H;e.v
f RD $wRtk;zde> 'f ;k eJ.t
f up>fv>ySRt>
zdoh.fw z.ftw>fuJxD.fto;t*h>foh.f
wz.fe.fvDR$zJe>ftq>uwD>fySRt>zdoh.f
wz.fymfywD>f0Jxlphoh.fwz.f'D;vJRCDR0J
qlydmfrkmftd.fw>ftvD>fq>uwD>fwRtk;zd
e>[
f eH > 0f x
J pl 'h ;D ySRt>zdo.h w
f z.fx.H 0f 'J .f
wRtk;zde.fvDR$
tCdow;'D;ySRt>zdoh.fwz.f
vkR0J'.fwRtk;zd'D; wRtk;zdph>fuD;pSDRwH>f
Cmf0J'.fxlbd.fph bd.fCH;CH;'D;pH.f ud;0J
'.fyRS t>zdo>*Rqly>S rf >k u
f e>tylRe.v
f RD $
zJe> t
f q>uwD>u
f oh.zf 'd ;D wRtk;zdtup>f
e>fvJRCh>f0Jchso'H;qlydmfrkmfttd.f'D;CJmf
vDRe>u
f mHG 0f 'J .ftysRH 0HRtd.cf o
d .l 0f 'J .fzv
J >>f
udylRzJe.fvDR$
w,Hmfb.ftuwD>f
wRtk;zdw'k [JuhRpdmf0J'.f'D; xlbd.fph
bd.fzJtup>ftuyRe.fvDR$ wRtk;zd
[JuhRwkR'D; ymfxD.f0J'.fydmfrk.fqluoh.f
zdtzDc.d 'f ;D p;xD.v
f RJ w>fe. v
f RD $vJR0JvRJ 0J';D
wkR0J'.fzo
J 0Dzw
d zs>.fe. v
f RD $t0Jo.h w
f z.f
rHt.d b
f ;HS 0J'.fzo
J 0D[.H w
f zs>.ftylRe.v
f RD $
zJe>ftq>uwD>fe>fydmfrk.fe>f wJ
f uJupDRyRtzd
0Jtup>f't
f RH vDR$,Re>,
rk.v
f RD $zJe> t
f q>uwD>u
f oh.zf 'd ;D wRtk;
J >fuwdRe>'f ;D ysRH w>f'.d f
zdtup>fe> ef >f[0l w
r;e>v
f RD $ydmrf .k ef > pf ;H b.ft0Jo.h o
f rk >h ,
f w>f
bsL;w>fz.dS t
f up>fvRD $,ub.fv;d uhRu
p>ftbsL;'H;vJ.w
f 0J 'J .f0RH qJ;vJRu'D;w>f
'D; wkR0J'.fv>upDRyRttd.fe.fvDR$
upDRyRzdrk.fe>f&SJ;yF;0Jw>f*h>fcJ
v>mf0HR'D;upDRyRe>fol.fcko;ck0J'.f'd.f'd.f
'D;upDRyRpH;0J,b.fo;e>,
f zdr.k 'f ;D zdo.f
17
cGgzdw*RtHR0HR'D;whzsDt0Jo.h cf *H Re.v
f RD $
v>cHuw>>fe> yf >k o
f 'ge>t
f .d q
f ;d vkm0f 'J .f'd
tuoh.fzdv>te>fvdRwRtk;zdv>te>f
vdR'D;trgo;bdv>ttJ.0f 'J .d w
f *Rrk.rf .k f
ck.fck.fwpdRo;e>fvDR$
'Ju0DRoe>.f
tl;yF.f 'Ju0DR[JuJxD.fo;t*h>fcD.fxH;
'Ju0DRtrHR b.fw>fud;eh>ftDR
trHRv> tl;yF.f'Ju 0DRp;xD.f w>f q>
uwD>rf >k ef RH = (23oD$vgtDuml f =1999)
eH.feh.f vDR$ 'Ju0DRtd.f ol.fvDR to;
'Ju0DR tHR td.f ol.f
vDRto;zJ uD>fuFD.f
wJ.fylR v>>f[huD>f
&h.f zd;jz; uD>fq.f
t[D.fu 0DRtylR
e.fvDR$ v>rk>fxD.f
tq>wu yRrh>f0J
cgzJ uD>fq.f rk>fEkmf
rJ q D ; tl ; z.f vd
vh.f tusJrk>fcD; 0h>f
rJqD; (47) uHvd
v> uvH R xH ; w
u yRtq>rh > f 0 J
tl ; z.f uD > f q .f
uvHR pd;wuyR
rh > f 0 J (4445) rF D ; u vk m f ' l . f w z.f
o0De.fvDR$
tl;yF.f'Ju0DRtHR b.fw>f ol.f
vD R tD R zJ (4447)uH v d 'D ; t
[D.fu0DRtd.f0J$ wuH vd0;0;e.fvDR$
w>f v D > f t H R w>f y >Rcd . f w td . f rh > f 0 J
w>fvk>fzdwz.f'D; xHusdzdxHwdRzdwz.f
e.fvDR$ v>rk>fxD.fu vHRpd; xHurg z;
'd.ftvD>fe>ftupDRxDtd.f0J (1180)
rH x >.f ' D ; v> rk > f x D . f w uyR bh R o
eHw>fbg,GR o &d.fe>ftupDRxD td.f0J
18
w>fu&>u&dwzktRH t0JR'ht.d t
f gr;e.f
vDR$ SVA td.[
f v
J >uD>f Japan trHRtxD
rh>f0J Santi volunteer Association tw>f
rRtoe>.fr>h 0f J uG>x
f JG rRp>R vHm&f 'd >;v>
'Ju0DRylRe.fvDR$ RTP td.f[Jv>uD>f
Canaada trHRtxDrh>f0J Right To Play
tw>frR toe>.fr>h 0f J w>fe.J v
f zd o
d .f w>f
vd.u
f t
JG uvkmu
f vkmef > v
f RD $ DARE td.f
[Jv>uD>cf anadatrHRtxDr>h 0f J Drug And
tw>frRtoe>.frh>f 0Jw>f
[h.fyDngrh.fyd>f uG>fxJG0Jb.fC;ySRqgcd.f
Ekmfb.f'db.f uvHR'D;pkw *hRcD.fw*hR cD.f
w*hRrJmfbsD.f wz.fe.fvDR$ TOP[J0J
v>uD>f Chana w&l;uD>f trHRtxDrh>f0J
Paipei Overseaas Peace peace Service 'D;
rRp>R0J ' .f z d o .f q H ; uF d z d wD R bsD u F d
wz.fe. v
f RD $PPAT td.f [Jv>uD>u
f .DF w
f .J f
UNCHR trHRtxDrh>f0JThe PlanparenAloyhol Reecovery and Education thood Assocation of Thailand tw>frR
Nextwork tw>f z H ; w>f r Rrh > f 0 J w >f ' D
toe>.frh>f0J w>f&J.foJuwDR[H.fzdCDzd
o'>u oH.frlRbSD;w>f[h.fyDng w>f w>f[h.fyDng uG>frd>f'>vD>f[h.fuoH.f
ulqgySRolpGJu oH.frlRbSD;oH;wz.f uG>fySRqg w z.fe.fvDR$
cDzsdw>'k;w>,RtCdo0Dzdb.uD
vX=uFdzdtod.
zJvg,lRtwD>ylR ySRb.uD
b.cJtoDCD;qHbsJ[JCh> EkmvDRtd.
u'kvX uD>uFD.wJ.< tlz.uD>q. zJ
ed.zd unDb.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRylR cDzsd
vXt0Joh.b.,d.0JvX w>'k;uuJ
xD.tCdt*h> M.'Ju0DR urH;wH;
pDRolvhR'd.pd pH;0J'.M.vDRI
cDzsdvXuD>qXvD>u0DR'lo0D
wz.w> bH.w>bXt*D>w>tk. uDR
o;wtd.b.'D;w>rh> uJxD.o;wrHR
rHRM.y,DRok;wz.rRql.rXql.ySRo
0DzdtCdt0Joh.b.Ch>xD.t*h>o0Dzd
pDRxlxlpH;0JM.vDRI
?td.bl.vXR0JvJ.w>rh>uJxD.o;w
rHRrHR y,DRuc;vDRw>vX o0DylR'X;
wJ0JvX ySRrh> w[JuhR qSXtySR b.M.
uc;vDRw>vXo0DylRrDR ySRw[JuhR
qSXb.'X;c;vDR0JM. b.0Jo0Dzdt
[H.oXzsX.vXtrh>pDeJRtrd[H.<zgEl;
t[H.'D;w>usdt[H./t*h>t0JwJtg
xD.0JvDRI
zJ tylRuGHm vg ,lR 13oD t eHR
M. unD'Duvkm w>xl.zsJ;olrk> 'd.
18
EkmvDRzD.M>y,DRok;zdw*RzJ uD;w&H;
uD>q.<'lysm,muD>&h.uDF>x.o0DylR
tCdy,DRok;vXttd.zJ o0DtCXR
wz.c;vDRw>vXo0DylR 'D;b.0Jo0D
zdt[H.oXzsX.t*h>o0DzdpDRxlxlpH;0J
M.vDRI
vXw>*h>tHR tCdw>'k;rh>uJ
xD.vXo0Dtcd.tCXRM. o0Dzdw
z.b.,d.0JvX y,DRok;uc; vDRusd
vXo0DylR 'D;ySRvD>u0DRzdwz.Ch>
xD.td.u'kqdvXuDF.wJ.uD>qX'D;
b.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRt*h>M.o0Dzw
d z.
pH;0JM.vDRI
ed.zd'Ju0DRtylRuwD>tHRySR
[JEkmvDR toD tg M> t*R CD;qH bsJ.
uFd zd t od. eD.*H> (34) 2011eH.
19
xg toe>.f
weDRwcDw>l wuJ
unDuD>[;xD.0JoGJ;
ymwh>uGHmvD>td.vD>qd;
qluD>uFD.wJ.ylRvJRtd.
[JvDRwqDb.wqD
wkRvDRolvhRuD>unD
vX ySJR 'D;w> rJw>rg
,k>M>trHRvXuD>vg
weDRqXcDvXt*D>
w,HRb.'H;tDRb.{D>
'd;xD.odvh.ubD,lR
pD>vDRvXuD>rk>EkmylR
zkq.wl> 'D;zHzJph
xH.M> unDuD>vg[h
od.xD. bSJ.'D;cHGzsX.vD>
qJ;wcGJqhysd>bs;vDR
rd>y>vXysXRwJ,kR0J
w>wrHRpJwrHRpJ
pl.oh.yDS>'XvX0h>o;
vDM>ySRzdr.k zdcgG
qXuwD> vJRw&H;o;
uvkm'l.*RwkRvDRu;
*kmM>uGHmunDvD>usJ
ql tuD>'.0Jysdm vJ
wkRCDRzdvHReR,RpdR
*h>yD>cDvJRrh>'H;od;
w>wl>b.rh>'fod;u;
w>tHRw>w'd;uGJb.
rDRpd&dRtw>rRCd
unDb.Ch>rSH[;zsd;
weDRvXxHcHuGmpd;
weDRvXvX>cd.vhvdm
cd.olzdzl*DRzlbD
qdrd.uDRvR0g[;zsD;
qX*hRtDRGood morning
wJ,RogwulrdeH.
td.vXt,HReuG>pd
tcd.vdmwD'D;vD>bd
eD>eD>wrh>w>eDrHR
rh>'.cd.ol'D;cd.bH
csK;pdRunDrk.wz.
wrh>ySRuvDmuvm
whbSDxD.eD>uD>to;
uG>uG>bl;uogur.
od;xD.'D;qhuR,lRxD
o;egyS>udmbdvDRtD;
wkRrh>qk;vDRo;wbsD
rJm'd;ck.zdtd.zsgxD.
zHzv
k XxH;vXrud;
'fyoh.ngwh>tod;
rh>ySRrRvk>tD.upk
tJ.'d;'.w>rkmw>ck.
oh.cd.qX.us.xD.wbsD
unDb.Ch>u'D;vDR
ud>uGHo.vDRxl;ysJRxH
yuD>ySR*R*kmM>vH
ulxD.vXxJulwbsD
euG>td.zsguqS'D D
b.q.wkRrh>vXqh.eDR
phxX.zdtysHRzsgxD.
pdRcJtHRrh>pdRyDng
w>vJvdmrRo;tgr;
csK;pdRunDzdrk.cGg
uwJy;F okue.uG>
w>wbsDtHRunDcGg
whbSDto;vDRv;r;
tcd.vdRqSd;'D;cd.qSd;
te>uk';H e>'H;zd
uRxD.u;qhuRCH;CH;
euG>uG>eo;uwHm
zH;yd.n.yd.*D>w'G;
teXRxD.vXo;egyS>
unDrk.evDRtJ.r;
rJmwl>*hRzH;*kmn.0g
cd.olxDxDeD>xDxD
rkmCgrk.zdw*RCD
?*h R vH w *h R 'H ; b./
[JudFulzsD.cH Sport
qdrd>vX Wold cup [;zsD;
uG>xHvDRwH>uhRwcD
'd;'.cD.zH;q.uqD
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
cd.olxDxDzdwHmuGHm
uG>vDRo;'k*hRyoH;
cd.olz.k tcD'x
h D
wb.*D>vXmb.cGgpD
19
20
cGg{XeuG>uG>rh>xH
tudmbd*mvXpd;bH.
uG>u'd;vXtcD.'h
vDR*muhRvXwhwh0h>
yuud;'fv.J cGgpD
rk.ueDRcHbsDwbsD
wkRydmxD.usJeuG>[k.
cGgvd.bdwqhtpk
ur.oheDbsD0JvJ.
rh>'.unDrk.CdCJ;
ylRuGHmtD.'.n.tk.xH
cJtHRwbsDoGH.'d.oH
ulxD.u'D;zsD.cHeJ
uH.w.xk;CH;[;woh
cgxD.cD.uH;u;uH;u;
vDR*RuhRvXxd.'h.zg
uG>vXtvD>cHwcD
zsgvDR*mw>rlmw>eD>
wkRC.CDR vXtrJng
tDxDcd. zk;b.,o;
'fy,XRxD.wh>vXx;
pdRcJtHRrh>pdRyDng
csK;pdmunDzdo;p>
xH.qH;uG>wvDRvdmo;
qhuRblvHwbl'H;
usguhRvXbsgu>egzH;
evJRwJuG>tDRwcD
wJqXeRvXch;cgbD.
w>tHRwuvDmuvm
eqdrd.qH;wohb.
ydmxD.usJqltHRqlb;
wGH>vHcGgvd.bdw*R
unDrk.zdwJ0J'.
,uwJyF;okue.
unDcGgphwtgb.
utJ.vXuDRvR0g
qXuwD>tHRvDRv;r;
unDrk.cGgwhxD.o;
rk.vd.bdwHm'H.pud.
cGgvd.bd'H;e>'H;zd
?ql n gwrH R /
csK;pdRunDzdcJtHR
weDRunDusdmxH.qH;
wJ0JunDusdmwcg
yuwdRtDRwusXRo;
wJo;p>wrh>b.{J
y.Ckmph> uD; cGg urJ
vXt*D>xJulwtd.
[;ul'. ,modql.zd
wvXuGHmCDoGgoXcg
ud;vDRto; zdo.cGg
qhuRxX.zduzdvd
rk.vd.bdo;p>vJR&d
ud;CDR0J'hrk.oh.[J
qhuRxX.ylRphvJvJ
w>teD>toH;wcD
rh>'.p;cdwltDrDm
xJcGgurJwrh>b.
rk.urJy.Ckm'D;u;
whxD. to;&Sdwhwh
euG>td.zsgwqh'h
20
usdmy,DR<,dR<uDRvR0g
wJ0Jtw,X>CXu;
vXw>*h>tHR tCd
unD bk.'X ySR*Rusdm
cgcJtHRunDrk.cGg
ql,dRuD>cDCDRqgr;
weDRymo;wrJ;'J;
unDusd m wtJ.'d;wJ
?t'd z d w cg/
wbsDvXrJ>qD; uyR
xH.,JunDrk.w*R
vXo;ckqX*hRqX0g
wJqX,R(pD0g'Hc.)
vXw>wymol.ymo;
zk;b.o;,uCh>r;
w>*h>wrh>w>eDrHR
qdrd.unDur.vH
uFd zd t od. eD.*H> (34) 2011eH.
rhrh>unDcGgvd.bd
wJu'D;0J'.wrdF
yubSDvX,dRrk.{J>
rRo;vDRtJ.'d.wpJ;
'D;xgcH,>k w,k>rh>0J
?u,XRxD . ympXRyS J R tH R /
csK;pdRunDzdrk.cGg
upH.CJRok'due.
wd>M>zH;CmwrJ;'J;
td.rlrR'd;vlRydmxGJ
vXyrd>y>yzHzk
pH;0JoGH.okwCgCkm
yvHmvJ>yup>usdR
tJ.z;tJ.uGJ;tJ.uwdR
unDxl%l>w>qJ;vR
okwCgCkm'D;ySR*R
xlxH;qJ;vRunDusdm
[H;C;yXRCmtDRxDbd
zHzkvXysXRwJ,kRySR
usdmvDRr>uvkmvDRr>
csK;pdRunDzdrk.cGg
xl;xH;<usdm<qJ;vR[H;Cm
?&dzSd.*H>bg<w>vXw>ySJR
rh>w>M>og/
ySRunD o;yS>uwdR'dw> pH;0J?
0.wbdwwJmxH<ySRw*Rw0HRw>rHR
b.I w>vXw> ySJRurh>y w>M>
ogCHvRt*D>yub.&dzSd.y *H>y
bgrh>w>vXtvD>td.0J oyS> wX>
vDRIeD>w*Rtw>ohw>b.rh>ySJRvkm
uGmH b.q.Chw>vXw>ySRJ vXySRud;*R
t*D>vhRwuhRwohb.IySRud;*Rub.
21
eH:urSo
H eUO
(1) wbsD ySRuFdzdw*R e>fy>>fy,DR usdmfzJt-u>;'D; t0Jtrd>fwJtDR vJRyShRtD.fn.fud.f wyD>ftrd>f[h.fvDRtDR wd>f'D;t0JvJRv>w>f
o;cktylR vJR0JqlySRqgn.ftvD>f 'D;xH.fySRqgn.f rh>fxJy,DRrk.ftCd t0Jub.f oHuG>f0Jn.fud.fe.f y,DRud;0J 'fvJ.f
'D;qdurd.0f n
J .fe. f y,DRud;0Jv> rSKeft
Cd tcJtRH oHu>G 0f J (ig;rSKef& v
Sd m;) 'D; ySRqgw>fwt
J RD v>w td.b
f .f';D t0JuRh qlt[H.'f ;D
wJb.f trd>fv>n.fud.f wtd.fb.f$ eD>feD>fwcDn.fud.ftd.f rh>fv>t0Jwud;0Jv> (ig;cl ) tCd ySRqgw>fwe>fy>>f b.fe.fvDR$
(2) v>o0Dwzs>.ftylR wbl;w,HR'D; 0h>fodvh.fusJe.f o0Dzdw*RtrHRv> pDRuDuDe.fvDR$ t0Jrh>f0JySR[; qJ;tD.fc;tD.f
w>fv>yS>fv>fusg ql.fr;w*RvDR$ weHRwcD.ft0J[HxD.f'D; tcsHmfbd'D; tq.fv>ySJR'D; [;0J'Dw eHRus>R wxH.fw>feDwrHRb.f'D;
t0J[JuhRv> w>fbSH;w>fwDRtq>uwD>f'D; t0J[JuhRxH.f0J ySR,D>f (qufum;) 'D; 'd;xD.f0J (qufum;) 'D; zJt0JpH.fvDR
tq>uwD>f ySR,D>f qufum; w*RwJtDR (aumif;aumif;qif;yg) 'D; zJ uDuD pH.fvDR'D; b.fzJxd;v> ySRbk.f0Jw'k
[JvDRzJtuyR'D; t0Je>f[l0J w>fuwdRv> uDuD qJ;yg'D; t0Jxk;xD.ft'D'D; qJ;oH0JwbsDCDvDR$ rh>fv> t0JtrHR uDuD
tCde.fvDR$
zDv>>fuD>fylR
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
21
22
ySmfbs;pJ w>fupD.f
unDuzda d ySmb
f s;pJ u7lI 'D; yS:w 0U uG:J vhv:d
vX=uFdzdtod.
w>f*DR = uFdzdtod.f
Drama
w>[l;w>
8JRvDR'D;zJ
vgrhR23oD
eHRM.yvJR
eD R vD R u
w>f*DR=uFdzdtod.f
-um;jrufayguf)e.f wqgb.f,Rb.f
trJmfng ,ymfuz>v> ,o;t eD>fuD>f
vDR$ b.frEkRtCdv.J ef > (f tkw-f um;jruf
ayguf)w>fuwdRzdwzs>.ftHR
,[H;e>fw>f'd w>fwJmfv> ySR0J v>,
*D>f e>fvHe.fvDR$ y[H;e>fw>f'dw>fwJmf
oh v > eD > f w*Rt*D > f w u;'H ; b.f
rfyu[He>fo ud; w>f*H>fw>fbgv>
unD'Duvkmf t*D>f wuh>f $
y0JunDuvkmftHR ytd.fyqd;zJ
w>fv>D zf t
J RH ySRwqdurd.'f .d f ymfv>k yf mfyRhS
ySRph>fud;b.fe.fvDR$ vDR*mfvdmfto;'D;
tkw-f um;jrufayguf e.v
f RD $ 'fe. t
f od;
uFdzdtod.eD.*H>(34)2011eH.
23
24
uol.tD.w>t*D>
w*hR<w>vD> tHR
vDRvXuol.tD.
w>rh>vX ySReD>*H>
tgxD.'D;t0Jo.h
b.ok;vD>ok;usJ
cJ tHRcJtHRt Cd
M. vDRIA
unDyRS cG;J ,mu
%l>ymzsg wh>0JvX
ursX>tgM>(8<8
8 5) *R vXo0DA
118zsX.vXttd.
vXvl>oDu>D q.<
rkm}wDR uD>&h.
uG>qX.rJmb.
'D ; w>tD w >tD
w>*D R =uF d z d t od .
(ck;oh.wz.vX ySRvD>u0DRzd 'GJ.tl'D;ol.vDRbk0HRtqXuwD> )
wul w vXcD c sd
ursX>wz.tHR
t0JpH;ph>uD;0JvX 'lysm,m b.Ch>ylR zsJ;to;vXy,DRok;tCd
unD 'lo0DzdvX tuxd
wz. vX tb. td. urSH y,DR ok; vX uD>&h.'D;uD>&h.t*Rwz.tylRph>uD; uG>qX. rJmb.w>*h>uD tHRM.vDRI
uD>y,DR rk>xD. cDzsdvXrlcd. uvHR ursX> wz.uG> qX. rJm b. w>*h>uD [D.cd.vX uol. tD.bktvD>pSRvDR<
oD.*DR wb.vdm b.p; Aw>plRqd wrHR CD b.q. t0Joh.weDR vlR [D.cd.n.xh.vDRpSRtCd rRbk[kw
tCdtck;toH.'GJ.uhR0JwtD.b.'D; *d>uhRtck;M>wbl>csH<AcHbl>csH'fM.od; M>'D;t*R wrHRrh>rl cd.uvHRoD.*DR
rRuhR0JwM>b.tCduG>qX.rJmb. b.q. ursX> vX uG>qX. rJmb. wb.vdmb.p;w>,DR Ch0J'.zJ 2010
'D; bk [k wvX vX qX uwD> vX u[J w>*h>uDtHRxJvJ.wcDw>wrRM>tDR eH.tCdM.vDRI
p&D'H;b.M.vDRIAA
tHR vDRI
'fu&XvXtrRpXRySRvD>td.
o&. rk. tJ &h; vX trh>unD o&.rk.tJ&h;pH;0JvXursX>vXz.t. urSH(xH.bH.bH.pH.)ymzsg0Jtod;uD>ylR
uD>ylRySRvD>td.urSHtrl'gcd.vXrJqD; uD>&h.tylR wz. tw>tD.rh>wtd. unDySRvD> td.urSHvX unDuD>pJ.
(vXtuG>xGJ0J'.z.t.uD>&h.'D;'lysm M.[JCkrRw>vXuD>uFD.wJ.tylRoh ylR'D;bHs;'0J> uD>&h.tylRtd.0J233900
,muD>&h.)pH;0J<?z.t.uD>&h.ylRo0D 0Jt*h>M.vDRI
*R M.vDRI uD>y,DR rk>xD. unD< ,dR
zd tck;[;*DR0J'.A 925AvD>rh>vXw>
'd.<u&eH.<rd.ySRvD>td.urSHvXyS>ylR<
o&.pDRpwH;vXtrh> unD
plR'D;'G.J tl0w
J tD.tCdM.vDRI/
w>ok;ql.vD>'D;w>ywkmw>c;[D.u0DR
uD>ylRySRvD>td.urSHurHwHmteJ.%GJ.
tylRtd.0J'.446<000*RM.vDRI
o&. rk. tg&H; pH;0JvX ursX> pH;0JvX ud;eH.'J;'lo0DzdvX ttd.
A5437A*R uG> qX. rJm b. w>plR yCd clol. vDRqD'.w>vX csX.vGH>xl. w>qJ;usd;
BOX 74 MAE SOT,
'GJ.uhR tck;wtD. b.'D; rh>ursX> 'D;wDtluD>&h.wz.uG>qX.rJmb.'D; P.O
TAK PROVINCE,63100
wz.vX ttd. vX wM cFg<A vl>ysJ><A 'D; w>tD.w>tD wulwvXt 0Joh.b. THAILAND
TELL: +66 55 536 320
tD.rhRcsD<A rh>vX [D.cd.n.xh.vX E-MAIL ksngktl@yahoo.com
w>-uJ>uD>q.M.vDRIA
WEBSITE- www.ksngktl.co.cc
24