Fumigation

Group four (4) members members: Nichor Webb Chrystal Knibbs Jennifer Edwards-Barnaby Maureen Stewart Sharon Coleman Renita Hoo-Fatt

Objective
1 Define the term fumigation. 2 Identify the main purposes/reason for fumigation of the operating theatre. 3 Describe the process of fumigation of the operating theatre.

Fumigation


Fumigation is a process of gaseous sterilization which is used for killing of microorganisms and prevention of microbial growth in the air, on the surface of wall or floor. It is generally used in the pharmaceuticals, operation theatres, hospitals, hotels and offices.

Fumigation contd


The application of smoke, vapour, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms .

Fumigant - a chemical substance used in fumigation. Fumigate - treat with fumes, expose to fumes, especially with the aim of disinfecting or eradicating pests.
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Surgical site infections



Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the second most common cause of hospital acquired (Nosocomial) infections. These complications of surgical procedures cause considerable morbidity and, when these occur deep at the site of the procedure, can lead to mortality as high as 77%. The source of SSIs may be endogenous (normal flora of the patients skin, mucous membranes, or hollow viscera).
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Surgical site infections



or exogenous, which includes surgical personnel (especially members of the surgical team), the operating room environment (including air), and tools, instruments, and materials brought to the sterile field during an operation. E.g. inorganic particles, airborne mold
and bacteria.

Surgical site infections



Mortality rate - The probability that a given individual (or member of a population) will die (from any cause) within a given time period (eg one year). Morbidity rate - A disease or medical condition is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases

Surgical site infections



Exogenous - Developed or originating outside the body. Endogenous - Developed or originated in the body. Nosocomial - Any disorder acquired during being treated in a hospital (hospital-acquired). Surgical site infections - An infection of the tissue in or around a surgical wound. To be considered a surgical site infection, the infection must occur 8 within 30 days after surgery.

Fumigation in the Operating Theatre



The main purposes are: To control the major part of exogenous infections. Maintaining a sterile surgical environment. Reducing mortality and morbidity rates of patients who has done surgery.
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Fumigation process


To sterilize the operation theatre formaldehyde gas (bactericidal, sporicidal & viricidal) is widely employed (cost effective) for fumigation of huge areas like operation theatres. Formaldehyde kills the microbes by alkylating the amino acids and sulfydral group of proteins and purine bases.
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Fumigation process
 

 

Step1: Preparation Thoroughly clean windows, doors, floor, walls and all washable equipments with soap and water. Close windows and ventilators tightly. If any openings found seal it with cellophane tape or other material. Switch off all lights, A/C and other electrical & electronical items Calculate the room size in cubic feet (LBH) and calculate the required amount of formaldehyde as given in step 3.

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Fumigation process
 

Step 2: Precaution Adequate care must be taken by wearing cap, mask, foot cover, spectacle ect., Formaldehyde is irritant to eye & nose; and it has been recognized as a potential carcinogen. So the fumigating employee must be provided with the personal protective equipments (PPE).
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Fumigation process
 

Step 3: Fumigation Electric Boiler Fumigation Method: For Each 1000 cu.ft 500ml of formaldehyde (40% solution) added in 1000ml of water in an electric boiler. Switch on the boiler, leave the room and seal the door. After 45 minutes (variable depending to volume present in the boils apparatus) switch off the boiler without entering in to the room (Switch off the main from outside).

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Fumigation process
Potassium Permanganate Method: For every 1000 cubic feet add 450gm of Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to 500 ml of formaldehyde (40% solution). Take about 5 to 8 bowels (heat resistant; place it in various locations) with equally divided parts of formaldehyde and add equally divided KMnO4 to each bowel. This will cause auto boiling and generate fume.

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Fumigation process


After the initiation of formaldehyde vapour, immediately leave the room and seal it for at least 48 hours.

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Fumigation process
 

Step 4: Neutralization After the fumigation process neutralize the formaldehyde vapour with ammonia solution. On inspection (or Surgery) day enter the operation theatre at 7 a.m with 150 ml of 10% ammonia (for 500ml of formaldehyde used, i.e., for 1000 cu. ft). Place the ammonia solution in the center of the room and leave it for 3 hours to neutralize the formalin vapour.
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Fumigation process
 

 

Example: Operation Theatre Volume = LBH = 20 15 10 = 3000 cubic feet Formaldehyde required for fumigation = 500 ml for 1000 cubic feet = So 1500 ml of formaldehyde required Ammonia required for neutralization = 150ml of 10% ammonia for 500 ml of formaldehyde = So 450 ml of 10% ammonia required

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Any Questions
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The End.
Thank you.

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