y A branch of

prosthodontics concerned with the replacement or restoration of teeth or, both, by artificial substitutes that are not removable from the mouth.

1.

Abutment

2. Retainer 3. Connector 4. Pontic

Dianne Stephanie M. Fadrigo

RETAINER
It is the artificial crown that is cemented over the abutment tooth.

y Pinlegde Retainer

- is occasionally used as a single restoration, generally to reestablish anterior guidance, in which case only the lingual surface is prepared.

USES: y Retainer for FPD y To splint periodontally compromised tooth

ADVANTAGES:
1.

Disadvantages:

Minimal tooth 1. Has less resistance to structure is lost. distortion. 2. Optimal periodontal 2. It must be executed response is achieved. with greater than average skill and care. 3. Optimal esthetic results 3. Because of the first two can be attained. factors, its application is rather limited.

Indications:
For anterior teeth: 1. The coronal tooth structure is intact or nearly so. 2. Normal coronal form is present. 3. The crown of the tooth has average length r longer. 4. The tooth has average or greater labiolingual thickness in the incisal one-half of the crown. 5. The abutment teeth are in normal alignment or very nearly so.

Contraindications:
When caries or a restoration extends past the normal outline of the preparation. 2. The crown of the tooth exhibits abnormal form or other developmental deffects. 3. The crown of the tooth is so thin labiolingually. 4. Conditions exist that could cause excessive torsional force to be applied to the retainer.
1.

Pamela Rose Manaloto

yIt is a tooth, a portion of tooth,

or that portion of dental implant that serves to support and/or retain a prosthesis.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Healthy/ Ideal Abutment Cantilever Abutments Pier Abutments Tilted Abutment Endodontically treated abutment (depending on the amount of the remaining tooth structure) Periodontically weak teeth Implant abutments

An unrestored vital tooth in its normal anatomic position is considered as an ideal abutment. This Ideal abutment should have all the features like ideal crown root ratio, adequate thickness of enamel and dentin, adequate bone support, absence of periodontal diseases and proper contour of the gingiva.

2. Cantilever Abutment These are abutments present only on one side of the edentulous space capable of taking support.

3. Pier Abutments It is a single tooth with two edentulous spaces on either side. In this case the single tooth will have to act as an abutment for both the edentulous spaces in the Dental Bridge.

4. Tilted Abutment In this abutment, either the design of the prosthesis should be modified or the tilt of the abutment should be corrected.

5. Endodontically treated abutment

(depending on the amount of the remaining tooth structure) If a tooth is properly treated endodontically, it can serve well as an abutment with a post and core foundation for retention and strength.

y 6. Periodontically weak teeth y This abutment cannot take up occlusal load

as effectively as healthy abutment.

y 7. Implant abutments y This abutment is an implant and the design

of the prosthesis should be modified accordingly.

Dianne Mamaid

y parts of a fixed partial

denture (FPD) or splint that join the individual retainers and pontics together. y Usually this is accomplished with rigid connectors

y RRigid Connector

Cast Connector Soldered Connector Loop Connector

y NNon Rigid Connector

Precision type Non precision type

y It can be made by casting, soldering, welding or Loop

Connectors

Cast Connectors
y shaped in wax as part of a multiunit wax pattern. y Cast connectors are convenient and minimize the number

of steps involved in the laboratory fabrication y However, the fit of the individual retainers may be adversely affected because distortion more easily results when a multiunit wax pattern is removed from the die system.

Soldered connectors y involves the use of an intermediate metal alloy whose melting temperature is lower than that of the parent metal

Welding y another method of rigidly joining metal parts. Here the connection is created by melting adjacent surfaces with heat or pressure.

Loop Connectors y Although they are rarely used, loop connectors are sometimes required when an existing diastema is to be maintained in a planned fixed prosthesis.

Indications: when it is not possible to prepare two abutments for an FPD with a common path of insertion In case of grade 1 mobility, where reduction of force is required When inlay is present or indicated Short edentulous span

Precision Type y involves a female part (mortise) prepared within the contour of the retainer and a male part (tenon) attached to the pontic and fitting into the female part

Non-precision type y could be in the form of occlusal rest, subocclusal rest or lingual rest

Jennifer Katherine Su

y An artificial tooth on

fixed partial denture that replaces a missing natural tooth, restores its function, and usually fills the space previously occupied by the clinical crown.

Based on Mucosal Contact 1. Saddle Pontic 2. Ridge lap Pontic 3. Modified ridge lap Pontic 4.Ovate Pontic 5. Bullet-shaped or conical or heart-shaped pontic 6. Spheroidal and modified spheroidal pontic 7. Sanitary or hygienic pontic 8. Modified sanitary or perel pontic or arc-fixed partial denture 9. Articulated pontic

y Based on Material

1. Metal-ceramic Pontic 2. Resin veneered Pontic 3. All metal Pontic

y Based on method of fabrication

1. Custom-made pontic 2. Pre-fabricated pontic

y Based on Mucosal Contact

1. Saddle Pontic y A pontic with a concave gingival surface that overlaps the ridge buccally and ligually. y The gingival surface will not have continuous contact with the ridge instead only the buccal and lingual ends of the gingival surface will contact the tissue.
y Major disadvantage: Difficulty in maintenance. Special

instructions to floss (clean) the gingival surface should be given to the patient. y Generally avoided because they are very difficult to maintain and often leads to inflammation of the tissues in contact.

2. Ridge lap pontic y This pontic resemble natural tooth. y It is designed to adapt closely to the ridge. y It is avoided because it is difficult to maintain and often leads to inflammation of the tissues in contact.

3. Modified ridge lap pontic y Ridge lap pontic evolved from saddle pontic. y Less tissue contact, but difficult to maintain. y Design with a slight buccolingual concavity wherein food entrapment can occur. y Generally, this pontic is avoided because the buccolingual concavity is difficult to clean and maintain. y When the modified ridge lap is further reduced, they are known as lap facings.

4. Ovate Pontic y Used in cases where the residual ridge is defective or incompletely healed. Can also be used in broad and flat ridges. y Designed such that its cervical end extends into the defect of the edentulous ridge. y More aesthetic as it appears to arise from the ridge like a natural tooth. It is said to have evolved from root extended or root tipped pontics.

5. Bullet-shaped or conical or heart-shaped pontic y Has a convex tissue surface, which contacts the tissue at one single point without any pressure. y This pontic is very easy to clean and maintain. y Only disadvantage: poor aesthetics, due to wide embrasures.
y Indication: Replacement of mandibular posterior

teeth where aesthetic is not a major concern.

6. Spheroidal and modified spheroidal pontic y These pontics contact the tissue only at the ridge crest. y They do not have concave gingival surfaces. y They are indicated for cases with reduced inter-arch space, where the pontic should give the appearance of an exaggerated occlusogingival dimension.

7. Sanitary or hygienic pontics y Zero tissue contact y Easy to maintain y Highly unaesthetic y Used only for posterior teeth y The pontic should be at least 3 mm high occlusogingivally and at the same time provide adequate tissue clearance for easy maintenance. y .

y Three common designs can be employed while

fabricating a sanitary pontic They are: a.) Bar sanitary pontics y Have a flat gingival surface that has sufficient gingival clearance. b.) Conventional sanitary or fish belly pontic y The gingival surface is convex both buccolingually and mesiodistally. y Disadvantages: The sizes of the connectors are decreased, hence, the strength of the prosthesis is reduced and the mesial and distal contours of the pontic are difficult to maintain

c.) Modified sanitary or perel pontic or arcfixed partial denture y The gingival surface is to design to be a hyperparaboloid. It is concave mesiodistally and convex buccolingually. y The arch shape increases the size of the connectors and is easier to maintain.

y Bar sanitary pontic, Fish belly or conventional

sanitary pontic and and Modified sanitary pontic

8. Articulated pontics y There are modified pontics with inbuilt connectors. y The pontic is fabricated in two portions that fit on to one another during insertion. Refer split pontic and cross pin-wing connectors.

y Based on Material
1. Metal-ceramic Pontic Advantages: y Aesthetic y Biocompatible y Straightforward procedure Disadvantages: y Difficult to fabricate if the abutment is not metal ceramic. Indications: y Most situations Contraindications: y Long span bridges.

2. Resin veneered Pontic Advantages: y Straightforward procedure y Conventional gold alloy substructure Disadvantages: y Lesser strength compared to all metal pontics y Poor abrasion resistance y Staining at resin metal interface y Permeable to oral fluids y Unaesthetic Indications: y Long-term provisional restoration Contraindications: y Definitive restoration

3. All metal Pontic Advantages: y Strength y Single step procedure Disadvantages: y Permeable to oral fluids y Poor aesthetics Indications: y Mandibular molars especially under high stress y Bruxism Contraindications: y Where aesthetic is more important

y Based on method of fabrication

1. Custom-made pontics y Most commonly used type of pontics. y Fabricate individually for the patient. y A wax pattern is prepared and cast to prepare the pontic. y They offer superior aesthetics and flexibility but the fabrication procedure is tedious compared to prefabricated pontics.

2. Pre-fabricated pontic y They are commercially available as porcelain pontics. y Should be adjusted according the individual requirement. y They are finally reglazed and fit to a metal blacking (usually gold).