Mechanism of Hormone Action

Mechanism of Hormone Action

Receptor Structure

Mechanism of Hormone Action

LH

Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger)

Receptor

Plasma Membrane

Adenylate Cyclase

S-ER
Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria

R C

Protein Kinase A (PKA)

Nucleus

R-ER
Protein

Protein Synthesis (Enzymes) Synthesis

DNA

Mechanism of Hormone Action

LH Receptor

Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger)

G
Plasma Membrane

Adenylate Cyclase
ATP

cAMP

cAMP

S-ER
Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria

R C

Protein Kinase A (PKA)

Nucleus

R-ER
Protein

Protein Synthesis (Enzymes) Synthesis

DNA

Mechanism of Hormone Action

LH Receptor

Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger)

G
Plasma Membrane
cAMP

Adenylate Cyclase
ATP

cAMP

R
Protein Kinase A (PKA)

S-ER
Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria C

(+ PO4)

Histones Nucleus
Protein Synthesis (Enzymes) Synthesis

DNA

R-ER
Protein

mRNA

Mechanism of Hormone Action

LH Receptor

Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger)

G
Plasma Membrane
cAMP

Adenylate Cyclase Testosterone

ATP

cAMP

R
Protein Kinase A (PKA)

S-ER
Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria
Pregnenolone Cholesterol

C (+ PO4)

Histones
Cholesterol

Nucleus

R-ER
Protein

Protein Synthesis (Enzymes) Synthesis

DNA

mRNA

Mechanism of Hormone Action

LH Receptor

Protein Hormones (cAMP second messenger)

G
Plasma Membrane
cAMP

Adenylate Cyclase Testosterone

ATP

cAMP

R
Protein Kinase A (PKA)

S-ER
Steroid Synthesis Mitochondria
Pregnenolone Cholesterol

C (+ PO4)

Histones
Cholesterol

Nucleus

R-ER
Protein

Protein Synthesis (Enzymes) Synthesis

DNA

mRNA

cAMP Second Messenger Hormones

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Placental Hormones

LH, FSH, Prolactin STH, ACTH, TSH HCG,

eCG

Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

GnRH

Plasma Membrane

Receptor

G-protein

PIP2

PLC

Protein Kinase C Ca2+ Secretory Granules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

GnRH

Plasma Membrane

Receptor

G-protein
PLC

PIP2

Protein Kinase C Ca2+ Secretory Granules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

GnRH

Plasma Membrane

Receptor

G-protein
PLC

PIP2

DAG

IP3

Protein Kinase C

Ca2+ Ca2+ Secretory Granules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

Ca2+
GnRH

Plasma Membrane

Receptor

G-protein
PLC

PIP2

DAG

IP3

Protein Kinase C

Ca2+ Ca2+ Secretory Granules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Protein Hormones (Ca2+ Second Messenger)

Ca2+
GnRH

Plasma Membrane

Receptor

G-protein
PLC

PIP2

DAG

IP3

Protein Kinase C

Ca2+ Ca2+ Secretory Granules

Endoplasmic Reticulum Fusion Plasma Membrane LH

Calcium Second Messenger Hormones

GnRH

triggers triggers

release of LH in anterior pituitary

Oxytocin PGF2

contractions of smooth muscle

triggers apoptosis of cell inhibition of progesterone

synthesis

Steroid Hormone Action

Steroid (estrogen)

Cell Membrane Diffusion?

Change in Cell Physiology Nucleus New Protein R-ER

Protein synthesis

Cytoplasm

Receptor DNA mRNA

Steroid Hormone Mechanism

Estradiol Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone Cortisol

Hypothalamus

Neuro-secretory Cells Polypeptides

Feedback Loops
-

Releasing Hormones
Portal Vein

Anterior Pituitary

Gonadotropins: FSH, LH Proteins

Blood Stream

Gonads Receptor on Cell Surface Cyclic AMP inside cell Steroid Hormone Production

[ Why only effects on ] target organs

Testosterone Estradiol Progesterone

Blood Stream

Bound to Protein

Endocrine Feedback Loops

Negative

gonadal

Positive

Testosterone, Progesterone, Protein hormones inhibin

steriods

Estradiol

Gonadal

estradiol

steroids