KANCHANARA

Bauhinia variegata

HISTORY :
VEDIC PERIOD:

-Kovidara is the original name of kanchanara during vedic and samhita period. -In vedic literatures references of kovidara flowers are seen in ayodhyakanda,sundara kanda,yuddakanda of valmiki ramayana. -In harivamsa kovidara is described as a tree with beautiful flowers. -Vedic literature considers it's stem as forbidden for rituals. -The rig veda dates back to BC 1500 in the vedic period.Much preference was given to daiva vyapasraya chikitsa than yukti vyapasraya chikitsa.
SAMHITA PERIOD:

-It's utility is relatively less in the brihat trayi period when compared to nigantu period. Charaka samhita: -kovidara was mentioned in vamanapoga desaimani,in sutrastana. -kovidara and karbudhara are described in samhitas and chakrapani quoted that kovidara and karbudara flowering occurs in sarat rutu and vasanta rutu respectively. Susruta samhita: -kovidara was mentioned in kashaya varga and urdwa bhagaharagana. -Tender leaves of kovidara are used in raktapitta chikitsa. -In kalpastana devakanchanara was mentioned for sarpa visha chikitsa.He also prescribed kovidara flowers for internal hemorrhage. -Dalhana treated karbudhara as a variety of kanchanara or slesmataka.

-karbhudara i.e kanchanara(Bauhinia variegata) and kovidara of later texts-its tender leaves and flowers are used as vegetables. Astanga hrudaya: -Root powder of kovidara was mentioned for arsha chikitsa. -Kovidara picchabasti was used for rectal prolapse. -The decotion of kovidara flowers are indicated in diseases like fever,anoerexia,goitre,malignant tumours and enlargement of abdomen.

Sarangadara samhita:
Sarangadara mentioned some of its preparations like kanchanara guggulu and indicated in disease like apachi,grandhi,gulma,kushta etc.. NIGANTU PERIOD: -Dhanvantari nigantu,raja nigantu,bhavaprakasa nigantu,kaiyadeva nigantu described in detail about the guna karmas of kanchanara but with slight differences. Dhanvantari nigantu: -Svetapushpa was said as kanchanara and rakta pushpa as kovidara. Bhavaprakasa nigantu: -Bhavamisra has described this in guduchyadivarga and given the description of kanchanara and kovidara seperately but attributed some properties to them. MODERN PERIOD: -Kanchanara finds a place in many books ritten by great authors of this period with the advancement of technology.Botanists studied the chemical nature of the various compounds present in the drug. -Ayurveda acharya of 20th century yadavji trikamji viswanath dwivedi priyavarat sharma etc.. has discussed this drug in detail in different books. -In modern era kanchanara is not only used for therapeutic purposes but also for various domestic purposes. -Not only ayurveda but also allopathic,unani,siddha systems of medicine are using either the raw drug or it's extracts for various

therapeutic purposes. History speaks for kanchanara as a drug with good medicinal value.

SYNONYMS:
kanchanara kovidosa karbudara-caraka,susruta,vagbhata. kanchanara kovidara yugampatra kundali-nigantu adarsha kanchanara koliyasha kanchanaka bramarestra manohara-kaidevara nigantu kanchanara asmantaka gandari kanchanaka kovidara kuddala kundali marika sonapushpaka svalpakesari tamrapushpa yugapatrak-bhava prakasha nigantu kanchanar karbudar kanchanaka gandari

shonapushpaka-gunaratnamala.

VERNACULAR NAMES:Almora:----keorab Bengal-----raktakanchan,kanchan,safedkanchan,devakanchan,koiral, kool Bombay----asundro,atmatti,deva kunchun,kanarij,ragtakanchan. Burma------mahahloegoe-ni,bwaycheng,bwechin, Canarese--arisinantige,ayata,kempukanjivala,kenpumandara, kanjivala, kempukanjivala,mandaravlipe Dehradun---khairwal,kanchar, English------mountain ebony,buddhist bauhinia,camel's foot tree, orchid tree, wild champak. French-------arbede st.thomas,bauhinie banachwe Gujarati------champakati, kovidara, asundro, piloasundro Garhwal------guira Hindi------kanchanar,kanchanal,goriaava,khairwal,khwairal,barial, gurial,gwiar,kandan,kuril,kaniar,koliar, Kannada------kanchavala,bilimandar,ulipe,kempumandara,ayata, kanjivala,karalabhogi, Kolami-----buruju,singya Konkani-----kudo,tembre,kanchan,kotra,kanchanal,chamal Marathi-----kanchanar,koral,kanchan,raktakanchan,chamol,kanaraj, kovidara,aptu,chan,pivalakonchan.atmatti,deva kanchana, Malayalam-----chuvannamandaram,mandaramu,kovidara, malayakatti,kenjanam,kattatti, Nepal------taki,koirala,khwairalo,tangki Oriya------borada,kosonara,kenjpni,rongakonjono,debokanjoro Punjabi------kanchanal,kularh,kovidara,kolar,koiral,karalli Sanskrit-----ashantaka,asphota,chamari,chamarika,champavidala, gandari,girija,kanakaprabha,kanchanala,kanchanaraka, kanchanarah,kovidarah,kantar,karaka,karbudara,kovidara, kuddali,kuddara,kuli,kundali,mahapushpa,pakari, raktakanchana,raktapushpa,shonapushpaka,suvarnara, svalpakesara,tamrapushpa,udalaka,yamalachada,yugapatraka, yogmapatra Tamil------segapumanchori,mandarai.segapemunthari,shemmandarai, segappumandarai,tiruvatti,kattatti,usamaduri,iruvaji,

kanjanikattumandarai,siruvatti Telugu------devakanchanamu,boodantham,bodanta,kanjanamu, mandara,adavimandara,peddare Urdu--------kachnal

CLASSIFICATION:
Kingdom--------------plantae-plants sub-kingdom ------- trachembionta- vascular plants . Super division------spermatophyte- flowering plants . Division---------------magnoliophyta- dicotyledons. Class-------------------magnoliopsida. Sub class----------- rosidae. Order---------------- roseales. Family---------------fabaceae Sub family ---------caesalpinaceae. Genus- ---------------bauhinia. Species- -------------variegata.L. Botanical name- Bauhinia variegata linn.

Gana,varga and kula:

Gana:Caraka-vamanopaga Susruta-urdhvabhagahara Varga:Many authors included kanchanara under guduchyadi varga Caraka-kovidara varga Susruta-kashaya varga Dhanvantari nigantu-guduchyadi varga Bhavaprakasa nigantu-guduchyadi varga Gunaratnamala-guduchyadi varga Rajanigantu-karaviradi varga Kaiyadevara nigantu-oushadi varga Nigantu adarsha-kovidara varga,putikaranjadi varga

Kula:It is included in kantaki karanja --- Indian medicinal plants

Bauhinia variegata.
Botanical description: -Botanically raktakanchanara is identified as Bauhinia variegata linn and is a member of caesalpinaceae family. -Bauhinia which is a large genus belongs to caesalpinaceous sub family under which 250 species have been described. -In india the family is represented by 16genera . -In bauhinia about 15 species occur in india. Morphology: Distribution: -Distributed throughout india in areas about 1800 metres in elevation. - It is also distributedthrough out tropical regions of the world. Habitat: -Distributed in punjab, central and south india, assam, sikkim,chotanagpur,western peninsula, kumaon pakisthan,nepal,bhutan,burma,myanmar and china. -It occurs in tropical regions and found throughout india. -It is found wild in sub himalayan tract and outer himalayas upto 1300 metres. Habit: -A medium sized deciduous tree ascending to an altitude of 1300 metres in himalayas . -Found in deciduous forests. -Also grown as ornamental tree for its beautiful appearance in

flowers. Bark: -Gray with longitudinal cracks, pale pink inside. -Wood moderately hard. -Grayish brown with irregular darker patches. Leaves: -Leaves are 10-15 cm long, petiolate divide into2 lobes. -Base is usually deeply cordate, 11-15 nerved. - Leaflets 11-13 cm, adnate to about 2/3rds up, ovate- oblong or rounded , nerves 11 from base, transverse nervules. -Prominent, connate for about 2/3rds up, leaflets ovate, rounded apex, upper side glabous. Flowers: -White/pink , large, fragrant . -The uppermost petal darker and variegated usually appearing before the leaves in short axillary or terminal racemes. - Pedicels short or sessile.calyx. -Grey tomentose,tube slender 1.3 to2.5 cm long,limb spathaceous, as long as the tube 5toothed at the apex. -Calyx pulsescent outside. -Petals. 5-6.3 cm longobvate or oblanceolate with long rather broad claws, all white or 4petals pale purple and the 5 th darker with dark purple veins. stamens. 5 fertile , rarely less, staminodes absent. -B.purpurea- usually 3fertile stamens, so easily differentiated from B. variegata. B.purpurea- stigma large, oblique. Fruit: -15-20 /1.2 cm flat , hard dehiscent, dark brown pod glabous. 1015 seeded.

Histological studies of B.V:

STEM: Macroscopic characters:. -A freshly cut bark is grayish brown externally and cream colored

internally. -The internal surface however gradually turns red and on drying becomes brown and smooth. -The extra surface remains grayish brown and rough dueto large number of exfoliation and transverse cracks and fissures . -A few longitudinal ridges are also seen here and there. -On drying thebark becomes curved and channeled. The fracture is short outside and fibrous within. Microscopic characters: -The mature stem shows 5-12 layers of cork cells followed by a poorly developed cortex. -A few fibres and stone cells are dispersed in the cortical region. -The peri cycle is represented by a composite ring of fibres and stone cells. -The secondary phloem is wide zone composed of strands of fibres, the soft elements and a few stone cells.phloem fibres are comparatively narrower than the peri cyclic fibres.cambium is represented by 8-14 layers of cells. -The secondary xylem is representedby a comparatively wide zone consisting of vessels, trachids, fibres and xylem parenchyma is traversed by mostly uniserate and a few biseriate medullary rays -The vessels are usually cylindrical drum shaped. -Trachids have tappering blunt ends and show bordered pits on their walls. -Xylem fibres are wider than the phloem fibres and vary in shape and size. -Xylem parenchyma are thick walled , rectangular to irregularly elongated. -The pitch cells are slightly thick walled, circularto polygonal with simple pits on their walls. - The parenchyma of the cortex and pith contains prismatic and a few cluster of crystals of calcium oxalate while the inner most layer of cortex and medullary ray cells contain only prismatic crystals. -Simple starch grains and tannins are present in the cortex pith and medullary rays of the phloem and sterol is filled in some of the cells of the cortex and pith.

substitutes and adulterants: Bauhinia purpurea, Bauhinia tormentosa, Bauhinia racemosa are used as substitutes and adulterants. Varieties: B.purpurea, B.tomentosa.

Bauhinia purpurea
Synonyms:Asphotala, Kovidasa, Kundali, Kuli, Kuddala, Chamarika, Uddala, Swalpa kesara, Asmantaka, Marika, Tamrapuspa, Yugapatraka, Kumbara, Mahayamalapatraka Vernacular names:Sanskrit-----kovidara,raktapushpakovidara,vanara. Tamil-------kalavilaichi,mandara,nilattiruvatti,segappumandarai. Telugu------bodanta,devakanjanamu,peddare. Hindi-------baidal,kaliar,kandan,kaniar,koilari,koinar,sona khairwal. Bombay----atmatti,devakunchun,rayta kanchan. Distribution:-

-Sub-himalayan tracts upto 4000 feet. -Assam,khasi hills, chittagong,western peninsula. -It is often cultivated sparingly throughout india. Often cultivated in china. Description:-A medium sized deciduous tree, bark is ashy dark to brown,nearly smooth,young parts brown-pubescent. -Leaves 0.75-1.5 cm long,rather longer than broad,cleft about halfway down into 2 acute or rounded lobes very minutely pubescent beneath. when young base usually cordate,911nerved,petiole 2.5-3.8 cm long. -Flowers: large, rosy purple, in few flowered terminal, brown tomentosepanicles. -Pedicels:5-13mmlong,stoout,tomentose,tube7-510mmlong,oblanceolate, long clawed, spreading veined. -Stamens usually 3 fertile, the others reduced to antherless filaments ,stigma-large, oblique. -Ovary-downy, long stalked, style-long -Flowers in september-november -Pod15-25 by 1.5-2cm on a tomentose, stipe 1.5-2.5cm long, linear, flat, pointed, greenish tinged with purple till ripe, late in dehiscing. -Seeds:12-15,sub orbicular,flattened,1.3cm diametre, dark brown and smooth. -The root is carminative.the bark acts as an astringent in diarrhoea. -Its decotion is recommended as a useful wash in ulcers. -The flowers are laxative. -The bark or root and flowers mixed with rice water are used as a maturant for boils and _bscesses. Chemical elements:-Pelargonidin-3-glucoside&pelargonidin-3-triglucoside are isolated from flowers. -A new chalone-butein-4-o-L-arabinopyranosyl-o-beta-Dgalactoside(I) is isolated and _haracterized.

Guna karma: -Kashaya and sangrahya, vranaropan. Kovidasa. Indications:-Gandamala, destroys kushta, kesha, gudabramsha.

Bauhinia tomentosa
Vernacular names: Sanskrit----phalgu. Hindi- -----kachanar. Telugu----- adavimandaramu,kanjini. Tamil----- kattaki,kanjani. Habitat: -United provinces and throughout india to sri lanka. -In dry forests from the chilka lake to tinnevelly and in other parts of india it is often cultivated. Description: -Shrub. 6 to 12 feet. -Leaves- ovate, roundish at the base. under surface villous as well as the petioles, branches ,peduncles and calyx. -Leaflets connected beyond the middle oval obtuse three nerved. -Peduncle- two flowered leaf opposed pedicels each with three bracteoles at the base. - Stamens - all are fertile. -Calyx- spathaceous.5 toothed. Petals-oval. -Legumes-flat,lanceolate. 5 to 6seeded flowers large pale yellow colour. -One petal usually within a dark purple spot inside. flowering- july to august.

Medicinal uses: -Administration of dried leaves and young flowers in descentric infections. -A decotion of fruit bark is given in cases of lives and phlegmatic complaints and also as a vermifuge. -Bruised bark is occasionally applied to tumors and wounds.seeds are eaten and are said to be tonic and aphrodisiac. -Fruits are diuretic. -The seed paste with vinegar is an efficacaceous application to wounds inflicted by poisonous animals. -The plant is anti-dysentric and anti-helminthic. -The infusion is an useful gargle in apthae. PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA: -Phyto-chemical studies reveal the presence of quercitroside, isoquercitroside andrutoside, myricetorl glycosides in seeds. -Quercetol glycosides were also present in Bauhinia variegata seeds. -Kaempeferol glycosides in flowers. -5,7-dihydroxy and dihydroxy flavonone-4-O-alpha-L rhamnopyronosgl beta-Dglucopyronoside,5-hydroxy7,3,4,5tetramethox,flavone-5-O-beta-D-xylopyronosyl(1<2),alpha-Lrhamnopyroanoside,lupeol,beta-cytosterol,quercertin,flovoanone and dihydrodibenzoxepin. -Stem bark of Bauhinia variegata yielded betasitosterol,kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyronoside and lupuol5,7dimethoxy flavenone,4-O-alpha-L-rhamno pyronosyl-beta-glucoglucopyronoside from the benzene extract. -Phytochemical analysis of root bark of Bauhinia variegata yielded a new flavavone(2s)-5,7-dimethoxy-3'4'methyl-enedioxyflavavone and a new dihydrodibenzoxepin,5,6-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethoxy-2methyl dibenzene(b) oxepin together with 3 known flavonoids.

-The structure of new compounds are determined on the basis of spectral studies. -Proteins ranged from 24.5%--41.65%,carbohydrates ranges from 9.91%--19.92%,lipids contain 3.92%--11.40%. -Seed oil of fatty component i.e Bauhinia variegata seed oil contain palmitic 20.5%,steric acid 12%,oleic acid 12.5% and linolenic acid 35.4%. -Betasitisterol,lupeol,5,7-dimethoxy flavanone etc.. are isolated from the stem of Bauhinia variegata. ----Ref...... Plant medica, Plant medica phytother.

CULTIVATION:
-The ornamental plant is propagated with seeds,stem planting and branch cutting. Seeds are sown in march-april. -The seedlings are then transplanted in july-august. -Their germination require onset of monsoon. -Invitro regeneration of B.V. Was reported in nodal explants from mature trees. - Optimal shooting was obtained on MS media supplemented with 13.3 micro metre IBA within 15-20days. -Single shoots with 3-4 nodes initiates rooting when transferred to MS medium with 4.9micro metre IBA within 45 days. Ref--- Data base.

COLLECTION:
-Flowers- vasantha rutu-B.variegata. Ref---Gunaratnamala. -Flowering-february-april. -Fruiting-may and june-B.variegata. Ref--- Data base. -Flowers-september to november- B. purpurea Ref---- Susruta samhita, Sarat rutu.

Ref----Gunaratnamala. -Flower----july to august--B.tomentosa. Ref-ayurvedic useful plants of india.

USEFUL PARTS: -Bark, roots, gum, seeds, buds, flowers, leaves. -Root, bark, flower.... Ref...Nigantu adarsha. -Stem bark, root, f lower, flower buds, gum, leaf, fruit Ref...Database on medicinal plants. -Root, bark. Ref...Handbook of medicinal plants. -Bark,root,buds,gum,leaves,seed,flowers. Ref... Ayurveda encyclopedia. DOSAGE: Twakchurnam-4 grams Pushpachurnam-2 grams Decotion-50 to 100 ml Ref.... classical uses of medicinal plants. Stem bark powder-3 to 6 grams. Decotion-40 to 80 ml. Flower juice - 10 to 20 ml. Flower juice for decotion-20 to 30 ml. Ref....Data base on medicinal plants.

Kanchanara guggulu-1/2 Tula. Ref...Indian plants and drugs. Bark powder-2 to 4 masha. Pushpa powder-1 to 2 masha. Ref..Bhavaprakasa nigantu. Anupanam: honey and water.

RASAPANCHAKA: Rasa-kashaya flower-madhura. Ref...(Su.s, K.N, ,N.R) Guna-Laghu,ruksha flower-Guru Ref.(Ca.s, K.N) virya-seets vipaka-katu flower-madhura Ref(Su.s, K.N) prabhava- Gandamalahara. RASAPANCHAKA ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AUTHORS:
Dhanvant ari Nigantu RASA Madhura Kashaya VEERYA Seeta VIPAKA Madhura Katu --+ --------------Raja Niagantu ---+ ------------Kaiyadeva ra Nigantu + (flower) + + (flower) + (flower) ---Bhavaprak asa Nigantu ----+ + ------Nigantu adarsa -----+ + -----+ Nigantu Ratnakara ----+ + (flower) ----------

GUNA Seeta Laghu Guru ruksha

Susruta samhita

Kaiyadevara Nigantu + + +

Bhavaprakasa NIgantu

Gunaratnamal a +

KARMA: Raktapittahara,kaphapittahara,gandamalahara,vranaropana,vran asodhana,kustagana,sthambana,sara,deepana,grahi,vishaharan,g udabramsaharan,malaraodak,balyam,ruchyam. Ref....Bhavaprakasa nigantu. Flowers-ruchyam. Bark-balyam,grahi,rasayanam. Ref...kaiyadevara nigantu. TABLE SHOWING KARMAS OF KANCHANARA:
KARMA Vata Pitta Kapha Raktapitta Balya Rasayana Grahi Vranaropa na Vranasodh ana Malarodak Deepana Dhanvant ari Nigantu Raja NIgantu Kaiyadev ara Nigantu Bhavaprak asa Nigantu + + + + + + + Nigantu Adarsha NIgantu Ratnakar a +

+ + + + +

Sara Gandamala Gudabrams ha

+ +

INDICATIONS: -Krimi -Raktapittam -Mutrakruchra -Gandamala -Vrana -Kusta -Masurika -Charmarogas -Pradara -Svasa -Kasa -Arsas -Raktavikaras -Kshaya -Kota -Atisara -Pravahika -Prameha -Medoroga -Gudabramsa -Rakta atisara -Apachi -Mukapaka.

AMAYIKA PRAYOGAS: -Gandamala-external application of bark paste. -Guggulu combines well with kanchanara in treating glandular swellings like cervical lymphadenitis and inflamed lymph glands in general. -In these cases kanchanara due to kashaya rasa dries up kapha and meda where as guggulu digest and scrapes them. -Gudabhramsha-kwath is used as parisheka. vrana andCharmarogas.-kwath is used for cleaning and washing. -Stomatitis-decotion of kanchanara skin ,pomegranate flowers,pods of babbula is an effective gargle. -Diabetic wounds-diabetic wounds respond well when washed with decotion. -Asthikshaya-decotion of bark with ginger taken internally is said to be solutary. -Tuberculosis-bark emulsified with rice water and ginger. -Tuberculosis tumours-bark and ginger paste application. -Snake bite-fresh seeds are made into paste with vinegar and applied externally to the part bitten. -Dyspepsia and flatulence-decotion of fruit is used. -Cough,bleeding piles,hematuria,menorrhagia-decotion of buds. -Thyroid problems-bark powder is used. -To promote suppuration-thebark,flowers or roots triburated in rice water as an ectoplasm. Salivation and sore throat-gargle made from the bark with the

addition of extract of acacia pods and pomegranate flowers. -Decotion of its flowers with honey helps in regularising menstrual cycles. -Dried leaves,buds,young flowers are pescribed in dysentry. -Root decotion is useful in indigestion,heart burn,malaria. -Flower with sugar is a gentle laxative. -It is traditionally used in bronchitis,leprosy,tumours,ulcers and it's extracts have been found to have anti-bacterial and antifungal activity. -Leaves contain vitamin C and they are rich in reducing sugar.

Visista yogas:
Amruta ghrutam Chandanadi tailam Deva kanchana twakchurnam Karbudaradi kashayam Kanchanara varuna kwatam Kanchanara kalkam Kanchanara guggulu Kanchanara churnam Koshaataki kovidara lehyam Madanaphaladi kashayam Punarnava ksheerapaakam Simsupa kovidara kashayam Triphala kovidara kashayam Ref.. ----- Charaka samhita, Susruta samhita , Astanga hrudaya & Bhaisajya ratnavali Asava and arista-usirasava,Candanasava,Vidangorista Bhasma-kanchanara dhrava Rrasayoga-gandamala kandama rasa Ref. Data base

RESEARCH: -Plant was found to have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-helminthetic, anti-microbial, amphetamine, hyperactivity, hypothermic activities, hemoprevention, cytotoxic effect. -It is found due to its potency septic activity.it controls internal bleeding from intestines in raktapitta. -It is also an anti-fat remedy and therefore valuable for corpulent persons. Anti-tumour activity: -The anti-tumour activity of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata has been evaluated against dalton's ascitic lymphoma in swiss albino mice. Chemoprevention and cytotoxic effect: chemoprevention and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata was evaluated in N-nitrosodiethylamine(200mg/kg) induced experimental liver tumour in rats and human cancer cell lines. serine protease inhibitor: -In this report the properties of two highly homologous inhibitors respectively isolated for Bauhinia variegata and Bauhinia urgulate seeds both inactivate plasma kallikreina. -Bark decotion of Bauhinia variegata inhibited the activities of protopectinase and polygalacturonase.The decotion inhibiting the enzyme activity show the presence of tannins or phenolic

compounds in their tissues. Anti-microbial activity: -The anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of total seed proteins,globulins,albumins,frations of albumins,lectins of Bauhinia variegata were investigated. -Ethanol extracts and globulins of different species have no antimicrobial activiy. -The alchoholic extract showed CNS activity. -The clinical studies have revealed that preparation of stem bark of kanchanara enhance the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs used in cases of tubercular cervical lymphadenitis.

REFERENCES: Charaka samhita. Susruta samhita. Compendium of indian medicinal plants. Indian plants and drugs. Indian medicinal plants forgotten healers. Ayurvedic useful plants of india -C.H.DHURY. Indigenous drugs of india-CHOPRA. Nigantu adarsa. Kaidevara nigantu. Ayurvedokta aoushadniruktimala. Gunaratnamala Dhanvantari nigantu. Bhavaprakasha nigantu. JLN sastry. Glossary of vegetable drugs in brihattrayi. Ayurvedokta Aoushad Nirukthamala. Medicinal plants of india. Data base on medicinal plants used in ayurveda and siddha. Materia medica and herbal pharmacology. A handbook of medicinal plants. The ayurvedic system of Indian medicine. Indigenous drugs of india.

NIRUKTI: KANCHANARA

Its flowers are golden yellow in colour therefore called kanchanar.

RefAyurvedoktha Aoushad Niruktimala.

 It will have smooth and beautiful bark. Ref.Nigantu Adarsha. : It has copper or red colored flowers. : Its leaves are bifid. : Its stamens are very few in number. Its flower resembles the shape of kundali. It effectively cures lymph node disorders or swellings. Ref.Ayurvedokta Aoushad Niruktimala. It germinates forcefully piercing through the soil.

RefAmarakosa. It germinates by forcefully piercing the soil. Ref Banoji Deshit Vyakayaya.

KANCHANARA

- Bauhinia variegata