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Contents
Introduction Facies Modeling of Carbonates Fracture Characterization of Carbonates
Rawa Ramba Kampung KajiKrisna Baru Bima Semoga Bawean KLY Air Serdang Kangean Krisna Poleng Rama Ujung Pangkah
Klamono
92%
8%
Basin
North Sumatra Basin South Sumatra Basin
Formation
Arun Limestone Batu Raja
Age
Early Miocene Lower Miocene
Sunda East Natuna/Sarawak Basin Kutai Basin Tarakan Basin East Java Basin Seram East Sengkang Basin Salawati Basin
Batu Raja Natuna D-Alpha block Serang Vanda Ngimbang Kujung Manusela
Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Mid - Late Miocene Late Miocene Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Mid-Upper Miocene Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Early-Middle Jurassic Lower Miocene Miocene
60 Carbonate Fields
Tacipi Limestone Kampung Baru, Walanga, Sampi Sampi Kais, Textularia II, "U" marker Kasim, Walio Cendrawasih, Moi, Jaya, Kais Klamono, Linda, Sele, Salawati A,C,D,E,F&N Arar, Klalin, Kasim Utara, Kasim Barat
Ba
j Ra tu
rb Ca a
Facies Modeling-Workflow
Facies Modeling
3D Modeling
Image Facies
More Definite Reasonable Vertical Distribution
Electro Facies
Less Definite Wide Vertical Distribution Result depends on Log Availability
Seis Facies
Least Definite Wide Aerialal Distribution Limited Vertical Resolution Results depend On data quality
Pixel Based
Works well with good quality Seismic Data & Good Well Density
Object Based
Works best With Knowledge of Paleo-geography & Paleo-environment
3D Facies Model
Object Trend
Data Analysis
Variogram Analysis
Facies Modeling
Object Based
Q/C
Reef Geometry
SUMMARY Developed 3D Facies Model captures the Field Carbonate Geology. The 3D Facies Model becomes the basis of modeling other reservoir properties.
Definition : Naturally Fractured Reservoirs are defined as formations in which the fracture permeability substantially enhances productivity.
A fracture is a commonest type of geological structures and may be seen in any rock exposures. There are two kinds of fracture: (a) Joint : no displacement, or displacement is too small to be visible. (b) Fault : has measurable displacement across the fracture plane
A Breccia Clasts B Breccia Matrix C Open Fractures D Healed Fracture E Fractures filled with breccia material Core from Oseil-1 (Ref IPA 2002)
Fracture number
400
E = ca. 20 GPa
Quartzite
Sst.
100
Dolomite
Limestone
Ductile Lithology
Brittle
Fracture toughness is regarded as being the opposite of Rock strength: A weak/ soft rock accomadate more strain before fracturing. Youngs Modulus (E) is related to capability of storage of strain energy.
Recovery Factor
Gas Cap Oil Column Water Fractures
http://www.world-stress-map.org/
Fracture Modeling Input Data Ant Tracking Fault from 3D Cube Tadpole Rose Diagram Create DFN Create Fracture Property
Upscale Fracture Property Volumetric Estimation
Stereo Net Analysis Display & Analysis Create Intensity Log Model Intensity Log Create DFN Create Fracture Property Upscale Fracture Property 3D Display Well Section
Uncertainty Analysis
Tadpole Fracture
Fracture
Quantitative Tool
Qualitative Tool
Shallow Penetration
Deeper Penetration
Rose diagram showing dip azimuth Rose diagram showing dip azimuth Intensity log Tadpole Fracture Intensity from Image FractureLog Intensity Log
Tadpole
Fracture log
Tadpole Helps to understand fracture Intensity and orientation. Rose Diagram helps to understand fracture orientation and sets. Stereo-net helps to understand fracture dip angle and azimuth.
Field-X
Aerial Distribution of Rose Diagrams brings out the Imprint of Different Tectonic Events Clearly
Upscaling
Modeling
Orientation
Distribution
Geometry
Fracture Length
Analysis of DFN
Stereonet Display
Output
Fracture Porosity Permeability Tensors (I, j & k directions) Sigma Factor (connectivity between fractures and matrix)
Examples
Jatibarang fractured basement, East Java (Operator : Pertamina) Pase A Gas Field, Pase PSC, North Sumatra (Operator : Mobil Oil Indonesia) Darajat Field (Operator : Amoseas Indonesia Inc) Oseil Oil Field, Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia (Operator : KUFPEC). Kasim, Jaya, Kasim Utara, Cendrawasih, Moi, Arae fields, Salawati Basin, Irian Jaya.
25 my
20
my
Talang Akar
Syn Rift/Drift (Normal Fault)
Plate Tectonic Reconstruction of Sumatra & Java of Indonesia showing the active Syn Rift/Drift Phase (Likely Fracture Orientation NW-SE)
12
my
09my
Structural Inversion
Strike Slip Movement + Collision + Plate rotation Reverse & Strike Slip faults
Plate Tectonic Reconstruction of Sumatra & Java of Indonesia showing the active Strike Slip Movement due to Plate Rotation and the Collision Phase (Likely Fracture Orientation N-S to NE-SW and NW-SE)
Image Log
High Quality 3D Seismic Data with acquisition optimized for Target Reservoir
Completion
Fracturing might be necessary to Enhance Fractures