PETE 625 Well Control

Lesson 1 Introduction

Contents
Introduction to course Basic Concepts Liquid Hydrostatics Multimedia Lesson 2. Well Control
Network Places - juvkam-wold2 multimedia Lesson 2

Read: Watson, Chap. 1

Catalog Description
PETE 625. Well Control. (3.0). Credit 3. Theory of pressure control in drilling operations and during well kicks; abnormal pressure detection and fracture gradient determination; casing setting depth selection and advanced casing design; theory supplemented on well control simulators. Prerequisite: PETE 411
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Textbook
Advanced Well Control, by David Watson, Terry Brittenham and Preston Moore. SPE Textbook Series, 2003 Class Notes and Homework Assignments can be found at: http//pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert
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References Well Control

Kicks and Blowout Control, by Neal Adams and Larry Kuhlman. 2nd Editions. PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, 1994. Blowout Prevention, by W.C. Goins, Jr. and Riley Sheffield. Practical Drilling Technology, Volume 1, 2nd Edition. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1983. Advanced Blowout and Well Control, by Robert D. Grace. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1994. IADC Deepwater Well Control Guidelines, Published by the International Association of Drilling Contractors, Houston, TX, 1998. Guide to Blowout Prevention, WCS Well Control School, Harvey, LA, 2000.
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References - General
Applied Drilling Engineering, by Adam T. Bourgoyne Jr., Martin E. Chenevert, Keith K. Millheim and F.S. Young Jr., Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, 1991. Drilling Engineering, A complete Well Planning Approach, by Neal Adams and Tommie Carrier. PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, 1985 Practical Well Planning and Drilling Manual, by Steve Devereux. PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, 1998.

Grading
Homework Quiz A Quiz B Project Quiz C 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

See Next Slide for Details

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Important Dates (tentative)

QUIZ A - Week of October 11 QUIZ B - Week of November 29 Project Presentations: November 29 Week of

Quiz C - When ever WCS simulator is complete

Your Instructor
Name: Office: Phone: e-mail: Jerome J. Schubert 501K Richardson 862-1195 jschubert@tamu.edu

Office Hours: TR 10:00 11:30 am

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Schedule
Week 1 Weeks 2&3 Weeks 4&5 Week 6 Weeks 7&8 Week 9
Introduction, Gas Behavior, Fluid Hydrostactics (Ch. 1) Pore Pressure Fracture Pressure SPE ATCE - Houston Kick Detection and Control Methods (Ch. 4) Well Control Complications, Special Applications (Ch. 5&6)
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(Ch. 2) (Ch. 3)

Schedule contd
Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15
Well Control Equipment Offshore Operations Snubbing & Stripping Blowout Control (Ch. 7) (Ch. 8) (Ch. 9) (Ch. 10)

Casing Seat Selection (Ch. 11) Circ. Press. Losses (Appendix A) Surge & Swab Press. (Appendix B) Project Presentations
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Definitions
What is a Kick?
An unscheduled entry of formation fluids into the wellbore of sufficient quantity to require shutting in the well

What is a Blowout?
Loss of control of a kick
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Why does a kick occur?

Pressure in the wellbore is less than the pressure in the formation Permeability of the formation is great enough to allow flow A fluid that can flow is present in the formation
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How do we prevent kicks?

We must maintain the pressure in the wellbore greater than formation pressure But, We must not allow the pressure in the wellbore to exceed the fracture pressure This is done by controlling the HSP of the drilling fluid, and isolating weak formations with casing
HSP = HydroStatic Pressure
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Hydrostatic Pressure, HSP

HSP = 0.052 * MW * TVD
HSP = Hydrostatic Pressure, psi MW = Mud Weight (density), ppg TVD = Total Vertical Depth, ft
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HSP
10 ppg mud

TVD

HSP

HSP

HSP
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Problem # 1
Derive the HSP equation Calculate the HSP for each of the following:
10,000 ft of 12.0 ppg mud 12,000 ft of 10.5 ppg mud 15,000 ft of 15.0 ppg mud
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Solution to Problem # 1
Consider a column of fluid:
Cross-sectional area = 1 sq.ft. Height = TVD ft Density = MW

Weight of the fluid = Vol * Density

= 1 * 1 * TVD ft * 62.4 lb/ ft * MW ppg/8.33 = 62.4 / 8.33 * MW * TVD
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Solution, cont.
This weight is equally distributed over an area of 1 sq.ft. or 144 sq.in. Therefore, Pressure = Weight / area = 62.4 MW * TVD/(8.33*144) HSP = 0.052 * MW * TVD
W

F = PA
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Solution, cont.
HSP = 0.052 * MW * TVD
HSP1 = 0.052 * 12 * 10,000 = 6,240 psi HSP2 = 0.052 * 10.5 * 12,000 = 6,552 psi HSP3 = 0.052 * 15.0 * 15,000 = 11,700 psi
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Terminology
Pressure Pressure gradient Formation pressure (Pore) Overburden pressure Fracture pressure Pump pressure (system pressure loss) SPP, KRP, Slow circulating pressure, kill rate pressure Surge & swab pressure SIDPP & SICP BHP

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U-Tube Concept
400 600 400 600

HSP = 5,200 psi

HSP = 5,200 psi Mud HSP =4,800 psi Influx HSP =200 psi

Mud HSP =4,800 psi

Influx HSP =200 psi

5,600

5,600

5,600

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More Terminology
Capacity of:
casing hole drillpipe

Rig Pumps
Duplex pump Triplex pump

KWM, kill weight mud Fluid Weight up

Annular capacity Displacement of:

Drillpipe Drill collars

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Problem # 2
Calculate the mud gradient for 15.0 ppg mud G15 = 0.052 * MW = 0.052 * 15 = 0.780 psi/ft Calculate the HSP of 15,000 of 15 ppg mud HSP = 0.780 * 15,000 = 11,700 psi
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Problem # 3
The top 6,000 ft in a wellbore is filled with fresh water, the next 8,000 with 11 ppg mud, and the bottom 16,000 ft is filled with 16 ppg mud. (i) What is the BHP? (ii) What is the pressure 1/2 way to bottom? (iii) Plot the mud density vs. depth (iv) Plot the mud gradient vs. depth (v) Plot the pressure vs. depth
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Problem # 3 solution
(i) BHP = 0.052 * [(8.33 * 6,000) + (11 * 8,000) + (16 * 16,000)] = 20,487 psi

(ii) Pressure 1/2 way down (at 15,000 ft) = 0.052 * [(8.33 * 6,000) + (11 * 8,000) + (16 * 1,000)] = 8,007 psi

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Problem # 3 solution
(iii) Plot MW vs. Depth
Mud Density, ppg 0 5 10 15 20 0 5,000 D 10,000 e 15,000 p t 20,000 h 25,000 30,000
8.33

11.0

16.0

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Problem # 3 solution
(iv) Plot mud gradient vs. Depth
Depth Gradient ft psi/ft 0-6,000 0.433 6,000-14,000 0.572 14,000-TD 0.832 Mud Gradient, psi/ft 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0 5,000 D 10,000 e 15,000 p t 20,000 h 25,000 30,000
0.433

0.572

0.832

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Problem # 3 solution
(iv) Plot HSP vs. Depth ft psi
@ 6,000 2,599 @14,000 7,175 @ 30,000 20,487
0 5,000 10,000 D 15,000 e p 20,000 t 25,000 h 30,000 Mud Pressure, kpsi 8 5 10 15 20 2,599 psi 7,175 psi 20,487 psi

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Addition of Weight Material

The amount of barite required to raise the density of one barrel of mud from MW1 to MW2, ppg

1,490 ( MW2 MW1 ) WB = ( 35.4 MW2 )

where WB = Barite Required, lb/bbl MW1 = Old Mud Density, ppg MW2 = New Mud Density, ppg 1,490 = Wt. of 1 bbl of Barite, lbs 35.4 = Wt. of 1 gal of Barite, lbs
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Problem # 4, Derive Barite Eq.

Consider one bbl of mud of density, MW1, add WB lbs of barite to increase the mud density to MW2.
Wt, lb Old Mud Barite Mixture Vol, bbl

42 * MW1 1 WB (WB lbs / 1,490 lb/bbl) WB + 42 MW1 1 + (WB / 1,490)

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Density of Mixture = total weight / total volume

Problem # 4
New Density = Weight / Volume
MW2

= (WB+42 MW1 lbs) / {[1+(WB/1,490)bbl]*42 gal/bbl}

lbs

42 MW2 [1+(WB/1,490)] = WB+42 MW1

WB [(MW2 / 35.4) -1] = 42 MW1 42 MW2 WB(MW2 - 35.4) = (42 * 35.4) * (MW1 - MW2)

1,490 ( MW2 MW1 ) WB = ( 35.4 MW2 )

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Stopping an Influx
1. Increase Pressure at Surface 2. Increase Annular Friction 3. Increase Mud Weight
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Stopping an Influx

Depth

Mud Hydrostatic Pressure

Pressure

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Stopping an Influx Soln.1

Depth
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure
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Stopping an Influx Soln.2

Depth
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure
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Stopping an Influx Soln.3

Depth
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure
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