Presented By Rajendra Narayan Senapati Roll no-26243 Regd. No.

-0701105115
22nd MAR 2011

Outline
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Introduction Need of Hydrothermal Scheduling Classification of Hydro Plants Classification of Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem Solution for Short-term Scheduling Problem Conclusion References

22nd MAR 2011

Introduction
o o o o Hydro-plants can be easily started and assigned load in very short time. Slow response of thermal power due to boiler, super heater, and turbine system. Thermal plant base load plant Hydro plant peak load plant

22nd MAR 2011

Need of Hydrothermal Scheduling

The optimal scheduling problem in a hydro-thermal system stated as to minimize the fuel cost of thermal plants under the constraint of water availability for hydro-generation over a given period of operation To maintain an optimal balance between fuel cost and water storage level to maintain reliable and uninterrupted operation. To test these techniques on different problems.

22nd MAR 2011

22nd MAR 2011

Classification of Hydro Plants

Classification 1. Pumped storage plants 2. Conventional plants Classification on the basis of location 1. Hydro plants on different streams 2. Hydro plants on the same stream 3. Multi-chain hydro plants Classification on the basis of Quantity of Water Available 1. Run-off- River Plants without Pondage 2. Run-off River Plants with Pondage
22nd MAR 2011

Classification of Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem

Long range problem long-range scheduling is validity ranges from 1 week to 1 year or several years. Long-term hydrothermal scheduling is used for breaking down the long-term problem into a number of midterm (e.g., monthly) problems. Short range problem Involves the hour-by-hour scheduling of all generation on a system to achieve minimum production cost for the given time period. The load, hydraulic inflows, and unit availabilities are assumed known. 22 MAR 2011 Reservoir levels is given
nd

Scheduling Problems
Scheduling problem consists of Problem characteristics. Problem formulation. Solution approach

Two-unit hydrothermal systems

22nd MAR 2011

For any time period j

However, the energy available from the hydro plant is insufficient to meet the load

22nd MAR 2011

Use here the entire amount of energy from the hydro plant in such a way that the cost of running the steam plant is minimized. The steam-plant energy required is

i.e. (Load energy) - (Hydro energy) = (Steam energy) It does not require the steam unit to run for the entire interval of Tmax hours. Therefore

22nd MAR 2011

Where = run period for steam plant Then

The scheduling problem becomes

Subject to

And the Lagrange function is

22nd MAR 2011

Then

The total cost over the interval is

Where

Let the steam plant cost be expressed as Then

22nd MAR 2011

Also

Where Then And

= Optimum value of stem generated power

= /

Now we can establish the value of Ps* by minimizing FT:

Or

22nd MAR 2011

Which means the unit should be operated at its maximum efficiency point long enough to supply the energy needed, E. If Where fc is the fuel cost Now the heat rate is

And the heat rate has a minimum when

Giving best efficiency at

22nd MAR 2011

Solution for Short-term Scheduling Problem

Fixed head hydro thermal scheduling Variable head hydro thermal scheduling

22nd MAR 2011

Problem Characteristics

22nd MAR 2011

Problem Formulation
Thermal Model operating cost

fuel cost

22nd MAR 2011

Hydro Model rate of discharge

Constraints

22nd MAR 2011

Classical Method

Hydrothermal system with hydraulic constraints

22nd MAR 2011

Problem

Subject to

Let

= length

of jth interval

22nd MAR 2011

The loads are constant in each interval. Other constraints could be imposed, such as:

The Lagrange function is:

for a specific interval j =k,

22nd MAR 2011

So

Suppose we add the network losses to the problem. Then at each hour

And the Lagrange function becomes

With resulting coordination equations (hour k):

22nd MAR 2011

22nd MAR 2011

Flow Chart for Classical Method

Conclusion
Hydro-thermal scheduling is done when power demand is less than the maximum capacity of power generation by the hydro and thermal plants. The benefit of this scheduling is to save the cost of generation, in addition to meeting the agricultural and irrigational requirements. The operating cost of thermal plant is very high, though their capital cost is low. On the other hand the operating cost of hydroelectric plant is low, though their capital cost is high. So it has become economical as well convenient to have both thermal and hydro plants in the same grid.

22nd MAR 2011

Referrences
Kothari D.P., Dhillon J.S., Power System Optimization , Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2004. Elgerd O.I, Electric Energy Systems theory, An Introduction , Tata McGraw Hill Limited, New York, 1983. Grainger J.J., Stevenson W.D., Power System Analysis , Tata McGraw Hill Limited, New York,2003. Fabrcio Y. K. Takigawa, Erlon C. Finardi, Edson L. da Silva, A Decomposition Strategy to Solve the Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Based on Lagrangian Relaxation ,2005. Hota P.K., Barisal A.K., Chakrabarti R., An improved PSO technique for shortterm optimal hydrothermal scheduling ,2009. Ramos L.M., Lora A.T., Santos J.R., Short-term Hydro-thermal Coordination Based on Interior Point Nonlinear Programming and Genetic Algorithms ,2001.

22nd MAR 2011

THANK YOU