The following is a list of some extra Hess's Law problems.

They will not be collected, nor will these particular questions be asked on an exam. Doing these problems, however, will certainly help you understand Hesss Law better. Good luck!

(1) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(g) 4PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10Cl 2(g) answer = 249.8 kJ Hf = -2439 kJ Hd = 3438 kJ

(2) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: 2CO2(g) + H2O(g) C 2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) C2H2(g) + 2H2(g) C2H6(g) H2O(g) H2(g) + 1/2O2 (g) C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) answer = 235 kJ Hf =-94.5 kJ Hd =71.2 kJ Hc =-283 kJ

(3) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: N2H4(l) + H2(g) 2NH3(g) N2H4(l) + CH4O(l) CH2O(g) + N2(g) + 3H2 (g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH 3(g) CH4O(l) CH2O(g) + H 2(g) answer = -18 kJ H = -37 kJ H = -46 kJ H = -65 kJ

(4) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: H2SO4(l) SO3(g) + H2O(g) H2S(g) + 2O2(g) H2SO4(l) H2S(g) + 2O2(g) SO 3(g) + H2O(l) H2O(l) H2O(g) answer = 72 kJ H = -235.5 kJ H = -207 kJ H = 44 kJ

(5) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: 2C2H4O(l) + 2H2O(l) 2C2H6O(l) + O2(g) C2H6O(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) C2H4O(l) + 5/2O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) answer = 204.0 kJ H = -685.5 kJ H = -583.5 kJ

(6) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO 2(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) 2NH3(g) + 4H2O(l) 2NO2(g) + 7H2(g) H2O(l) H2(g) + 1/2O 2(g) answer = -83 kJ H = -115 kJ H = -142.5 kJ H = -43.7 kJ

(7) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: CO2(g) C(s) + O2(g) H2O(l) H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) C2H6(g) 2C(s) + 3H 2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) C 2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) answer = 886 kJ H = 643 kJ H = 190.6 kJ H = 3511.1 kJ

(8) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: N2H4(l) + CH4O(l) CH2O(g) + N2(g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3(g) N2H4(l) + H2(g) 2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H 2(g) CH2O(g) + H2(g) CH 4O(l) answer = -46.2 kJ H = 22.5 kJ H = 57.5 kJ H = 81.2 kJ

(9) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: 1/2H2(g) + 1/2Cl2(g) HCl(g) COCl2(g) + H2O(l) CH2Cl2(l) + O2(g) 2HCl(g) + 1/2O2(g) H 2 O(l) + Cl2(g) CH2Cl2(l) + H2(g) + 3/2O 2(g) COCl2(g) + 2H 2O(l) answer = -230 kJ H = 47.5 kJ H = 105 kJ H = -402.5 kJ

(10) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(g) C2H6(g) C2H 2(g) + 2H2(g) H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) H2O(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) answer = -705 kJ H = 283.5 kJ H = -213.7 kJ H = 849 kJ

(11) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: HCl(g) + NaNO2(s) HNO2(l) + NaCl(s) 2NaCl(s) + H2O(l) 2HCl(g) + Na2O(s) NO(g) + NO2(g) + Na2O(s) 2NaNO2(s) NO(g) + NO2(g) N2O(g) + O2(g) 2HNO2(l) N2O(g) + O2(g) + H 2O(l) Answer = -78 kJ H = 507 kJ H = -427 kJ H = -43 kJ H = 34 kJ

(12) Find the H for the reaction below, given the following reactions and subsequent H values: Zn(s) + 1/8S8(s) + 2O2(g) ZnSO4(s) Zn(s) + 1/8S8(s) ZnS(s) 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) ZnO(s) + SO3(g) ZnSO4 (s) Answer = -976.03 kJ H = -183.92 kJ H = -927.54 kJ H = -196.04 kJ H = -230.32 kJ

These problems involve using heat of formation values that are found in the appendix of your textbook. (13) What is the enthalpy of the following reactions? (a) SiF4(g) (b) SiF4(g) (c) SO3(g) (d) 3K2O2(s) + Si(s) Si(g) H2O(g) + 2F2(g) + 2F2(g) (answer: +1615.0 kJ) (answer: +2065.0 kJ) (answer: -271.8 kJ) + O3(g) (answer: -412 kJ) (not -411.7 kJ)

H2SO4(aq)

+ 3H2O(l)

6KOH(aq)

(e) Fe3O4(s) + 8HCl(g) 2FeCl3(s) + FeCl2(s) + 4H2O(g) (answer: -252 kJ) (not -251.6 kJ)

Hess's Law Worksheet

1. Calculate H for the reaction: C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) C2H6 (g), from the

following data.

C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) C2H6 (g) + 3 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (l)

Hc = -1411. kJ Hc = -1560. kJ Hc = -285.8 kJ

Solution
2.

Calculate H for the reaction 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g), from the following data. N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (g) Hf = -180.5 kJ Hf = -91.8 kJ Hf = -483.6 kJ

Solution
3. Find H for the reaction 2H2(g) + 2C(s) + O2(g) C2H5OH(l), using

the following thermochemical data.

C2H5OH (l) + 2 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (l)

Hc = -875. kJ Hc = -394.51 kJ Hc = -285.8 kJ

Solution
4. Calculate H for the reaction CH4 (g) + NH3 (g) HCN (g) + 3 H2

(g), given:

N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

Hf = -91.8 kJ

C (s) + 2 H2 (g) CH4 (g) H2 (g) + 2 C (s) + N2 (g) 2 HCN (g)

Hf = -74.9 kJ Hf = +270.3 kJ

Solution

5. Calculate

the data.

for the reaction 2 Al (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 AlCl3 (s) from

2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g) HCl (g) HCl (aq) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g) AlCl3 (s) AlCl3 (aq)

Hr = -1049. kJ Hs = -74.8 kJ Hf = -1845. kJ Hs = -323. kJ

Solutions 1. R C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) C2H6 (g) + 3 O2 (g) H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) H2O (l) C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) C2H6 (g) 2. 2 R 2 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) 4 NO (g) 4 NH3 (g) 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2 (g) H = 2 (-180.5 kJ) H = 2 (+91.8 kJ) H = -1411. kJ H = +1560. kJ H = -285.8 kJ H = -137. kJ

 3 6 H2 (g) + 3 O2 (g) 6 H2O (g)

H = 3 (-483.6 kJ)

4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g) H = -1628. kJ 3. R 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) C2H5OH (l) + 2 O2 (g) 2 C (s) + 2 O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) H = +875. kJ H = 2 (394.51 kJ) H = 2 (-285.8 kJ) H = -486. kJ

2 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (l)

2H2(g) + 2C(s) + O2(g) C2H5OH(l) 4. R NH3 (g) 1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 1H2 (g) CH4 (g) C (s) + 2 H2 (g)

H = (+91.8 kJ) H = +74.9 kJ H= (+270.3 kJ) H = +256.0 kJ

1/2 H2 (g) + C (s) + 1/2 N2 (g) HCN (g)

CH4 (g) + NH3 (g) HCN (g) + 3 H2 (g)

5. 2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g) 6 HCl (g) 6 HCl (aq) H = -1049. kJ H = 6 (-74.8 kJ) H = 3 (1845. kJ) H=2 (+323. kJ) H = -6387. kJ

3 3 H2 (g) + 3 Cl2 (g) 6 HCl (g)

R 2 2 AlCl3 (aq) 2 AlCl3 (s) 2 Al (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 AlCl3 (s)

Additional questions. 1. Calculate the standard enthalpy change, Ho, for the formation of 1 mol of strontium carbonate (the material that gives the red color in fireworks) from its elements. Sr (s) + C(graphite) + (1) Sr (s) +
1 2 3 2

O2 (g) SrCO3 (s) H = - 592 kJ H = - 234 kJ H = - 394 kJ

The information available is O2 (g) SrO (s) (2) SrO (s) + CO2 (g) SrCO3 (s) (3) C(graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)

2. The combination of coke and steam produces a mixture called coal gas, which can be used as a fuel or as a starting material for other reactions. If we assume coke can be represented by graphite, the equation for the production of coal gas is 2 C (s) + 2 H2O (g) CH4 (g) + CO2(g) Determine the standard enthalpy change for this reaction from the following standard enthalpies of reaction : (1) C(s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g) H = 131.3 kJ (2) CO (g) + H2O (g) CO2 (g) + H2 (g) H = - 41.2 kJ (3) CH4 (g) + H2O (g) 3 H2 (g) + CO (g) H = 206.1 kJ The next one is challenging! 3. One reaction involved in the conversion of iron ore to the metal is FeO (s) + CO (g) Fe (s) + CO2 (g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction from these reactions of iron oxides with CO : (1) 3 Fe2O3 (s) + CO (g) 2 Fe3O4 (s) + CO2 (g) H = - 47.0 kJ (2) Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) 2 Fe (s) + 3 CO2 (g) H = - 25.0 kJ (3) Fe3O4 (s) + CO (g) 3 FeO (s) + CO2 (g) H = 19.0 kJ Answers: 1. 1220 kJ 2. + 15.3 kJ 3. 11.0 kJ