FOREWORD

This e-Series consists of electronic notes (e-notes) comprises of lectures, tutorials and practicals. There are also supplementary references and selected readings to nurture and cultivate reading interest among students. The materials are also very useful for students to pursue their higher education locally or even abroad. They are compiled electronically so as to enable students in the era of digital millineum enjoy reading and listening to various sources of information in electronic form. I am extremely grateful to my colleagues, authors, speakers, researchers and all my students who have contributed significantly and made this e-Series possible. Their constant encouragement and insistence on clarity and depth have kept me working till the last details. Many of them have graduated, started their career, or returned to this institution. I am happy to dedicate to them this piece of work. Haji Mohd. Noah Haji Abdul Rahman Computer & Information Systems Programme Faculty of Business & Computing Institut Teknologi Brunei