MIMO-LTE A relevant Step towards 4G

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kaiser CEO mimoOn GmbH

MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

mimoOn is

a supplier of embedded communications software for the next generation of MIMO-based wireless communication standards. Check www.mimoOn. de
Sept. 11-14, 2007: MIMO-Workshop MIMO Seminar LTE Seminar
MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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What means 4G ?
Magic Mobile Future Study: Edholms law of data rate: >2 GHz BW in 2020

OFDM will come MIMO will come

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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The Future of MIMO

High-speed mobile access requires MIMO
1000 Mb/s

MIMO.16m MIMO- MIMO-LTE MIMO-WiMAX HSPA 1xEV-DO UMTS EDGE GPRS GSM

100 Mb/s

10 Mb/s

1 Mb/s

100 kb/s

10 kb/s

2000

2005

2010

2015

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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The History of MIMO 1987 1st MIMO paper (Winters) 1991 1st MIMO patent (Paulraj) 1995 MIMO channel capacity (Telatar, Foschini, Gans) 1996 1st MIMO testbed 1999 1st MIMO prototype chip 2002 1st MIMO company 2005 1st MIMO commerc. chip 2006 MIMO breakthrough

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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MIMO Principles

MIMO

SISO

MISO

Array Gain: +3dB p.D. for SIMO, MISO (PCSI), MIMO (PCSI)) Diversity Gain: +XdB for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (CSI helps) Interf. Cancell. Gain: Nulling for SIMO, MISO, MIMO (all PCSI) Multiplexing Gain: for MIMO (CSI helps)

Challenge: Gain Tradeoffs under Hardware, Regulation, and Standardization Constraints

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Separate Frequency Flat Channels

Tx

Rx

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Equivalent Parallel Channels

Equivalent channel

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Open Loop vs. Closed Loop

Tx

Rx

Closed Loop:

(Diversity order max.

Challenge: Low rate feedback, high mobility

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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MIMO-LTE Transmitter (DL)

subcarrier N
Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Layer Mapping

Diversity common HL Diversity

Precoder PL cyclic delay

# of subcarriers

Precoder PL cyclic delay

Tx1
IFFT

Tx2
IFFT

Tx3
IFFT

Tx4
IFFT

subcarrier K

Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Layer Mapping Layer Mapping

add CP Diversity common H1

Precoder P1 cyclic delay

add CP

add CP

add CP

subcarrier 1

Diversity

Precoder P1 cyclic delay

# of modulated codewords per subcarrier

one resource block

# of layers

# of Tx

Tx1
MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

Tx2

Tx3

Tx4
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MIMO-LTE Receiver (DL)

(ST)-MIMO Detector (ST)-MIMO Detector BL Receive Beamformer

common HL
(ST)-MIMO Detector BL Receive Beamformer

(#antennas) x 210 x 11 x 4/ (0.5 / 7)ms = (#antenna) x 630 MMACps

# of subcarrier

# of subcarrer

Rx1
FFT

Rx2
FFT

Rx3
FFT

Rx4
FFT

(ST)-MIMO Detector (ST)-MIMO Detector

rem CP
B1 Receive Beamformer

rem CP

rem. CP

rem. CP

common H1
(ST)-MIMO Detector (ST)-MIMO Detector B1 Receive Beamformer

# of code-words (CW) per subcarrier

Detection: ~(#CW)2 x MR x channel update: (once 1200 MAC / per RB) ~ 1200 / 12 / (0.5ms/7) = (#CW)x 0.5ms x MR x MT2 MAC (#CW+MR)x16,8 = 0.2 x MR x M 2 MIMO-LTE A relevant Tstep towardsMMACps MMACps 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

one resource block

# of layers

# of Rx

Rx 1

Rx 2

Rx 3

Rx 4
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MIMO-LTE Algorithms

No. of Antennas ? X-QAM ? Hard/Software ?

Challenge: MIMO Detector

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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MIMO-LTE Receive Chain Requirements

Configuration: 2 Rx, 2 Tx, 64QAM, 100 Mbps data rate, Turbo Coding 1/3, #Rx = 2 #Tx = 2 Rx1 Rx2 RF RF
Freq Offs Estimation Freq Offs Correction Freq Offs Correction 30.72 MCSps
(1.47 Gbps)

Synchronization Cycl Prfx Remove Cycl Prfx Remove 123 MMACps

(246 MMACps)

631 MMACps
(1262 MMACps)

16.8 MCSps
(538 Mbps)

2x12

FFT
2x10

FFT
28.67 MCSps
(1.38 Gbps)

Demux Demux

269 - 538 MMACps

Data / Rx
bps with Rx=2 CSps: CSps: MAC: sbps: ACS: Sbps: MAC: ACS:

Complex Sample Complex Sample per second Multiply Accumulate per second second soft bits per Select Add Compare soft bits Accumulate Multiply per second Add Compare Select

Chan Est 76.8 GACSps

(153.6 GACSps)

MIMO Detector

100 Mbps Data / Tx

bps with Tx=2

M U X

Channel Decoder Channel Decoder 50 Mbps

(100 Mbps)

De-Interleaver De-Interleaver 100 Msbps

(600 Mbps)

Symbol Demapper Symbol Demapper 16.8 MSps

(300 Mbps)

No ML algorithm for 64QAM

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Some Results: MIMO-OFDMA

2x3 MIMO-OFDMA Reuse=1, TX=10W, Isolated Cell 2MHz Bandwidth Spatial Mux with 64 QAM (equiv. 4096 SISO-QAM) 12dB better link budget than for SISO Iospan Wireless, San Jose Testbed, 2001 Thanks to Prof. A. Paulraj (Stanford Univ.) Ratio of 0.20 Users among Covered Users 0.15

0.10

0 1134 4536 9072 13608

Net data rate in kb/s

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Some Results: Cellular MIMO

Peak rate Mean rate 2 bit/s/Hz Cell edge rate

0 SISO 2x2 MIMO SISO 2x2 MIMO

Isolated Cell

Interf. Lim. Cell

Challenge: MIMO-Algorithm Design

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Source: 3G americas, Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA, Dec 14, 2006

MIMO-Femtocell-Scenario

MIMO is well-suited for contained environments 100 Mbit/s feasible with femtocells MIMO-Femtocells similar to MIMO-WLAN

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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MIMO-LTE vs MIMO-WLAN
MIMO preLTE Modulation technique MIMO mode System Bandwidth FFT and Subcarrier Spacing Access technology Services QoS Theoretical peak bit rate in ideal case Latency (round trip) Coverage OFDM SFBC, SM, Beamforming Scalable 1.25 ~ 20 MHz 128 ~ 2048 / 15 kHz OFDMA Packet data, VoIP Good support 100 (DL) / 50 (UL) Mbps 10 ms 2.8 km ~ 7.4 km pre802.11n OFDM SFBC, SM, Beamforming Fixed 20 MHz 64 / 312.5 kHz CSMA/CA Packet data Weak support > 200 Mbps < 5 ms 30 m ~ 100 m Source: Throughput of a MIMO OFDM based WLAN system, T. Schenk et. al., IEEE S CVT2004, Gent, Belgium, Nov. 2004
MIMO 2x2 SISO

MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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Conclusion MIMO represents an economical way to to increase user capacity to increase coverage to increase cell throughput
the potential of using the spatial domain is large and the development of new and even more efficient multi-antenna algorithms is expected to continue in the future.
Source: 3G americas, Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA, Dec 14, 2006
MIMO-LTE A relevant step towards 4G, Thomas Kaiser, MobiMedia, August 27-29, 2007

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