Computer System Architecture Processor Part IV Chalermek Intanagonwiwat Slides courtesy of John Hennessy ard David Patterson Microprogramming i as f Rast Ws . Ciena a ¥ ¢: en gee OMMT Fe “Macroinstruction" Interpretation comssmot nl race inden XemnnteRe a i ar 1. West groarem FNAL: Memon | this can change! —— x ‘neeaginetud tn aa ‘one of these is fPata———} mapped into one ptthese [execution unit Fone 1% a lances jah eg. Fetch ale Operand Addr B sence Eten Qperanls) prrdrction gob power cal Save Answer(s) (haiyinnroura Microprogramming Pros and Cons + Ease of design * Flexibility =» os ae ; - Easy to adapt to changes in organization, °° i timing, technology - Can make changes late in design cycle, or even in the field \ bane ror uni + Can implement very powerful instruction sets (just more control memory)Microprogramming Pros and Cons (cont.) + Generality iemyeetionn ~ Can implement multiple instruction sets on same machine. \ | = Can tailor instruction set to application. Compatibility - Many organizations, same instruction set Slow -wdnnerivinigicverbodhaied (atu) piel Pov fst Exceptions (cont.) cememmecileaies in + Exception = unprogrammed control transfer - system takes action to handle the exception —-antinsl id bannil + must record the address of the offending instruction - returns control to user ~ must seve & Pestere user state Exceptions cde vnccgtin vt Sank mr tour rom creepten ronal ono ow eqvertal jumps branches, a, etm Two Types of Exceptions + Interrupts caused by external events asynchronous to program execution Qua? 7 may be handled between instructions -»ss= os - simply suspend and resume user program 4 wuctaagyTwo Types of Exceptions MIPS Convention (cont.) Type of event ae taeiatuniaminnene * Traps / 60'S ype From where? MIPS terminology Heyrvie address hide , divide by aero a0 depelrequest-5Exemer TMeTuet ~ caused by internal events Invoke OS from user + exceptional conditions (overflow) program Internal Exception | + errors (parity) Sitwell + faults (non-resident page) laa ciSidk Arithmetic overflow Internal Exception ~ synchronous to program execution a | ; ~ condition must be remedied by the handler Using an undefined . . 2 . instruction Internal Exception ~ instruction may be retried or simulated and program continued or program may be aborted deh Addressing the Exception Addressing the Exception Handler ; Handler (cont.) Troate + Traditional Approach: Interupt Vector + RISC Handler Table - PC <- MEM[ IV_base + cause || 00] ~ PC<- IV_base + cause || 0000 * - Eg., Vax, 80x86 Sort oF sear omaescreelu — saves state and jumps ia - Eg., Sparc oe honed 9 SP | vsune psinter Yds nomdter code ‘ < frandier . ‘handler entry code base cose Fivtsleogbn = - vira ten pase couse — verlyy 7 pavidermagt adit Fee, JBlawriovirvs