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Summer 2009
Publications Code UA021146
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Edexcel Ltd 2009
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Contents
General Introduction iv
Unit Codes and Unit Titles v
General Information vi
Mark Schemes
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiners and revised, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of senior examiners and subject teachers. The schemes are further
amended at the Standardisation meetings attended by all examiners. The Standardisation
meeting ensures as far as possible that the mark scheme covers the candidates' actual
responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same way.
The schemes in this document are the final mark schemes used by the examiners in this
examination and include the amendments made at the meeting. They do not include any
details of the discussions that took place in the meeting, nor do they include all of the possible
alternative answers or equivalent statements that were considered to be worthy of credit.
It is emphasised that these mark schemes are working documents that apply to these papers in
this examination. Every effort is made to ensure a consistent approach to marking from one
examination to another but each marking point has to be judged in the context of the
candidates' responses and in relation to the other questions in the paper. It should not be
assumed that future mark schemes will adopt exactly the same marking points as this one.
Edexcel cannot under any circumstances discuss or comment informally on the marking of
individual scripts. Any enquiries about the marks awarded to individual candidates can be
dealt with only through the official Enquiry about Results procedure.
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Unit Codes and Unit Titles
These Mark Schemes cover the units offered in this examination for Advanced
Subsidiary Biology and Biology (Human) (8040 and 8042) and Advanced Biology and
Biology (Human) (9040 and 9042). The units available in this examination series for the
complete qualifications are listed in the table below.
Cashing in
The following tables show the units that must be taken in order to obtain an award for AS or
Advanced GCE Biology, or for AS or Advanced GCE Biology (Human).
Advanced Subsidiary
Advanced GCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be
ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for
that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but
not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later
parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except
for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as
follows:
• the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be
unambiguous
e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not
e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not
e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not
e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not
• candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
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Unit 1 (6101 /01) - Molecules and cells
cell surface 9 9
membrane
mitochondria x 9
Golgi apparatus x 9
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2 1. Benedict’s / Fehling’s ;
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Number
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Number
B = granum ; (2)
2. correct division by 5 ;
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Number
5(b)(ii) A = anaphase ;
C = telophase ; (2)
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Number
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Number
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Number
7(a)(i) C A G U C A C G C ;; (2)
2. and (r)RNA ;
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Number
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Number
2. most active at pH 8 / eq ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 2B (6102/01) - Exchange, transport and reproduction
1 1. Graafian / ovarian ;
2. luteinising hormone / LH ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
13 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Number
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Number
5. presence of gills ;
max
6. to increase surface area (for gas exchange) ; (4)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2. tracheids ;
3. presence of pits ;
4. fibres / sclerenchyma ;
5. lignified / eq ;
max
6. parenchyma / packing tissue ; (3)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a) Pollination
1. {transfer / eq} of pollen (grains) ;
Protandry
3. stamen ripens / anthers mature / pollen
released / eq ;
7(b)(i) 1. 90 – 45 or 45 ;
2. ÷ 6 ;
3. = 7.5 ; (3)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a)
Description Name of leucocyte
neutrophil /polymorph ;
monocyte ;
eosinophil / acidophil ;
(3)
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Unit 2H (6112/01) - Exchange, transport and reproduction in humans
1 1. Graafian / ovarian ;
2. luteinising hormone / LH ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
23 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Number
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Number
1. air pressure ;
3. temperature ;
max
4. humidity ; (2)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
1. age of mother ;
2. nutrition / diet ;
3. genetic factors / eq ;
4. smoking ;
max
5. alcohol intake ; (2)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
7(b)(i) 1. calculation ;
2. 36.8 ; (2)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a)
Description Name of leucocyte
neutrophil / polymorph ;
monocyte ;
eosinophil ;
(3)
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Unit 3 (6103/02) - Written Alternative to Coursework
(International candidates ONLY)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a)
1. control of growth medium - any TWO of same
soil/compost, same volume, same containers,
seed sown at same density / eq ;
6. filter extract ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2(c) Limitations
Further work
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Unit 3 (6103/03) - Energy and the environment
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Question Answer Mark
Number
81.4 ; (2)
2(b)(ii) 1. ammonium ;
3. to nitrates ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
5. fish suffocate / eq ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
37 224 ; (2)
2. reference to decay / eq ;
max
3. excretion ; (2)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 4 (6104/Core) - Respiration and coordination
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a)(i) B matrix ;
3(a)(ii) C; (1)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 4A (6104/01) - Microbiology and biotechnology
6 Appearance Appearance
Stage of of Gram of Gram
Gram stain negative positive
bacteria bacteria
purple purple
purple purple
colourless purple
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2. by {bacteria / Lactobacilli} ;
6. reference to aeration / eq ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 4B (6104/02) - Food science
6
Means of reducing
Method of preservation
food spoilage
prevents growth of
aerobic
microorganisms /
delays growth of
facultative anaerobes ;
decreases pH / increases
acidity / eq ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
7. softens stools / eq ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
9(a)(i) cabbage ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 4C (6104/03) - Human health and fitness
6
One location One function
synapse / terminal
bouton / synaptic cleft / initiate muscle
{neurotransmitter / eq}/ contraction / slows
motor end plate / down heartbeat / eq
neuromuscular junction
{phosphorisation of
(skeletal) muscle ADP / eq} / energy
store / eq
(mechanical) strength
bone / teeth
/ eq
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
60 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
62 0906
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Unit 5B (6105/01) - Genetics, evolution and biodiversity
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Question Answer Mark
Number
64 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
65 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
6. examples quoted ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
69 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
71 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
72 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
73 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 5H (6115/01) - Genetics, human evolution and biodiversity
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Question Answer Mark
Number
3. reference to non-disjunction ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
77 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
78 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
79 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
80 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
81 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
82 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
83 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Unit 6 (6106-02) - Written Alternative to Coursework
1(a)
Number of Mimosa seeds
/ 0.25 m-2
In floodplain In woodland
habitat habitat
Without With Without With
mining mining mining mining
moths moth moth moth
500 194 22 32
505 200 28 34
605 241 29 35
606 255 33 38
729 306 33 39
751 340 38 48 Median
number
758 350 42 52
805 369 46 55
825 400 48 60
830 491 51 62
900 512 61 65
Median 751 340 38 48
number
numbers ranked ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
Floodplain
Number Not Infected
classes infected
101 – 200 2
201 – 300 2
301 – 400 5
401 – 500 1
501 – 600 2 1
601 – 700 2
701 – 800 3
801 – 900 4
Woodland
Number Not Infected
classes infected
21 – 30 3 0
31 – 40 3 5
41 – 50 3 1
51 – 60 1 3
61 – 70 1 2
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
Specific precautions
9. any suitable precaution to ensure validity
of counts in the context of quadrat use e.g.
only runners inside quadrat counted ;
Repeats
12. reference to sound environmental
protection ;
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Style
account is concise and well-organised, there is
good use of technical vocabulary and almost no
spelling errors – 2 marks
Total (10)
4. means calculated ;
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Question Answer Mark
Number
2(c) Limitations
1. difficulty in identifying plant as a
parent ;
Further work
7. investigate (density-dependent) asexual
reproduction in other species OR types
of plants ;
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Unit 6 (6106/03) - Synoptic Paper
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Question Answer Mark
Number
93 0906
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Question Answer Mark
Number
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Synoptic Essay mark scheme
Scientific Descriptor
Content (S)
11 The essay demonstrates a sound understanding of the topic and contains a
(Good) significant amount of material from most areas of the mark scheme,
including A2 content.
Suitable examples are included and the candidate has clearly and
coherently linked together information from different parts of the
specification.
9 An above average essay, with accurate content. The essay includes a good
(Above balance of material from several areas of the mark scheme, including A2
average) content, and examples where appropriate.
There may be some minor factual errors.
7 The essay includes relevant information from some areas of the mark
(Average) scheme, including A2 content. The candidate links together some facts
and principles. Some examples are included.
There may be some minor factual errors.
3 There are some correct facts, but the essay lacks depth and accuracy.
(Poor) The essay contains little or no relevant information from the A2
content.
1 There are very few correct facts. The essay is generally superficial and
(Poor) inaccurate.
Notes Marks
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Balance(B) Descriptor Marks
2 Most of the main topic areas outlined are covered
Some discussion of each of the areas chosen, illustrated
with suitable examples where appropriate
Material included is all relevant to the topic and the
candidate has linked information from more than one
area of the specification.
Few, if any, errors (2)
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Question Answer Mark
Number
phosphate –
deoxyribose –
DNA as a polynucleotide -
isolation of gene –
plasmid replication –
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Question Answer Mark
Number
diffusion of ions –
apoplast pathway –
symplast pathway –
vacuolar pathway –
nitrate –
phosphate –
magnesium –
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Question Answer Mark
Number
polypeptides –
bonding –
100 0906
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Further copies of this publication are available from
Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN
Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
Order Code UA021146 Summer 2009
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