HÔ s~ü & HÍOÑ≤\+© <¨ û£ =~°Ö¤ò

A Must Magazine for Competitive Exams

APRIL 2011

Volume : 04

Editor
D.V. Raghu Ram
M.A., PGDHRM, DTEM

Note: Although every care has been taken to avoid errors of omission, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that information
given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editors, publishers and sellers
who do not owe any responsibility for any damage or loss to any person, a purchaser of this publication or not, for the result of any action taken on the
basis of this work. The publishers shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out correction in the next edition.

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Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population : 2011
State India/State/ Total population Sex ratio Density Decadal
/UT Union Territory # (females (Per growth
Persons Males Females
Cod per 1000 sq.km) rate
e males)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INDIA 1,210,193,422 623,724,248 586,469,174 940 382 17.64
01 Jammu & Kashmir 12,548,926 6,665,561 5,883,365 883 124 23.71
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,856,509 3,473,892 3,382,617 974 123 12.81
03 Punjab 27,704,236 14,634,819 13,069,417 893 550 13.73
#
04 Chandigarh 1,054,686 580,282 474,404 818 9,252 17.10
05 Uttarakhand 10,116,752 5,154,178 4,962,574 963 189 19.17
06 Haryana 25,353,081 13,505,130 11,847,951 877 573 19.90
#
07 NCT of Delhi 16,753,235 8,976,410 7,776,825 866 11,297 20.96
08 Rajasthan 68,621,012 35,620,086 33,000,926 926 201 21.44
09 Uttar Pradesh 199,581,477 104,596,415 94,985,062 908 828 20.09
10 Bihar 103,804,637 54,185,347 49,619,290 916 1,102 25.07
11 Sikkim 607,688 321,661 286,027 889 86 12.36
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,382,611 720,232 662,379 920 17 25.92
13 Nagaland 1,980,602 1,025,707 954,895 931 119 -0.47
14 Manipur 2,721,756 1,369,764 1,351,992 987 122 18.65
15 Mizoram 1,091,014 552,339 538,675 975 52 22.78
16 Tripura 3,671,032 1,871,867 1,799,165 961 350 14.75
17 Meghalaya 2,964,007 1,492,668 1,471,339 986 132 27.82
18 Assam 31,169,272 15,954,927 15,214,345 954 397 16.93
19 West Bengal 91,347,736 46,927,389 44,420,347 947 1,029 13.93
20 Jharkhand 32,966,238 16,931,688 16,034,550 947 414 22.34
21 Orissa 41,947,358 21,201,678 20,745,680 978 269 13.97
22 Chhattisgarh 25,540,196 12,827,915 12,712,281 991 189 22.59
23 Madhya Pradesh 72,597,565 37,612,920 34,984,645 930 236 20.30
24 Gujarat 60,383,628 31,482,282 28,901,346 918 308 19.17
#
25 Daman & Diu 242,911 150,100 92,811 618 2,169 53.54
#
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 342,853 193,178 149,675 775 698 55.50
27 Maharashtra 112,372,972 58,361,397 54,011,575 925 365 15.99
28 Andhra Pradesh 84,665,533 42,509,881 42,155,652 992 308 11.10
29 Karnataka 61,130,704 31,057,742 30,072,962 968 319 15.67
30 Goa 1,457,723 740,711 717,012 968 394 8.17
#
31 Lakshadweep 64,429 33,106 31,323 946 2,013 6.23
32 Kerala 33,387,677 16,021,290 17,366,387 1,084 859 4.86
33 Tamil Nadu 72,138,958 36,158,871 35,980,087 995 555 15.60
#
34 Puducherry 1,244,464 610,485 633,979 1,038 2,598 27.72
35 Andaman & Nicobar Island 379,944 202,330 177,614 878 46 6.68

16 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

 Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011
State India/State/Union Territory # Total population Percentage
/UT Persons Males Females share in total
Code population
INDIA 1,21,01,93,422 62,37,24,248 58,64,69,174 100.00
01 Jammu & Kashmir 1,25,48,926 66,65,561 58,83,365 1.04
02 Himachal Pradesh 68,56,509 34,73,892 33,82,617 0.57
03 Punjab 2,77,04,236 1,46,34,819 1,30,69,417 2.29
04 Chandigarh # 10,54,686 5,80,282 4,74,404 0.09
05 Uttarakhand 1,01,16,752 51,54,178 49,62,574 0.84
06 Haryana 2,53,53,081 1,35,05,130 1,18,47,951 2.09
07 NCT of Delhi # 1,67,53,235 89,76,410 77,76,825 1.38
08 Rajasthan 6,86,21,012 3,56,20,086 3,30,00,926 5.67
09 Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477 10,45,96,415 9,49,85,062 16.49
10 Bihar 10,38,04,637 5,41,85,347 4,96,19,290 8.58
11 Sikkim 6,07,688 3,21,661 2,86,027 0.05
12 Arunachal Pradesh 13,82,611 7,20,232 6,62,379 0.11
13 Nagaland 19,80,602 10,25,707 9,54,895 0.16
14 Manipur 27,21,756 13,69,764 13,51,992 0.22
15 Mizoram 10,91,014 5,52,339 5,38,675 0.09
16 Tripura 36,71,032 18,71,867 17,99,165 0.30
17 Meghalaya 29,64,007 14,92,668 14,71,339 0.24
18 Assam 3,11,69,272 1,59,54,927 1,52,14,345 2.58
19 West Bengal 9,13,47,736 4,69,27,389 4,44,20,347 7.55
20 Jharkhand 3,29,66,238 1,69,31,688 1,60,34,550 2.72
21 Orissa 4,19,47,358 2,12,01,678 2,07,45,680 3.47
22 Chhattisgarh 2,55,40,196 1,28,27,915 1,27,12,281 2.11
23 Madhya Pradesh 7,25,97,565 3,76,12,920 3,49,84,645 6.00
24 Gujarat 6,03,83,628 3,14,82,282 2,89,01,346 4.99
25 Daman & Diu # 2,42,911 1,50,100 92,811 0.02
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 3,42,853 1,93,178 1,49,675 0.03
27 Maharashtra 11,23,72,972 5,83,61,397 5,40,11,575 9.29
28 Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533 4,25,09,881 4,21,55,652 7.00
29 Karnataka 6,11,30,704 3,10,57,742 3,00,72,962 5.05
30 Goa 14,57,723 7,40,711 7,17,012 0.12
31 Lakshadweep # 64,429 33,106 31,323 0.01
32 Kerala 3,33,87,677 1,60,21,290 1,73,66,387 2.76
33 Tamil Nadu 7,21,38,958 3,61,58,871 3,59,80,087 5.96
34 Puducherry # 12,44,464 6,10,485 6,33,979 0.10
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 3,79,944 2,02,330 1,77,614 0.03

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 17

 Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011
(States /Union Territories arranged in alphabetical order)
Sl. No. India/State/Union Territory # Total population
Persons Males Females Percentage
share in total
population
INDIA 1,21,01,93,422 62,37,24,248 58,64,69,174 100.00
#
1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3,79,944 2,02,330 1,77,614 0.03
2 Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533 4,25,09,881 4,21,55,652 7.00
3 Arunachal Pradesh 13,82,611 7,20,232 6,62,379 0.11
4 Assam 3,11,69,272 1,59,54,927 1,52,14,345 2.58
5 Bihar 10,38,04,637 5,41,85,347 4,96,19,290 8.58
6 Chandigarh # 10,54,686 5,80,282 4,74,404 0.09
7 Chhattisgarh 2,55,40,196 1,28,27,915 1,27,12,281 2.11
8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 3,42,853 1,93,178 1,49,675 0.03
9 Daman & Diu # 2,42,911 1,50,100 92,811 0.02
10 Goa 14,57,723 7,40,711 7,17,012 0.12
11 Gujarat 6,03,83,628 3,14,82,282 2,89,01,346 4.99
12 Haryana 2,53,53,081 1,35,05,130 1,18,47,951 2.09
13 Himachal Pradesh 68,56,509 34,73,892 33,82,617 0.57
14 Jammu & Kashmir 1,25,48,926 66,65,561 58,83,365 1.04
15 Jharkhand 3,29,66,238 1,69,31,688 1,60,34,550 2.72
16 Karnataka 6,11,30,704 3,10,57,742 3,00,72,962 5.05
17 Kerala 3,33,87,677 1,60,21,290 1,73,66,387 2.76
18 Lakshadweep # 64,429 33,106 31,323 0.01
19 Madhya Pradesh 7,25,97,565 3,76,12,920 3,49,84,645 6.00
20 Maharashtra 11,23,72,972 5,83,61,397 5,40,11,575 9.29
21 Manipur 27,21,756 13,69,764 13,51,992 0.22
22 Meghalaya 29,64,007 14,92,668 14,71,339 0.24
23 Mizoram 10,91,014 5,52,339 5,38,675 0.09
24 Nagaland 19,80,602 10,25,707 9,54,895 0.16
25 NCT of Delhi # 1,67,53,235 89,76,410 77,76,825 1.38
26 Orissa 4,19,47,358 2,12,01,678 2,07,45,680 3.47
27 Puducherry # 12,44,464 6,10,485 6,33,979 0.10
28 Punjab 2,77,04,236 1,46,34,819 1,30,69,417 2.29
29 Rajasthan 6,86,21,012 3,56,20,086 3,30,00,926 5.67
30 Sikkim 6,07,688 3,21,661 2,86,027 0.05
31 Tamil Nadu 7,21,38,958 3,61,58,871 3,59,80,087 5.96
32 Tripura 36,71,032 18,71,867 17,99,165 0.30
33 Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477 10,45,96,415 9,49,85,062 16.49
34 Uttarakhand 1,01,16,752 51,54,178 49,62,574 0.84
35 West Bengal 9,13,47,736 4,69,27,389 4,44,20,347 7.55

18 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

 Sex Ratio of Total population and child population in the age group 0-6 and 7+ years : 2001 and 2011
State India/States/Union Territory # Sex ratio (females per 1,000 males)
/UT Code Total Child Populatiion
population population aged 7 and
in the age above
group
0-6

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INDIA 933 940 927 914 934 944
01 Jammu & Kashmir 892 883 941 859 884 887
02 Himachal Pradesh 968 974 896 906 980 983
03 Punjab 876 893 798 846 888 899
04 Chandigarh # 777 818 845 867 767 812
05 Uttarakhand 962 963 908 886 973 975
06 Haryana 861 877 819 830 869 885
#
07 NCT of Delhi 821 866 868 866 813 866
08 Rajasthan 921 926 909 883 923 935
09 Uttar Pradesh 898 908 916 899 894 910
10 Bihar 919 916 942 933 914 912
11 Sikkim 875 889 963 944 861 883
12 Arunachal Pradesh 893 920 964 960 878 913
13 Nagaland 900 931 964 944 890 929
14 Manipur 974 987 957 934 977 995
15 Mizoram 935 975 964 971 930 976
16 Tripura 948 961 966 953 945 962
17 Meghalaya 972 986 973 970 971 989
18 Assam 935 954 965 957 929 953
19 West Bengal 934 947 960 950 929 946
20 Jharkhand 941 947 965 943 935 948
21 Orissa 972 978 953 934 976 985
22 Chhattisgarh 989 991 975 964 992 995
23 Madhya Pradesh 919 930 932 912 916 933
24 Gujarat 920 918 883 886 927 923
25 Daman & Diu # 710 618 926 909 682 589
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 812 775 979 924 779 752
27 Maharashtra 922 925 913 883 924 931
28 Andhra Pradesh 978 992 961 943 981 997
29 Karnataka 965 968 946 943 968 971
30 Goa 961 968 938 920 964 973
31 Lakshadweep # 948 946 959 908 946 951
32 Kerala 1058 1084 960 959 1,072 1,099
33 Tamil Nadu 987 995 942 946 993 1,000
34 Puducherry # 1001 1038 967 965 1,006 1,047
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 846 878 957 966 831 868

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 19

 ( )
Literates and literacy rates by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Literates Literacy rate (%)
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14
INDIA 778,454,120 444,203,762 334,250,358 74.04 82.14 65.46
01 Jammu & Kashmir 7,245,053 4,370,604 2,874,449 68.74 78.26 58.01
02 Himachal Pradesh 5,104,506 2,791,542 2,312,964 83.78 90.83 76.60
03 Punjab 18,988,611 10,626,788 8,361,823 76.68 81.48 71.34
#
04 Chandigarh 809,653 468,166 341,487 86.43 90.54 81.38
05 Uttarakhand 6,997,433 3,930,174 3,067,259 79.63 88.33 70.70
06 Haryana 16,904,324 9,991,838 6,912,486 76.64 85.38 66.77
#
07 NCT of Delhi 12,763,352 7,210,050 5,553,302 86.34 91.03 80.93
08 Rajasthan 38,970,500 24,184,782 14,785,718 67.06 80.51 52.66
09 Uttar Pradesh 118,423,805 70,479,196 47,944,609 69.72 79.24 59.26
10 Bihar 54,390,254 32,711,975 21,678,279 63.82 73.39 53.33
11 Sikkim 449,294 253,364 195,930 82.20 87.29 76.43
12 Arunachal Pradesh 789,943 454,532 335,411 66.95 73.69 59.57
13 Nagaland 1,357,579 731,796 625,783 80.11 83.29 76.69
14 Manipur 1,891,196 1,026,733 864,463 79.85 86.49 73.17
15 Mizoram 847,592 438,949 408,643 91.58 93.72 89.40
16 Tripura 2,831,742 1,515,973 1,315,769 87.75 92.18 83.15
17 Meghalaya 1,817,761 934,091 883,670 75.48 77.17 73.78
18 Assam 19,507,017 10,756,937 8,750,080 73.18 78.81 67.27
19 West Bengal 62,614,556 34,508,159 28,106,397 77.08 82.67 71.16
20 Jharkhand 18,753,660 11,168,649 7,585,011 67.63 78.45 56.21
21 Orissa 27,112,376 15,326,036 11,786,340 73.45 82.40 64.36
22 Chhattisgarh 15,598,314 8,962,121 6,636,193 71.04 81.45 60.59
23 Madhya Pradesh 43,827,193 25,848,137 17,979,056 70.63 80.53 60.02
24 Gujarat 41,948,677 23,995,500 17,953,177 79.31 87.23 70.73
#
25 Daman & Diu 188,974 124,911 64,063 87.07 91.48 79.59
#
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 228,028 144,916 83,112 77.65 86.46 65.93
27 Maharashtra 82,512,225 46,294,041 36,218,184 82.91 89.82 75.48
28 Andhra Pradesh 51,438,510 28,759,782 22,678,728 67.66 75.56 59.74
29 Karnataka 41,029,323 22,808,468 18,220,855 75.60 82.85 68.13
30 Goa 1,152,117 620,026 532,091 87.40 92.81 81.84
#
31 Lakshadweep 52,914 28,249 24,665 92.28 96.11 88.25
32 Kerala 28,234,227 13,755,888 14,478,339 93.91 96.02 91.98
33 Tamil Nadu 52,413,116 28,314,595 24,098,521 80.33 86.81 73.86
#
34 Puducherry 966,600 502,575 464,025 86.55 92.12 81.22
35 Andaman & Nicobar Island 293,695 164,219 129,476 86.27 90.11 81.84

20 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

 Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Population aged 7 years and above
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
Persons Males Females
1 2 6 7 8
INDIA 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022
01 Jammu & Kashmir 10,540,284 5,584,899 4,955,385
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,092,645 3,073,211 3,019,434
03 Punjab 24,762,666 13,041,557 11,721,109
04 Chandigarh # 936,733 517,095 419,638
05 Uttarakhand 8,787,908 4,449,409 4,338,499
06 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274
07 NCT of Delhi # 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050
08 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222
09 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002
10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341
11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050
13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025
14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439
15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104
16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464
17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706
18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126
19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012
20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889
21 Orissa 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238
22 Chhattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240
23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307
24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456
25 Daman & Diu # 217,031 136,544 80,487
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 293,657 167,603 126,054
27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462
28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296
29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005
30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186
31 Lakshadweep # 57,341 29,391 27,950
32 Kerala 30,065,430 14,325,355 15,740,075
33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617
34 Puducherry # 1,116,854 545,553 571,301
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 340,447 182,236 158,211

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 21

Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Population aged 7 years and above
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
Persons Males Females
1 2 6 7 8
INDIA 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022
01 Jammu & Kashmir 10,540,284 5,584,899 4,955,385
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,092,645 3,073,211 3,019,434
03 Punjab 24,762,666 13,041,557 11,721,109
04 Chandigarh # 936,733 517,095 419,638
05 Uttarakhand 8,787,908 4,449,409 4,338,499
06 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274
07 NCT of Delhi # 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050
08 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222
09 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002
10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341
11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050
13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025
14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439
15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104
16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464
17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706
18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126
19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012
20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889
21 Orissa 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238
22 Chhattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240
23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307
24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456
25 Daman & Diu # 217,031 136,544 80,487
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 293,657 167,603 126,054
27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462
28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296
29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005
30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186
31 Lakshadweep # 57,341 29,391 27,950
32 Kerala 30,065,430 14,325,355 15,740,075
33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617
34 Puducherry # 1,116,854 545,553 571,301
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 340,447 182,236 158,211

22 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

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„ѨÉ∞íè `«fi, „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºOÖ’ D `«~Ç° ¨ ~Ô Ö· fiË
HÍi_®~ü W^Õ „Ѩ^äŒ=∞O. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ QÆO@ Ѩ>Ëì
„ѨÜ∂« }O D ~Ô Å· ∞ =∂~°Oæ `À 18 xq∞ëêʼnõΩ
`«yæáÈ`«∞Ok.
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~À^Œã‘ ~°OQÆO
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K«O„^Œ∞xÃÑ· QÆ∞ǨÏ
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ JO`«iHõΔ Ñ¨iâ’^èŒ# ã¨Oã¨÷‰õΩ
K≥Ok# âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ K«O„^Œ∞x Éèí∂QÆ~°ƒùOÖ’ ÉèÏs
Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ L#fl QÆ∞ǨÏ#∞ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. D
„Ѩ ^ Õ â ◊ O Éè í q +¨ º `« ∞ Î Ö ’ K« O „^Œ ∞ xÃÑ· H ˜ "≥ à ı ¡
"Àº=∞QÍ=ÚÅ∞ KÕÑ>¨ ìË Ñ¨iâ’^èÅŒ ‰õΩ ™ê÷=~°O (ÉËãπ
HͺOÑπ)QÍ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_Õ J=HÍâ◊O LOk.
K«O„^ŒÜ«∂<£-1 „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ >ˇ„Ô~~Ú<£
=∂ºÑ≤OQ∑ ÔH"≥∞~å, ÃÇ·ÏѨ~ü ÃãÊ„HõìÖò W"Õ∞[~ü
(ÃÇÏKü"Z·≥ ãπS) ѨOÑ≤# _®\Ï#∞ qâı+¡ O≤ z# ¿ãÊãπ
JÑ≤¡ˆH+¨<£ ÃãO@~ü âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ K«O„^Œ∞xÃÑ· 1.2
H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ á⁄_»"#·≥ @∂ºÉò PHÍ~°OÖ’ L#fl MÏm
„Ѩ"âÕ ßxfl QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. QÆ`O« Ö’ D @∂ºÉòÖ’Oz
25
ÖÏ"å „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOzO^Œx âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
D „Ѩ^âÕ O◊ , K«O„^Œ∞x =∞^躌 ~ˆ Y‰õΩ H˘OK≥O ÃÑ·
LO_»\ÏxH˜, ÉèÏs ѨiHõ~åÅ∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ gÅ∞
D QÆ∞ǨÏÖ’ LOk. D QÆ∞Ç¨Ï JHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°}
Ѩiã≤`÷ ∞« Å #∞Oz "Àº=∞QÍ=ÚÅ#∞ ~°HãΔ̃ ∞¨ OÎ ^Œx
¿ãÊãπ JÑ≤Hˆ¡ +¨<£ ÃãO@~ü‰Ωõ K≥Ok# âß„ã¨"Î `Õ Î« UZãπ,
P~°º `≥eáê~°∞.
áêÅѨÙO`«Ö’ 5 "ÕÅ HÀ@¡
„QÆǨÅ∞
=∞# áêÅѨÙO`«Ö’ `˘e™êiQÍ „QÆÇ¨ Å
ã¨OYº#∞ âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ÖˇH˜¯OKå~°∞. Wq 5 "ÕÅ
HÀ@¡ „QÆÇ¨ Å∞ L#fl@∞¡ `ÕÖÏÛ~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ 50
HÀ@¡ „QÆÇ¨ Å∞ QÀe¤ÖÏH±û „áêO`«OÖ’ (JO`« L+¨Oì
QÍ#∞, JO`« j`« Å OQÍ#∞ LO_» x
"å`å=~°}OÖ’) L#fl@∞¡ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. g\˜Ö’
r=O LO_Õ J=HÍâ◊O LO^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞.
WO^Œ∞HÀã¨O J"≥∞iHÍ JO`«iHõΔ Ñ¨iâ’^è#Œ ã¨Oã¨÷
(<å™ê)‰õ Ω K≥ O k# Ô H Ѩ ¡ ~ ü >ˇ e ™È¯Ñ¨ Ù #∞
LѨÜ≥∂yOKå~°∞. D >ˇe™È¯Ñ¨Ù JOkOz#
„áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ Ѷe¨ `åÅ P^è•~°OQÍ „QÆÇ¨ Å ã¨OYº#∞
=∞kOѨ٠"Õâß~°∞.
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~°H}Δõ ~°OQÆO
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~°ë꺉õÄ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ JO`«iHõΔ xѶ¨∂
=º=ã¨÷
=º‰õ Ω Î Å ∞, "åǨ Ï <åÅ∞ ÖË ^ • =∞ˆ ~
=ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ<≥<· å ã¨~ˆ JO`«iHõOΔ #∞OKÕ QÆ∞iÎOK«QeÆ Qˆ
=º=ã¨÷ QÀ¡|Öò á⁄l+¨xOQ∑ ã≤ã¨ì"£∞ (rÑ‘Zãπ)
J"≥∞iHÍ Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ D =º=㨉÷ Ωõ n@∞QÍ
~°ëêº ‰õÄ_® 'QÀ¡<åãπ— ¿Ñi@ <åqˆQ+¨<£ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞
„áê~°OaèOzOk. QÀ¡<åãπ-HÔ LѨ„QÆÇ¨ xfl fã¨∞HÔ o¡#
™ÈÜ«∞*ò-2 ~åÔH\ò ^•xfl q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ HõHΔõ ºÖ’
„Ѩ"Õâ◊ ÃÑ@ìQÆeyO^Œx ÃѶ_»~°Öò ¿ãÊãπ U*ˇhû
„ѨH\õ O˜ zOk. D =º=㨉÷ Ωõ ã¨O|OkèOz# „Ѩ^•è #
Ѩ s Hõ Δ Å ∞ x~° fi Ç≤ Ï Oz#@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. D
LѨ„QÆÇ¨ xfl HõHΔõ ºÖ’ „Ѩ"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ>ËOì ^Œ∞‰õΩ ~°ëêº Z<Àfl
™ê~°∞¡ „ѨÜ≥∂QÍÅ∞ KÕã≤ qѶ¨Å"≥∞ÿOk. =~°∞ã¨
"≥·Ñ¶¨ÖϺʼnõΩ P„QÆǨÏO K≥Ok# P ^Õâ◊ J^茺‰õΔΩ_»∞
"≥∞^≥fi^≥"£ JO`«iHõΔ ˆHO„^•xH˜ K≥Ok# W^ŒÌ~°∞
L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ q^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz `˘ÅyOKå~°∞.
Z@ìˆHʼnõΩ QÀ¡<åãπ HõHõΔ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ~°∞HÀ=_»O`À
âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ TÑ≤i Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. 2012 HõÖÏ¡
„Ѩu "åǨÏ#OÖ’ QÀ¡<åãπ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ U~åÊ@∞KÕã≤
xѶ∂¨ LOKåÅ<Õk ~°ëêº ÅHõΔ ºO. JÖψQ `«=∞
^Õ â ◊ O ÃÑ· H˜ Δ Ñ ¨ } ˜ ^•_» ∞ Å#∞ =ÚO^Œ ∞ QÍ<Õ
x"åiOKÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω D =º=㨠÷ # ∞
LѨÜ∂≥ yOK«∞HÀ=K«Ûx qâı+¡ ‰¨ Ωõ Å∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞.
 x~À^èŒHõ HΔ̃Ѩ}˜ ѨsHõΔ
q[Ü«∞=O`«O
ÉèÏ~°`ü ^ÕjÜ«∞OQÍ Jaè=$kú KÕã≤#
'x~À^èHŒ õ HΔ̃Ñ}
¨ —˜ x q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ „ѨÜ∂≥ yOz
D ѨsHõΔ HÀã¨O „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ Ñ¨$näfi H˜ΔѨ}˜H˜
=∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕã≤ â◊„`«∞^Õâ◊Ѩ٠ÉÏeã≤ìH± H˜ΔѨ}˜QÍ
„ѨÜ∂≥ yOKå~°∞. LѨi`«ÅO #∞Oz LѨi`«ÅO
g∞^Œ ^•_çK¿Õ ã ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ }¨ ˜ QÍÖ’¡ ÖËz# =¸_»∞
xq∞ëêňH x~À^èŒHõ H˜ΔѨ}˜ (J_®fi<£û_£ Z~Ú~ü
_çÃѶ<£û-UU_ô) f~°O "≥O|_ç U~åÊ@∞KÕã≤#
~å_®~°¡ ™êÜ«∞O`À ^•xfl Ѩã≤QÆ\ ì̃ ‰õÄÖËÛã≤Ok.
|OQÍàÏMÏ`«OÖ’ Éè∂í q∞H˜ 16 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ Z`«∞#Î
ÅHΔͺxfl KèÕkOzOk.
`˘Å∞`« Xi™êû f~° O Ö’ L#fl
KåOnѨ Ó ~ü #∞Oz ÉÏeã≤ ì H ± H˜ Δ Ñ ¨ } ˜ x
|OQÍàÏMÏ`«O g∞^Œ‰Ωõ „ѨÜ∂≥ yOKå~°∞. f~åxH˜
70 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ 'gÅ~üû nq—Ö’ L#fl
'x~À^äŒHõ H˜ΔѨ}˜— f~°OÖ’ J=∞iÛ# Ãã#û~°¡
™êÜ«∞O`À ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ } ¨ ˜ QÆ=∞<åxfl QÆ∞iÎOzOk.
â◊|Ì "ÕQÍxH˜ 4.5 ~Ô @¡ "ÕQOÆ `À PHÍâßxH˜ ZQÆã≤
^•xfl‰õÄÖËÛã≤Ok.
ÉèÏ~°`ü UU_ô 30 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ Z`«∞=Î ~°‰Ωõ
=KÕÛ ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ }¨ ∞efl ‰õÄÅÛQÆÅ^Œ∞. nx á⁄_»=Ù
U_»∞ g∞@~°∞.¡ XHõ JOK≥ ~åÔH\ò`À #_çKÕ x~À^èHŒ õ
H˜ΔѨ}˜. kâß xˆ~Ìâ◊OKÕ¿ã =º=ã¨÷ JO`«~°æ`«OQÍ
LO@∞Ok. Éè∂í g∞‡^Œ L#fl ѨÅ∞ KÀ@¡ J=∞iÛ#
Ãã#û~°∞¡ ѨOÑ≤OKÕ _Õ\Ï#∞ HΔ̃Ñ} ¨ Ö˜ ’x HõOѨӺ@~ü
=º=ã¨÷ qâı¡+≤ã¨∂Î =∂~åæxfl =∂~°∞ʉõΩO@∞Ok.
ÅHΔͺxfl KèkÕ ã¨∞OÎ k. Éè∂í "å`å=~°}O ZQÆ∞=#
„ѨÜ∂« }˜ã∂¨ Î HΔ̃Ñ} ¨ ∞Å#∞ ‰õÄÖËÛ UU_ôÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_®
ÉèÏ~°`ü `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ™ÈÎOk. nxH˜ Ô~O_»OK≥Å
~åÔH\ò#∞ J=∞~°∞™êÎ~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`ü x~À^èŒHõ HΔ̃Ѩ}˜x
„ѨÜ∂≥ yOK«_O» Wk P~À™êi. XHõ¯™êi =∂„`«"∞Õ
qѶ¨Å=∞~ÚºOk. `˘e „ѨÜ≥∂QÆO 2006Ö’
[iyOk.
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Ãã<· û£ JO_£ >ˇHÍflÅr
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Ñ„ Ѩ O¨ K«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ Qͺãπ
@Ô~·ƒ<£
„ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ Qͺãπ@Ô~·ƒ<£#∞
`« = ∞ Ü« ¸ x\ò `« Ü « ∂ ~° ∞ KÕ ã ≤ O ^Œ x Éè ˇ Ö ò
(ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£) D_ô P~ü.Hõ$+¨‚<£ `≥eáê~°∞. 250
"≥∞QÍ"å@¡ q^Œ∞º^Œ∞`«ÊuÎ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO Hõey# D
Qͺãπ @Ô~·ƒ<£‰õΩ ~°∂.120 HÀ@∞¡ "≥zÛOz#@∞¡
`≥eáê~°∞. J"≥∞iH͉õΩ K≥Ok# rD ã¨Oã¨÷
ã¨ÇϨ HÍ~°O`À `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã#≤ nxx QÆ∞[~å`üÖ’x
Ñ≤Ѩ"å"£ J<Õ ã¨Oã¨÷ J~°¤~ü WzÛO^Œx `«fi~°Ö’<Õ
JO^Œ*Ü Ë ∞« #∞#fl@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
ã¨∂Ѩ~ü "≥∞ÿ„HÀ™È¯Ñπ Pq+¨¯~°}
„ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`« â◊H˜Î=O`«"≥∞ÿ#
"≥∞„ÿ HÀ™È¯Ñπ (ã¨∂HõΔ ‡^Œi≈x) #∞ Ü«¸x=iû\© PѶπ
=∂OK≥ãì̈~ü âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. „a\˜+π
Ѩiâ’^茉õΩÅ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O`À "å~°∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤#
D H˘`«Î PÑ≤ìHõÖò "≥∞ÿ„HÀ™È¯Ñ¨Ù`À "≥·~°ãπ Hõ}ÏÅ∞
[i¿Ñ K«~°ºÅ#∞ Ãã·`«O K«∂_»=K«∞Û. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«
ã¨∂HõΔ ‡^Œi≈#∞Å Hõ<åfl 20 Ô~@∞¡ JkèHõ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO
QÆ Å D Ѩ i Hõ ~ ° O `À 50 <å<Àg∞@~° ¡
Ѩi=∂}OÖ’x =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® gHΔ̃OK«=K«∞Û.
XHõ ÃãO\© g ∞@~ü ‰ õ Ω HÀ\˜ <å<À g∞@~° ∞ ¡
ã¨=∂#=Ù`åÜ«∞O>Ë WHõ 50 <å<Àg∞@~°O¡ >Ë ZO`«
ã¨∂HõΔ ‡"≥∂ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. JO^Œ∞ˆH J`«ºO`«
㨠∂ Hõ Δ ‡ Ѩ i =∂}OÖ’x =㨠∞ Î = ÙÅ#∞
K«∂Ñ≤OK«QÆÅ_»OÖ’ Wk „ѨѨOK« iHÍ~°∞¤ Jx
J^茺ܫ∞# |$O^ŒO ™ê~°kä „á⁄ÃѶã¨~ü e<£b
"≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. 20 <å<Àg∞@~°¡ "åºã¨OÖ’ LO_Õ
[Å∞|∞ "≥~· ã° π ÖÏO\˜ "≥~· ã° π Hõ}ÏŠ֒Ѩe ÉèÏQÍxfl
‰õÄ_® nx`À gHΔ̃OK«=K«Û<åfl~°∞. nO`À ã¨r=
"≥·~°ãπ Hõ}ÏO`«~åƒùQÍÅ#∞ ZÖÏO\˜ ~°OQÆ∞Å∞
"å_» ‰ õ Ω O_® <Õ ~ ° ∞ QÍ K« ∂ ¿ã J=HÍâ◊ O
U~°Ê_ç#O^Œ∞# Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’ "≥·~°ãπÅ∞, r=
B+¨^è•ÅÃÑ· J^茺ܫ∞#OÖ’ qѨ¡"å`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
KÀ@∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ#∞<åflÜ«∞x b `≥eáê~°∞.
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„H©_®~°OQÆO
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=Úyã≤# 34= *ÏfÜ«∞ H„ _
© Å
» ∞
P~°∞ ™ê~°∞¡ ~Ô O_Õà√◊ ¡ PÅ㨺O WÖÏ J<ÕHõ
P~°OÉèí qѶ∂¨ flÅ#∞ ^•\˜ *Ï~°Oö _£Ö’ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz#
34= *ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_Å» ∞ Z@ìHˆ ʼnõΩ HõOzH˜ KÕ~å~Ú.
Ѷ„≤ |=i -12# „áê~°OÉè"í ∞≥ #ÿ „H©_Å» ‰õΩ Ñ¶„≤ |=i
26 =ÚyOѨ٠L`«û=O`À `≥~°Ñ¨_çOk. ™êì~ü
P@QÍà◊√¡ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok ^Œ∂~°O HÍ=@O, „HỖH\ò
„ѨÑO¨ K«HÑõ π ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ [~°Q@Æ O`À H˘O`« Hõà◊
`«ÑÊ≤ <å Ü«Ú= P@QÍà◊‰¡ Ωõ =∂„`«O `«=∞ ã¨`åÎ
K«∂Ñ≤OKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ K«Hõ¯\˜ J=HÍâ◊O HõeyOk.
ã¨sfiÃããπ ™ÈÊ~üì û HõO„\’Öò É’~ü¤ (Z<£Zãπã‘c)
J^Œ∞ƒù`"« ∞≥ #ÿ „Ѩ^~Œ ≈° #Å`À 162 Ѩ`H« ÍÅ∞ ™êkèOz
*ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_»Ö’¡ =∞~À™êi `«# PkèHͺxfl
xÅɡ@∞ì‰Ωõ Ok. WO^Œ∞Ö’ 70 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ LO_»@O
qâı+¨O. 48 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ ã¨Ç¨ 118 Ѩ`«HÍÅ∞
ÔQÅ∞Û‰õΩ#fl =∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü =~°∞ã¨QÍ Ô~O_À™êi Ô~O_À
™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. 42 ã¨fi~å‚Å`À ("≥Ú`«OÎ 115
Ѩ`H« ÍÅ∞) ǨÏ~åº<å =¸_À ™ê÷#O ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩOk.
Pu^二 [@∞ì *Ï~°Oö _£‰Ωõ S^À ™ê÷#O (33 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞)
^ŒH¯õ QÍ, PO„^è„Œ Ѩ^âÕ ò 14= ™ê÷#O`À (5 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞)
ã¨iÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩOk.
26
PHõ@∞ì‰Ωõ #fl Ü«Ú= P@QÍà◊√¡
33 JOâßÖ’¡ 444 ã¨fi~å‚Å HÀã¨O
P@QÍà◊√¡ áÈ\©Ñ_¨ ®¤~∞° . +¨Ø\˜OQ∑, Hõ<À~ÚOQ∑-
HõÜ«∂H˜OQ∑, ~À~ÚOQ∑ qÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ u~°∞QÆ∞ÖËx
Pkè`«ºO Hõ#|iz# ã¨sfiÃããπ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Jxfl
Ѩ`«HÍÅ#∞ `«=∞ MÏ`åÖ’ "Õã¨∞‰õΩOk. =Ù+¨μ,
ÃÑxûOQ∑, ÃãH· O¡˜ Q∑ÅÖ’ `«=∞ ã¨`åÎ Kå\˜ =∞}˜ÑÓ¨ ~ü
Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩ`«HÍÅ∞ ÔQÅ∞K«∞HÀ=@O`À Ô~O_À
™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. Ô~l¡OQ∑ 14 ã¨fi~å‚Å#∂,
ÉÏH˜ûOQ∑Ö’ 7 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ QÔ Å∞K«∞H˘x ǨÏ~åº<å ã¨`åÎ
K«∂Ñ≤OzOk. ã≤fiq∞‡OQ∑Ö’ =∞Ǩ~å„+¨,ì _èbç ¡ ǨÏ"å
H˘#™êyOk. WO^Œ∞Ö’ =∞Ǩ~å„+ì̈ 13 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞
JO^Œ∞‰õΩOk. _èbç ¡ ã≤fi=∞‡~ü iKåq∞„âß UHõOQÍ
11 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ ("≥Ú`«ÎO 16 Ѩ`«HÍÅ∞) ÔQez
ã¨OK«Å#O ã¨$+≤Oì zOk. J`«ºkèHõ ã¨fi~å‚Å *ÏfÜ«∞
iHÍ~°∞#¤ ∞ iKå ã¨=∞O KÕãO≤ k.g~ü ^è•=Öò MÏ_Õ
(Hõ~å‚@Hõ) P~°∞ ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ <≥QÆæQÍ, ~å"Õ∞â◊fii^Õq
(Ãã·H˜¡OQ∑), ã≤x"≥∂Öò (Hõ<À~ÚOQ∑-HõÜ«∂H˜OQ∑),
náêHõ~°∞}ÏHõ~ü (l=∂flã≤ìH±û), ã¨Or"£ ~å*òѨÙ`ü
(+¨ Ø \˜ O Q∑ ) `« Ö Ï S^Œ ∞ 㨠fi ~å‚ Å ∞ MÏ`åÖ’
"Õ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω <åfl~° ∞ . P~° Û sÖ’ ™êì ~ ü P@QÍà◊ √ ¡
`«~∞° }ünÑπ~åÜü∞, nÑ≤H͉õΩ=∂i qѶŨ =∞Ü«∂º~°∞.
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Ѩ~åº=~°} L`«û"åʼnõΩ ÉèÏ~°`#ü ∞ "ÕkHõQÍ ZOÑ≤Hõ
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„ѨѨOK« "åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ r= "≥·q^茺OÃÑ· L`«û"åÅ∞
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S\˜ ~°OQÆOÑà · JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ã¨^㌠∞¨ û
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HõOÃÑhÅ Jkè<Õ`«Å∞ S\˜, ™êѶπì"Õ~ü ~°OQÆ
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ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Ö’¡ PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò "å\Ï 15 âß`«O.
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33,482 HÀ@¡ S\˜ L`«Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞ ~å„+ì̈O #∞Oz
ZQÆ ∞ =∞`« Ü « ∂ º~Ú. „Ѩ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « O ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£
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x[=∞=Ù`«∞<åflÜ«∞<åfl~°∞.
ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’ q^Õj
Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ ã¨^㌠∞¨ û
q^Õ â ßÖ’¡ Éè Ï ~° f Ü« Ú Å‰õ Ω Láêkè
J=HÍâßÅ "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞, HÍi‡‰õΩÅ Éè„í ^Œ`#« ∞Ѩ\ +˜ Oì̈
KÕ¿ã kâ◊QÍ ˆHO„^Œ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO J_»∞QÆ∞Å∞ "Õ™ÈÎOk.
qq^Œ q^Õj ã¨Oã¨Å÷ Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ`À F ã¨^㌠∞¨ û
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28
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„Ѩ=ÚY ã¨Oã¨Å÷ Ü«∞[=∂#∞Å∞ Ǩ[~°Ü∂« º~°∞.
PÜ«∂ ^ÕâßÖ’¡, ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅÃÑ·
"å~°∞ K«iÛ™êÎ~°∞. x~å‡}O, Pu^䌺O, "≥·^ŒºO
`«k`«~°~°OQÍÖ’¡ WHõ¯_» JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ L#fl
ã¨∞tHΔ̃`« =∂#= =#~°∞Å QÆ∞iOz Hˆ O„^Œ, 15
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㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û#∞ „Ѩ " å㨠Éè Ï ~° f Ü« ∞ =º=Ǩ  ~åÅ
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eq∞>ˇ_£ (FZOã‘UÑ‘), PO„^è„Œ Ѩ^âÕ ò „ѨÉ∞íè `«fiO`À
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qq^èŒ =$uÎ <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }º HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞, Ѩ^HŒä ÍÅ#∞
QÆÖòÊù ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° =∞O_»e (rã‘ã‘), W`«~° ^ÕâßʼnõΩ
q=iOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨^㌠∞¨ û#∞ "ÕkHõQÍ KÕã∞¨ HÀ"åÅx
ˆHO„^ŒO ÉèÏq™ÈÎOk. ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞Oz 㨄Hõ=∞
=Åã¨Å#∞ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_O» J„Hõ=∞Å =Åã¨Å#∞
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x~° fi Ç≤ Ï ã¨ ∞ Î # fl@∞¡ Q Í<Õ q^Õ j Ü« ∂ [=∂<åºÅ
㨠^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx ˆ H O„^Œ O
Ü≥∂z™ÈÎOk.
^Õ â ◊ O Ö’ `˘e™êiQÍ [~° ∞ QÆ ∞ `« ∞ #fl
ã¨^Œã¨∞û „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ JOâßÅÃÑ· ^Œ$+≤ì
Hˆ O„nHõiOK«#∞Ok. Jq.
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ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# q^è•#Ѩ~°
JOâßÅ∞.
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HÍi‡‰õ Ω Å‰õ Ω =∞^è Œ º 㨠O |O^è • Å
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Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ∞ Láêkè HõeÊOK«_®xfl
„áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»O.
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=∞O„`∞« Å ã¨^㌠∞¨ û
l-20 ^Õ â ßÅ Pi÷ H õ =∞O„`« ∞ Å∞,
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ã¨O|OkèOz# 500 XѨÊO^•Å∞ ‰õΩk~å~Ú.
Éè Ï ~° ` ü qq^è Œ ^Õ â ßÅ`À 13 XѨ Ê O^•Å∞
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„Ѩ}Éò =ÚYs˚ `≥eáê~°∞. Ѩ#∞fl ZQÆ"`Õ ,« #Å¡^#Œè O
`«~°eOѨÙ#∞ J_»∞¤HÀ=_®xH˜ D XѨÊO^•Å∞
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ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
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Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ ã¨ik^ÕOÌ ^Œ∞‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® Pi÷Hõ
=∞O„`«∞Å∞ XѨÊO^•xH˜ =KåÛ~°∞.
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WO_çÜ∂« , Ü«¸x=iû\© PѶπ ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ D
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Qͺ_»~‰ü Ωõ K≥Ok# 1976 ÉϺKü SUZãπ JkèHÍi
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QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠`≥KåÛ~°∞.
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QÆ∞[~å`ü 7.71 ÅHõÅΔ @#∞flÅ∞, `«q∞à◊<å_»∞ 5.34
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WzÛ# ed`«ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ ã¨=∂^è•#OÖ’ "≥Å_¡ Oç Kå~°∞.
"Õ∞ <å\˜H˜ ¿Ñ^ŒÅ QÆ∞iÎOѨÙ
q^è•#OÃÑ· x"ÕkHõ
Ѩ@}ì OÖ’ ^•i„^Œº ~ˆ Y‰õΩ kQÆ∞=Ù# L#fl
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Hõq∞\©x U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok. 'D Hõq∞\© `«#
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„^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O Ѷ≤„|=i 18 #∞Oz J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜
=zÛOk. 2011, [#=i <≥ʼnõΩ qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^è~Œ Å°
ã¨∂p (ã‘ÑS‘ ) 6 âß`«O ÃÑiy 106 áê~ÚO@¡‰Ωõ
KÕiOk. QÆ`« U_®k (2010) ã¨QÆ@∞ 100
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<≥ Å "ås J㨠Š∞ ÃÑ~° ∞ QÆ ∞ ^Œ Å #∞ áÈeÛ
Öˇ H õ ¯ Hõ @ ì _ ®xH˜ WOHÍ U_®káê@∞ PQÍeû
LO@∞Ok. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ^èŒ~°Å
Hõ^ŒeHõÅ#∞ =∞iO`«QÍ „ѨuaOaOKÕ q^èŒOQÍ
H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ =Å¡
qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^èŒ~°Ö’¡ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ZѨÊ\˜HõѨÙÊ_»∞
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Ѩã≤QÆ\ ˜ì JO^Œ∞‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ x~°‚Ü«∂Å∞
fã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ i[~°∞fi ÉϺO‰õΩ, „ѨÉèí∞`åfixH˜
gÅ∞O@∞Ok. JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« „áêuѨkHõ`À áê@∞
„QÍg∞}, Ѩ@}ì qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂pÅ#∞
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q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕãO≤ k. [#=i <≥ʼnõΩ „QÍg∞} ã‘ÑS‘
107 áê~ÚO@∞¡, Ѩ@}ì ã‘ÑS‘ 104 áê~ÚO@∞¡QÍ
#"≥∂^≥·Ok. H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ`À qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å
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LO_®eû# J=ã¨~°O LO^Œx Pi÷Hõ "Õ`«ÎÅ∞
Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ѩ_®¤~°∞.
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„áêO`åʼnõΩ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ^èŒ~°Å
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PǨ~°O, áêhÜ«∂Å∞, áê^Œ~°HõΔÅ∞, ^Œã¨∞ÎÅ∞,
W`« ~ åÅ qÉè Ï QÍÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. <≥ Å "ås
„áêuѨkHõ# qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^•~°∞Å ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂pÅ#∞
„ѨÉèí∞`«fiO q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã¨∞ÎOk.
P =¸_»∞ ~å„ëêìÖ’¡ JkèHOõ :
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ZãπÑ≤Öò ã¨Oã¨÷ „ѨѨOK«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ
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APPSC ASSISTANT ENGINEERS &

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Asst. Chemical Examiners

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GENERAL STUDIES
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Exam Held On: 20-03-2011
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3) Ü«∞[˝=e¡HÍ 4) J~°ºÉè@í ì 1) 1835 2) 1935
24. JO_»=∂<£ûÖ’ ÃãÅ∞ºÅ~ü HÍ~åQÍ~°=Ú U ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú# „áê~°OaèOѨ|_ç#k? 3) 1882 4) 1919
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3) 1885 4) 1947 1) 61 2) 16 (1)
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U=~°∞? (4) 1) â◊s~° „Ѩ^•è # ^è•`«∞=ÙʼnõΩ 2) ã¨ÇϨ ["≥∞#ÿ JO@∞ "åº^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz
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30. HÔ #~å ÉϺO‰õΩ ™ê÷ÑO≤ z# ã¨O=`«û~°O ? (-) 1) ã¨~Àlx<åÜ«Ú_»∞ 2) JxaÃãO@∞ (2)
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3) 1976 4) 1990
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1) 1952 2) 1971 (4)
qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú) ZHõ¯_» ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (3)
3) 1975 4) 1961
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1) 1977 2) 1968 (4) 3) =∞^躌 „Ѩ^âÕ òÖ’ Ju Z‰õΩ¯= yi[# [<åÉèÏ =Ù<åfl~°∞
3) 1955 4) 1987 4) =∞^躌 „Ѩ^âÕ òÖ’ yi[# [<åÉèÏ ÖË^∞Œ
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1) 1983 2) 1988 1) HÍO„ÔQã¨∞ 2) `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ^ÕâO◊
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ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 37

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51. *ÏfÜ«∞ Jaè=$kú =∞O_»e HõeÜ«Ú@? (2) 1) 2007 2) 2001
1) ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ XHõ¯ ™êi 2) ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ ~Ô O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ 3) 2003 4) 2008
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52. 12= Pi÷Hõ ã¨OѶ∞¨ O J^躌 ‰õΩΔ _»∞ Z=~°∞? (3) á⁄O^Œ∞ѨiKå~°∞?
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1) x|O^è#Œ 215 2) x|O^è#Œ 330 (3) 66. ÃÑ_¶ ~» Ö° ’ HÀ~°∞ì L#fl`« <åºÜ«∞™ê÷#=ÚQÍ =∂~°Û|_ç# ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú?
3) x|O^è#Œ 315 4) x|O^è#Œ 324 1) 1975 2) 1950 (2)
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1) 10 2) 12 (2) 1) ÖϿ㯠(Locke)
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1) 1920 2) 1919 1) 1865 2) 1853
3) 1908 4) 1930 3) 1901 4) 1935

38 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

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1) 1911 2) 1920 4) Z.ã≤.HõѨÓ~ü
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76. 1919 K«@=ì Ú „ѨHÍ~°O QÆ=~°fl~ü Ѩ^qŒ HÍÅO Zxfl ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞? 90. PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò ǨϺ_ç Ḧ́Ѷπì _≥=ÅÑπ"≥∞O\ò HÍ~˘Êˆ~+¨<£ ™ê÷xOz#k?
1) 2 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ 2) 6 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ (2) 1) 1962 2) 1982 (2)
3) 5 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ 4) 1 ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú 3) 1948 4) 1965
77. 1916 ÅHÀfl X_»O|_çH#õ ∞ =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4) 91. PO„^èŒ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O QÆ∞~°∞#Î ∞ Z=fi~°∞ "Õã#≤ "å~°∞? (3)
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Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~°∞? (2) 3) ɡ<å~åã¨∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
1) =~°¬O ^Õ=Ù_»∞ 2) =~°∞}ü 4) [=ǨÏ~°ÖÏÖò <≥„Ǩ˙ >ˇHflõ ÖÏlHõÖò qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
3) Jyfl 4) ã¨∂~°∞º_ç 94. XHõ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ã≤x=∂ #@∞_çx, PO„^èŒ Z"£∞.l.P~ü. Jx Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
81. 'ѨOK«`O« „`«— ~°K~« Ú`« U=~°∞? (4) 1) #O^Œ=¸i `å~°H~õ å=∞~å=Ù (1)
1) z#flÜ«∞º ã¨∂i 2) QÆ∞~°∞*Ï_» 2) JH˜¯<Õx <åˆQâ◊fi~° ~å=Ù
3) lO^•QÆ∞ 4) q+¨μâì ~◊ ‡° 3) Ü«∞ãπ.q.~°OQÍ~å=Ù
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áêeOK≥#∞? (1) 95. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ ã¨ÉÑíè u¨ „ѨÑO¨ K«OÖ’ U ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#k? (2)
1) 1199-1261 A.D. 2) 1050-1323 A.D. 1) ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O 2) ~°∂"åO_»
3) 1411-1530 A.D. 4) Wq UgHÍ=Ù 3) WOQÍ¡O_»∞ 4) J"≥∞iHÍ
83. ˆH.l.UѶπ. ZHõ¯_» =ÙOk? (1) 96. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÉèÏ~°`« Air Craft Carrier Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞ ? (1)
1) Hõ~åfl@Hõ 2) Xi™êû 1) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ. q„HÍOu 2) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.HõàϺ}˜
3) PO„^èŒ 4) ˆH~°à◊ 3) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.q"å\ò 4) g~°∞ Z=fi~°∞ HÍ~°∞
84. ~å}˜ ~°∞„^Œ∞=∞ ^Õq Z=i ‰õΩ=∂Ô~?· (2) 97. `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ã≤x=∂ 'â◊$uÅÜ«∞Å∞— áê@Å ~°K~« Ú`« Z=fi~°∞? (3)
1) Pâ’Hõ ~åA 2) ~°∞„^Œ=∞ ~åÜ«∞ 1) N N 2) ã≤.<å~åÜ«∞} ~Ô _ç¤
3) N Hõ$+¨‚ ^Õ"å~åÜ«∞ 4) =∞Ǩ^Õ"å K«„Hõ=iÎ 3) ã≤i"≥#flÅ ã≤`å~å=∞âß„ã≤Î 4) H˜~°"å}˜
85. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ LѨ„QÆÇϨ O „ѨÜ∂≥ QÆO ZѨC_»∞ [iyOk? 98. 'Good Friday' =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4)
1) 1972 2) 1962 (3) 1) Pãπ „ÃѶ·_Õ 2) QÍ_£û „ÃѶ·_Õ
3) 1975 4) 1985 3) ǨÑ≤ „ÃÑ_·¶ Õ 4) Wq Ug HÍ^Œ∞
86. „ѨÑO¨ K« ~Ô _£ „HÍãπ ~ÀA ZѨC_»∞? (4) 99. PO„^èŒ ^Õâ◊Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞ XHõ¯ Q˘Ñ¨Ê "åºáê~° x~°fiǨωõΩ_»∞? (3)
1) =∂iÛ 8# 2) [#=i 1# 1) \˜.„ѨHÍâ◊O 2) a. ™êO|=¸iÎ
3) _çÃãO|~ü 12# 4) "Õ∞ 8# 3) a. Ѩ\Ïìaè ã≤`å~å=∞Ü«∞º 4) Z<£.ã¨∞Éσ~å=٠ѨO`«∞Å∞

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 39

100. ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞Ö’ L™ê‡<£ =∞iÜ«Ú Ç≤Ï=∞Ü«∞H± ™êQÆ~‰ü Ωõ teÊQÍ =Ù#flk 110. K«„H©Ü∞« x~°∞^Àºy`« U~°Ê_®xH˜ U Pi÷Hõ JOâ◊O `À_»Ê_»∞`«∞Ok?
Z=fi~°∞? (4) 1) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•i Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2) ™ê=∂lHõ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ (1)
1) x*ÏO 2) L™ê‡<£ 3) q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 4) ã≤~÷ ° Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3) ã≤.q.~å=∞<£ 4) Z"£∞.qâıfiâ◊~°Ü«∞º 111. D „H˜Ok `≥eÑ≤# "å\˜Ö’ ã¨iÜ≥∞ÿ # ^•xx `≥Å∞ѨÙ=Ú : (4)
101. u=∞‡~°ã∞¨ D „H˜Ok `≥eÑ≤# "åiÖ’ U=iH˜ =∞O„uQÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞? „ѨH@õ #:
1) ~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ 2) Hͺ`«Ü∞« =~°‡ (4) ''g}#∞ g∞>Ë "å~°O^Œ~∞° QÍÜ«∞‰õΩÖË——
3) ™êÅ∞= #~°ã≤OǨÏ~åÜ«∞Å∞ 4) Hõ$+¨‚^Õ=~åÜ«∞Å∞ TÇ¨Ï :
102. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ^ÕjÜ«∞ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH˜ P^è•~åÅ∞ Uq∞? (3) i) g}#∞ g∞>Ë "å~°O^Œ~∞° nfifÜ«∞™ê÷#O
1) q^Õj `À_®Ê@∞ 2) ^ÕjÜ«∞ Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ѩ٠ii) JO^Œ~∞° =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ‰õÄ_» nfifÜ«∞™ê÷#O
3) |Ǩïà◊ *ÏfÜ«∞ HõOÃÑhÅ∞4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù 1) i) ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok
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Uk? (1) ZxflHõ J~Ú<å~°∞? (3)
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3) "≥∞„ÿ HÀ g∞@~°∞ 4) ÃÑi™È¯Ñπ 3) 5 4) 20
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A, C, D, G, - K. (4) ''~°q ##∞fl >ÿ̌"∞£ ZO`« J~Ú#k J_çy<å_»∞ :
1) N 2) M
1) <å QÆ_çÜ«∂~°O #∞O_ç
3) P 4) I
2) <å QÆ_Ü ç ∂« ~°OÖ’ ZO`« J~Ú#k
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4) <å QÆ_Ü ç ∂« ~°OÖ’ ã¨iQÍ ZO`« J~Ú#k
1) g}Ï 2) Ñ≤Å#¡ „QÀq
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3) r~å 4) `«O|∞~å
„ѨH@õ #:
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''=∞Ozh~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ∞@ P~ÀQͺxH˜ KåÅ =∞Ozk——
JHõ~Δ =° Ú g∞‰õΩ ‰õΩ_ç "≥Ñ· Ù¨ #∞O_ç 8= ™ê÷#OÖ’ =ÙO@∞Ok? (4)
TÇ¨Ï :
1) A 2) D
i) P~ÀQƺ =O`«∞Å∞ JO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞Oz h~°∞ `åy<å~°∞
3) Y 4) S
ii) `«‰Ωõ ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_O» P~ÀQͺxH˜ ǨxHÍ^Œ∞
108. QÀ_»Q_Æ Ü
ç ∂« ~°=ÚÖ’ HÍÅ=Ú 15 xq∞+¨=ÚʼnõΩ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ 3 QÆO@Å∞
1) ÃÑ#· `≥eÑ≤# ~Ô O_»∂ x[O HÍ^Œ∞
K«∂Ñ≤Oz#ѨÙ_»∞, KåÅ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ Dâß#º"≥Ñ· Ù¨ U ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ QÆ_Ü
ç ∂« ~°O
2) i) ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok
=ÙO@∞Ok? (3)
3) ii) ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok
1) "åÜ«Ú=º 2) Dâß#º
4) i) =∞iÜ«Ú ii) ‰õÄ_» ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok
3) JˆQflÜ«∞ 4) <≥·~°∞u
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109. A =∞iÜ«Ú B ZxflHõÅÖ’ áÈ\© KÕã<≤ å~°∞. A ‰õΩ 35 âß`«O F@∞¡
ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ 6 <≥ÅʼnõΩ =_ô¤ ZO`« J=Ù`«∞Ok? (3)
=zÛ<å 1500 F@∞¡ `Õ_®Ö’ F_çáÈ~Ú<å_»∞. F_çáÈ~Ú# "≥Ú`«OÎ
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F@∞¡ Zxfl? (-)
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1) 30,000 2) 15,000
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3) 32,500 4) 32,100 qq^èŒ ~åR QÆ=~°fl~°∞¡QÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞? (4)

40 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

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ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 41

 2) ^ŒH¯õ <£ ã≤"∞≥ O\òû - ǨïA~ü #QÆ~ü 1) 1765 2) 1780
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3) 5= â◊`åÉÏÌ# =∞ǨÏ=∞‡^£ W™ê¡=Ú =∞`«=Ú#∞ ™êÎÑO≤ z<å_»∞ 1) 1949 2) 1963
3) 1978 4) 1953
4) ÃÑ#· ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl=hfl HÍ^Œ∞
146. â◊√kÌKãÕ #≤ W#∞=Ú #∞O_ç =KÕÛ Ö’Ç¨ÏO? (3)
136. "Agriculture can not wait" J#∞ ѨÙãÎ̈H=õ Ú#∞ „"åã≤# "å~°∞
1) L‰õΩ¯
U=~°∞? (2)
2) áÈ`« (áÈã≤#) W#∞=Ú
1) J=∞~°Îºâ‹<£ 2) Ü«∞"£∞.Ü«∞ãπ.™êfiq∞<å^äŒ<£
3) QÆ\ Ñì˜ _¨ #ç W#∞=Ú
3) HÔ .qâ◊fi<å^ŒO 4) *ˇã=π O`ü ã≤OQ∑
4) ™ê^è•~°} W#∞=Ú
137. D „H˜O^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ã¨iÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (4)
147. ǨÏi XHõ¯ ÉϺ\ò#∞ ~°∂.750 fã¨∞H˘<åfl_»∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ^•xx ~°∂.675
1) =∂ºQÆflHÍ~°ì - 1948
Jq∞‡<å_»∞. J`«xH˜ =zÛ# #+¨ì âß`«=Ú ZO`«? (2)
2) ~åÜü∞ [#‡Oz#k - 1782
1) 20 âß`«=Ú 2) 10 âß`«=Ú
3) ^•^•ÉÏÜü∞ <Ò~Àr - 1935
3) 5 âß`«=Ú 4) 15 âß`«=Ú
4) =∂ºQÆflHÍ~°ì - 1858
148. ^Œ∂~åfiâß„ãÎ̈=Ú nxx `≥eÜ«∞KÕÜÚ« #∞? (3)
138. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú_»∞ „a\˜+π áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞Ö’ ã¨Éèí∞º_»∞QÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞?
1) =º=™êÜ«∞=Ú 2) =º=™êÜ«∞ Ji÷H=õ Ú
1) Ü«∞"£∞.ÔH.QÍOnè 2) "≥∂fÖÏÖò <≥„Ǩ˙ (3) 3) ѨzÛHõ 4) QÍA
3) ^•^•ÉÏÜü∞ <Ò~Àr 4) É’ã¨∞ 149. „H˜O^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ã¨~°fiOÖ’x [@OÖ’ ã¨iã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ# ã¨O|O^è•Å∞
139. ZHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç =∞Ǩ`«‡ QÍOnè KÕ`« 'k WO_çÜ∞« <£ FÑ≤x~Ú<£— „ѨK∞« ~°} Hõey=Ù#flq? (4)
KÕÜ«∞|_ç#k? (2) HõxHõ~°O - ^ŒÜ«∂à◊√`«fiO
1) ã¨|~ü=∞u 2) ^ŒH} Δ̃ P„ѶH≤ Í 1) „¿Ñ=∞ - ^Õfi+¨O
3) ~å*òHÀ\ò 4) _èbç ¡ 2) q∞„`«∞_»∞ - q~Àkè
140. "Eighteen Fifty Seven" J#∞ ѨÙãÎ̈HÍxfl Z=~°∞ „"åã≤<å~°∞? 3) =K«∞Û - áÈ=Ù
1) q._ç. ã¨=~üHÍ~ü 2) Ѩ>ÖË ò (3) 4) Ѩ_=» - <å=
3) Ü«∞ãπ.Z<£.Ãã<£ 4) =∞OQÆÖò áêO_Õ 150. ã¨|∞ƒ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =¸Å=Ú Uk? (3)
141. U ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú# B~°OQÆ*Ë|∞ POQÆ¡=Ú#∞ "åºáê~° xq∞`«Î=Ú 1) ã¨=Ú„^ŒÑÙ¨ #∞~°∞QÆ∞ 2) ™È_» LѨC
ɡOQÍÖòÖ’ J#∞=∞uOKå_»∞? (4) 3) ™È_» =∞iÜ«Ú y¡ãi¨ <£ 4) ™È_»

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