MOLETRONICS

MANISH KR. PATHAK

EC 3rd Yr.(A1)
0800131049
OVERVIEW
► INTRODUCTION
► WHAT IS MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS ???
► HISTORY
► WHY MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS ?????
► OPERATION
► ROADBLOCKS
 MOORE’S LAW
► Thenumber of transistors that can be fabricated
on a silicon integrated circuit and therefore the
computing speed of such a circuit is doubling
every 18 to 24 months.

► Afterfour decades, solid-state microelectronics

has advanced to the point at which 100 million
transistors, with feature size measuring 180 nm
can be put onto a few square centimeters of
silicon
INTRODUCTION
Molecular Electronics is recognized as a
key candidate to succeed the silicon based
technology once we have arrived at the
end of the semiconductor roadmap. The
use of organic molecules in nanoscale
nonlinear circuits offers many opportunities
for new types of devices, which will differ in
fabrication, functionality, and architecture
BASIC IDEA
MOLECTRONICS
Molecular electronics involves the
study and application of molecular
building blocks for the fabrication of
electronic components.
It investigates the electronic transport
and current flow at the molecular
level.
HISTORY OF MOLETRONICS
► 1950s- INVENTION OF TRANSISTOR

► 1956- ARTHUR VON GAVE IDEA ABOUT

MOLECULAR ENGINEERING
► 1960s & 1970s- EXPERIMENTS ALL AROUND THE
WORLD
► 1981-”STM” INVENTED (FIRST TOOL TO
PROVIDE ABILITY TO SEE AT ATOMIC
LEVEL)
WHY MOLETRONICS

► SMALLER SIZE
► NEW FUNCTIONALITIES
► POWER/ SPEED
► LOW MANUFACTURING COST
SIZE

► MolecularElectronics is a way to
extend Moore’s Law past the limits of
standard semiconductor Circuits.

► 100X smaller than their counterparts

POWER/SPEED
► Currently
Transistors cannot be stacked,
which makes them quite ineffecient!

► Molecular
technology will be able to add a 3
dimension.

► Femtoseconds switching times.

MANUFACTURING
► Most designs use either spin coating or
Self-Assembly process.

► Individual
Molecules can be made exactly
the same by the Billions.

► Molecular
assembly tends to occur at Room
Temperature.
MOLECULAR SWITCH
► Semiconductor switches can be made on a
very small scale.

► Perform computational functions when

placed in the right combination.

► Molecular switch is orders of magnitude

smaller.
OPERATION
► Inpractice, the switch is triggered by
light and controlled with an electric
field.
►Both of these actions can change the direction
of the molecule’s dipole by 180 degrees.
 MOLECULAR MATERIALS FOR
ELECTRONICS
► THIS
GENERALLY REFERS TO
“CONDUCTING POLYMERS”

► CONDUCTING POLYMERS ARE

ORGANIC POLYMERS THAT CONDUCTS
ELECTIRCITY IN BULK STATE (GOOD
CONDUCTIVITY).
Eg. CONDUCTING POLMERS
► POLYACTLENE
► POLYTHIOPENE
► POLYANILINE etc.
FUTURE
► SOONERSi BASED DEVICE WILL BE
REPLACED BY THE MOLECULAR BASED
ELECTRONIC DEVICES.
MOLETRONICS ROADBLOCKS
► Molecular electronics must still be integrated with Silicon.

► Among the important issues is the determination of the

resistance of a single molecule (both theortical and
experimental).

► Itis difficult to perform direct characterization since

imaging at the molecular scale is often impossible in
many experimental devices.

► Interconnection of two components at molecular level