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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BENIGN

AND MALIGNANT TUMORS .

Dr.Aaisha
DEFINITIONS
.
‡ BENIGN TUMOR;
A localized neoplasm.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMOR;
A neoplasm which has propensity to invade and
spread to sites other than its origin.
NOMENCLATURE

‡ BENIGN TUMORS;
--oma
MALIGNANT TUMORS;
--sarcoma ,carcinoma
Its not always the rule and there are exceptions e.g.
lymphoma is malignant.
DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA

‡ BENIGN TUMORS;
‡ well differentiated and resemble normal
cells.
‡ Do not show anaplasia.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS;
‡ Malignant neoplasms are characterized by a
wide range of parenchymal differentiation.
‡ Generally less differentiated and are anaplastic
LOCAL INVASION
‡ BENIGN TUMORS;
‡ Usually cohesive and expansile ,
‡ well demarcated masses that do not infiltrate
the surrounding tissues.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS;
‡ Locally invasive and infiltrate the
surrounding tissues.
RATE OF
GROWTH

‡ BENIGN TUMOR;
‡ Usually progressive and slow.
‡ May come to a standstill position or regress.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS;
‡ Erratic and rapid
‡ Invasive pattern
‡ Central area may show necrosis as rapidly growing
peripheral cells deprive them of their blood supply.
 METASTASIS,
RECRRENCE,
DEMARCATIONS..
‡ BENIGN TUMORS;
‡ Do not metastasize.
‡ Rarely reoccur after removal.
‡ Well demarcated because of fibrous capsule.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS;
‡ Metastasis marks the tumor malignant except for
gliomas and BCC ,all other metastasize.
‡ High recurrence rate.
‡ Do not have a capsule.
MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS .
‡ BENIGN TUMORS; Monomorphs,nuclei stain
normally,nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio 1:4.
‡ Mitotic figures rare and normal.
‡ Retain functional capabilities of its counterparts.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS; Polymorphic
cells,hyperchromatic cells,nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio 1:1
‡ Abundant atypical mitotic figures.
‡ Tumor giant cells present.
‡ May show elaborated unanticipated function.
MORTALITY
.
‡ BENIGN TUMOR;
‡ Usually not fatal. If death occurs ,its mostly due to
mechanical or obstructive causes.
‡ MALIGNANT TUMORS;
‡ Fatal if untreated.
‡ Cause of death is combination of mechanical and
destructive causes, together with blood loss.
secondary infection. starvation and ectopic sec.
‡ THANK YOU