1.

En la figura adjunta puede observarse un filtro Butterworth de cuarto orden

pasa baja. Obtenga el modelo de esta red eléctrica que relaciona el voltaje de
entrada (Ventrada(t)) con el voltaje de salida (Vsalida(t)).

Consideremos las ecuaciones del circuito eléctrico:

Ve (t ) = Rs ·i1 (t ) + L1 ·i1′ (t ) + Va (t )
C1 ·Va′(t ) = i1 (t ) − i2 (t )
Va (t ) = L2 ·i2′ (t ) + Vs (t )
C 2 ·Vs′(t ) = i2 (t ) − i3 (t ) ⎫ Vs ( t )
⎬ ⇒ C 2 ·Vs′(t ) = i2 (t ) −
Vs (t ) = RL ·i3 (t ) ⎭ RL

2. Determine y simplifique el diagrama de bloques del sistema.

Consideremos condiciones iniciales nulas, es decir en t=0 las variables que aparecen
derivadas son nulas:
( i1 (t = 0) = 0; i2 (t = 0) = 0;Va (t = 0) = 0.;Vs (t = 0) = 0. )
Además si consideramos estado estacionario, es decir derivadas nulas:
( i1′(t = 0) = 0; i2′ (t = 0) = 0;Va′(t = 0) = 0.;Vs′(t = 0) = 0. ).
Sucede cuando Ve (t = 0) = 0.

Apliquemos la transforma de Laplace a las ecuaciones del modelo:

Ve ( s ) = Rs ·i1 ( s ) + L1 ·(s·i1 ( s ) − i1 (t = 0) ) + Va ( s ) ⎫ Ve ( s ) = Rs ·i1 ( s ) + L1 ·s·i1 ( s ) + Va ( s ) ⎫

C1 ·(s·Va ( s ) − Va (t = 0) ) = i1 ( s ) − i2 ( s ) ⎪ C ·s·V ( s ) = i ( s ) − i ( s ) ⎪
⎪⎪ 1 a 1 2 ⎪⎪
Va ( s ) = L2 ·(s·i2 ( s ) − i2 (t = 0) ) + Vs ( s ) ⎬ ⇒ V a ( s ) = L2 · s ·i 2 ( s ) + V s ( s ) ⎬⇒
⎪ ⎪
C 2 ·(s·Vs ( s ) − Vs (t = 0) ) = i2 ( s ) − s
V ( s) V ( s)
⎪ C 2 ·s·Vs ( s ) = i2 ( s ) − s ⎪
RL ⎪⎭ RL ⎪⎭
⎫
(Ve ( s ) − Va ( s ) )⎫⎪
1 1
i1 ( s ) = G1 ( s ) =
L1 ·s + Rs L1 ·s + Rs ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪ i1 ( s ) = G1 ( s )·(Ve ( s ) − Va ( s ) ) ⎫ 1 ⎪
Va ( s ) =
1
(i1 ( s ) − i2 ( s ) ) ⎪ V ( s ) = G ( s )·(i ( s ) − i ( s ) ) ⎪ . Siendo: G2 ( s ) = ⎪
C1 ·s ⎪ ⎪ C1 ·s ⎪
⎬⇒
a 2 1 2
⎬ ⎬
i2 ( s ) =
1
(Va ( s ) − Vs ( s ) ) ⎪ 2 i ( s ) = G 3 ( s )·(Va ( s ) − V s ( s ) )⎪ G3 ( s ) =
1 ⎪
L2 ·s ⎪ Vs ( s ) = G4 ( s )·i2 ( s ) ⎪⎭ L2 ·s ⎪
⎪ ⎪
RL ⎪ RL ⎪
Vs ( s ) = i2 ( s ) G4 ( s ) =
R L C 2 ·s + 1 ⎪⎭ RL C 2 ·s + 1 ⎭⎪
Resultando el siguiente diagrama de bloques:

Desplazando el segundo nodo hacia la derecha:

Resolviendo el lazo de la parte derecha:

Siendo: G5 ( s ) = G3 ( s )·G4 ( s ) .
1 + G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )
Desplazando el primer nodo hacia la derecha:

Resolviendo el lazo de la parte superior: Siendo:

G2 ( s )·G5 ( s ) G ( s )·G5 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G6 ( s ) = = 2
G ( s )·G5 ( s ) G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G5 ( s )
1+ 2
G4 ( s )

Resolviendo el último lazo se obtiene la f.d.t que relaciona Vs(s) con Ve(s):

G2 ( s )·G5 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G1 ( s ) ·G5 ( s )
G1 ( s )·G6 ( s ) G ( s )·G6 ( s )·G5 ( s ) G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G5 ( s )
G( s) = = 1 = =
G1 ( s )·G6 ( s ) G5 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G6 ( s ) G2 ( s )·G5 ( s )·G4 ( s )
1+ G5 ( s ) + G1 ( s )
G5 ( s ) G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G5 ( s )
G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s )·G 2 5 ( s ) G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s )·G5 ( s )
= =
G5 ( s )(G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G5 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s ) ) G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G5 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s )
 G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s )
1 + G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G( s) = =
G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G4 ( s )
1 + G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )
G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G3 ( s )·G 2 4 ( s )
=
G4 ( s )(1 + G3 ( s )·G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G3 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G3 ( s )·G4 ( s ))

G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )

G( s) =
1 + G3 ( s )·G4 ( s ) + G2 ( s )·G3 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s ) + G1 ( s )·G2 ( s )·G3 ( s )·G4 ( s )