Sheet1

U W/m2K For
Polypropylene PP 24.5
Steel 25
Aluminum 25

1-2
Free Convection Gas - Free typical window, room to outside
Convection Gas air through glass
5 – 15
Free Convection Gas - Forced
liquid (flowing) water typical radiator central heating
5 – 20 typical steam radiators
Free Convection Gas -
Condensing Vapor Water
Forced Convection 3 – 10 superheaters
(flowing) Gas - Free
Convection Gas
Forced Convection 10 – 30 heat exchangers gases
(flowing) Gas -
Forced Convection Gas
Forced Convection 10 – 50 gas coolers
(flowing) Gas - Forced
liquid (flowing) water
Forced Convection 10 – 50 air heaters
(flowing) Gas - Condensing
Vapor Water
10 – 50 gas boiler
Liquid Free Convection -
Forced Convection Gas
25 – 500 oil bath for heating
Liquid Free Convection - Free
Convection Liquid
Liquid Free Convection - 50 – 100 heating coil in vessel water,
Forced Liquid flowing (Water) water without steering
, 500 - 2000 heating coil in vessel water,
water with steering
Liquid Free Convection - 300 - 1000 steam jackets around vessels
Condensing vapor water : with stirrers, water
150 - 500 other liquids
Forced liquid (flowing) water - 10 – 40 combustion chamber +
Free Convection Gas radiation

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Forced liquid (flowing) water - 500 – 1500 cooling coil – stirred

Free Convection Liquid

Forced liquid (flowing) water - 900 – 2500 heat exchanger water/water

Forced liquid (flowing) water

Forced liquid (flowing) water - 1000 – 4000 condensers steam water

Condensing vapor water

Boiling liquid water - Free 10 – 40 steam boiler + radiation

Convection Gas
Boiling liquid water - Forced 300 - 1000 evaporation of refrigerators or
Liquid flowing (Water) brine coolers
Boiling liquid water - 1500 – 6000 evaporators steam/water
Condensing vapor water

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