Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Experiment No.2
Aim: UJT relaxation oscillator for triggering of SCR
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UJT relaxation oscillator for triggering of SCR
 To study the construction, working of UJT
 To plot V-I characteristics of UJT
 To study the use of UJT as a relaxation oscillator

Theory:
An UJT is a switching device. It switches from blocking to conduction state when the applied voltage
reaches a critical value. It is a bar of high resistivity semiconductor with ohmic contact at each end .the
bar is usually of n type. A p type emitter is alloyed at an intermediate position along the length. When
the junction is open or reversed, the resistance b/w base I and base2 is a few kilo-ohms.

When 0 positive voltage Vbb is applied b/w the two ends, the potential of the point c is V bb·
The factor is known as intrinsic stand off ratio and depends of the internal resistances r1, r2 of the bar.
When the applied voltage Ve is less than V c, the emitter base junction is reverse biased and emitter
current is very small. When Ve> V c, the emitter base junction becomes forward biased and emitter
current increase the v-I characteristics has three regions i.e. cutoff region, negative resistance region
and saturation regions. In cutoff region, the emitter current is very small .in negative resistance region
dv/di is negative and in saturation region, the increase in current is very small

UJT is used as a relaxation oscillator for triggering of SCR.

Circuit diagrams:

Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna

 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Apparatus required:
UJT (2n2646), Multi meters, two potential dividers, one variable resistance (1000 ohm).the rated values of
UJT 2112646 are VP=7v, V y=I.5v.

Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as given in figure-a with proper specifications.
 Set V bb at 10 volts.
 Vary Ve and note values of Ve.
 Plot the graph b/w Ve and I e
 Note the values of Vp, Ip, Vv and Iv.
 Repeat for Vbb=15v and 20 v ..
 Connect the circuit as shown in figure-b.
 Take the out put wave forms on CRG.

Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna

 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Observations:
S.No Ve Ie S.No Ve Ie

1 12
2 13
3 14
4 15
5 16
6 17
7 18
8 19
9 20
10 21
11 22

Results: Graphs and desired values ............... .

Precautions:
1. Connections should be done properly.
2. Check the circuit before observations and correct if any mismatch.
3. Variable resistances should be varied slowly.
4. Do not use power in circuit continuously for long time.
5. Take the readings very carefully.

Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna