Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CAVE
STALACTITES FLOWSTONE
STALAGMITES
Types of Cave
SOLUTIONAL CAVE
www.commons.wikimedia.org
SEA CAVE
Thurston Lava
activity www.traveltohawaiireviewed.co
m/image_attraction Tube, Hawaii
Canary Island,
Hawaii
ICE CAVE
www.nsidc.org
Ice Cave,
Antartica
Ice Cave,
Antartica
CAVE LIFE
TROGLOBITES
(CAVE-LIMITED) TROGLOXENES
(USE CAVES TEMPORARILY)
TROGLOPHILES
(CAN BE PRESENT IN CAVES
AND OTHER
ENVIRONMENTS)
Cave Microbes
Microorganisms can be TRANSIENT or those
that ride into caves on air currents, in water
flows, on insects, on bats, and through humans.
Microorganisms can be RESIDENT or those
that occur as native inhabitants of a cave and
depend solely on the resources within the cave
for survival.
Cave Microbes
Reed Flute Guilin, Guangxi, Knoellia sinensis and K. Groth et al. 2002
China subterranea (Actinobacteria)
Kartchner Caverns Arizona, USA Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Rhizobium, Ikner et al. 2006
Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus,
Pseudomonas, and other
uncultured β-Proteobacteria
Altamira (“High View”) Cave
Hyphomicrobium sp.
Leptospirillum sp.
Northup et al., 2003. Env. Micro. 5:1071-1086
PHILIPPINE CAVES
Insectivorous Insectivorous
fruitbats bats bats
- 2 out 18 caves in
Quezon and 2 out of
10 caves Burdeos
listed in 2001 Phil.
Protected Areas &
Wildlife Resources
Criteria for Selection of Target Areas
Polillo
Islands
Alviola et al.
Mapanghe/i Cave
Alviola et al.
TARGET GROUP OF MICROBES
Surface Swab
Resultant suspension (10-1 dilution)
Preparation and sterilization of
materials
1. Sterilized Sumilon tubes
2. Ice box with dry ice (storage of
samples)
Water Collection
2. ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND
IDENTIFICATION
Preparation and sterilization of
materials and culture media
1. R2A and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
2. 0.1% peptone water 10-1 to 106
dilutions
3. Nutrient Agar (for masterplates)
Observation of Isolates:
Cultural, Morphological, Biochemical
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Gram-reaction
2. Cell formation
3. Cell shape
4. Spore formation
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Catalase reaction
2. Fermentation of sugars
3. Other test for further identification of
microbial species
3. In-situ Biofilm Formation
RESULTS
Table 1. Summary of samples collected from Bulalon and Mapanghe
Caves of Burdeos, Polillo Islands, Quezon Province.
Sample Description of Sampling Sites
Code
Bulalon Cave (B) Mapanghe Cave (M)
1 Surface swab of a cave wall 50 meters from Surface swab of a cave wall 50 meters
the cave entrance from the cave entrance
2 Surface swab of a cave wall 100 meters Surface swab of a cave wall 100 meters
from the cave entrance from the cave entrance
3 Surface swab of a cave stalactite 150 Surface swab of a cave stalactite 150
meters from the cave entrance meters from the cave entrance
4 Water sample from a pool/stream 100 Water sample from a pool/stream 100
meters from the cave entrance meters from the cave entrance
5 Water sample from a pool/stream 150 Water sample from a pool/stream 150
meters from the cave entrance; mats were meters from the cave entrance; mats were
also observed also observed
6 Dripping water from a big stalactite 100 Dripping water from a big stalactite 100
meters from the cave entrance meters from the cave entrance
7 Dripping water from small stalactite 150 Dripping water from small stalactite 150
meters from the cave entrance meters from the cave entrance
Table 2. Total plate counts of samples collected in Bulalon and
Mapanghe Caves.
Sample
Total Plate Count ( x 105)
Code
BULALON MAPANGHE
EMB R2A EMB R2A
1 376.0 430.0 11.2 26.0
2 98.0 172.0 1580.0 1660.0
3 770.0 765.0 1425.0 1040.0
4 46.0 90.5 66.5 69.5
5 61.0 227.0 52.0 174.0
6 73.0 156.0 40.0 51.0
7 235.0 345.0 1.6 3.6
Table 3. Probable Identities of Bacterial Isolates
Serratia marcescens
(1000x)
Micrococcus Escherichia coli (1000x)
luteus (1000x)
2. Biofilm formers