Section 2 Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions} Now set your clock for 25 minutes. ‘This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this swetion, wilh special directions for each type, ‘Structure Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences, Beneath each sentence you jase haw wenkeor phrases, marked (A), AD, i, amd (DY. Choose the one word ve plies thal feet csanpletes tbe aratea «Hien, oar your suyver nheet, Find the thumber of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Example 1 Sample Answer Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes e2eoo they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth’s surface. (A) due to (B) because (C) in spite of (D) regardless ‘The sentence shuitld read, “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they bwath emit bor liquids from below the Earth's surface.” Therefore, you shoutd choose (B) Vsample U1 Sample Answer During the early period of ocean navigation, ‘any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. (A) so that hardly (B) when there hardly was {C) hardly was (D) there was hardly ‘The sentence should read, “During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.” Therefore, you should choose (D). Now begin work on the questions. DOoe unit Bl page 95eeeeeo0ee - leading ty in the United 1. Dairy farming i agricultural a States, (Aya (B) at (C) then (D) none 2. Although thunder and lightning. are produced at the sane time, light wayes travel faster ~ s we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. (A) than sound waves do (B) than sound waves are (C) do sound waves (D) sound waves 3, Beef cattle +.» of all livestock for economic growth in certain geographic regions. (A) the most are important (B) are the most important (C) the most important are (D) that are the most important 4, The discovery of the halftone prccess in photography in 1881 made it ------- photographs in books and newspapers, (A) the possible reproduction (B) possible to reproduce (C) the possibility of reproducing (D) possibly reproduced 6: . Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania, Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag. (A) which (B) where (C) tha (D)shas y sult to capture it ina single photograph, (A) While the (B) The (©) For.the (D) Because of the . Speciau -, resulis when an animal population becomes isolated by some factor, usually geographic. (A) form biological species B) biological species are formed (C) ‘which forming biological species (D) the formation of biological species In its pure state antimony has no important uses, Lit with other substances, if is an cxaeniely useful metal. (A) when combined physically or chemically (B) combined when physically or chemically { (C) the physical and chemical 1 combination (D) itis combined physically and chemically unit Gl page 96VveeeaueRe"s 9. The dawn redwood appears some 100 million years ago in northern forests around the world, (A) was flourished (B) having to flourish (C) to have flourished (D) have flourished |. Beginning it the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a System of notating their compositions ------ be performed by musicians. (A) will (B) that (C) and when to (D) so they could . Civil Rights are the freedoms and rights ------- as a member of a community, state, or nation. (A) may have a person (B) may have a person who (C) a person may have: (D) and a person may have Richard Wright enjoyed success and influence -----= among Black American writers of His era, (A) were unparilleled C111 espns alot () nparatteted (D) the unparaticled 1B. 14. 15 ~ of large mammals once dominated the North American prairies: the American bison and the pronghorn antelope. (A) There are two species (B) With two species (C) Two species are {D) Two species Franklin D. Roosevelt was ——- the great force of radio and the opportunity it provided for taking governinent policies directly to the people. (A) as the first President he understood fully (B) the first President that, to fully understand (©) the first President fully understood (D) the first President to understand fully During the lat fifteenth century, the native societies of America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts. (A) only 2 few (B) a few but (C) few, but only (D) a few onlyeee0oe0ee9 Written Expression Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. ‘The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence 10 be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Example I Sample Answer Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish becau A B e the males’ bright colors. D iscof eDon The sentence should read, “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males’ bright colors.” Therefore, you should choose (A) Example IL Sample Answer Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chiishoin Geog A B became an important United Stues politician. c D ‘The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B). ‘Now begin work on the questions. UnitVvvVveeeRe9e ra 16. The firstly naval baile of the Revolutionary War was fought off the coast of Machias, il A B Cc 2 Maine, in June 1775. rd D e 17. The public ceremonies of the Plains Indians are lesser elaborate than those of the A B c Navajo in the Southwest D 18. In some species of fish, such the three-spined stickleback, the male, not the female, A B ms the task of caring for the young. ic D : 19. When she retires in September 1989, tennis champion Christine Evert was the most A B n athlete in the United States. Dd °0, ‘Vie ancient Romans used vessels equipped with sails and banks of oars fo transporting A Ru ft D their sumies. per famous w traditiopally classified as cold-blooded reptiles, but recent evidence based on B eating habits, posture, and skeletal structural suggests some may have been warm-blooded. q D 22, Since the Great Depression of the 1930's, social programs such as Social Security have A been built into the economy to help avert severity business declines. B cy D cr activities succeeded in promoting laws that set safety standards B c and a widely tinge of household products, Db 21, Dinosaurs DA Un the 1970'S, g sloth t asrobiles, 24. Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological parks A where animals roams free and people watch from across a moat. B c D unit @ page 99eeeeeeee 25. In human beings, as in other mammal, hairs avound the eyes and ears and inn the nese B prevent dust, insects, and other matter from entering these ong: ¢c D 2b. The Rocky Mountains were explored by fur waders during the early 1800's, ina A B c decades preceding the United States Civil War. D 27, The works of the nuthor Herman Melville are literary crestion sof a high orsker, blending A B fact, fiction, adventure, and subtle symbolic c Db 28, Each chemical clement is characterized to the number of protons that a atom of that A B Cc element contains, called its atomic number. D 29. The body structure that developed in birds over millions of years is well de A B i flight, being both lightly in weight and remarkably strong. D 30. From 1905 to 1920, American novelist Edith Wharton was at the height of her writing A B career, publishing of her three most famous novels. c D : 31. In the early twentieth century, there was considerable interesting among sociologists in A the fact that in the United States the family was losing its traditional role: B Cc D Ee 32, Although pure diamong is colorless and transparent, when contaminated with other A B material it may appear in various color, ranging from pastels to opaque black. c D 33. Comparative ariatomy is concerned to the structural differences among animal forms A B Cc D unit (@ page 100a @®e@e0 @ @O O OF x Qa g 8 A seismograph records oscillation of the ground caused by seismic waves, vibrations al oD A ry that travel from its point of origin through the Earth or along its surface.» - bag B c D Ld . Electric lamps came into widespread use during the early 1900's and have replaced A other type of fat, gas, or gil lamps for almost every purpose B c D Located in Canada, the Columbia Icefield covers area of 120 square miles and is 3,300 A B in some places, D Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II brought to the musical A Oklahoma! extensive musical and theatrical backgrounds as well as familiar with the B c traditional forms of operetta and musical comedy. D Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited sorthern forest, Canada has one of the B c lowest population density in the world, D . Rice, whi forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows best B c in hot, wet lands, D Government money appropriated for art in the 1930°s made possible hundreds of A B murals and statues still admfration in small towns al! over the United States. c D unit (@ page 101feeeeae0e : This is the end of Section 2. It you finish in less than 25 minutes, check your work on Section 2 only. Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test. At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3. Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3. unit (@ page 102