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›



` Materials from the WHO programme for
prevention of blindness is used for this
presentation
 3  
` Ocular infection with clamidia trachomatis
serovars A,B,Ba and C
` Second leading cause of blindness worldwide
` Disappearance in Europe and America predated
antibiotics
Ô




 

` ëormal conjunctiva
` Trachoma conjunctivitis and re-
re-infection
` Secondary bacterial infections
` Scarring
` Trichiasis
` Corneal opacity
` Blindness
 
 
 
 

` G
million people at risk from blinding trachoma
` 1G
million people have active trachoma
` 1
 million people have trichiasis
` G million people blind from trachoma
` 1G of global blindness: 2nd cause of blindness
 ]

   


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3ndia 8G,



China 1,174,



Other Asia and 3slands 1,32,



Sub--saharan Africa
Sub 1,38
,



atin America 1G8,



Middle--East
Middle 27,



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 ¦  



` Trachoma is concentrated in hot, dusty, dry parts of the

world Proxy for poverty

` Within endemic countries, trachoma is found in areas that

are:
` Rural
` Economically underdeveloped
` Without good water supplies
` Without basic sanitation

` Since it is an infectious disease, trachoma clusters at

neighbourhood and household level
 3
!
 "#›




` Surgery for trichiasis

` Antibiotics for TF/T3
` Facial cleanliness to prevent transmission
of x


` Environmental change to prevent

transmission of x


 |
3
 
` Transmission of chlamydia from ocular and nasal
secretion of children
` Direct spread during play/sharing a bed
` Conveyance on fingers

` 3ndirect spread on fomites

` Eye
Eye--seeking flies
` Coughing/sneezing
 ¦  3
 

` Antibiotics
` Faces, Fingers, Fomites and Flies: Hygiene
` Environmental changes:
` water provision and use
` Overcrowded housing
` Domestic waste management
` Animal proximity to household
 ’
  $

Tetracycline ointment bd for  weeks

Cures 
-

-8
 of cases of TF/T3 if full course is

administered; compliance a problem

 ’
  $
Oral azithromycin

More effective than tetracycline in normal

programme conditions
 
% 
 
` Training
` Education
` Community diagnosis
` Refraction/correction
` ow vision aids