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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
_a___ 1. According to the theory of ______, all changes to the earth's surface have occurred by sudden, violent
geologic processes.
a. catastrophism
b. uniformity
c. inheritance of acquired characteristics
d. evolution by natural selection
_c___ 2. The systematic study of similarities and differences in the body plans of animal groups is known as
a. comparative biochemistry.
b. biogeography.
c. comparative morphology.
d. ecology.
_d___ 3. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection
a. individuals of all populations have the capacity to produce more offspring than the
environment can support.
b. individuals vary in their traits and some of this variation is heritable.
c. when some form of a trait is adaptive and has a heritable basis, its bearers will tend to
survive and reproduce more frequently than other individuals.
d. all of the choices
_b___ 4. In an attempt to reconcile his religious beliefs with the evidence from the fossil record, Georges Cuvier
proposed that
a. humans had descended from ancestors with tails.
b. multiple catastrophes had destroyed many of the world's species.
c. there had been multiple creations in different parts of the world.
d. none of the above.
__d__ 5. A population is at genetic equilibrium if
a. there is no mutation.
b. there is no immigration.
c. there is no selection.
d. all of the choices are true.
_c___ 6. In ______, forms at both ends of the range of variation are favored and intermediate forms are selected
against.
a. stabilizing selection
b. sexual selection
c. disruptive selection
d. directional selection
_c___ 7. The allele responsible for sickle-cell hemoglobin is maintained in populations in Africa by
a. sexual selection
b. directional selection.
c. balancing selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
_e___ 8. Microevolution is the result of
a. chance variation.
b. change in gene frequency.
c. mutation.
d. natural selection.
e. all of these
_b___ 9. The study of the distribution of plants and animals around the world is
a. diversity.
b. biogeography.
c. ecology.
d. natural history.
e. environmentalism.
_c___ 10. Lamarck's contribution to the theory of evolution was the concept of
a. natural selection.
b. catastrophism.
c. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
d. mutation.
__b__ 11. Natural selection operates to produce changes in
a. individuals.
b. populations.
c. races.
d. phyla.
e. animals only.
_b___ 12. Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in the theory of evolution?
a. All organisms reproduce beyond the limits of the environment that supports them.
b. Food supplies keep pace with the growth of populations feeding upon them.
c. Populations of organisms tend to remain relatively stable through time.
d. There is much variation in the characteristics of organisms making up a population.
__c__ 13. The genetic equilibrium of a population can be upset by all but which of the following?
a. Mutations
b. Migration
c. random mating
d. genetic drift
__b__ 14. Which of the following is NOT a major process of microevolution?
a. Mutation
b. Divergence
c. genetic drift
d. gene flow
e. natural selection
__b__ 15. New genes arise from
a. genetic drift.
b. mutation.
c. gene flow.
d. recombination.
e. natural selection.
_b___ 16. When DDT was first introduced, insects were very susceptible to it. The development of resistance to
DDT by insects was the result of
a. special creation.
b. natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance.
c. the high biotic potential of insects.
d. a naturally occurring example of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
_e___ 17. As the trees in England become less sooty due to pollution controls on factories, which of the following
should occur?
a. Fewer dark moths should survive.
b. Numbers of dark and light moths won't change due to stabilizing selection.
c. Genetic mutations will be reversed.
d. More light-gray moths should survive.
e. Fewer dark moths should survive; and More light-gray moths should survive.
_c___ 18. Male northern sea lions are nearly twice the size of females because
a. males live longer than females.
b. predators of the sea lions favor males.
c. males compete to mate with females.
d. each male must protect the one female with which he mates.
_c___ 19. The sharp reduction of the gene pool and the numbers of a population through a severe epidemic is an
example of
a. natural selection.
b. genetic isolation.
c. the bottleneck effect.
d. the founder principle.
e. all of these
__c__ 20. Four of the five answers listed below are portions of the theory of natural selection. Select the exception.
a. Variation is heritable.
b. Heritable traits vary in adaptability.
c. More organisms are produced than can survive.
d. The largest and strongest always contribute more genes to the next generation.
e. Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction.
Chapter 18 Review
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