np06AEMV1 HA TPAKV1V1CKATA V1CTOPV1J1 V1 KYATYPA

Dilyana Boteva-Boyanova

IS
Fresh Readings of Herodotus and Thucydides

,lJ,MJUlHaBoresa- bOSlHOBa

npOSI\EMIf1 HA TPAKIf1V1CKATA If1CTOPIf1J1 If1KY 1\TYPA

HOB nomen B'hPXY cnenenaa

na Xeponor

M TYKII,ll;M,ll;

Hsnarencxa

K'bm;a"fyreH6epr"

co

0'1 0'1 rl

o o o o
I

0'1 rl

BJlaAHMHp

MHHqeB,

XYOO:JICflUK na Koputjama,

2000

ISBN 954-9943-11-7

YBO)J;HM )J;YMM 7

lJacT rrspsa
fIPOEJIEMM HA TPAKMMCKATA MCTOPlUI

(xpaa aa VI- VB. IIp. Xp.) 11 Hdt. IV; 89-93 H Hdt. VII, 59, 1.. Hdt. IV;78-80 Thuc. II, 29 . Hdt. VII, 137 H Thuc. II, 67 Thuc. II, 95 Thuc. II, 96 - 97,2 lJacT nropa
fIPOEJIEMM HA TPAKMMCKATA KYJITYPA

17 46 55 64 74 79

87 89 105 109 119 130

Hdt. IV;33, 5 - 34, 1 Hdt. V;3, 2 H Hdt. V;5 Hdt. V; 6, 2 Hdt. V; 7 Hdt. VII, 110-111
3AKJIIOlJEHME SUMMARY

161

162

Issues of Thracian History & Culture Fresh readings of Herodotus and Thucydides 5

Ha Boioco, Hean u Mapus

YBOgHU gYMU

TpaKOJIOrIUITa He e casro Ha)"IHO narrpasrretrae B MCTOPMKO-CPIDIOJIOrnqeCKMTe M eTHOJIO)J(KM p;MpeHIDI, OCPOPMIDIO onre B CaMHHKpaii ce na 19 B. C M3CJIep;BaHIDlTa B. TOMaIIIeK B'hPXy "CTapMTe TPaKM" M aa MHcmryU;MOHaJIM3MpaHo B B'hJIrapMH npea 1972 r. C'hC C'h3p;aBaHeTO na I1HCmTYTa no TPaKOJIOrIDI npa BAH. CMeJIO MO)J(ena ce xasce, qe TPaKOJIOrIUITae M HaqMH aa MMCJIeHe, xoirro He ce nOp;qMHHBaaa aaroparern sapana caxnrre THX, M 6e3KOMnpOMMCHOOTXB'hPJIHnocrynara, HaJIO)J(HJIM B esponeiicxara ce Hayxa sa p;peBHOCTTaB npO)J;'hJI)J(eHMea HHKOJIKO a sexa. Ompasnara TOqxa na TOBa MHCJIeHee HOBMHTrrposar na aHTM'lHlITe CBMp;eTeJICTBa sa MCTopIDITa M xynrypara aa npesna TpaKIDI. Taxa, B rrporasonec aa HaJIaraHIDI C BeKOBe eJIMHO- M pMMou;eHTPM3'hM, ce T'hpCM enao noap;eKBaTHOMOp;eJIMpaHeaa passaraero na npeaaa TpaKIDJ B CBeTJIMaara aa neiiaara c06cTBeHa acropasecxa eaepras M KYJITYPHa M)J;eHm~OCT. IIpe3 1972 r., cazro TPM rO)J;MHM CJIep;KaTO np06JIeMHTe aa ",iJ;peBna TpaKIDI" M3rne)J()J;aT YCTaHOBeHM, a HHKOMOT THX P;OpMpeIIIeHM, M3JIM3aKHMraTa .J'Iomrnrsecsa MCTOPMH TPaKMTe. Kpaa aa BTOpOaa TO XIDIH)J;OJIemeP;Oxpaa aa nera BeK npena HOBaTa epa". Ta3M MMeHHO MOHorpacpIDI npOMeHM M3 OCHOBMBCIfqKM rrperrcrasa sa TPaKHHCxara MCTOPIDI M KYJITYpa, BKJIlOqMTeJIHOrrpeofinanasamara xacr OT CTaHOBMmaTa,3aIQIfTeHll OT Xp. ,iJ;aHoBB ",iJ;peBHa TpaKMH". I13CJIep;BaHeTO aa An. <POJIce OKa3a nporpasmo sa BCuqKM TPaKOJIO)J(KM M3-

CJIe)WaHIDI nnrre

npes

cJIe,lWaIWITe

ronana

H ,lJ;OpH ,lJ;eCeTIfJIeTIDl. CH 0606rn;eHIDI sa norrpaxanae B

C 6JIeCTH-

CH aHaJIH3H, ce

C rrpOHHKHOBeHHTe H B 06pa3eQ

H H3BO,!J;H, TO

OqaKBaHO

npeaspaa

nporrsnxeaae
pe-

aa ,lJ;eCeTIfJIeTIDl.

HerOBHTe

6e3CrrOpHH

,lJ;OCTORHCTBa ca rrpH3HaBaHH

,lJ;OpH OT OHe3H MaJIKO aBTOpH, lIIeHIDI na rrp06JIeMHTe no-rra

,lJ;P'b3HaJIH,lJ;a T'bPCHT aJITepHaTHBHH H xynrypara aa npeaaa

OT HCTOPIDITa

TpaKHH. aa

Cera,

TPH ,lJ;eceTHJIeTIDI CJIe,lJ;C'b,lJ;60BHaTa sa pa3BHTHeTO 1972 r., npa aarpynaaare npes MHOrC6pORHH 80-Te H 90-Te

TPaKOJIOfIDlTa B Ta3H Ha)"IHa H

H3CJIe,lWaHIDI B.,

06JIaCT

ocofieao

rO,lJ;HHH aa XX

aaa-eese - sapana cssnaneaara B rrOCJIe,!J;HHTe enna-nse rO,lJ;HHH HCropaorparpcsa cpena, 6H 6HJI Hal1'bJIHO onpasnaa erorn HOB onar sa MO,lJ;eJIHpaHe aa TPaKHRCKaTa HCTOPIDI H KYJIT)'pa OT KpaH na VI - V
B. rrp. Xp. M3JIO)l(eHHTe B HaCTOHrn;OTO H3,lJ;aHHe H3BO,!J;HH rrOCTaHOBKH MH pafiora rro B'bpXy ca pe-

3YJITaT OT 15-ro,!J;HlIIHaTa H TyKH,!J;H,lJ;sa TpaKIDI

CBe,lJ;eHIDITa aa XepO,lJ;OT aa ceMHHapHHTe CY "CB. 3aHHTIDI KJrnMeHT H

H TPaKHTe

speae

C'bC CT)',lJ;eHTHTe OT MCTopwqeCKH OXPH,!J;CKH". CKeITTHQH3'bM, TOMaTHHHH MMeHHO Te, C THXHaTa na

<i>aKYJITeT na

MJIa,D;e)l(Ka aerrpenytieneaocr

MH novoraaxa 3aTOBa

nomenaa

C ,lJ;PYfH OqH aa Te3H XPHCMOHTe I1'bpBH

TeKCTOBe.

H K'bM THX ca OTI1paBeHH

,D;yMH aa 6JIarO,lJ;apHOCT! MCTHHCKH YqI{TeJI rro "HHaKOMHCJlHe" aa MeH fieure H CH OCTaBa H MH na 3a-

nporp, M. Taseaa,
nasa 3H "YPOQH"!

KOHTO BHHam

e rrOOI.IJ;pHBaJIa )l(eJIaHHeTO

CBOH 06JIHK B aaysnare

CH ,lJ;HpeHIDI. IIpH3HaTeJIHa

C'bM

if sa

re-

M3BOP aa B,!J;'bXHOBeHHe rro I1'bTeKHTe aa TPaKOJIOfIDlTa 3aBJI8.MBa~re BHClIIH HOCT. KOHKpeTHHHT peaJIHO na ceuaaapa JIeKu;HH H CTHMYJIHpaIWITe aa

HaMepHX

CT)',lJ;eHTCKaTa aKTHBHOCT

nporp. ArI.

<I>OJI, KOMYTO

csnro

,!J;'bJI)I(a 6JIaro,lJ;ap-

rrO,lJ;THK sa C'b3,lJ;aBaHeTO na HaCTOHrn;IDI TeKCT ,!J;'bJl)l(a H CJIyqwJIOTO aCHCTeHTCKaTa rO,lJ;HHa. ce npes 1998-1999 r. TOR B

nporp. }J,. Ilonos

OT KorOTO rroex yqe6Ha

e KOJIeraTa,

rn;a<i>eTa rro TPaKOJIOfIDI C'bM

,lJ;aJIe~aTa1985/86 CTBIDITa H nonxpenara

Bnaronapaa

B OHe3H I1'bpBH ro,!J;HHH aa MOHTa

MY H sa HaIT'bTrrpenonasa-

TeJICKa pafiora. 3a nopenea

rrsr

6HX HCKaJIa na H3Ka)l(a

,D;yMH na rrpH3HaTeJIHOCT

KbM

nporp.

B. ITaCKarIeBa, na K05lTO )J,'bJDKa e)J,HOrO)J,MIlIHM5I rrpecCM B M3cne)J,BaHM5ITa. M, OCMeAABaM ce na

TOll: B'bB BMeHCKM5IYHMBepCMTeT. OrrMT'bT M MH<p0pMall,MHTanarpynaHM TaM rrpes 199011991 ace ouie MM nouarar C'bp)J,eQHa e finaronapnocrra xazca - rrpasremr, rrO)J,Kperra, M aa rronont, JI. BararIMHCKM, non. JIeKoBa, MM KbM xonern

na KOMTOMO)l(eX M see ome Mora na pa3QMTaM M sa M sa C'bBeT. Ha)J,51BaMce na Mora na ce OT,lJ;. Benesa,

6naro)J,ap51 C'bC C'brn:OTOaa M. Anexcaesa,

A.

nO)l(KOBa,

IT. ,lJ;eneB, CT. ,lJ;MMMTpoBa, C. 3YM6aKM, CB.

A. Manaacsa, ITn. MMTeB, ,lJ;. ITaCKarIeBa-,lJ;aM5IHo<p, E. Ilenxosa, Y. Ilerep, M. ITeTPOBa, M. IT'bpBaHOBa, K. Pa6a)J,)l(MeB, IO. TO)J,OPOB, O. IJ;BeTKOBa M M. Illaurerr Koc. I
,lJ;'bn60Ka rrpM3HaTenHOCT )J,'bJDKa M0516paT H. nOTeB, KaKTO M na C'b)J,ell:CTBMe rryfinaxysasa

aa M. KOBaH)J,)I(Mll:CKM, MeTO pemasauto Q HeTO aa rrspnara rrepcxa npenspna CMCTeMa (193-2171218 r.

MM KHMra ",lJ;onHa MM3MH M TpaKMH B pMMCKaTa MM-

en, Xp)".

c.,

1997,

na npaxraxa

B pearIHOCT M nacrosmara pafiora.

MOHOrpa<pMH, cTMMynwpall:KM

)l(enaHMeTO MM sa peaynrarna

HeM3pa3MMa e firraronapaocrra st.rrpesa TOBa, Me napn C sceornaiiaa

MM K'bM MoeTO CeMell:CTBO, KoeTO Ta3M KHMra, HO KoeTO nonxperra.

nMIlIMX OT rpM)I(M M BHMMaHMe )J,OKaTOnaurex

4acm nbpBa
np06AEMV1 HA TPAKV1li1CKATA V1CTOPV1~ (kpaJi Ha VI - V B. np. Xp.)

OT rJIe):UIa TOlIKa na TpaKHHCKaTa ,J:(peBHOCTXepo,J:(OT He Be,J:(H'b)l( e 6HJI 06eKT na BHHMaHHe OT crpana na C'bBpeMeHHMTe 6'bJIrapcxa HCTOpHIIH1. DJIarO,J:(apeHHe aa TOBa pO,J:(HaTaucroptrorpa<pml narpyna CBOH co6CTBeH ornrr rro xepO,J:(OTOBaTarrp06JIeMaTHxa, KOHTO He caxro m.snpoaaseana B 6'bJIrapCKH YCJIOBmI rrOCTH)l(eHmlTa na esponeiicxara HaYKa, HO npennoxn CBOH BJf)I(,J:(aHmIH pellleHmI rro KOHKpeTHH rrsnpoca. Taxa na npaxrmca OTHOBOH OTHOBO - sa KOH JIH nopenen rrsr? - 6e ,J:(OKa3aHO,ie BceKH HOB norl JIe,J:( 'bM XepO,J:(OT CH 3aCJIY)I(aBa YCHJIHeTO, CTHra TOBa na 6'b,J:(e K CTopeHO CJIe,J:( 3a,J:('bJI6olIeH H xopexren npo-nrr na HerOBJUI TeKCT. ITo BCHlIKO H3rJIe)l(,J:(a,lie enna OT YCTaHOBeHHTe Te3H rro OTHOureane na TpaKHHCKH~ noroc na XepO,J:(OT TP~6Ba na 6'b,J:(errone CMeKlIeHa, aKO He Harr'bJIHO npoueaeaa. CTaBa ,J:(YMasa TB'bp,J:(eHH1 Xp. llanos, XepOL(OT KaTO 113BOPaa I1CTOpl1f1Taaa TpaKI1f1, MaKeL(OHI1f1, fJeOHI1f111 3anaL(HOTO LJ:epHOMOplie. - rcy, 11<1><1>, 1936, 8-106 (= Xp. 32, Ilauoe, TpaKI1HcKo 113Bop03HaHlie. B. TbPHOBO, 1998, 7-46); All. c[JOll, fJpoY'JBaHI1f1 BbPXY rpt.uxnre 113BOPlisa npesaa TpaKI1f1. II. TpaKI1HcKlifIT noroc aa XepOL(OT. - rcy, 11<1>, 67, 197311974, C. 1977,7-26; ll, Ilonoe, B'ssenenae B TpaKI1HcKoTO 113Bop03HaHlie. I. OT OMI1P L(O KceH0<p0HT. - B: An. <1>Oll,.ll:. Ilonos, XpIiCTOMaTI1f1 no 'rpaxonoraa. TOM rrspan. C. 1989, 48-51 (TYK ca npenOBTOpeHI1 B ct.xparen BilL( Te311Te aa An. <1>Oll,U:I1T.CbLf.; eL(I1HCTBeHOTO 113KllIOLfeHI1e e KOMeHTapbT BbPXY Hdt. IV, 94 na c. 51); M. Taueea, TpaKI1HcKI1f1T snaaeren Cnapanox - 113BOPli 11I1HTepnpeTaUI1f1. - Hflp, 1990,

59-62.

11

eTO, -re "TllnllqeH

rpaxaiicxa

noroc

IDIMa,

H5IMa C'hrn;I1HCKa aaxera

na asropa sa
casro
OT O\jfl~

TpaKI15I,

3arn;OTO

nosenara
<PaKT e,

sa crpanara
-re
nOCOqeHHTe

e C'hCTaBeHa

11 OT aKoit"2.

orne

OT <P.

.5IKo611 ,IJ;BeMeCTa C

acrancxa YVWj.1ll na XepO,IJ;OT no ornomeaae na rpaxnre (V, 3, 1 11 V, 9, 3)3 B naxaxt,n crrysaii He 113qepnBaT noBO,IJ;I1Te, no KOllTO Xanaxapnaceirsr e ,IJ;M CB05ITa ouenxa sa OHOna, KoeTO e Bll,IJ;5In 11 -ryn B rpaxaiiciorre npenenn, Heuro noseae, llMeHHO B KOHTeKCTa na TPaKllMCKaTa My nepaeresa ce C'h,IJ;'hP:>I<a e,IJ;Ha OT HaM-,IJ;o6pllTe llnlOCTpa~1111 na Xep0,IJ;OTOB115I MeTO,IJ; na pa60Ta4, onncaa OT CaMI15I Hero B II, 99, 1: "lloceza usxaaax aeuiama mbU, kakmo CbM au BUgJlAAU4HO, mbU kakmo au pasfiupass U cnopeg moBa, koemo MU pa3ka3Baxa."(npeBog
Ha

n. iluMumpoB,
Te311

cpB. Xepogom, Mcmopwl. Yacm nbpBa. c., 1986, 137).

rpa cr'snxa apexie na neronare

aHan11311paHI15I TeKCT qe OT

na anxerare,
n'hTYBaHI15I,

ocr.nrecrsenu

OT Xep0,IJ;OT no B MHoroKpaTHo

ca 5ICHO 3a5IBeHll

sa

3anMoKcllc

(Iy, 94-96)
nna

11 e 113HeHa,IJ;Barn;O,

nocera 're ca ci.speaeamrre

ocraaann

nepaatipana

npocro

nesariensaana

113Cne,IJ;OBaTenI15.

2 AJl. C/JOJl, lJ,I1T.Cb4., 8. CbIUOTO 11Y /1.. Ilonoe, lJ,I1T.Cb4., 48. 3 F. Jacoby, RE Supp!. Bd. II, 1903, Sp. 438; CpB. 11All. C/JOJl, lJ,I1T.Cb4., 8. 4 3a "Hay4H1111 nonxon aa XepO/lOT" B)!(' rtocnenno E. EOcoaH06, I1CTopl1KbT 11nncarenar XepO/lOT. - B: Xepooom. I1CTOpl1l1.qacT rrspsa. C., 1986, 11. CpB. 11AJl. C/JOJl, lJ,I1T. Cb4., 8. HaH-HoBoTo 1I11nOCTHOpoyxsane no npotineua e aa n K.H. Waters, Herodotus the Historian: His Problems, Methods and Originality. Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1985, 194 p. 5 CpB. uanp. /1.. Ilonoe, 3anMOKCI1C.Penaras 1106IUeCTBO na TPaKI1Te. C. 1989, 177: "Cnope/l Xeponor aa enno m.pso paBHI1IUe nneara sa 6e3CMbpTl1eTO npl1 reTI1Te e, 4e 're "He BlIpBaT, 4e YMl1paT", a ,,4e n0411Hanl1l1T OTI1Banpu fiora 3anMoKcl1c" (Hdt., 4, 94). Ha BTOpO MlICTO, CbIUl1l1T T0311 3anMoKcI1c nponosanaa 11sayurasa, ,,4e HI1TOTOH caa, HI1TO CbTPane3HI1l111Te My, HI1TO nOTOMlIl1Te 11MIUe yMpaT HlIKora, HO IUe OTI1/laT na enno MlICTO, Kb/leTO IUe lKl1BellT Be4HO I1IUe I1MaTBCI14KI1 finara" (Hdt., 4, 95). Cnenosarenuo npesnasr aBTOp pasxpasa nsa MeTO/la na ce nOCTl1rHe 6e3CMbpTI1e 11 npl1 TOBa rI1 3aCBI1/leTenCTBYBa caMOCTOllTenHOB nacre BepC1111 npenanenara nereuna, T.e. Ha TOH rl1 pa3rpaHl14aBa. Ta311 KOHCTaTalll1l1e C oc06eHO 3Ha4eHl1e, aKO He ce 113nYCKanpensun sese cb06IUeHI1Te B npenxonnnre maBI1 HaH-ManKO nse pasHI1IUaB 113nOBlI/lBaHeTO Y4eHI1eTOna TPaKI1HCKl1l1p<p113bM.Te IUe orroaapsr na 0

12

TIpaBM nnesarnenae ,D,OT K'bM MHcpOpMall,M~Ta,

pa3JI~HOTO

OTHOIIIeHMe na CaMM~ XepoOT Hero B

csofimena
eB

95. Taxa,
aopncr.

pa3Ka3'bT B

IV, 94

npeseac,

,D,OKaTOB

IV, 94 M Ta3M B IV, IV, 95 TOM:e B IV, 94,

Ta3M B'bTpeIIIHa

CeMaHTMKa na TeKCTa nO,D,CKa3Ba, qe anC'bC CBe,D,eHMma OT

TMqHM~T aBTOp e JIMqHO anrazcnpaa B'b3MO)l(HO ,D,OpMno ,D,OJIOBMMa npM aBTonCMK

C'bBCeM pa3JI~Ha

e caryanasra,

IV, 95,

K'b,D,eTOXep0,D,OT B'b3npOM3Be)l(,D,a eJIMHCKM~ CaMMm

pasxaa,

06B'bp3Bam;

,D,eM:HOCTTa na 3aJIMOKCMC C Ihrrarop.

aBTOp ofiase

ce ,D,MCTaHll,MpaOT Ta3M MHcpopMall,M~: T~ He OTpa3~My BM3~ no np06JIeMa, HO TOM:C'bBeCTHO ~ e

na co6CTBeHaTa nMCaJI, raxa

sa-

KaKTO TOBa My nOBeJI~Ba HerOB~T

MeTO,D,na pa60Ta6.

11 sa

na He OCTaHe

aepasfipaa,

Xep0,D,OT 6'bp3a,D,a nO~CHM B

IV, 96:

"A3

nsk 3a moBa ( ...) He uckaw ga He BJipBaM, HO He M02a u ga

BJipBaM. MUCNl gUHU npegu

(OOKEW),

4e m03U 3aAMokcuc

e >kuBJIA MH020 20-

flumaeop." (npe8og no 1118. BeHeguko8 U f1. bOJlg>kue8, cpB. 111380pu3a ucmopuJlma na TpakuJI u mpakume. C, 1981, 212).
CJIe,D,KaTO e C'b06m;MJI TOBa, KoeTO e BM,D,~ B JIMfM03Ha npaxraxa

Tpaxas

KaTO peM OHOBa, XepO,D,OT ,D,eM:cce pas-

cm.psana
CM MHeHMe Ho

C'bC 3aJIMOKCMC OT eJIMHMTe

KoeTO e qyJI no OTHOIIIeHMe na Hero nasa M coficrsenoro TBMTeJIHOCT

(Iv, 94) (Iv, 95),

(Tv, 96).

(YVWf.lll) aa Ta3M rpaxaiicxa aerosara yvwf.lll B T03M cny-raii

Ih.psaar

H aa ABaTa MeTOAa aa nOCTHraHe na 6e3cMbpTHe. BaJIHAeH sa r.nap. peJlHrH03HH oourecrsa, H me e AOCTbneH e, qe

me nOKpHBa HAelITa me e

sa COQHaJIHaTa aApeCHpaHOCT na AOKpHHaJIHaTa HAeOJlOrHlI ( ... ) TOM

a spes TlIX H sa MacaTa OT naceeAHHCTBeHO sa nOCBeTeHHTe B

J1eHHeTO( ... ) BTOpHlIT MeTOA me OTfOBaplI aa qHCTO AOKTPHHaJIHOTO- apncroKpaTHqHOTO pasmnne CBemeHOTO 3HaHHe." H3BOp. BCbmHoCT para,
6

OqeBHAHO

QHTHpaHHlIT aHaJIH3 na

TeKCTa aa

3aJIMOKCHC capi-xaarepnpernpa

AaHHHTe, cbo6meHH

peaJIHO OT aHTHqHHlI e na XO-

Xeponor

roBOPH sa eAHa-eAHHCTBeHa peJlHrH03Ha npencrasa, na ABe pa3J1HqHH 06mHOCTH: enaara e Ta3H aa BbHllIHHTe Ha6J1IOAaTeJlH -

HO <P0pMYJlHpaHa npea nornemrre

KOHTO II H3nOBlIABaT, a npyrara no npyr

eJlHHCKHTe OMKHCTHno TPaKHMCKOTOKpaM6pe)!(He. nOBOA H na APYro MlICTO (VII,

152) Xeponor

3aHBlIBa: "A3

CbM

Mb)!(eH

na xazca KaKBO ce rosopa, UHT. Cbq.,

HO He H na My BHpBaM narrsnao" - CpB.

B.

Bornaaoa,

11.

13

JIMqaBa KOpeHHO OT OHOBa, KOeTO e rrpencraneno HerOBMTe C'bHapO)J,HM.QHeJIMHMTe. TIPMqMHMTe

KaTO MMCJIeHe na

sa

TOBa, OqeBM)J,HO,

rerrspsa ute
BTOPOTO

ce M3HCHHBaT.

Xep0)J,OTOBMTe

nafimonenae sacsra )J,aHHH sa TpaKAA

aprYMeHTMpaHa

BpeMeBMTe

XapaKTepMCTHKH

na
e

H TPaKMTe. TIp06JIeM'bT e M THXHaTa

sese

6MJI rrOCTaBHH, CTPaTHrpa<pAA7.

XpOHOJIOruqeCKa

11 m.npexa

TOBa, CBe)J,eHMeTO, KOeTO e KmOqOBO

sa B'b3CTaHOBHBaHeTO na pannara O)J,pHCKaHCTOPAA (IV, SO) M rropana TOBa e mrreprrperapaao MHoroKpaTHo OT rnenaa TOqKa na
XpOHOJIOrAATa8, )J,aTMpoBKa. A M OT KaTO qe JIM BCe

orne

T'bPCM CBOHTa HeOCrrOpMMa

see oute

He BCMqKO B'bB cTPYKTypaTa

spr.sxa

C Hero

e Ka3aHO.

rnenna

TOqKa

na

na

XepO)J,OTOBAA

pasxas

ca

HaJIM.Qe M3BeCTHH CXO)J,CTBaMe)l()J,Y B'brrpOCHOTO CBe)J,eHMe M OHa3M HH<popMa.QAA B ce

Hdt. VII, 137, KOHTO 6JIaro)J,apeHHe na Thuc. II, 67 B 430 r.np.Xp. Taxa, pasxas'sr B Hdt. IV, 7SSO e B'bBe)J,eH sapana ananorasnara c'b)J,6a, KOHTO CrrOJIeTHBa AHa-

nampa

cnrypno

xapcnc

M, "MHoro

rO)J,MHH rrO-K'bCHO",

CKMJI: M )J,BaMaTa ca rroryTOBa, qe m.snpae-

6eHH OT co6CTBeHHTe JIH qY)l()J,H o6uqaM -

CM C'bHapo)J,HM.QHsapana

Hdt. IV, 7S, 1.

oTKpMBaMe MB

TIo)J,06Ha xaprnaa 06lQeHa yxacrra

Hdt. VII, 137,

K'b)J,eTO e

cs-

na rreJIOrrOHeCKHTe nparemnta TH OT CBOH crpaaa e ananoraaaa

rrpM CMTaJIK npes C'bC c'b)J,6aTa na

430

r.

rrp.

Xp.

.l1:apHeBMTe npareaaun KMTe BOHHM xecraa

B Cnapra B HaqaJIOTO na Fpuxo-nepcaac(Hdt. VII, 133) - ,,)J,oMaKMHHTe" M na )J,BeTe nparena3aKOHMTe, KOMTO Crra3BaJIM BCHqKM xopa, 3a lQaCTMe, C'b6MTMeTO OT onpacxara H MCTO-

"rrpeCT'brrMJIM

y6MJIM rnanraraare".

7 All. C/JOIl, UHT. Cb'l., 11. Ct.uioro H Y Il. Ilonoe, BbBeAeHHe ... , 49. R51. TOAOPOB,TpaKHHcKHTe uape. - rcy, 11<1><1>, 29, 1933,3 CJI.; r. Kauapoe, 0POH3XOA H npt,n pa3UBeT na OAPHCKOTO UaPCTBO B npesaa TpaKHlI. Y'IHJlHllIeH npernen, XXXII, 1933, 739 CJI.; Mil. TOHe6, IIpHHocH KbM HCTopHlITa na TPaKHTe. - EeJlOMOpCKHnpernen, I, 1942, 184 CJI; Xp. Ilauoe, )J,peBHaTpaKHlI. C., 1969; All. C/JOIl, IIoJlHTH'IecKa HCTOPHlIaa TPaKHTe: spas ua BTOPOTOXHJllIAOJleme AO spas na nera BeK npena HOBaTa epa. c., 1972, 139; 144-145; Cstuunm, Thraco-Scythica: IIpo6J1eMbl nHCbMeHHblX HCTO'IHHKOB V 0 sexe AO H.3. - Studia Thracica, I. <l>paKo-cKH<pcKHe xynsrypaue CB1I3H. . 1975, C 163 CJI.; C» tuusm , IIpoY'IBaHHlI BbPXY rpt-uxare H3BOPH, II, 9-10; M. Taueea, UHT. Cb'l., 60.

14

pml,

csofimeno

OT TyKHAH,Il;

B Hdt. VII 137, e orracano (II, 67) B 430 r.np. Xp. T03H Xep0,Il;OT

nO,Ilp06HO <paKT nana

H narnpaao Bb3MO)l(HOCT

na ce TBbp,Il;H, qe npa TeKCT B

CTaBa ,Il;YMa

sa

KbCHO BMbKHaT

xanasara

aa npOH3Be,Il;eHHeTO, qaCTH OT KoeTO ca 6HJIH qe-

npes 445 r. np. Xp.9, HO KoeTO e 6:WIO oxorraaTeJIHO sam-pureao enna OK. 425 r. np. Xp.lO Csrnecrayna orne e,Il;HO 06CT05lTeJICTBO OT ocofiena Ba)l(HOCT.
TeHH B ATHHa ome OCBeH nOCOqeHOTO no-rope ca CbnOCTaBHMH H CXO,Il;CTBO, nsere KOMeHTHpaHH TYK cneztenna

sapann

<paKTa, qe OCHOBHO ,Il;eMCTBYCHTaJIK. A TO-

samo JIH:u;e H B nnara sa HH 3a,Il;bJI)I(aBa na

HTHOCT TeKCTbT

CJIyqaH e ,,:u;apHT na TpaKHTe" npaanaeu csmecrnyaanero

na rOAAMa CHTaJIK

sepo-

sa

CKHJI H HerOBOTO 6HrCTBO npn

(Hdt.
OT

IV, 78-80) 430 r. np. Maxap

na e 6HJI BMbKHaT no Cbrn;OTO

npexe

B :U;AAOCTHOTO Xe-

PO,Il;OTOBOnOBeCTBOBaHHe, xoraro Xp.

H T03H, BH3Hparn; cb6HTHeTo

(Hdt. VII, 137).

Ta3H BepOHTHOCT He 6H TPH6BaTbM KaTO <pHKCHpaHaTa rO,Il;HHa B

H ,Il;OCTaaaneaansarua,

JIO na 6b,Il;e npenetipernana, HHH CJIyqaM

enaB

ornexna
Hero

KbM

speue,
novom

xoraro,

sapann

,Il;OrOBOpbT OT

431
pecsr

r. np. KbM

Xp.

H oxaxaaaara H neronara

OT crpana

na CHTaJIK, HHTe-

m.pzcasa

OCe3aTeJIHO npHCbCTBa

aTHHCKOTO ny6JIH:qHO npOCTpaHCTBO. Ta3H JIHHHH na ce BnHCBa

paacsxneaae
CTPaHa H

B OT,Il;aBHa YJIOBeHaTa H ,Il;e<pHHHpaHa CbnOCTaBHMOCT na CHTaJIK OT enaa

Me)l(,Il;y JIHqHOCTTa H ynpaBJIeHHeTO

ofipasa sa

na TPaKHMCKAA nap

Pe30C OT e,Il;HOHMeHHaTa TPare,Il;HH na KpHTHKaTa cpenry onHTHTe

EBpHnH,Il;II.

CJIe,Il;OBaTeJIHO, m.npexn

KbCHa ,Il;aTHpOBKa na O,Il;PHCKO-CKHTCKAA KOH<pJIHKT OT BpeMeTO 9 C JlI1T.; E. E02oaHo6, lJ.HT. csx., 8 C H3BOPH; M.

9 All. (/JOIl, I1poYllBaHIHI..., Taueea, lJ.HT. Cbll., 60.

10

I1pHeMa ce, lie OKOHlIaTeJlHHHTTeKCT na "MCTOPHH" e rry6J1HKYBaH MaJJKO 425 r.rrp.Xp., xoraro B KOMeJlHHTa "AxapHHHH" History

npena

Apacrorpan

naponapa World. CpB.

XepOJlOTOBOTO o6HcHeHHe aa rrpHlIHHHTe sa rpt.xo-nepcaacxare

BOHHH - CpB.

0. Murray, Greek Historians. - In: The Oxford Ed. J. Boardman, J. Griffin, 0. Murray. Oxford
II

of the Classical

University MOTHBH B

Press, 1986, 191.

CpB. 10,

Il.Il. Iluuumpoe,
1930, 1-19.

MCTopHlIecKH

npaaara

"Pe30c". B. -

MoM)]"

I1paBH aneaarneuae, 30-Te

lie H B lIY)[{JlaTa rnrreparypa roJlHHH aa XX

rrp06J1eMbT

e rrOCTaBeH B Ha'laJJOTO na

L\HTHpaHHTe H3CJleJlBaHHHOT All. (/JOIl, I10JlHTHlIeCKa HCTOpHH , 145. ...

15

rOJI5IMa crenen panero

na CHTaJIK H OKTaMaCa,IJ;12, HMeHHO 're KaTO qe JIH OCTaBaT B HaHaKTyaJIHHI3. HaCT05lBaHeTO, CnOpe,IJ; KOeTO ",IJ;aTHna ( ... ) cpemara na CHTaJIK C OKTaMaCa,IJ; CJIe,IJ; KJIlOqBaHeC

TO na O,IJ;pHCKO-aTHHCKH5I,IJ;OrOBOp npes HeBb3MO)l(HO C

431

r. H npena

425

r.14 e

nOpa,IJ;H aerosara XpOHOJIOr~eCKa

HeCbBMeCTHMOCT HCTOPH5I"15 B TYKH,!1;H-

npyra

Cb6HTH5I na O,IJ;pHCKaTaBbHIIIHO-nOJIHT~eCKa

MO)l(e ,IJ;a6b,IJ;e pe3YJITaT e,IJ;HHCTBeHOOT npenonepaaaae

,IJ;OBaTaHH<popMHpaHOCT no OTHOIIIeHHe na TpaKHHCKHTe ,IJ;eJIa,KOeTO nnpovesr TbH, ce ,IJ;OKa3Ba H OT TBbp,IJ;eHHeTO, qe "aKO TOBa 6eIIIe ,IJ;aHH ro Ka)l(e"16. ,IJ;ace OMaJIOBa)l(aBaT 6e3cnopMy

TYKH,!1;H,!1; nreme

ECTeCTBeHO, He CTaBa Bbnpoc

HHTe ,IJ;OCTOHHCTBa na TYKH,!1;H,IJ; KaTO HCTOPHK, HHTO 3aCJIyrHTe KbM naurero 3HaHHe sa O,IJ;pHCKHTe,IJ;eJIa.3a,IJ;bJI)I(HTeJIHO e, nponycxn B

ofiase,

,IJ;a6b,IJ;aT nOCOqeHH H OTqeTeHH cepH03HHTe HH<popMHpaHOCT

nerosara

no OTHOIIIeHHe na OT,IJ;eJIHH Cb6HTH5I OT O,IJ;pHCKa-

Ta HCTOPH5I B HaqaJIHHTe rO,IJ;HHHna I1eJIOnOHeCKaTa BOHHa, a re ca OqeBH,!1;HHnone B ,IJ;BaCJIyqa5l17. CaMO rasa me CTaHe Bb3MO)l(HO,IJ;a 6b,IJ;aT OqepTaHH peaJIHHTe KOHTypH na Ta3H HCTOPH5I, TaKHBa KaKOT KOMnJIeKCHHTe ,IJ;aHHHna HaJIHqHaTa BHTO re H3KPHCTaJIH3HpaT H3BopOBa fiasa.

12

A. C/>Oll, ITOJlI1T11QeCKa1CTOPI1H , 144-145; C'bUiURm, I ...

Thraco-Scythica

.... ,

163. nocnenno R. Goossens, Euripide et Athenes, Memoires de royale de Belgique, Classe des Lettres et des Sciences morales et politiques 55, 1962, fasc. 4 c rnrreparypa 11 06ocHoBKa sa aBTOpcTBO na EBPl1nl111(non vidi). CpB. All. C/>Oll, ITOJlI1TI1QeCKa I1CTOPI1H , 144-145. ... 14 )J,aTl1pOBKaTa, npennoxeaa OT R. Goossens, Op.cit., 249 11 259 (no All. C/>Oll, Thraco-Scythica ... , 163). 15 All. C/>Oll, Thraco-Scythica ... , 163. 16 All. C/>Oll, ITOJlI1TI1QeCKa I1CTOPI1H , 145. ... 17 BI1)[( TyK no-nony aHaJJI13bT ua TYKI111I1110BI1Te CBelleHI1H.
13

CpB.

I' Academic

16

I.
kamo HagapuA MaHgpokbA, MUHaA 8 E8pona, kamo 3an08J1gaA Ha UOHUuL\Ume ga omnxabam no nOHma go peka II1cmpocl8; maM ga eo 4akam, kamo npexbspAJlm Mocm npea pekama. <DAomama Boqeau UOHUUL\U, eOAuUL\u U xeAecnOHmUUL\u. 2. 111maka, cpAomama, kamo omMUHaAa Kuaaeume, ornnxafaxa npabo kbM II1cmpoc U kamo nAa8aAa aanpabo uaaope no pekama g8a qeaa om Mopemo no pskaba Ha pekama. 111 ommaM, ksqerno ycmuemo Ha II1cmpoc ce pasqexa, npexdspAUAUMocma. 3. A &puu nsk, kamo npeMUHaA 60ccpopa no nOHrnoaurne, mpbzHaA npes Tpakua U kamo cmUZHaA usbopume Ha peka Teap, npecrnoax Ha xaeep mpu qeua, 90, I. Peka Teap, kakmo kaabarn okoxaurne >kumeAu, e m8bpge qofipa U npume>ka8a 8CJ1kak8uAe4e6Hu c80ucm8a. 2. nbmJlm go max om zpag Xepauou npu Flepuarn U om AnoAoHuJI ua E8kcuackorno Mope e 8ceku no g8a geHa. T03U Teap ce 8Au8a 8 peka Koamaqecq, a Kosrnaqecq 8 Aapuaa, a Aapuaa - 8 Xe6poc, kourno nsk ce 8Au8a 8 Mopemo npu zpag EHOC.
18Ilpa lIMTl1paHeTO na CBeneHMlITa CbM ce nprurspzcana ICbMrrpauuana na ce sanassa OKOH'IaHMeTO~C, rorasa (M caxo rorasal), xoraro ce TPaHCKpM6MpaT enHOCpM'IHM MMeHa, nOCTMrHaJIMno Hac spea rpbKoe3M'IHM TeKCTOBe. Ilopann Ta3M npM'IMHa CbM npennosena 'rpaacspanuasra na XMnpOHMMMTeI1cTPOC M Xe6poc npen I1CTbp 11 CbOTBeTHO Xefrsp (CpB. 113BOPMsa I1CTOpHflTaaa TpaKl1l1 11 TPaKI1Te. c., 1981, passim), HO Aprecx 11 CaJIMl1neC npen Aprecsoc 11 CbOTBeTHOCaJIMl1neCOC(CpB. Ilax TaM, 211).

Hdt. IV, 89-93: 89, I. A &puu,

17

91, I. Kozamo .ilapuu npucmuaaax npu maau peka [Teap] U ce pasnoxcokux Ha Aazep, Bb3xumeH om HeJl, u3guzHaA U myk crrrsxf CbCcAegHUJluaqnuc: 2. "vhBopume Ha Teap gaBam uau-qofipama U xy6aBa Boga om BCU4ku peku. Tax qocrnuaaa B noxoga cu npomuB ckumume uau-qofipusrn U uau-kpacubusm om BCU4ku xopa, .ilapuu, CUHHa Xucmacn, uap Ha nepcume U Ha 4JlAa A3UJl". ToBa 6UAO uanucaao maM. 92, I . .ilapuu, kamo ce npugBu>kuA ommaM, cmUZHaA go gpyea peka Ha UMe Apmeck!", kosrno rneue npea 3eMume Ha ogpucume. 111kamo gOWbA npu rnasu peka, uanpabux cAegHomo: noco4UA egHo MJlcmo Ha Bouckarna U 3anoBJlgaA Bceku BOUHUk, koumo MUHaBa npea ueeo, ga XBbPAU maM kawsk. Kamo u3BbpwuAa moBa, Bouckarna ocrnabuxa maM ZOAeMUkynuw,a kaMbHu. 111rnou mpbzHaA c Bouckama no-uarnamsk. (npeBog na V1B.BeHegukoB u A 00JlgJkueB, cpB. v13Bopu 3a ucmopusrno Ha TpakuJl u mpakume. c., 1981, 210-211). 93. npegu ga crnuaae go IIIcmpoc, rnou nokopux aau-aanpeq aemurne, koumo 6e3cMbpmcmyBam20. 3aw,omo mpakume, kou19 B KOaeKCHTe ce nafimonasa pa3JlH'lHO H3nHCBaHe na T03H XHapOHHM. HaH-'leCTO cpeuiauara <popMa, KOHTO HBHBaBKJlIO'lHTeJlHOB KOaeKcHOT XI B., ce e 'Ap noxot; - CpB. y!3BOPH aa TpaKHH H TPaKHTe, 211. TOBa H3nHCBaHe e npennoxereao OT D. Detschew, Die Thrakischen Sprachreste. Wien, 19762, 29 (s.v. 'Ap ncxoc) H OT AA. CPOA, ITbTHT EHOC- Ka6HJle - XeM H 3eMHTe aa H3TOK OT Hero. Hcropaso-reorpadicxn osepx na 06JlaCTTa no xpas na VI B.np.H.e. - B: MeraJJHTHTe B TpaKHH. qacT 2: TpaKHH nOHTHKa. C., 1982, 18. <I>opMaTa 'Ap'tT}O"KOe; (c BapHaHTH) ce cpeura caxo B TPH xonexca, HO HMeHHO TH ce e HaJJO)l(HJla OBceMeCTHOnpa TPaHcKpHnUHHTa na XHapOHHMa. Bb3MO)l(HO e TOBa n na ce abJl)l(H H na 06CTOHTeJlCTBOTO, H3nHCBaHeTOC T}ce HBHBaB HaH-paHHHH 'le Codex Laurentianus LXX 3 OT X B., HO e Bb3MO)l(HO csuio rasa, TOBa na ce abJl)l(H aa XHapOHHMa • ApOT}o"KOe; B "TeoroHHH"(345) na Xeauon, 20 Ilpesoirsr aa l1B. BeHeaHKOB H )J.. EOHa)l(HeB e .rerure, KOHTOBHpBaT B 6e3CMbpTHeTO CH" (CpB. 113BOPH aa TpaKHH H TPaKHTe, 211). ITo-KopeKTeH npeson na Xeponoroscro Dhae; roi»; a~ava'ti~ov'tae; e nanen OT IT. )J.HMHTPOB- "reTHTe, KOHTOo6e3cMbpTHBaT" (CpB. Xepooom. l1CTOpHH. qacT sropa. c., 1990, 35). Bnposea, HaH-TO'leH e see nax l1B. BeHeaHKOB C HerOBOTO ,,6e3CMbpTCTBYBaM" (M6. Beueouxoe, MeaHOTO ryano na npaosnrapare. C., 1983, 149). Bnaronapna CbM aa K. Paoanxaea, KOHTOMH HanOMHH sa TOBaraxa YMeJlO CJlOBOTBOPCTBO CpB. K. Pa6aaJICUe6, EJlHHCKH MHcTepHH B TpaKHH. OnHT sa apXeOJlOrH'leCKH nposnr. C. 2000 (psxonac), 196 CJl.

18

mo gbp>kam Cawiuqec, kakmo U OHe3U, koumo >kuBeSlm Hag AnOAOHUSl U MecaM6pUSl21 - maka Hape4eHume ckupMuagu22 U uunceu, - ce npegaAu Ha L\apuO 6e3 600, a nsk eemurne, koumo nocrnsnuxu Seapaacsqao, 6UAU nopofieau BegHaza, Bbnpeku 4e 6UAU uau-xpafipu U cnpaBegAuBu u3Me>kgy mpakume. (npeBogbm e Bb3 oCHoBa na npeBoga na II1B. BeHegukoB u 11 oOJlg>kueB, cpB. 1I13Bopu 3a ucmopuJlma ..., 211,
HO

Ha yka3aHume

Mecma ca HanpaBeHu npoMeHu).

Hdt. VII, 59, I: Llopuck e kpaufipeekue na Tpakus u ofiuiupaa

paBHuHa, npes kosmo rneve ZOAAMama peka Xe6poc. TaM e CbZpageHa uapckarna kpenocm, koarno ce Hapu4a Llopuck u B koarno UMaAOnocmaBeH nepcuOcku aapausoa om L\apuO om oHoBa BpeMe, kozamo ornuursx Ha noxog cpeLL\Yckumume. (npeBog na II1B. BeHegukoB u 11ooJlg>kueB, cpB. 1I13Bopu 3a ucmopunma ..., 243).
21 Ha TOBa MliCTO npeaom.r na I1B. BeHe.!ll1KOB 11 )J,. Boanxaes maca: ,,3amOTO YpaKI1Te OT CaJIMI1'!{ecoc, KOI1TO )l(MBeliT nan AnOJlOHl1l111MeCaM6p1111" - CpB. 113Bop" aa Tpaxas a YpaKI1Te, 2 I I. TOBa xereae e HaMepIDIO orpaxeane 11 npa aHaJII13a aa CBe,!{eHl1eTO, nanpasea OT 116. BeHeOUK06, TpaKI1HCKaTa TOnOHI1Ml1l1 B ,!{BI1)1(eHl1e. HaCeJleHl1eTO aa IOr0l13T04Ha Tpasns. - B: MeraJIl1T11TeB Tpaxas. LJacT 2: Tpasas flOHTI1Ka. C., 1982,41 11e Bb3np"eTO OT p. Ilonoe, Bor'sr C MHOro I1MeHa. C., 1995, 82 11 nOCJle,!{HOOT K. JIopO:JICaH06, lJ,apCKl1l1Trpa,!{-npOTOnOJlI1CMeCaM6p1111.- B: Jubilaeus III. C60PHI1K B nauer na nporp. E. Iepoa. C., 2000, 115. TeKcTbT na Xeponor 06a4e '!{e<pI1Hl1pa M3pl14HOYpI1 (a He nael) "rpynl1" YpaKI1: oi !lEV 8~ 10V ~aA.!lu8T10'0'OV Exovn,C; 8plllK!,C; Kat i:mEp 'ArcoA.A.wviTlC; 1E Kat MEO'a!lj3piTlC; rcOA.WC; iKTI!lEVOt. flo O Ta311npaxaua TyK CbM 113nOJl3BaJIa nO-KOpeKTHl1l1, cnopen MeH, npeson aa fl. )J,I1MI1YpOB "YpaKI1Te, KOI1TO '!{bp)l(aT CaJIMIO'!{ecoc, KaKTO11OHe311,KOI1TO )l(I1BeliT Ha,!{rpanoaere AnOJlOHl1l111MeCaM6p1111"(B)I(. Xepooom. Hcropns. LJacT sropa, 35). CpB. 4eTeHeTO rrpa B.B.CmpY6e, )J,apl1HI 11CKI1<pbI lpnsepaoaopsa, - B: B. I B. Cmpyee, 3TIO'!{bI no "CTOP"" Cesepnoro Ilpaxepaoaopsa, KaBKa3a 11 Cpenaeli A31111. IeHI1Hrpa,!{, 1968, 106; M. Zahrnt, Die Perser in Thrakien. - In: J Thrace ancienne. Vol. 1. Komotini, 1997, 95 11 M. Taueea, Tepee rrspsocrponrensr aa onpacxara zrspxasa. - B: Jubilaeus II. I0611J1eeHC60PHI1K B traver na npoo. Xp. )J,aHoB. C., 1999, 156. 22 Ilpesom.r aa I1B. BeHe,!{I1KOB11)J,. EOll,!{)I(l1eB rtpenana eTHOHI1Ma KaTO Klp"MlaHI, HO sapana npOY4BaHeTO na r. MI1XaHJlOB (G. Mihailov, Sur l'alternance occlusive: s-occlusive en Thrace. - Philologia 2, 1977, 5) npenno-nrraa pa3H04eTeHeTo "CKl1pMl1a'!{I1" - CpB. 11 K. HopoaHo6, Erno-reorpadicaa 11 nOJll1T114eCKa 06CTaHoBKa B CYpaH,!{)I(a ,!{Onocnenaara 4eTBbpT aa IV B.np.H.e. - B: CYpaH,!{)I(a. )J,peBHocT 11csspeaae. C., 1990, 375.

19

Pa3Ka3'hT aa npH,D;BIDKBaHeTOna nepCH:HCKIDI nap ,l1,apHH I npes

Haroxaa TpaKIDI no spesre na noxona My cpenry CKHTHTe B Kpa51

na VI B. e amlJIH3HpaH MHoroKpaTHo, KaTO nOqTH BCHqKH ascne)];OBaTenH ca OTqHTanH H xparxara fienexxa na XepO)];OT sa ,l1,0PHCK (VII, 59, 1)23. Hanoxeaaero aa Xanaxapaaceua nosnara MHor06poHHH B'hnpOCH; orronopnre na xacr OT T5IX KaTO npasano ce pasnasasar npn paamoraare asropa, HO B H5IKOHcnysaa ca )];0pn B3aHMOH3KnIOQBa:m;Hceo TOBa ce OTHaC5IHaH-BeQe )];0 O)];PHCHre H T5IXHaTa c'h)];6a B KOHTeKCTa na Ilapaeeara KaMnaHIDI B H3TOQHOTPaKnHCKHTe 3eMH. I1p06neM'hT, KOHTO KOH[(eHTPHpa B ce6e CH BCnqKH OCTaHanH B'hnpOCH, e T03H aa rpacero na npH)J;BIDKBaHe na nepCHHCKaTa apMH5I npes 113TOQHa TpaKH5I. I1 T'hH KaTO OT paamonnrre asropa TO e npocnenasano KaKTO no caMOTO KpaH6pe)l(He, BKn. H npes rpsuKHTe QepHOMOpCKH KonOHHH24, raxa H npes B'hp6HIIlKH5I HnH KapH06aTCKIDI npoxon'", npoxona AHTOC - I1POBa)J;H5I26,HnH ,l1,lOnHH23 Ilpernen na no-crapara rnrreparypa BI1)K y B. Be/'-Ko6, nbTI1111aTa no 3anaaHOTO 4epHOMopl1e B npenpaxcxara enoxa (VI-I B.) - I1BAA, 14, 1963, 26-27. OT nO-HOBan mrreparypa B)J(. nanp. I. Venedikov, La campagne de Darius contre les Scythes travers la Thrace. - Studia Balcanica, I, 1970; 116. BeHeOHKo6, Tpaxaticxara TOnOHI1MI1H , 37--42 11 M. Taseea, Tepee..., 155-158. ... 24 M. Zahrnt, Op. cit., 91: .Dareios' Marsch zur Donau fiihrte kurz vor SID zur Unterwerfung einiger ostthrakischer Stamrne sowie der Griechenstadte an der Westkiiste des Schwarzen Meeres" (CpB. Ilax TaM 11C. 94). B)J(. ct.uto AA. C/JOA, nbTHT EHOC - Ka611J1e- XeM ... , 24: "llapHT ( ... ) noen no naii-ynofinoro rpace KbM AnOJlOHI1H". Taxa 11K. HopoaHo6, Eruo-reorparpcxa 11nOJlI1TI1'1eCKa oficranoaxa ... , 377: "noeJl no naii-ynofinoro sa 3Ha'lI1TeJlHI1BOeHHI1CI1J111 rpace KbM AnOJlOHI1H", KaKTO11M. Taueea, Tepee ... , 156: "...cb6I1TI1HTa cnen narepa ( ... ) KpaH p. Teap, OT KbaeTO 3anO'IHaJJBTOpHHTnpexon na nepcare KbM AnonoHHH nOHTHKa". 3a KpHTH'IeH aHaJJH3na eBeHTYaJJeHMaplllpyT noxpati MopeTO B)J(. 116. BeHeOHKo6, TpaKHHcKaTa TOnOHHMI1H 39. ..., 25116. BeHeOHKo6, TpaKHHcKaTa TonOHHMHH , 41. ... 26 Taxa ouie K. 1I1KopnuA, I1cTopH'IecKH 6eJle)J(KH aa 4epHOMopcKaTa 06J1aCTna EaJJKaHcKHHnOJlyocTPOB. Iloxorrsr aa AapHH npea 511 r. - MOpCKH crosop, XI, 1934, I, 9-11 H 3, 5-7. B)J(. csuro B. BeAKo6, Ih.nnuara ... , 27; A/I. C/JOA, nOJlHTH'IeCKa HCTOpHH , 116. CpB. o6a'le AA. C/JOA, nbTHT EHOC- Ka6HJle ... - XeM ... , 24: .Llapsr He 6H MOrbJl na MHHe rtpes npoxona AHTOC-npOBaaHH, KaKTO06HKHOBeHOce npneaa, sautoro B TaKbB CJlY'IaHTOHHe 6H nOa'lHHHJI HJlH none CnJlalllHJI HHnceHTe nan MecaM6pHH ..."

20

CKIDI npoxozr", I1paBH BH)KBaHeTO KOHTO OH

TO 0651CHHMH ca H MHOrOTO BapHaHTH 51CHOTOO<pOpM5IHe

aa HCTOPHB

qeCKa peKOHCTpYKQIDI.

anesarneaae
na
,[(apuH

na .D;Ba"eTana" ysacr'sxa

npnnno

I npes

TpaKIDI

B 3aBHCHMOCT OT

naxana,

Xeponor oneprana
p. ApTeCK TOBa

HerOBIDI

rrsr,

OT OH3aHTHTI'bTPa-

no

T5IT e KHTe, ,[(apHii

e CTopeHO e,D;l:lHCTBeHO no XH,n;POHHMHoxepran spca pexnre Teap28 H ApTeCK. T)'K "JIHnCBaT"

"JIHnCBaT" TIJIeMeHaTa,

aa npaxraxa Cnp5lMO

"JIHTICBaT"

xoparal
l:IJIH e

KaTO qe JIH ce TepHTopIDI,

rrpansaacsa rrpes
cTaT)'T

HeHaCeJIeHa

06JIaCT

npes

qHHTO

nepcaiicxaa nap sese

MHHaJIO

6HJI YCTaHOBeH B H5IKaKBO CH29. BTOPIDIT eran

neonpeneneno

spexre

H TOBa ro BJIaCTTa

e OCB060,n;HJIO OT He06xo,n;l:IMOCTTa

Ten'bpBa

,n;a HaJIara

e ,n;e<pHHHpaH qpe3

"TPaKHTe,

KOHTO m-pzcar en-

CaJIMl:I.D;eCOC" H xpes HHTe "ce T'bnl:lJIH npenann

eTHOHHMHTe cKHpMHa,D;l:l, HHTICeHH rern: a npyrtrre - renrre

na ,[(apHH 6e3 60H",

- "noc-

6e3pa3C'b,n;HO"

H 3aTOBa ,,6l:1JIH nopofienn

senaara" (IV,

27 All. ([JOII, Ih.rar EHOC - Ka611ne - XeM ... , 24: " ... TPaKI1MCKI1Te WIeMeHHI1 rpyrm nan MeCaM6pl1H MoraT na ce TbPCHT eLlI1HCTBeHoB nnananara OTpaiioaa na AlOnl1HCKI1H npoxon LlO EMI1He"; K. HopoaH06, Erno-reorpadicxa 11 nOnl1TI1'1eCKa06CTaHOBKa... , 377: "TYK eLlI1HCTBeHOTOYLl06HO rpace, nopann MHoro6pOMHI1Te 6naTI1CTI1 MeCTHOCTI1, e AlOnl1HCKI1HT npoxon, (... ) Cnen AlOnl1HCKI1Hnpoxon nepcare naaneamr B reTCKI1Hnnesrenen MaCI1B11ce HaCO'l11J1 KbM

xanrepnanna aa Onecoc."

28 3a p. Teap 11HeMHaTa l1L1eHTI1<pI1KaUI1H113BOPl111mrreparypa CpB. V. C Besevliev, Ein Ratsel der antiken Geographie Thrakiens. - Studia Balcanica, 10, 1975, 19-22, KOMTO nOLl06Ho na B. BellK06 (TIbTl1I.QaTa... , 27) Bb3npl1eMa l1L1el1Tena r. n. AJlHo6, CTaPI1 nbTI1I.Qa 11cenauta KpaM THX npes CTPaHLI)J(a 11 Caxap, - I1EAI1 Xv, 1946, 107-108. Ilo-crapara l1L1eHTI1<pI1KaUI1H Teap, aa uanoxena OI.QeOT A. HOXMYC, e 3aI.QI1TaBaHaOT B. Cmouxoea, IOrol13To'lHa TpaKI1H B rrsrennca aa ren-neitreaaar Asrycr HOXMYC, fiapon Karansona. Bexose, 1977, 2, 56-62, A. ([Jon, TIbTHT EHOC - Ka611ne - XeM ..., 18 C 6en. 24 na c. 30, Il. Ilonoe, CTPaHLI)J(aOT CbBpeMl1eTO KbM LlpeBHOCTTa.- B: KYJ1TYPHOI1CTOpl1'1eCKO HacneLlCTBO aa CTPaHLI)J(a-CaKap. C., 1987, 14-15 11 K. HopoaHo6, Erno-reorparpcsa 11nOnl1TI1'1eCKa06cTaHoBKa ... , 377. 29 OI.Qe B. B. Cmpyee, Aapl1H 1..., 106 e 3a6enH3bn nancara na I1H<p0pMaUI1H y Xeponor sa BOeHHI1 LleHCTBI1Haa Aapl1H cpeuty rpbUKI1Te rpanose I1nl1 TPaKI1HCKMTe nneueaa OT IO)J(HaTa'1aCTna 3anaLlHOTO Ilpasepuoaopae.

21

93)

H "KaTO 6HnH nO,w:IHHeHH OT nepcnre,

nocnennamr

npyrara

BOHcKa"

(IV, 96). Heuto noaexe.

Xep0,Il;OT He OCTaBji MjlCTO qe )J,apHH "nOKopHn

sa

He-

,Il;Opa3YMeHHe H KaTerOpHqHO

saansaa,

HaH-

nanpen rerrrre" (IV, 93). Taxa

paHcTBoTO, onacano MeCTHOTO aacenenae

OTHOBO e nO,Il;CKa3aHo, qe B

npocrC

no XH,Il;POHHMH, OTHOIIIeHAATa na IIepcAA ca 6HJIH ypenena e 6enjl3aHa e 06CTOjiTenCTBOTO, qe rpannnaOT "roneMHTe xynmna na

onte npe,Il;H CKHTCKAA noxa-

XO,Il;na )J,apHH. CHMnTOMaTWIHo 'ra Me)l(,Il;y Te3H naa "eTana" M'hHH", narpynana KHjI nap. anexaarno ApTeCK. B'hB Ka e

OT nepCHHCKaTa BOHcKa no sarronen

Bennna p.

T03H cpaKT 6H MOr'hn na HH nouorne

npn T'hpCeHeTO na B paiiona

06j1CHeHHe sa ,Il;eHCTBAATa na rrepcnre

apssxa

C MapIIIpyTa

na )J,apHH

I rrpes

I13TOqHa TpaKHjI,

Xep0,Il;OT cpHKcHpa TpH jlCHO ,Il;ecpHHHpaHH nymcra.

Hasamrara

TOqTOq-

Geacnopna -

rpa,Il; bH3aHTHoH,

K'h,Il;eTOnepcaiicxara

BOHcKa e

npenanana rtpes pexara nens",

OT A3AA B e nocrpoen

Espoua.

JlCHO noco-rena

e H xpaiinara

xa na npH,Il;BH)l(BaHeTO rrpes 3eMHTe IO)l(HO OT p. I1CTpOC: MOCT'hT TaM, "K'h,Il;eTO YCTHeTO na I1CTpOC ce pasKoeTO e

na

nsa ,Il;HH rrsr OT MopeTO

narope

no

pexara (IV,
TO-

89)30.

Ha nsa ,Il;HHrrsr OT MopeTO OTCTOH H TpeTAA Ha30BaH nyHKT

OT MapIIIpyTa na oanaaasa,

na

)J,apHH - H3BopHTe rrsr,

na

p. Teap

(IV, 90, 2)31. A

qe nepCHHCKHjlT nap C'hC CHrypHOCT He ce e ,Il;BH)l(lL1 KaKTO npennonarar noaexero H3Cne,Il;OBa-

no KpaH6pe)l(HAA

30 Bt.npesn rasa 51CHaTalle<pI1HI1UI151 aa XepOIlOT sa M5ICTOTOna MOCTa B cnenaanaaapanara nnreparypa ca nannue KOJIe6aHI151. Taxa nanpuaep N G. L. Hammond (Persia in Europe, apart from Greece. - In: CAH Iy2, 1988,238 f. C xaprara na c. 244) JIOKaJII1311pa M5ICTOTO cpeuiara MelKllY <pJIOTaTa11cyxorrsrna nara nepcaiicxa soiicxa npn IlH. lJepHa BOlla, KoeTO rrporaaopexa na BCI1'·IKI1 113BeCTHI1 llaHHI1 sa MOCTa na )J,apI1H. AHaJII13 na HaJIl1qHI1TeCBelleHI151sa T0311 MOCT BlK. Y /16. BeHeOUlW6, TpaKI1HcKaTa TOnOHI1MI151 , 37. HeCepl103HO 3Byql1 ... <POPMYJIl1pOBKaTa,cnopen K05ITO MOCTbT npes Hcrpoc "ce HaMl1paJI He MHoro nanex OT YCTl1eTO na pesara" - CpB. T CnupUOOHOB, Ih.rauia. - B: P Feopeueea, T CnupUOOH06, M. Pexo, ETHOJI0rl151aa TpaKI1Te. CbCTaBI1TeJI MB.

Ieopraesa. c.. 1999, 58. 31 Cnopen M. Tasesa, Tepee..., 156 )J,apl1H IlOCTl1ra IlO 113BOpl1Tena Teap

"CJIeIlIlBYIlHeBeH rrpexon", HOraxaaa 113pl1QHaI1H<p0pMaUI151 JIl1nCBa B 113BOpI1Te. Xeponor HI1Kblle He Ka3Ba KOJIKOe pa3CT05lHI1eTOOT EI13aHTI10H IlO 113BOpl1Tena Teap.

22

TeJIH

32

,ll;HH rrsr

, a no TPace, KoeTO KaTO ofinta TeH,ll;eHIJ;IDI OTCTOH na OK. rma OT MopeTo33. OT,ll;eJIHH OTKJIOHeHHH C"hC CHrypHOCT e HMaKaKTO OT na

JIO H re ca 06yCJIaBHHH xa H OT oco6eHOCTHTe

crpareraaecxn repena. Ilpa BCIfqKH

TpaKIDI,

C"h06pIDKeHIDI, nOJIO)l(eHIDI,

ra-

enno

HaBJIH3aHe ,ll;"hJI60KO B"hB B"hTPellIHa "BO,ll;HaTa JIHHHH",

BKJIIOqHTeJIHO OTB"h,ll;

oxepraaa OT ,ll;HeIIIHHTe pexa TYH,ll;)I(a H MapaIJ;a, enna JIH e peaJIHO. Ilonotien CKemHIJ;H3"hM, noncxasaa OT cno,ll;eJIeHOTO TOKy-:W;O Ha6JIIO,ll;eHHe, ce nonxpansa H OT JIHllCaTa na H3PIfqHO YTOqHeHHe B paamezsnanns XepO,ll;OTOB TeKCT, qe nepcaiicxara noiicxa e npeuanana p. Xetipoc '".
TOrrOHI1Ml1l1 ... , 39. Kareropnsno He na )J,apl1eBOTO ,llBI1)1(eHl1e npes Tpaxna na rrsr KbM CKI1TI1Te, 113'1I1CJleHO OT I1B. BeHe,llI1KOB (TIaK TaM, 39), sapann nornxara aa 113rrOJl3YBaHI1Te OT Hero aprYMeHTI1. Taxa aanpuaep, cnopen BeHe,llI1KOB, II-Te ,llHI1 rrsr OT Aonepa no I1cTPoc ct.ofiuteun OT TYKI1,llI1,ll rrpl1 Orrl1CaHl1eTO aa
32 CpB.

M6. Beneouxoe, Tpaionicxara

BpeMeTPaeHeTO

Mora na rtpueua

O,llpI1CKaTa m.pzcasa, ce OTHaClIJl sa "TO'lKI1Te, rrpl1 KOI1TO )J,YHaB ce 113BI1Ba HaHCI1JlHO aa tor, a EreHCKO Mope - aa cesep". PeaJJHO, C TOBa CI1 onncauae TYKI1,llI1,ll

onpenens ennn OT naara nnaroaana na O,llpI1CKaTa ,llbp)l(aBa - T0311 OT Aonepa na iorosanan no YCTl1eTO na I1cTPOC na CeBep0I13TOK. BTOPl1l1T mrarouan (OT
EI13aHTI10H Ha IOr0l13TOK ,llO ropHOTO Te'leHl1e Ha CTPI1MOH Ha

sanan/ceaepoaarran) e C ,llbJl)!(I1Ha OT 13 ,llHI1 rrsr na ,l106bp neurexoneu (B)I(. TyK no-nony aHaJJI13a na Thuc. II, 97, 1-2). 33 Orne B. BeAKo6, Il'snuuara ..., 31-32 nocoxsa, 'Ie ,,13BOp"Te oseprasar naa ycnopennn rrsrs, KOI1TO npecnxar KpaH6pe)l(I1eTO 11 6Jll13KI1lI XI1HTepJlaH,ll aa 3arra,llHOTO Hepuoaopne B rrOCOKa cesep-ror" 11 se TOBa HaMl1pa noraspxneuae 11 B P"MCKITe rrbTeBO,llI1TeJlI1, KOI1TO ci-mo npocnenssar nsa rrsrs B pasrnexnanara 06JlaCT - KpaHMopcKI1 11 Burpeumonapanenen. I1MeHHo BTOpl1llT - BbTPewHonapanennnsr - IlbT e npennaran "HaH-KpaTKaTa npt.sxa OT BI13aHTI10H sa )J,OJlHI1 )J,YHaB", nopana KoeTO e 611Jl ,,113rrOJl3ysaH MHOro I1HTeH311BHO He caao npes TPaKI1HCKaTa, HO csuro npes p"MCKaTa 11 ocooeuo npes KbCHOaHTI1'1HaTa enoxa". He CbM CKJlOHHa ooase na nonxpens B. BeJJKOB B npenrronosseaaero MY, xe O,lleCOC e 611Jl BKJlIO'IeH B TPaceTO na )J,apl1eBI1lI noxon, Ilo-seposrao e, namexna, cesepno
OT XeMYC MapWPYTbT

na

BeJlI1KI1lI

uap

na

cnensan

rrp"6JlI3ITeJlHO

nan-

paaneunero, KoeTO sa p"MCKaTa erroxa e oseprano -rpes Ml1Jll1apHI1Te KOJlOHI1 npn ,llH. Iopen '111<pJlI1K- )J,eBHlI/TIoJleBlIHOBO - Knrrpa - ITaCKaJJeBO - A6pl1T Dorobantu - Slava Rusa - Niculitel (B)I(. L. Hollenstein, Zu den Meilensteinen der romischen Provinzen Thracia und Moesia inferior. - Studia Balcanica 10, 1975, 43). 3a BOeHHI1Te rrsrmna B T0311 paiion CpB. 11V. Besevliev, Bemerkungen iiber die antiken Heerstral3en im Ostteil der Balkanhalbinsel. - KJio, 51, 1969,483-495. 34 Taxa 11 T Cnupuoouoe, Ih.nnua, 58.

23

HIITO enna OT eJUlHCKMTe rrOHTMHCKMKOJIOHMMOT TpaKMHCKMH fipar He e cnoueaara OT XepOAOT KaTO "C'hCTaBHa xacr" OT MapIIIpyra na AapMH M TOBa e nopenno AOKa3aTeJICTBO, qe K'hM CKMTCKMTe npenenn BeJIMKMHT nap He ce e ABM)I(MJI rro KpaH6pe)l(HMH II'hT. Hsrnexna, nosnara na ArrOJIOHMH M MecaM6pMH T)'K He e sapamr rrepCMHCKMH nap M HerOBOTO ABM)I(eHMe npes TpaKMH, a sapaAM XepOAOTOBMTe CJIyrnaTeJIM. l:IMeHHo aa THX aBTOp'hT rrOHCHHBa eTHOHMMMTe CKMpMMaAM M nancen qpe3 rr03HaTIITe (B ATMHa?) TOrrOHMMM na ArrOJIOHMH M MeCaM6pMH. CJIeAOBaTeJIHO, B paarnexAaHOTO CBeAeHMe TOrrOHMM'hT MecaM6pMH narnpa He OT BpeMeTO na CKMTCKMHrrOXOA tra AapMH I, a OT npesrero na XepoAoT35. Harepecao e na ce 06HCHM M noasara na XMApOHMMlITe KOHTaAeCA, Arpaaa M Xe6poc B pasxaaa aa M3BopMTe aa p. Teap. CJIeA peropasans m.npoc "OT M3JIMIIIHa 6'h6pMBOCT JIM XepOAOT HM pasKa3Ba KOHpexa B KOH ce BJIMBa M cnouenaaa CJIeA Teap KOHTaAeCA, Arpaau M Xe6poc?" l:IB. BeHeAMKOB nasa OTrOBOP, KaTO HaCTOH35

Cnopen

B. BeJlK06,

Ilvrautara ..., 25-26 Mecaaopas aexe e csurecrnyaa-

J1a no speue na Aapl1eBIHI noxon (CpB. 11B. BeJlK06, MeCaM6p1111.- B: Kparxa eHUI1KJ10ne}J,1111 TpaKI1HCKa npesuocr. C., 1993, 178). 113Bopl1Te 11no-crapara rnrreparypa sa MeCaM6pl111 ca cb6paHl1 ouie OT r. MI1XaHJlOB - CpB. G. Mihailov, IGBulg. 12, c. 255-257; nOCJlenHO BX<. K. Ilopoocauoe, Ilapcxasr rpaa-nporortonnc ..., 115-119. KbM spas aa VI B. 113me)I()J.a OTHaCliCb3naBaHeTO na MeCaM6pl111 11 O. AI1MI1TpOB (B. Dimitrov, Beobachtungen iiber die antike Topographie der siidlichen Schwarzmeerkiiste. - Studia Balcanica, 10, 1975, 11), nOKaTO 10. BUHo2pa606 (Sartanuoe 11 Cesepuoe Ilpaxepnovopse B KJlaCCI1'1ecKYI{) noxy, - B: I1CTOpl1l1Enponu. l. ApeBHlIli Eapona. OrB. pen. E. a C. Fonytiuoea. M., 1988, 374) roBOPI1 aa sropara nOJlOBI1Ha ua VI B., a J Boardman, Kolonien und Handel der Griechen. Mimchen, 1981,290-291 - sa pannas VI B. np. Xp. He CbM yoenena B rtonofina pauua naraposxa aa Cb3naBaHeTO ua MeCaM6p1111.<DaKTe, xe apxeonorasecxn 3aCBI1}J,eTeJlCTBaHI1Te HaH-paHHI1 eJlI1HCKI1 crpana ua Ta311nOpl1HCKa KOJlOHl1l1 sacera ce OTHaCliTenaa KbM V s.np.Xp, KbM cpenara ua CblIll1l1 V-TI1 BeK sanosaa cpefrspuoro 11 6POH30BOTO MOHeTOCe'leHe na rpana, a HaH-paHHI1Te eJlI1HCKI1Ha}J,nl1CI1ua craporpt.uxn e3l1K ce nossaaar enaa KbM spas aa V 11Ha'laJIOTOna IV B.np.Xp. (CpB. V. Velkov (ed.), Nessebre. II. Sofia, 1980; Mesambria - Mesemvria Nessebur. Sofia, 1987). IIpl1 raxasa apxeonorasecxa KapTI1Ha 11cnen KaTO e lICHO, 'Ie MeCaM6pl111 He e 3anbJDKl1TeJlHOCbBpeMeHHI1K ua Aapl1eBl1l1 noxon rtpes 113TO'lHa Tpaxaa, TO MHoro e Bb3MOlKHO HeHHOTO csanasaae na narupa ensa cnen 110Hl1HCKOTO BbCTaHl1e, r.e, OT Ha'laJIOTO na V s.np.Xp.

24

na,

qe AapHH

e H3MHHan C BOHCKHTe CH lIbT5I ):(0 EHOC H AOPHCK,

KOHTa):(eC):(, Arpnan H Xe6poc 36. B ):(eHCTBHTeJIHOCT,BCIfqKH Te3H HMeHa ce 5IB5IBaT B TeKCT (Iv, 90), KOHTO HMa sa e):(HHCTBeHa QeJI):(a npencrasa na Xeponorosa'ra aY):(HTOpH5I pexara Teap, ClIOMeHaTa OT aBTopa sapana lIpeCT05I na AapHH lIpH H3BopHTe M. Taxa, na rrspso M5ICTO e orracana caMan pexa H xanecraara na HeHHHTe H3BOPH (IV, 90, 1). CJIe):(Ba JIOKanH3aQH5ITa na H3BopHTe, cropeno spea lI03HaTH aa Ta3H aY,lJ;HTOPH5I TOlIOHHMH - "rpa):( Xepaiion npn IIepHHT" H "AlIOJIOHH5I na EBCKHHCKOTO Mope" (IV, 90, 2). Ha rpero M5ICTO e onacana pesnara CHCTeMa (Konranecn, Arpaaa, Xe6poc), B K05ITO ysacrna TeKaTO ce ClIYCHaJI lIO Teap, ap, KaTO B

xpaiina
nese

CMeTKa

csmo

ce CTHra ):(0 rrae lIOH5ITH5I, KOHTO OT KyJITypHOTO lIpocTpaHcTBo

6e3 CbMHeHHe

ca 6HJIH xacr

na

eJIHHHTe - peKaTa Xe6poc HO,

H rpa):(a EHOC

(IV, 90, 2).

CJIe):(oBaTeJI-

):(Blf)KeHHeTO

csotimemrre B T03H TeKCT XHAPOHHMH H5IMaT OTHOIIIeHHe KbM na AapHH npes TpaKHHcKHTe 3eMH, a ca HOCHTeJIH e):(HHCTBeHO na HH<popMaQH5I sa p. Teap. M aKO AOPHCK e H3):(HrHaT KaTO uapcxa xpenocr TOqHO lIO npeste na AapHeBH5I lIOXO,lJ;cpemy cKHTHTe, a He lIo-paH037, TO TOBa e 6HJIO CTopeHO OT npyra H3XO):(na lI03HQH5I, a He OT H3BopHTe na Teap38. B lIp5IKa spsaxa C Te3H Ha6JIJO,lJ;eHH5I,CTOH H lIp06JIeMbT sa

30 /16. BeHeOUIC06, TpaKI1HcKaTa TOnOHI1Ml1ll.. , 39-40. Taxa 11K. HopoaHo6, . Erao-reorpadicxa ..., 377. 37 B TeKCTa na XepOAOT (VII, 59, 1) ce ycema 113BeCTHO OTAeJIliHe aa ABaTa

MOMeHTa- 113AI1raHeTO uapcxara xpenocr, aapexeaa ,[(OPI1CK,11nOCTaBliHeTO aa B Hell aa nepCI1HCKI1rapHl130H. I13pl14HaTa apeveaa 06Bbp3aHOCT C nOXOAa na ,[(apl1H cpeuiy CKI1TI1Te nOC04eHa OT XepOAOT sa nOCTaBliHeTOna nepCI1HCKl1ll e rapHl130H. Cnopen M. Taueea (Tepee ..., 156) uapcxara xpenocr ,[(OPI1CK "e crpoena AOCTanO-KbCHO, 3alI.(OTOOT csenemerra aa CblI.(l1ll asrop aa nenara aa Merafias, KaTO "cTPaTer na XeJIeCnOHTa" e llCHO, 4e ensa roraaa 3an04Ba nonroroaxara aa rrsrs no ereiicxoro KpaH6pellme, KOHTO 611JIaam-purea OT MapAOHI1H B aasexepnero aa noxona aa Kcepxc." KaTerOpl14HO He Mora na rrpaeva resara sa KbCHO nOCTPO!lBaHeaa ,[(0PI1CK. 3a AeHHOCTTana Merafias B Tpaxna BlK. TyK no-nony, 38 3a npyro MHeHl1e, CpB. Iv. Venedikov, Op. cit., 29, /16. BeHeOUIC06, TpaKI1HcKaTa TOnOHI1Ml1ll , 40 11M. Taueea, Tepee..., 156. Kpl1TI1Ka aa Ta311 ... resa BlK. y All. ctJOll, IloJII1TI14ecKa I1CTOPl1ll , 115. ...

25

nneueanara TepHTOpIDI na O,IJ;pHCHTe.HMeHHo no T03H m.npoc ca ,IJ;a,IJ;eHH B'b3MO)l(HO Hail:-npoTHBOpe'IHBHTe H OTrOBopH H pelIIeHHH. CKJIOHHa C'bM ,IJ;arrpaeva, 'Ie npH'IHHaTa sa TOBa B naii-ronaaa crenen e CBp'bXHHTepnpeTa[(HHTa na XepO,IJ;OTOBIDI TeKCT, 06B'bPsaam pexara ApTeCK H eTHOHHMa na O,IJ;pHCHTe.)J{enaHHeTO B TO3H TeKCT ,IJ;ace T'bPCHT ,IJ;aHHHsa npsx KOHTaKT (cfirrscsx) na ,[(aPHil: I C O,IJ;pHCKaTa rrspzcaaa no BpeMe na CKHTCKIDI My nOXO,IJ;39 e nHlIIeHO OT peanno OCHOBaHHe, a n'bTHT ,IJ;O onepraaane na nnesrennara TepHTopHH na O,IJ;pHCHTexpea TOBa CBe,IJ;eHHee no-rrsrrsr, OTKonKOTO H3rne)l(,IJ;a na np'sn nomen, B'bTPeIIIHaTa noraxa na Xep0,IJ;OTOBIDI TeKCT nOKa3Ba, 'Ie xasaHOTO no-rope no OTHOlIIeHHe na AnonOHHH H MecaM6pHH e sanH,IJ;HOH sa O,IJ;pHCHTe.ETHOHHM'bT ce "nOHBHBa" B TeKCTa He sapa,IJ;H ,[(apHil: I H HerOBOTO npH,IJ;BH)I(BaHe rrpes TpaKHH, a aapana XHApOHHMa Aprecx, I10-TO'IHO - 3apa,IJ;H Xep0,IJ;OTOBHTe cnynrarenn, na KOHTO TOil: e TPH6Bano ,IJ;a06HCHH C n03HaTH HM nOHHTHH KOH e pexara, K'b,IJ;eTO nepcniicxara noitcxa e OCTaBHna "roneMH KYTIHm;a KaM'bHH". II1;e pexe, Xep0,IJ;OT BC'bm;HOCT 06HCHHBa Hen03HaTIDI XH,IJ;POHHMApTeCK spea n03HaTIDI eTHOHHM na O,IJ;pHCHTe. CaMHTe O,IJ;PHCH, aKTO CTaBa HCHO OT "HcTopHH" -ra, He ca HHK TO cpen ,IJ;06pOBOnHO npenamrre ce na ,[(apHii TPaKHiiCKH nneueaa, HHTO cpen OHe3H, KOHTO ca 6HnH noxopena CJIe,IJ; B'bOp'b)l(eH omop. ECTeCTBeHO, C'bm;eCTBYBa no npHH[(HTI H B'b3MO)I(HOCTTasa ypexnaHe na ABycTPaHHHTe OTHOlIIeHIDI Me)l(,IJ;yI1epcHH H OAPHCKaTa ,lJ.'hp)l(aBa'Ipe3 CKJIlO'IBaHeTO na ",IJ;HHaCTH'IeH6paK Me)l(,IJ;ynpe,IJ;CTaBHTen na OAPHCKIDI ,IJ;HHaCTH'IeH,IJ;OM uepcaiisa OT BHCOKOnOTeKJIO'<4o.Ho C
39 Haa-nocnenosarenao Ta311 I1AeH e paspafiorena OT H8. BeneOu/C08, TpaKI1HcKaTa TOnOHI1MI1H , 40. B nO-HOBaTa rurreparypa ... BlK. All. C/JOll, TIonl1TI1Ka 11xynrypa B npesna TpaKI1H., C., 1990,96: "HaH-KDcHo npes 513 r. np.a.e. )J,apl1H I npeaanasa npes lOrol13TotIHa TpaKI1H, cpeuia OApI1CI1Te, O He H 11THXHaTa CbnpOTI1Ba..." 40 M. Taxeaa, Tepee ..., 156. BlK. 11 c. 157: "KpaH p. Aprecsoc 6Hnll ocurypenn rrpnarencxare OTHOllleHIIH spes AI1HaCTIIQeH6paK - HaH-BepOHTHO na Tepee CbC 3HaTHa nepCI1HKa ( ... ) Haxpas ce nOHBHnI1eCTeCTBeHO neuara OT H T0311 6paK B OAPHCKHHAHHaCTI1QeHAOM, QI1I1TOI1MeHa aanasann cnoaeua sa nepCHHCKaTa nptexa", CpB. ct.nio M. Taueez, HaArpo6HHTe MOfHnH npa )J,YBaHnl1 B DnOBAI1BCKO - POAOB nexponon na OApHcKaTa AHHaCTHHaa Tepee

26

aKO nO)J;06Ha "CIITYaI(IDI"41 H306ru:0 ce e C'bCTOID.laB ornonremerra Me)l{)zy ,IJ;BeTe)].1>P:>I<aBH, T5I 6H TP5I6BaTIO na 6'h)J;e csoomeaa OT TO XepO)J;OT. JIHTICaTa if B nerosara "I1CTOPIDI" 6H Morno na ce 0651CHH e,IJ;HHCTBeHOC ¢aKTa, qe eBeHTYaTIeH nO)J;06eH ,IJ;HHaC~eH 6paK e npe)JXO)l(,IJ;aTICKHTCKaTa onepauaa na )J;apIill H B TaK'hB CJlyqail: TOil: 6H 6HJl CHHxpOHeH C'hCC'b6HTID1Ta, KOHTO, csmacno nanpaaeaaa norope aHaTIH3, ca ype,IJ;HJIH"CTaTYTa" na 06JlaCTTa Me)l{)zy bH3aHTHOH H CaTIMH,IJ;ec.B'hB BceKH CJlyqail:, TeKCT'hT na XepO)J;OT, TaK'hB, KaK'hBTO e )J;OCTHrHaTI)J;OHac, He csm-pzca HHIl{0, KOeTO 6H Morno na nane OCHOBaHHe na ce TB'hP)J;H 6HJlO n06e)J;a42, 6HJlO nOpa)l(eHHe(?)43 na )J;apIill cpenry onpacare. Heuto nonese - no speae aa noxona cpemy CKHTHTe, BeJIHKllilT nap HaH-Bep05ITHO H306ru:0 He e HMaTI ,,,n;oTIHpHH TOqKH" C repnropaara na O,D;pHCKaTa )].1>p)l(aBaOT Kpa51 na VI

(V-IV

B.). - B: ObpBM MelKAYHapOAeH CHMn03HYM "CeBTOnOJIHc".

.Hanrpoo-

HMTe MOmJlH B IOroH3TO'IHa spas na V AO cpenara utecrnynauroro OT H3TO'leH

Espona".

OAPHCKHAHHaCTH'IeH 6paK ce TBbPAH H3BopoBHTe AaHHH sa enoxara npOH3XOA" ofiase

B. Tt.pnoso, 1994, 145-148. IlepcaiicxoH OT em. Tonanoe, OAPHCKOTOuapcrso OT

132-133. B nporuaopexae
C e TBbpAeHHeTo aa Tonanon, 'Ie "npH csenna OT lKeHHTe na Tepee Ie 6MJla C.

aa IV B.np.H.e. C., 1994,

MHorolKeHcTBO ( ... ) seposrao (OaK TaM,

132-133).

MHorolKeHcTBoTO

3aCBHAeTeJlCTBaHOH3PH'IHO sa CKHTCKHTe,HO He M sa TPaKHi1:cKHTeBJlaAeTeJlMOT V B.np.Xp.

Heuro

noaexe,

MHorolKeHcTBOTO KaTO npaxrnxa

e TBbPAliHO OT

XepOAOT cauo aa "Te3H, KOHTOIKHBeliT HaA KpeCTOHMTe" H KOHTOce OTJlH'IaBaT no CBOHTe06H'IaH OT OCTaHaJJMTe TPaKH (Hdt.
41

V, 3-5).
TonOHHMHlI ... , 40: " )J,apHH e H

M. Taseea, Tepee ... , 156.

He. BeHeOUlC08, Tpaxaiicxara

42 CpB. nanp,
(/JOA,

MHHaJJH no nJlaHHHCKaTa AOJlHHa aa Apna, KbAeTO nOA'IHHHJI OAPHcHTe" H AA. OOJlMTH'IeCKa HCTOpHlI... , 116: "CJleA THHHTe )J,apHH e npeKbPlIIHJI OO-KbcHaTa cpOpMyJlHpoBKa na AA.
(/JOJl

CbnpOTHBaTa na OApHcHTe". BJlaCT HaA OApHCHTe". Taxa H oficraaosxa ... ,

(Ilvrsr

EHOC - Ka6HJle - XeM ... , 24) no T03H nOBOA rrtacn: "HaJJOIKHJICHMBOJlH'IHaTa CH

K.

HopoaHo8,

Erno-reorpadicxa

H nOJlHTH'IeCKa

377:

"CHMBOJlM'IHO nOKOpHJI flAPOTO aa OApHCKaTa nnexeana "KaTo He ycnan na npHJIOIKH aoenaara ... ", KaKTO H c. CH p.

repuropns" . 43 CpB. M. Taueea, Tepee ... , 156:

CHJla cpeuty OAPHCKHH snaneren

OApHcHTe H na npOHHKHe B 3eMHTe HM, uap )J,apHH BJlH3bJl C B ABycTPaHHH nperoaopu

157:

"KpaH

Aprecxoc

6HJlH ( ... ) pa3MeHeHM H L1apCKHnonapsun, KOHTOOna3HJlH oApHCKaTa na uap )J,apHH (neycnan Aa nOA'IHHH OAPHcHTe)".

He3aBHCHMOCTH npecriosa

27

s.np.Xp.",
spesre. Taxa

He3aBHCMMO K'b,ll;e TO'lHO e 6l1JIa ClIT)'HpaHa T5I rro TOBa

ce CTHra no H,!l;eHTH<pHQHpaHeTO na pexara Aprecx/ Ap45, K05lTO crropen Xeponor "Teqe rrpes 3eMHTe na onpncare". THCK e

IIp06neM'hT

paarnexnan

6e36pOll

rrsrn

B cneuaanaaapaaara

KHH)l(HHHa, sa na MO)l(e na ce osaxaa rr05IBaTa na HOBH H neoxaxBaHH H,!l;eH rrpH T'hpCeHeTo na OTrOBop46. IIpaBH

snexarnenae,

qe BCIfqKH noceranran

mcncnaanas
sa pexnara

T'hP-

C5IT H,!l;eHTH<pHQHpaHeTO na XH,!l;pOHHMa C enna TOqHO onpenenena pexa cnopen paarneaotanaa B., ace HaIIIHTe C'hBpeMeHHH npencraan paiioa. TOBa e npamranen Mpe)l(a B na B'hrrpoc. OT enna crpa-

na, CBe,ll;eHHeTO e C'h06:rn;eHO OK. OTHaC5I aa Kpa51 na

cpenara/sropara nonosmra

VI

B. rrp. Xp.,

T.e. CTaBa ,ll;)'Ma sa speHH 06naCT He e 6HH TOBa e rroKaK TOqHO ca KOHTO 06-

Me, xoraro

XH,ll;POHHMH5ITana mrrepecyaanrara nosaara.

na ,ll;OCTaT'hqHO nofipe

OT ,ll;pyra crpana,

Ba)l(HOTO!, HHe He 6HXMe MOfJIH na 6'h,ll;eM carypna, 6HnH B'h3rrpHeMaHH B ,ll;peBHOCTTa TpHTe pa3YBaT cxenera IIIHTe ,ll;HeIIIHH na pexnara KHTe, KOHTO HHe nnec Ha30BaBaMe

roneun

pexa, H

Mpe)l(a B paiiona.

CTaBa ,ll;)'Ma sa pe-

Apna, Mapana

npencrasa

OqeBH,!l;HO He ce OTHaC5IT 1: 1

Tynnaca. Hacnpaao TO-

44TIoA06HO e MHeHHeTO H na CT. TOnaIIOB, xoiiro HYMH3MaTHqeH rrsr nepcnre HCHO (? CpB.

CTHra AO Hero OCHOBHOno

Cm.

TOnaJl06, lJ,HT. Cbq.,

132:

"OT H3BOpHTe e

H3BeCTHO, qe OApHCHTe He ca Bfle3HaIIH B npeKH BoeHHH CTbflKHOBeHHH C no apeve na nOXOAHTe HM B Espona". 3a APYro MHeHHe CpB. aanp.

H6.

BeHeOUK06, TpaKHHCKaTa TonOHHMHH... ,

40:

"OT AaHHHTe y XepOAOT ce BH)!(Aa EMnopH0I1 TIHCTHpOC. TOM I:

6.M., )],.6.), qe )],apHH e MHHaII H no nnaHHHCKaTa AOflHHa na Apna,

KbAeTO nOAqHHHfl OAPHcHTe"; M.

Ilouapaocxu,

Tpaxo-rpi.uxn
46

TbproBCKH OTHOllleHHH. CenTeMBpH,

1995 (?), 28.

B)!(. nocnenuo

45 B)!(. TyK no-rope 3a npernen Berlin, Altthrakien. MaKap

6efl. 19.
no Bbnpoca CpB. H C Byioxnepe

ua nnreparypara

Chr. Danov,

1976, 121.
cnrypno,

Xp. Ilanoe,

,lJ,peBHa TpaKHH, B KOHTeKCTa

136:
( ... ) aa

"l1AeHTH<pHUHpaHeTo aa p. Aprecxoc H He aam.rmo CbBpeMeHHHTe

HflH C Eafiaecxa nepecn ouemcara,

OCTaBa BepOHTHO".

npoyseanaa

HeOqaKBaHO 3ByqH

qe ,,11:0XMYC e pexa

npasnononooen

H B H3CfleABaHHHTa CH sa MeCTOnOflO)!(eHHeTOna npesnara

ApTeCK ( ... ) ABTOPbT y6eAHTeflHO

aaaaasa,

qe aHTHqHaTa pexa e nneumara

Texe,

"BbnpeKH

qe CbBpeMeHHOTO M HMe eTHMOflOmqeCKH He .[(OKa3BaHeHHaTa CTPaHA)!(a ... ,

HAeHTHqHOCT"" - CpB.j(.Jlono6,

15.

28

na, KOeTO ,!l;peBHOCTTa e "BIDK.n;aJIa" H .n;eqlHHHPaJIa, H TOBa JIlflIH 51CHO OT MOHeTOCeqeHeTO enoxa. na Xa.n;pHaHOnOJIHC npe3 pHMCKaTa H5IKOH OT MOHeTHHTe pesepca na Ta3H TPaKHHCKa MOHe-

TapHHIJ;a npe.n;CTaB5IT TpH peqHH 60)J(eCTBa, OT KOHTO e Ha30BaHO e.n;HO-e.n;HHCTBeHO, H TO e TOH30C, a He Xe6poc, KaKTO 6HXMe 47 . .z:t:aJIH, OBa He osnasaaa, qe none sa enna xacr OT OqaKBaJIH T npesnara - Xe6poc ycnopenno TPa.n;HIJ;H5Inasaara r pexa e TOH3oc, a He Xe6poc, qe rnenano ute peOTKbM qe - He TOH30C ce BJIHBa B Xe6poc npa Xa.n;pHaHOnOJI, a 06paTHO K05lTO rexe

B TOH3oc? Tp5l6Ba .n;OpHna npnsnaev,

H3TOK, OT 3eMHTe npes KOHTO e MHHaJI ,lJ;apHH, pexara, CTBeHa OT fOJIeMH5I 3aBOH na p. TYH)J;)J(ana cesep, pa na TpHTe pexa (TYH)J;)J(a, MapHIJ;a H

na MOPCKH5I 6p5lf HaBbTpe B KOHTHHeHTa e enna-ennnnpes nonocfiona Ma-

Apna)

no ycrnero

pHIJ;a na tor. Te3H npHHIJ;HnHH YfOBOPKH 6H Tp5l6BaJIO na ce OTqHTaT npa onHTHTe sa H.D;eHTHqmIJ;HpaHe na ApTeCK. HanbJIHO

cnoncnax

cKenTHIJ;H3Ma na OHe3H asropa, p.

KOHTO He sapana

npaenar

HeHHaTa H.D;eHTH<pHKaIJ;H5I nnenmara C rronexe - cnopen ennoro

Apna",

JIHnCaTa na H3PlflIHO caenenae

B "HCTOPH51", qe ,lJ;apHH e npeMHHaJI Bb3MO)J(HO pasfiapaae OT CbM CKJIOHHa pexa ApTeCK e 6HJIa nocrnrnara Ta3H npaxana XMPOHHM

Xefipoc'". Hento

na Xepo.n;OTOBH5I TeKcT, na 06Bbp)J(a

47 11.

caxara

,lJ;apHH, HO He H npeMHHaTa50. cb06rn;eHH5I

Ilopamr OT Xeponor

C pexa, K05lTO no

Kipyxosa,

MOHeTOCeqeHeTO na rpanosere

B ,[{OJlHa MI13HlI H Namen

Tpaxas

II-III
Arda.

B. XaLlPl1aHOnOJI. C., - BILB

1987, 70-72.
des Flusses

48 3a ApTeCK KaTO Apna B)!(. V Velkov, Uber den antiken

16, 1963,79-85. 58. JIl1nCaTa

aa rasasa I1H<p0pMaL\l1l1 XepOLlOT y e sauurreaa in Thrace. OT H6.

49 T. CnupUOOH06, TIbTHlUa, He rtpexa pexara Op. cit.,

50

na HlIKOI1 HCTOPI1L\11 HaCTOliBaT, qe ,[{apl1H ace nax e npeMI1HaJI na Xe6poc. Ta311 TeHLleHL\HlI HaH-KaTerOpHqHO The Extent of Persian Occupation TpaKI1HCKaTa TOnOHI1Ml1l1... , 40 11nO-KbCHO OT N G. .

Beueoutcoe,

239; Idem, 1980, 53 ff.

L. Hammond, - Chiron, 10,

CpB. M. Taueea, Tepee ... ,

(/JOll, TIbTliT

156: "MOrblllI1Te

nepca He aTaKYBaJII1113aLlTa311 serene ETHo-

OLlpl1CKapexa, npem.pnara B)!(. All.

B rpanuua

aa 3aBOeBaHI1l1Ta CI1". 3a npyroro

Enoc -

Ka611JIe - XeM ... , ... ,

23:

"cnOMeHaBaHeTO aa cavara "nepCI1Te ( ... ) npeCeKJIH p.

Apna - Aprecx,
reorpadicxa

npesraaara

OT ,[{apl1eBaTa BOHcKa" 11 K. MopoaHo6,

H nOJII1Tl1qeCKa oocraaosxa

373:

Aprecx".

29

nanoro CM rrporescenne, MM rroae B OT,Il;eJIeH~aCT'bK, rexe B rroCOKa ceBep-lOr. B T03M CMMCbJICbM rrO-CKJIOHHana npaeua, lle BeJIMKlliIT nap e ,Il;OCTHrHaJI,Il;O,Il;H.p. T)'HWKa, KaKTO BrrpOlleM Belle e norrycnaro B CrreI.(MaJIM3MpaHaTaKHIf)l(HMHa51, MM rrsx ,Il;Opesnara JIMHIDI, 06pa3)'BaHa OT ,Il;HeIIIHHTe pexa T)'HWKa M Mapana B yaacrr.xa, B KOHTO re TeKaT B rrOCOKa OT cesep na ror, BbB sp'ssxa C peaJIHOTO "pa3lJHTaHe" na pasrnezotanara TyK XePO,Il;OTOBa HH<popMaI.(IDI, enna OT Bb3MO)I(HIfTe rrOCOKHna r'spceae e B rrpOCJIeMBaHe na .npeaanaca" MM na TpaHc<popMaI.(IDITa na TOBa CBe,Il;eHHe rrO-K"bCHMasropa. Taxa nonanaae npn TeKCTna Il.rnnrnii: y CTapM, KOHTO cJIe)J;Bacnen TBbp,Il;eHHeTO, lle HaCeJIeHMeTOna TpaKHH "ce 6pOM Me)l()J;y naii-cammre IIJIeMeHa B Espona" M OIIHcaHMeTO na IIJIeMeHaTa, )l(Jffiee~ rroxpaii pexnre CTPMMOH M HeCTOC:

Plin.• NH. IV. I 1.40-41: 40. (...) npe3 3eMJIma ua ogpuckomo nAeMe me-re pekama Xe6pocS2,

nokpau koarno >kuBeJlm ka-

51 Taxa oute W Tomaschek; Die alten Thraker I, 80; II, 2, 92, HO aTaKYBaHo OT F Kauapoe, Ilpoasxon 11npt,n pa3UBeT..., 737, 6eJI. 2. I1neHTllljmUl1paHeTo ua Aprecx C TYHn)!(a e nonxpeneao nO-KbCHO 11OT npyrn aBTOpl1, cpen KOI1TOD. Detschew, Op. cit., 29. 52 E. Littre nasa nO-KOpeKTeH npeson ua ITJII1Hl1eBOTO Odrysarum gens fundit Hebrum: Le pay des Odryses donne naissance a l'Hebre (CpB. Plinius. Histoire naturelle. T. I. Paris, 1883, p. 190: IV, XVIII. (XL), 1). 113me)!():(aITnI1HI1He enl1H OT OHe311 aHTl1'lH11aBTOpl1, KOI1TOHaCTOllBaT,lfe 113BOpl1Te p. Xe6poc ca B 3eMI1Tena na Onpl1CI1Te- B)!(. orne Solin, 10,5: "OT 3eMllTa aa Onpl1CI1Te113BI1pa pexara Xefrsp, KOllTO CI1rrpofiasa rn,T Me)!():(y npnaarare, nOJIOHfI1Te,TI1HI1Te,KOpnl1JIl1Te11npyra sapsapa" (npeson na )J,. )J,elfeB, CpB. I13BOPI1 sa crapara I1CTOPl1l1 11reorpadias na TpaKI1lI 11MaKenOHl1l1. c., 1949,391), KaKTO 11Amm. Marc., 27,4, 10: " ... pexa Xefrsp, KOllTO113BI1paOT CTpbMHI1Te nnaHI1HI1na Onpl1CI1Te" (npeson sa Xp. )J,aHoB 11E. Iepoa, CpB. I13BOPI1 sa TpaKI1lI 11MaKenOHl1l1..., 399). Te311naHHI1nocera He ca 611JI1113n0JI3ysaHI1npa Onl1TI1Tena 6bne JIOKaJII1311paHaneaennara repnropaa aa 1 n Onpl1CI1Te.Heino nosexe, aenosepaero B TlIX e 611JIO 3allBlIBaHO eKCnnl1UI1THO CpB. 113Bopl1 sa Tpaxas 11MaKenOHl1l1..., 393, 6eJI. 43, KaKTO 11417, 6eJI. 92 (B TeKCTa norpeumo 82). Ilonacrosmea, cnen KaTO HYMI13MaTl1lfHI1TeHa6moneHI1lI YCTaHOBI1Xa, lfe paHHI1Te Onpl1CKI1 uapcxn MOHeTI1 ca pasnpocrpaaemr maBHO no roPHOTO 11cpennoro resenae na Mapnua (em. TOnaJl06, Onpl1CKOTO UapCTBo..., l31), a pa3KOnKl1Te na ITI1CTl1poC B paaoaa na Iopna Mapaua pasxpaxa HlIKOI1 sepra aa CeJIl1ll{eTO, KOI1TO n03BOJ1llT TO na 6bne onpeneneno KaTO "O):(pI1CKa Ma):(eTeJICKa pe3l1neHUl111" (M Ilouapaocxu, EMnOpl10H ITI1CTI1poc. TOM I, 29), OTHOllleHl1eTOKbM Te311113BOPOBI1aHHI1 rue Tp1l6Ba na ce rrpovena. n

30

6UAemuS3, nupozepu, gpyzepu, keauuu (Caenici), XUnCaAmU, 6eHu, kopnuxu, 6omueu, egoHu. 41. B csuiarna ofisacrn ce HaMupam cuaxemurne, npuaumume, gOAoHzume, rnuaurne, Bexukokexaxernume (Coelaletae), paanoxcokeau nog XeMYc, u MaAOkeAaAemUme nog Poqonu'". Me>kgy max rneve peka Xe6poc, a nog Pogonume e zpagbm, kourno no-pane ce Hapu4aA nOHeponoA, nOCAe no UMemo Ha oCHoBameAJI cu - <DuAunonoA, ceaa nsk nopagu nOAO>keHuemo cu ce aapuxa TPUMOHl\UU. (npeBog no f. Ka4apoB U A Lle'leB,
cpB. v1JBopu 3a cmapama 1949,265,
HO C

ucmopus

U zeozpaq,ulI Ha

Tpoku»

U MakegoHUII.

c.,

npOMJIHa na kap6uAemu

B ka6uAemu).

TOBa csenenae na ITJIIIHIIH Crapa e cpen MaJIKOTOaHTIftlHII 1I3BOPII, nasama ITO-KOHKpeTHa IIH<popMaU;IDI sa TeplITopIDITa na 0,Il;pncnre. Ilpaeva ce, qe B Hero aBTOp'hT na "ECTeCTBeHa ncropaa" ITOCTaB5.IO,Il;plIClITe ITO Cpe,Il;HOTOII ,Il;OJIHOrexenae na Xetipoc"; HO, KaKTO ce BIDI<,I:(a CaMlI5.IITJIIIHlIeB TeKCT, TaKOBa yrosnenne OT JIIIITCBa. BITpOqeM, IIH<popMaU;IDITa na ITJIIIHIIH KaTO U;5.lJI0 ITOpa:>I<na OCHOBaTeJIHOnenosepae, sapana IT05.lBaTananpnaep na 60TlIelI II e,Il;OHIIITOKpaH pexara Xe6poc. TOBa 6e3 C'hMHeHlIe ce ,Il;'hJ1)KII a n <paKTa, xe ITJIIIHIIH e K'hCeH KOMITIIJIaTOp, KOHTO nmne sa Tpaxaa He ITO aBTOITCII5.I,a ITO nareparypa": IT05.lBaTa na C'h){(,Il;eHlIeTO sa ClUIaTa na TIJIeMeHaTa B TpaKIDl, KaKTO II 06CT05.lTeJICTBOTO,qe 0,Il;plIClITe ca ,Il;e<pIIHlIpaHlI xpea pexa, HaITOMH5.I a "TpaKlIHcKIDI JIOs roc" na XepO,Il;OT. Ha Ta31I fiasa ITO OTHOIIleHlIe na TpaKIDI MO){(e na ce TB'hp,Il;lI C rOJI5.lMa,Il;03a carypaocr, qe cpen 327-Te "qY)J(,Il;lI

53 B npesona na Kauapos 11 ,[(e'leB CTOI1 "Kap6I1JIeTI1", HO B TeKCTa na IlJII1HI1H ce xere Cabyletis (CpB. Plinius, Op. cit., 190), KoeTO 6e3 CbMHeHl1e I1ABa OT Cabyle, rpana aa rOJIeMI1H3aBOH na TYH)J)Ka. 54 3a KOHJIaJIeTI1TeB)I(. nOCJIeAHOCTaTI1HTana M. Taseea B: Jubilaeus IV C60pHI1K B naaer sa rrpodi. B. Beureanaen (non nesar), 55 CpB. nanp, Il. Ilenee, Xe6poc. - B: Kparxa eHul1KJIOneAI1HTpaKI1HCKa

npesnocr. C. 1993,301.
56 BbB BbBe)l(AalllaTa 'IaCT aa "ECTeCTBeHa I1CTOPI1H",IlrrI1HI1H csofiiuana I1MeHaTa Ha 113nOJI3YBaHI1TeOT Hero 3a Hanl1CBaHeTO H 146 PI1MCKI1 11 327 ,,'IY)I(JJ:11BTOpl1" - CpB. M. Grant, Greek and Latin Authors 800 B.c. - A.D. a 1000. New York, 1980, 345.

31

asropa", neaa TOqHO

H3nOJI3}'BaHH

OT IIJIHHHH na

npn

HanHCBaHeTO

na "ECTeCTH m.rrpoH OT IInH-

HCTOPH5I" e H "I1CTOPH51"

Xeponor,
ce nanara OT

sapana

nOCOqeHHTe aHaJIOrHH, ofiaxe, XH)l;POHHMH, C'h06rn;eHH

C'hT 3a pa3JImHHTe

Xeponor

HHH, KaTO HMe na peKaTa, TOBa ce ,ll;'hJI)IGf na peanna pHTOpH51 (H3MeCTBaHe, TeKCTa na enaa H

rexama npes
HCTOpmeCKa

3eWITa nposema

na O,ll;pHCHTe. .n:aJIH na onpncxara re-

pasnmpenae)

npes

BeKOBeTe, KOHTO OT,ll;eJUIT

Xeponor OT T03H na IIJIHHHH CTapH, HJIH CTaBa )zyMa 3a csma pexa, HO ,ll;e<pHHHpaHa no paamraea HaqHH B nsere pasrnezcnana TYK CBe,ll;eHH5I? CKJIOHHa C'hM na norrycna BTOPOTO, KOJIKOTO H HeOqaKBaHO, H nenoxasyeao na asrnexna T057. IIoHe nae ca
06CTOHTeJICTBaTa, Ha m.pso KOHTO MH nanar OCHOBaHHe aa TOBa. HaH-HOBHTe nafimonenna B'hPXy M5!CTO

me
na

nocona

paHHHTe naii-nexe

O,ll;PHCKH ~apCKH B paiiona

MOHeTH. H

T5!XHOTO

pasnpocrpanenne
xareropmno

Iopna

Cpenaa

MapH~a58

CBH,ll;eTeJICTBa, qe H3XO,ll;HaTa TepHTOpH5!

na O,ll;pHCHTe B HHKaK'hB

CJIyqaH He 6H Morna na 6'h,ll;e no .n:OJIHa Mapaua, KaKTO rpanannOHHO ce npHeMa59. TOBa OT CB05! cTpaHa noxrara na H3JI5!3aT OT aHOHHMHOCT H rta 6'h,ll;aT 06B'hp3aHH eTHHqeCKH C no-rOJI5!Ma CH60 60raTHTe rYPHOCT TpaKHHCKH paHHH HeKpOnOJIH, 3aCBH,ll;eTeJICTBYBaHH

sacera

nOqTH e,ll;HHCTBeHo na TepHTOpH51Ta Me)l(,lJ;Y CTp5!Ma

57 3a eMOl\110HaIIHa peaxuaa

cpeuiy

I1neHTl1(jll1Kal\l1l1Ta na Xl1npOHI1Ma

Apnecx y Xe3110n (Theog. 345) C nOJIHOTOreseaae aa Xe6poc B)!(. M. Zahrnt, Op. cit., 94, n. 13. 58 Cm. Tonanoe, lJ,11T.Cb'l., l31. 59 CpB. nanp. Xp. j(aH06, ,l1,peBHa Tpaxas, 136-137 C JII1T. 60 HaH-BepOliTHO M. Taueea (TpaKI1HCKl1l1T BJIaneTeJI Cnapanox ... , 66-68)
me ce oxaxe npaaa B CBoeTO npennonoxenae, aanpaseao MHOro npenn na 6bnaT ny6JII1KYBaHI1 Te311HYMI13MaTI1'1HI1 naHHI1, 'Ie HeKponOJIbT npn ,l1,YBaHJII1H npI1Ha)I)Ie)!(11 ua Onpl1CKl1l1 l\apCKI1 nOM, a He aa 6eCI1Te, KaKTO npneaar npyrn 113CJIenOBaTeJII1 (116. BeHeOUK06, TaHHaTa aa TPaKI1HCKI1TeMOfI1JII1.C., 1968,44; All. (/JOll, ITOJII1Tl1'1eCKaI1CTOPl1l1 , 74; CbUfU.Rm, Tpaxas 11 OaIIKaHI1Te npes ... paHHOeJII1HI1CTl1'1eCKaTa enoxa. C., 1975, 78). CaMl1l1T O. <l>I1JIOB, pXeOJIOfbT, a npoy-mn 11ny6JII1KyBaII T0311HeKponOJI, He ro 06Bbp3Ba C HI1TOenno KOHKpeTHO TPaKI1HCKO nneue - CpB. E. (/JUl106, Hanrp06HI1Te MOfl1JI11npn ,l1,YBaHJII1HB ITJIOBnI1BCKO. C., 1934. 3a I1CTOpl1'1eCKaTa mrrepnperauas na nepCI1HCKI1Te MaTepl1aIIl1 OT ,l1,YBaHJII1H,KaKTO 11aa TPe30pl1paHI1Te nse nepCI1HCKI1q)l1aIIl1 OT na. C. ,l1,aCKaIIATaHaCOBO, CTap03afOpcKO, B)!(. M. Taueea, Tepee ... , 157. BI1)!( 11

32

H Ca3JIHHKa61.

Ha Ta3H fiaaa

BCe no-y6e,Il;HTeJIHO

H3DIe)J()J;a TB'hPe HaMHpana

,Il;eHHeTO, qe nJIeMeHHaTa repnropna no Cpe,Il;HOT062 H ,Il;OpH ropno reaenae BTOPOTO MH OCHOBaHHe

na O,Il;pHCHTe ce tra Mapana,

na

na

,Il;OnYCHa H,!l;eHTIfqHOCT Me)l(,IJ;y pexaC'hOTBeTHO OT XepO,Il;OT H OT IIrrHO,Il;pHCHTe, e B CBe,Il;eHHe OT

re

ApTeCK

H Xe6poc,

cnOMeHaTH

HHH KaTO npeMHHaBa1QH Xe3HO,Il;OBaTa

npes

3eWITa

.Teoronaa"
(Theog.

3a ,,6ypHHTe 337-345)63.

pesna
IIpH

nOTOU:H", pO,Il;eHH OT T5IXHOTO H36po5IBaHe

Terana

H OKeaH

Xe3HO,Il; Ha30BaBa CTPHMOH,

OT TpaKHHcKHTe

peKH

e,!l;HHCTBeHO ilcTPoc ce,

,Il;OKaTO Xe6poc

JIHnCBa. IIo5lB5IBa

M'hT Ap,Il;eCK (B H51KOHKO,Il;eKCHAnnecx), BH5I

KOHTO,

ofiaae, XII,IlPOHHsaparnr Xep0,Il;OTOBH,!l;HM Xe6poc ,[VI'h)l(Ha e -

Aprecx,

6H MOr'hJI

na

ce

cs'spxe
pexa

(HO He e 3a,r:t:hJI)l(HTeJIHo!64) C

TpaKH5l.

B TaK'hB CJIyqaH B Hero no ,Il;'hJI)l(HHa TpaKHHCKa qe TYK

6HXMe MODIH

na

sropara

CJIe,Il; Hcrpoc.

C'hM

ofiaxe na rrpasnaa,
TeJIHO rOJI5IMa. il

creneara aa

XlInOTeTIfqHOCT

cpaana-

no-panna enoxa
JIIfqHH HMeHa Ha eJIHHHTe,

nee nax, He H3KJIIOqBaM B'h3MO)l(HOCTTa B enna Mapaua He cajro na e HMana none nae pase,Il;HO na MeCTHOTO TPaKHHCKO HaCeJIeHHe H ermo ,Il;H. p. KOJIOHH3HpaT YCTHeTO Ha

KOHTO OTHOCHTeJIHO paHO

pexara,

na e 6HJIa Ha30BaBaHa C pa3JIIfqHH HMeHa B pa3JIJIqHH if yqaCT'hU:H65, raxa KaKTO TOBa e 3aCBH,!l;eTeJICTBaHO aa nanes noHO H

M. J(OMapaocICU, TpaKl-IHcKI'I fiorarn norperienns. - TAB III, 1988, 86, KOHTO nonycxa, 'Ie HeKpOnOJlbT npn Epe30Bo npaaannexn na Onpl1CKI1npenCTaBI1TeJlI1 "C HaH-BI1COKOofimecmeao nonoxeaae". 61 CpB. M. J(OMapaocICU, U:I1T. Cb'l., 83-84 11 86. CbU{UJlm, EMnOpl10H Ilncrapoc. TOM I, 30-32 JlOKaJJI13l1paponosara Tepl1TOpHSI na Onpl1CI1Te "B npocrpaacrsoro Me)l(ny CTpSlMa 11 Ca3JlI1HKa", a "ueHTbpa na onpacxara nI1HaCTI1S1 nopesnero aa CTpSlMa". B 62 Taxa orne Mil. TOHeB, TIPI1HOCI1 , 180 C 6eJl. 1. Herosara JlOKaJJI13aUI1S1 ... e KPI1TI1KYBaHaOT Xp. J(aHoB, ,[(peBHa TpaKI1S1, 13411 rrsnro speae ce npaeua sa norpeuma - CpB. All. (/JOIl, TIoJll1tl1'1eCKa I1CTOPI1S1, 116-117. HanOCJle.QbK Cm. ... Tonanoe (U:I1T. Cb'l., 131) Bb3PO.Q11 Ta311 l1.QeSl, aTO SInonxpena CbC CBOI1Te113K KJlIO'II1TeJlHOBa)l(HI1 Hyi,1l13MaTI1'1HI1 a6JlIO.QeHI1S1. H 63 BI1)1(TyK no-rope 6en. 19, KaKTO 116eJl. 57. 641136poeHI1Te OT Xe3110.QpeKI1 oxepraaar USlJlOTO rorasaurao OHKYMeHe. 65 TIO.Q06HI1Bb3MO)l(HOCTI1,HO B npyr KOHTeKCT11C npyrn pellIeHI1S1, aese ca nonycaaru OT All. (/JOIl, TIbTSITEHOC-Ka6I1Jle-XeM ... , 17-18, KaKTO 11fien. 14 aa
33

rrsnrara,

BHpHO!,

pexa

I1cTpoc/LJ;aHy6Myc66.

I1p06JIeMbT,

KOMTO

TYK OCTaBa, e sapana

JIMnCaTa na M3PM':lHO YKa3aHMe OT CTPaHa na raxa KaKKOMnMJIa-

I1JIMHMM aa eBeHTyaJIHa npOMHHa B MMeTO na p. Xe6poc, TO e CTOPMJIno OTHOIIIeHMe na <PMJIMnOnOJIMC.

Bunpexa

BCMqKMTe HeTOqHOCTM B TeKCTa na KbCHM Xe6poc.

TOp, ace nax e Heo6xo,Il;MMO na ce orsere TMTe" cpen )l(MBee:rn;MTe noxpaii MOrbJI na BM3Mpa TYH,I1;)l(a.

M nOHBaTa na "Ka6MJIeTOBa nO,Il;CKa3Ba, qe, no-

,Il;06HO na XepO,Il;OTOBM ApTeCK, I1JIMHMeBMT XM,Il;POHMMcsmo 6M

Mnoro

BepOHTHa

aarnexna

orne erma caryauas, M ,Il;H. p. Ap,Il;a67.

KOHTO OTqMI1pMeMaM no

Ta YCTaHOBeHaTa

C nOMo:rn;Ta Ha JIMTepaTypHM

M TOnOHMMMqHM BeJIKOB, HO csnro

,Il;aHHM M,Il;eHTIfqHOCT na ApTeCK raxa CbM yfienena,

npMH:U;Mn Ha6JIIO,Il;eHMHTa M TBbp,Il;eHMeTO na qe re "He pa60THT" na sa 3MpaHMH TYK pasxas crpyxrypoonpenenanra Ban ApTeCK oxepraaamoro

B.

no OTHOIIIeHMe na aHaJIMBCb:rn;HOCT, OT TpMTe paMOH pexn, na navepn Xep0,Il;OTO-

Xanaxapaacena,

pasrnexnanas

He 6M Moma

na 6b,Il;e e,Il;MHCTBeHO ,Il;H. 6M Momo

Apna. Taxa
paspeme-

ce nportraopenae

HMe aKO ce ,Il;OnYCHe, qe e HaJIM:u;e"npeXBbpJIHHe" na peKa BbPXY npyra. MHoro ofiparno; OT BbnpOCMTeJIHM - aa nOCOKaTa (OT

na MMeTO na enKbM

I1pM Ta3M peKOHCTPYK:U;M OCTaBaT sacera

Apna

Mapnua

KbM TYH,Il;)l(a MJIM ofiparno;

OT

Mapmta Apna

MJIM npes

Mapnua

KbM TYH,Il;)l(a MJIMofiparno),

sa BpeMeTO (npemr nerona xopnra

XepO,Il;OT,

caMMHT XepO,Il;OT MJIM CJIe,Il;Hero), "npeXBbpJIHHe". Bb3MO)l(HOCT sapann qMMTO BO,Il;MB xpaiiaa
C. 30.

KaKTO M sa MeXaHM3Ma na TOBa nOTeH:QMaJIHa na TPMTe pexa,

Cb:rn;eCTBeHOTO e cauara nOqTM ycnopenmrre

CMeTKa ,Il;OCTMraT 3ae,Il;HO,Il;OMopeTO.

npasn 11

Kopesrna
e craporo

yrosopxa

K.

HopoaHoB,

Erao-reorparpcxa
rcsxa,

11

1l0n11TI1l.jeCKa 06cTaHoBKa ... , 373:

"OT e3I1KOBe)l,CKa rnenaa

Bep05lTHO npenn I1nl1

Aprecx
oxono

I1Me na Apna, HO csaceu

He e HCHO)l,MI1 pexara

xpas aa VI s.np.n.e. e 6l1na aapnsana rasa." 66 3a I1CTpoc/)J.aHy6I1Yc B)I(. K. HopoaHOB, -

TpaKl1i1cKoTO xyrrrypno-

I1CTOpl1l.jeCKOnacnencrao. npotp.
67

B: rCY 77, 2, 1984 (= I13cne)l,BaHI151B xecr aa Xp. )J.aHoB). C., 1985, 198. V Velkov, Uber den antiken Namen ... , 79-85. KbM Ta311l1)l,eHTI1<!>I1KaI.\I1H
ce rtpnrrspxa 11N

aa p. Aprecx Occupation

G. L. Hammond,

The Extent

of the Persian

... , 53 ff.; Idem, Persia in Europe ... , 234 ff.

34

B rscna xara

spssxa C If,lJ;eHTIftPlUJ,IfpaHeTO aa csotimenara

OT Xe-

PO,!l;OTpexa ApTeCK CTOIf If m.npocsr BOHCKa rrpIf He5I "rOJIeMIf ornrra xynmna rrp06JIeM,

sa

narpyrramrre KaM'hHIf"

OT rrepcniicOTrOBOp, m.n-

(Hdt. IV,92, 1)pasxpaMO)l(e na If uerosa-

KOHTO nee ome He e HaMepIfJI

ennosnasen
OT

peKIf MHoro6pOHHIfTe ce oxaace <paKT'hT, qe

sa

HerOBOTO If35ICAABaHe. 3a

nane B'hTPeIllHaTa JIOrIfKa na TOBa cnenenae

srraaenae

passaasr

aa ,!l;eHCTBIf5ITana AapIfH

'ra apMlf5I npn p. ApTeCK OCTaB5I srrexarnenae 6e nosepnana OT

sa IfH<popMaIJ,lf5I, naCJIyqaH, aKO T5I If H5I-

nena na XepO,!l;OT OT MeCTHIf )l(IfTeJIIf. B nporasea KaKBO 065ICHeHIfe nasauto If3BOpIf69.

68

nepcaacxn If3TOQHIflJ,If68, 6If 6IfJIO namnte sa pasnopexnanerc na BeJIIfKIfH uap.

OT AaplfH: coficrneno

CTaBa ,!l;YMa sa ,!l;eHCTBIfe, paanopeneno sacera napanen cpen If3BeCTHIfTe B omrnrre

I,

HO uenosnepcaiicxn

na 6'h,!l;e 065ICHeHO TOBa ,!l;eHCTBIfe, If3CJIe,!l;OH3TO'lHHL{11 Xep0)l,OT CpB. M. Taueea, OT

3a H3n0J13BaHeTO aa nepcancxn

Tepee ..., 156 C JlHT.

He CbM CKJlOHHaotiase na npneva 6.M., )],.6.)

B TaKbB (nepCI1HCKI1 H3TO'lHI1K -

TO'lHHTe )l,aHHH sa: )l,BY)l,HeBHHTenpexonn 113BOPH no Xep0)l,OT AnOJlOHHlI".

rtrspnenaero, 'Ie "caMO aaropsr e MO)[(eJl na HaMepH OT Ilepmrr no p. Arpaanec (? - 6. M., aarnexna
npermonceseaaero, 'Ie

)],.E.), KaKTO 11I1MeHaTa aa BCI1'1KI1peKI1'1KH no H3BopHTe na p. Teap H OT Te311

Ilo-seposruo

MH

e I1MaJI JlH'IHH HenOCpe)l,CTBeHH Ha6J1IO)l,eHHlI OT rrsrs, cm-psaaut

AnOJlOHHlI rtpes H3BOpl1Te na p. Teap C Xepaiion npa

Ilepnar -

CpB. B. Be1lKo6, e ofiaxe

Il'srmnara

no 3ana)l,HoTO LIepHoMopl1e ... ,

28

C JlI1T. nO'lTH

carypno

H3n0Jl3YBaHeTO aa nepcaacxn npes TpaKHlI.

H3TO'lHI1L{11 rrpa oxepraaanero

na rrsrs ua )],apHH

Haa-seposrso

HMeHHO TaM Xep0)l,OT e HaMepl1fl 0603Ha'leHHlITa na LIHHrH3XaH ca HaTPynaHH OrpOMHI1 xynaura no e)l,I1HKaMbK aa TOBa MlICTO TOBa e ennn OT MaJIKOTO onncana OT Xe-

na MaplIlpYTa rrspso no XH)l,POHHMI1,a nocne no eTHOHI1MH.

69 l,bBeCTHO e, 'Ie npn rpofia

KaMbHH OT nOCeTHTeJlI1Te,BceKH OT KOHTOxs'spns "B 3HaK na

yaaxenne

KbM HMnepaTopa H HerOBHlI nyx".

CJlY'laH, KOI1TO 6eJle)[(aT H3BeCTeH napanen OT MeCTHOTO naceneane, L{1IJ10CTHaTa caryauas "fll1nCBallla cfinazcar MI1 06bpHa noxon HI1 JlHlIIaBa

CbC caryaunsra,

PO)l,OT. 06CTOllTeJlCTBOTO, 'Ie HCTOPHKbT e nOJly'lHJI Te311)l,aHHI1 naii-aepoarno OT Bb3MO)[(HOCTTa na Bb3CTaHOBHM OKOJlO aanosenra aa BeJlI1KHlI uap, B paMKHTe na Ta3H <paKTH, KOI1TO na B Ha npyro eBeHTYaJIHO 0611CHeHHe

HH<popMaL{l1l1" e Bb3MO)[(HO na CbllleCTBYBaT BHHMaHl1e xonerara

ouie nosese nsara Onl1CaHH cnysas.

T.

Cnl1pHAoHOB. CTaBa )l,YMa aa onacanna

KaBKa3KHlI <pOJlKJIOPHa'lHH 3a OT'IHTaHe Ha '10BelIlKHTe 3ary611 npl1 BoeHeH aa nerennapea KaBKa3CKH repoii.

Ilpa

TPbrBaHeTO

BceKH BOHHHK TOBa MlICTO.

XBbPflHJI no enan KaMbK B CneL{l1aJIHO onpenerreuo CH OT noxona

MlICTO, a npa apt.ruanero

BceKH BOHHHK CI1 B3eJl no e)l,I1H KaMbK OT ct.uioro

35

BaTenHTe ce Kone6aHT Me~y crporo YTHnHTapHOTO3HaqeHHe (pa3qHCTBaHe na repena OT KaM'bHH,KOHTO3aTpY,Il;HHBanH rrpexmHaBaHeTO na nepcnre) 70 H T'bpCeHeTO na nofierma CHMBOnHKa, BKmOqHTenHO",Il;eMOHCrpal(HHna nepcnacxara MOIl(, CHnOMHMO)l(eHa nan MeCTHHTe)l(HTenH"71. Hanocnerrsx H. Teonocaes ofn.pna BHHMaHHena <paKTa,xe Xep0,Il;OTe ynorpetinn ,Il;YMaTa kolonos, qHHTO eraxronoraa e cm.paaaa C "rrnaHHHa" H HMa snasenae He caao na "Bp'bX, X'bnM", HO H na "MOrHna". Ilopann Ta3H rrpmaaa, cnopen Hero, )J;apHH I BC'bIl(HOCT pasnopenan narpyrrsanero na e MorHnH C uen na "KocMonorH3Hpa npocrpancraoro", KoeTO 6Hno CeMaHTHqHOpaBH03HaqHO na CBeIl(eH 6paK na naps C Bennxara 6orHHH-MaHKa. Taxa H3,Il;HraHeTona ronexra .aipasna" MOrHnH rro npeue na BoeHHH onepauna 03HaQaBMO CHMBOnHQeH 6paK C HOB03aBna,Il;eHHTe 3eMH72. Jlnncara na KaKBaTOH na e HH,Il;HKal(HH "MCTOpHH" sa soenB HH ,Il;eHCTBHH )J;apHH rrpe,Il;Hcpemara C rerare H3KmOQBa,cnona pen MeH, nofiennara CHMBonHKana HarpyrraHHTe OT nepcmicxara BOHcKarrpH p. Aprecx ronexra xymnna/aoranu OTKaM'bHH.BC'bIl(HOCT,npa pemasanero na npofineua OT 3HaQeHHeme ce oxaxe Ha6mo,Il;eHHeTO,Qe C"bmaCHO B'bTpellIHOTeKcToBaTanornxa na XePO,Il;OTOBHH pasxaa xynmuara KaM'bHH 6ene)l(aT rpammara na repHTOpHH,xoaro e 6Hna aese YCBoeHa non HHKaKBa<popMaOT IlepKaMbHHTe, OCTaHaJIHaa MHCTOTO, a He caao 6pOHT na 3arHHaJIH no apeve na c noxona, HO na npaxrnxa H enna CHMBOJlHqHa,,6paTCKa MOrHJla". l1MeHHo Ta3H caryauas KaTO qe JlH rto-nofipe 6H ce BnHCaJIa B OHOBa, KoeTO HH e pa3Ka3aJI Xeponor sa )l.BH)KeHHeTO )l,apHH )1.0p. Aprecx H cnen HeH,TbH KaTOTa3H pexa na ce OqepTaBa KaTO rpaHHqHa H OT HeH HaceTHe 3anOqBa TepHTopHHTa, Kb,[(eTO BOHCKaTa na )l,apHH e MO)KeJlOna nane )KepTBH. 11 TyK ofiaue onapave ,[(0 "JlHnCBalllaTa HH<popMal.\HH", KOHTO MeCTHOTO naceneune He e 6HJlO B CbCTOHHHena nane aa XepO)l.OT, TbH KaTO ce HBHBacTPaHHqeH nafirnonaren na cTopeHOTO OT nepCHHCKHHl.\ap H HerOBaTa BoHcKa. CaMOTO npe6pOHBaHe Ha MHor06pOHHa nepCHHCKa apMHH H3me)K)l.a e CTaBaJIOno npyr HaqHH, aKOCb,[(HM no pasxaaa na XepO)l.OT aa npe6pOHBaHeTO aa KcepKCOBaTa BOHCKanpn noxona cpeniy Enana npes 480 r. (VII, 60, 2-3). ' 70 l. Venedikov, La campagne de Darius ... , 30. 71CpB. nanp. AA. C/>OA, TIoJlHTHqeCKa HCTOpHH , 116. ... 72 N. Theodossiev, The Sacred Mountain of the Ancient Thracians. Thracia II (= Studia in honorem A. FoI). S. 1995,377 C 6eJl. 61 H c. 382.

36

CIDI npenn

CHH'hT na XHCTaCn na sanoxae

noxona

cpenty

CKHTHTe MHOrO-

H OTK'h):(eTO nacerae

OTHOllIeHH5ITa Me)l():(Y nacr'srmamara

XHJl5l):(Ha apMIDI H MeCTHHTe CH:HCKOTO npH):(BH)l(BaHe BKJlIOqBa npOCTpaHCTBOTO

nneaena na cesep.

ce H351CH5IBaT xona na nepB Ta3H "YCBOeHa" na TepHTOpH5I ):(0 IOr/IOrOH3TOK

OT DH3aHTHOH

CaJlMH):(eC (HO 6e3 CaMIDI CaJlMH):(eC!) na

cesep

H):(O p. ApTeKC na HIOaHCHTe B YCTHeTO na

sanan/ceseposanan.

,D;onYCTHMO e raxa

OqepTaJlH5.!T ce rpm-rt.nsapana

HHK na 6'h):(e norrsrmen

):(0 qeTHpH'hr'hJlHHK,

XepO):(OTOBOTO CBe):(eHHe sa KpenOCTTa ,D;OPHCK npa

Xefipoc".
DH):(eMKH B rpamnurre nepCuHCKH5IT nap rrspacar na Ta3H "YCBoeHa TepHTOpH5.!", B'h3MO)l(OTHOllieHIDITa CH C "TPaKHTe, KOHTO TeHO no BpeMe na TpH):(HeBHIDI npeCTOM rrpn H3BopHTe na p. Teap74, e ypennn

Cammnec",

KaKTO H C'hC CKHpMHa):(HTe, H C mmceare.

3H TPH nnesreaa rrparenaun 3eM51 H nona"). PYK~H5.!, cnopen

ca My "ce npenana

6e3 60M" HaM-Bep05.!THO Qpe3 H npyra peKOHCT-

(TexHH npH ,D;apHM, HJlH HerOBH npH T5.!XC HCKaHe ,,3a XepO):(OTOBH5.!T TeKCT nonycxa OT K05.!TOOTHOllieHIDITa Me)l():(Y nepCHMCKaTa BOMCKa

H MeCTHOTO nacenenne 'ra ApTeCK

Camranec

na ceBep ):(OK'hM HaM-H3TOQcnen ):(OCTHraHeTO na pexaxynmna KaM'hHH".

HHTe CKJlOHOBe na XeMYC ca ypenenn H HaTpynBaHeTo

TaM na "rOJleMHTe

11360p'hT na enna OT Te3H nse B'h3MO)l(HOCTH me 3aBHCH B xpaiiaa CMeTKa OT H):(eHTH¢HKa~H5.!Ta na nsere paaxas - Teap H ApTeCK. BC.HqKH nOJlO)l(eHH5I "rOJleMHTe xynmna 30Ha Me)l():(Y TepHTopHH npe):(npHeT KaM'hHH" pexa cnope):( XepO):(OTOBH5I

Ilpu

fierrexar
CKHTHTe.

rpanasaara

C rrsa pa3Jl.HqHH CTaTYTa K'hM

MOMeHTa na noxona,

OT BeJlHKIDI ~ap cpemy

,D;o T5.!XHOTOnarpynaane cerne

npHKJlIOQBa e)UfH eTan OT

npanaaxsane3e-

TO na nepCHMCKaTa BOMCKa npes MH, K'h):(eTO He cpenta THOTO nacenenae

TpaKHMCKHTe 3eMH, a OTTaM Ha,D;apHM ce ):(BH)l(H npes He rH HaM-Be-

3anOQBa HOB. B n'hpBH5I cnyaail

H3HeHa):(H H C'hnpOTHBa, a H peanno

OQaKBa, T'hM KaTO, no BC.HqKOH3rne)l():(a, OTHOllieHIDITa Me)l():(y xrecH fIepCH5.! ca 6HJlH BeQe "yperYJlHpaHH"

73 B)!(. T)'K no-rope fierr. 37. 74 All. r/JOIl, Ilvrar EHOC - Ka611J1e - XeM ... , 23; K. MopiJa1l06, reorparpcxa H nOllHTHQeCKa o6CTaHoBKa ... , 377.

ETHO-

37

POHTHO ~pe3 rrOCTaBHHeTO My non neiina

BJIaCT B HHKaK'hB rro-pa-

HeH MOMeHT OT BOeHHO-rrOJIHTH~eCKHTe Ha~HHaHHH na MOr'hm;aTa

m.pxasa.

B'hB BTOpHH - CTaTYKBOTO aa Te3H OTHOrneHHH rerrspsa

e m;HJIO)];a ce YCTaHOBHBa, C'hrr'hTCTBaHO, 6e3 C'hMHeHHe, C H3HeHa)1;HH OrraCHOCTH sa aoiicxara.

TYK

ormpasre

)];0 rOJIeMHH crrop sananen,

sa HaJIH~HeTO HJIH He na TPam.pzcasa".

KHHCKa carpanns BH)1;HOe, ~e raxa 'rspnn nposrena

B CHCTeMaTa na nepcaiicxara

Oxe-

m.npocsr

OCTaBH MHCTO sa He)];Opa3YB TPaKHHCKHTe 3eMH na OKOJIOTpH-~eTHC'hm;eCTBYBaHem-pzcaaa

>

MeHHH, T'hH KaTO rrpHC'hCTBHeTO na I1epcHH H pa3BHTHe B npom.nacenae pH )];eCeTHJIeTHH.

Ille

pese,

He06xo)];HMO e na ce YTO~HH BpeMeTO,

KoeTO ce BH3Hpa, xoraro

ce TB'hP)];H HJIH ocnopsa

TO aa TpaKHHCKa caTParrHH B paMKHTe na nepcmicxara PHH cpeuty CKHTHTe; B'hB apt.sxa

rrpe)];H, B KOHTeKCTa na, HJIH HerrOCpe)];CTBeHO CJIe)];noxona

na ~a-

C KaMrraHHHTa na Map)];OHHH

npes 492 r.; yrrpasnenaero na Kcepxc H HerOBHH rrOXO)];K'hM EJIana, Bnpo-rev, HMeHHO spevero na cr.ananane na Ta3H eBeHTYaJIHa carpanna snpanara e cpe)]; crropHHTe KHH)I(HHHa. 6H TPH6BaJIO na ce O~HTa H B'hB npt.sxa C BJIaCT B'hPXy mrrepecyaamara KaTO OT)];eJIHa anna eJIeMeHTH na )];HcKYcHHTa B CrreIWaJIH-

113BecTeH moanc

B'h3MO)l(HaTa <popMa na nepcaiicxa MHHHcTpaTHBHa nepcaiicsare yrrpaBJIeHCKH Morna paiiaa npaxa

HH TepHTOpHH - )];aJIH TH e 6HJIa opranasapana carparma,

e)1;HHHu;a C BCH~KHTe HHCTHTYIWH, npncsnta B Ta3H HaCOKa enaa

HJIH e 6HJIa a)];MHHHcTPHpaHa xpea npyr B'h3MO)l(HOCT 6H HJIH rrO-)1;'hJIrOTHe rr03BOna ~ace y6e)1;HOT

MeXaHH3'hM. rrO~HHeHOCT KaTerop~HOCT

)];a 6'h)];e eBeHTYaJIHO KpaTKOBpeMeHHaTa

na Te3H 3eMH na BJIaCTTa na BeJIHKHH rrpn OTrOBopHTe. sa npescoraaanero HaMBaM 3eMH noxasa,

uap. Jlnncara JIHBa sacera PHH

na )];OCTaT'h~HO KOHKpeTHH )];aHHH ofiaae

AHaJIH3'hT na XepO)];OTOBHH paaxas

I npes

H3To~HoTpaKHHCKHTe

TeJIHO, ~e rrOXO)];'hT na napa cpenry BoeHHO-rrOJIHT~eCKO

CKHTHTe e 6HJI npemnecrsaa

Ha~HHaHHe, B pe3YJITaT na KoeTO TaM e 6HCpB.

75 3a IlHCKYCHHTa aanocnerrsx

M. Zahrnt,

Tepee..., 157 C fien. 11; Cuuama,

CHMBOJlHKaTa na

B aHTH'IHOTO 6aJ1KaHCKO HaCJleIlCTBO. - DaJlKaHCKH

Cit., 92 ff.; M. Taueea, m.opsxenaero C nae KonHH npesaocra, 1, 1991,28-36. Op.

38

JIO KOHCTHT)'HpaHO CTaTYKBOTO, aasapeao BaT na nO)1,BJIaCTHHTe na ITepcIDI npa npH)J,BIDKBaHeTO na ceBep

H pa3IIIHpeHO

KaTO 06x-

OT CHHa na XHCTacn K'hM I1CTPOC76. B T03H KOHTeKCT, 6Hxa )1,OnpHHeCJIH O<popMHJIaTa OT raxa

TepHTopHH

KOHKpeTHHTe

a)1,MHHHCTPaTHBHH peaJIHOCTH

e)1,HHCTBeHO sa H3HCIDIBaHeTO na neraiinnre ce KapTHHa 3eMH B xpas na nepcajicxa na

KOHTPOJI B'hPXY H3TOqHOTPaIGiHCKHTe Xp. HaqHHaHHe sepo-

VI

B. np.

paMKHTe na C'hIUOTO BoeHHO-nOJIHTHqeCKO OTHOilieHIDITa aa AapHif

HTHO ca 6HJIH ypenena

C eJIHHCKHTe KOJIOO)1,e-

HHH no 3ana)1,HOnOHTHHcKOTO xpaiifipeaore COC H I1CTPHH HanpHMep. ITo BCHqKO

KaTO AnOJIOHHH,

aarnexna,

qe TOBa e BaJIH)J,ira O)1,pHCHTe. 3a

HO H sa OTHOIIIeHHHTa na ITepcIDI

C m.pscaaara

C'h)!{aJIeHHe, JIHTICaTa aa He06xo)J,lfMHTe

)1,aHHHHH

nanrasa

OT B'h3-

MO)!{HOCTTa na H3n'hJIHHM C KOHKpeTHO C'h)1,'hp)!{aHHe <P0PMYJIHPOBxara "ype)1,eHH OTHOIIIeHHH", T.e. He e HCHO )1,aJIHCTaBa )1,YMa aa HHnpH saxaraae na CY-

KaKBH )1,OrOBOpeHOCTH (B3aHMHOnpHeMJIHBH sepemrrera

na )1,BeTe )1,OrOBapHIUH ce CTPaHH HJIH m,x

)1,OrOBOpe-

76

ITp06J1eMbT e 1l,0JlOBeH H <P0pMYJlHpaH sa rrspnn rrsr OT

B. B. Cmpyee,
OT H C KbM XeJleCnOHTa

,l(apHH

1..., 106-107,
cnact.x,

Kbll,eTO TOH TBbpIl,H, 'Ie "cTPaHHTe T.e. eaponeiicxoro KpaH6peIKHe Ollie npena 'Ie noxom.r

OTBbll, MopeTo" na rroxona aa

nepcenoncsas

Ilpononrana,
cpeury noxona na

ca 6HJlH 3aBOlOBaHH OT nepcare OTaHa.

na ,l(apHH

CKHTHTe OT ITpHl.JepHOMOpHeTo H caspasa TlIXHOTO saananaaane

Hneara 91,

na

CTpYBe,

,l(apHH OT

npHl.JepHOMOpcKHTe CKHTH e 6HJI npemuecrsaa Hal.JHHaHHe na

OT npyro

BoeHHO-nOJlHTHl.JeCKO

Ilepcas

B IOroH3Tol.JHa

TpaKHlI

e m.snpnera

All. C/JOIl,

ITOJlHTHl.JeCKa HCTOpHlI... , B. CTPYBe aanpauep rrpemnecrayna

KOHTO06al.Je lIHTHpa B.B.CTPYBe

HeKOpeKTHo: "B.

na Merafias aamexna, e 6HJla OCbmeCTBeHa OKOJlO 517-515 r.np.H.e." Ha lIHTHpaHoTo OT An. <POJIMlICTO (B.B.CmpY6e, 3TIOIl,hI no HCTOPHH Cenepnoro Ilpasepnoaopsa, KaBKa3a H Cpenneti A3HH. Jlenanrpan 1968, 103 CJI.) CTPYBe Ka3Ba neuto CbBceM pa3J1Hl.JHo: .Bcnen sa "caKaMH, xoropue sa MopeM", nOKopeHHhIMH B 517 r. 1l,0 H.3., HaKlllHPYCTeMCKHH cnHCOK 1l,0CTa y6ell,HTeJlHO nOKa3Ba, 'Ie onepauaara H 'Ie TlI, ,l(apHeBaTa rrepexacnaer "CKYll,pa", T.e. <ppaKHHlIeB H "HOHHHlIeB mHT HOClImHX", T.e. rpexos enponeiicxoro MaTepHKa. Te H Il,PYrHe 6hlJlH n06eIKIl,eHhI Mera6a30M, T.e. OKOJlO512 110). CpB. csuio B.B.Cmpy6e, XpOHOJlOrHlI VI sexa 1l,0 H.3. B rpyne Ieponora H nara noxona ,l(apHlI I na CKH<pOB Ilpasepnoxopss. - B: B.B.CmpY6e, 3TIOIl,hI no HCTOpHH... , 102. nOJlKOBOll,lIeM ,l(apHlI nocne noxona r. 1l,0 H.3." aa CKH<pOB Ilpa-repnoaopss,

(B.B.Cmpy6e,

QHT.Cbl.J.,

39

HOCTH nOA AHKTaT),

IUIH sa AHpeKTHO nanarane

na nepCH:HCKaTa H B'hPXy OAPHCH-

BJIaCT KaKTO B'hPXy eJIHHCKHTe KOJIOHHH, raxa Te77. Heuro nosese. H5IMa rapaHI.J;H5I, -re ,l],apHH

I e ype)J;IUI no

eAHH

H C'hlQH MOAeJI OTHOmeHH5ITa CH KaKTO C eJIHHCKHTe qepHOMopCKH 78 rpaAOBe , raxa H C OAPHCHTe.

***
BHHMaTeJIHH5IT qHTaTeJI CHrypHO

nese

e 3a6eJI5I3'hJI, qe AOTYK B

TeKCTa HHTO BeAH'h)K He ce n05lBH KOHKpeTHa AaTHpOBKa sa CKHTCKOTO HaqHHaHHe na ,l],apHH Ta mrreparypa

I. 113BecTHO

e, sre B CneIJ;HaJIH3HpaHaH

T5I ce KOJIe6ae Me)KAY

519

512

r. np. Xp.79,

xoe-

77 ITpl1 113HCHHBaHeaa xapaxrepa na Te311 OTHOllleHI1H OT CbmeCTBeHO aaa-reane e aafimoneuaero na M. Taueea (Tepee ..., 156-157), lie ,lJ,apl1M:He e " npl1BI1KaJI O,llPI1CKI1Mb)!(e BbB BOM:CKaTaCI1, HI1TO rrss e BKJllOlIl1J1O,llpI1CI1TeB arpeCI1BHI1H CI1 nnan, Bb3J10)!(eH na Merafias 11Map,llOHI1M:". Tm.pnenaero, lie rmncara na TPaKI1M:CKaCbnpOTI1Ba cpeuiy nepCI1M:CKaTaBOM:CKa ,,113me)!(,lla noCKOPOOpraHI1311paHa 11J111 paanopeneua OT O,llpI1CI1TeB 3eMI1Te 11MOT p. ApTeCK lIaK no reTCKI1Te 3eMI1 xpaii ,llOJlHOTOrexeuae aa p. ,lJ,YHaB - na ce nponycne uapcxara BOM:CKa!" e cavo enno OT Bb3MO)!(HI1TeTbJlKYBaHI1H aa pa3Ka3aHOTO OT Xeponor. 78 HHTepeCHO 611 611J10na ce BI1,llI1,nann B T0311 cnysaii OTHOllleHl1eTO na ITepCI1H KbM MI1J1eTCKI1Te lIepHOMOpCKI1 KOJlOHI1I1 nanpnaep He e 611J10 nOBJlI1HHO no HHKaKBa crenen OT CTaTYTa aa Ml1JIeT B paMKI1Te na ,lJ,apl1eBaTa zrspxaaa

npes npennocnenuoro necerunerne na VI s.np.Xp.

79 IToCJle,llHO 11HaM:-113l1epnaTeJlHOno T0311 rrsnpoc E.B.lfepHeHKO, CKI1<p0nepcancsas BOM:Ha. Kl1eB, 1984, 7-10, Kb,lleTO ca nOBTOpeHI1 nO-Ba)!(HI1Te 0606meHI1H, ny6J1I1KYBaHI1OT Cbml1H aBTOp nae rO,llI1HI1no-paso (CpB. CbU{URm, ITOXO,ll,lJ,apl1HB CKI1<pI1IO.- B: ,lJ,peBHOCTI1 CTenHeM:CKI1<pI1I1.Kl1eB, 1982,3-5). B 6bJlfapCKaTa I1CTOPI10rpa<pI1H AA. f/JOA, ITOJlI1Tl1l1eCKa I1CTOPI1H , 91-92 ... paarnexna 06CTOM:HOT0311 m-npoc 11crara rro 113BO,lla,lie ",llOKbM 515 r. np. H. e. HaM:-KbCHO rtoxoirsr cpeuiy CKI1TI1Te11 HaXJIYBaHeTo na Merafiaa ca 611J111 113BbpllleHI1". Be3 apryueara, HO 11 6e3 KOJle6aHI1e 116. BeHeOUK06, TpaKI1M:CKaTaTOnOHI1MI1H , 37 1140 narapa noxona na ,lJ,apl1M: ... cpeuiy CKI1THTeB 512 r.np.H.e., ,llOKaTO M. Taueea, Tepee ... , 155, fierr. 5, ct.ofiutasa, lie "nOCJle,llHaTa npennoxena nara aa noxona" e 513-512 r. UI1Tl1paM:KI1H. Castritius, Die Okkupation Thrakiens durch die Perser und der Sturz des athenischen Tyrannen Hippias. - Chiron, 2, 1972, HO cnen TOBa nsysparno (c.

40

TO ce ,n;'hJDKHna OCK'h,n;HHTeH3BOPOBH ,n;aHHH no np06JIeMa. KO H3BeCTeH cpaKT e, qe peanno MeHT ct.ofimasa JIHifcKml TO Tabula 3H fiasa )];pyr nnrre narara e,n;HHe,n;HHCTBeHoqnmaanea C'hXpaIDlBaHIDIT OT 15 T. CJI. Xp., na noxona'":

Mannoxy-

B KanHTOn03HaT xaHa ra-

MY3eM B PHM rp'hI.(KH nannnc

Capitolina."

oT6pOHBa 527 rO,I:(HHH OT MOMeHTa, xora-

TO )];apHM e H3rpa,n;HJI MOCTa npOTHB CKHTHTe (TC,

II, 20).82

)];)1(. Bancep

H3qHCJIHBa npevero

513-511

r.83, a E.B.qep-

HeHKO - 512 r. np. Xp.84 ,n;oKYMeHT, KOMTO c'h,I:('hp)l(a HHcpopMaI.(IDI sa HHTepecyBana CeJIeBK HH C'h6HTIDI, e K'hCHOBaBHJIOHCKOTO ,n;HHaCTIfqeCKO npopo-

qeCTBO OT apeuero ofiutana

I
na

(311-281

r. np. Xp.)85.

Cnopen
cs-

CnOJIyqJIHBaTa HHTepnpeTaI.(IDI sa BOMHaTa na )];apHM KOHTO TOM aarrosnan

K.

Ma3eTH,

npOpOqeCTBOTo

C )l(HTeJIHTe na crpanara ronaaa

Xana

(Espona),
156
H

cnen nerara

na CBoeTO yn-

157)

roaopn

ellHHCTBeHO aa World, Period,

513

r. OOCJIellHOTO H3BeCTHO MH anropn-

TeTHO H3IlaHHe, KblleTO e B3eTO OTHOlIIeHHe no T03H np06JIeM, e The Oxford History History na c. B of the Classical of the Archaic

1986. B TOBa H31laHHe G. Forrest, Greece: The 37 nOCTaBlI rroxona B 514 r. Ct.utara rOIlHHa e
na )J,apHM H B XPOHOJIOrH'IeCKaTa Ta6JIHlIa nse rOIlHHH nO-KbCHO oure aa TpaKHlI e nanrpano

nosropena

aa CKHTCKaTaescnenmnra KblleTO aaananaaanero

835,

512
80

r. OOllPo6Ha

06ocHoBKa aa rOIlHHaTa XpOHOJIOrHlI

OT CTPYBe, B)K. B.B.Cmpy6e,

514, rrpennoxena H saunrrena VI sexa ... , 101-102.

CKHTCKHlI noxon na HO ouie B.

Macro

H3CJIeilOBaTeJIH narupar

)J,apHM '1pe3

caenennero He cpeuiy

aa aannaca

OT beXHCTYHCKaTa cxana, TaM noxon OT 519 CKHTH, a cpeuty

B.

CTPYBe CpB.

y6e)..(HTeJIHOnoxasa, 'Ie ci.oouremorr npH'IepHOMOpCKHTe

r.np.Xp.

e 6HJI HaCO'leH caxn,

a3HaTCKHTe

B.B.Cmpy6e, )J,apHM 1..., 104-106 H E.B.l.fepHeHlco, CKH<!>o-nepcHllcKall BOMHa, 9-10. 81 JM.Balcer, The Date of Herodotus IV. I Darius' Scythian Expedition. Harward Stud. Classical Philo!., 1972, 76, 100-132. 82 CpB. E.B.l.fepHeHlco, CKH<!>o-nepcHllcKall BOMHa, 8. B nannnca ce roBOPH aa KHMepHMcKHlI Bocnop, KoeTO H3CJIeilOBaTeJIHTe onpenensr KaTO rpeurxa aa
KbCHHlI 1l0KYMeHT. 83JM.Balcer, nOXOIl aa )J,apHH Op. cit., 103 H 110. CaMHlIT Bancep (c. 116) nampa CKHTCKYIlI I B 519 r. Ta3H narnpoaxa e Bb3npHeTa H OT )J,)K. Kavepon the Great and His Scythian (Saka) Campaign, Bihistun

G.G.Cameron,
and Herodotus.

Darius

- Acta iranica, Leiden, 84 E.B.l.fepHeHKO, ~HT. Cb'l., 8. 85 OaK TaM, 9.

1975, 1,77-87.

41

He cnonensu ofiaxe enrycaasaa na Ma3eTH, cnopen KorOTO "MO)l(HO CqHTaTb OKO~aTeJIbHO YCTaHOBJIeHHbIMH, qTO cxmpo-rrepcancxaa BOHHa HMeJIa MeCTO B 515 rno H.3."87, aapann OqeBH,Il;HOTO HeC'bOTBeTCTBHe na Ta3H rO,Il;HHa C rO,Il;HHaTa, C'b06IIIeHa OT Tabula Capitolina - ,Il;OKYMeHT, 3aCJIY)I(aBaIII He rrO-MaJIKO nosepae. BC'bIIIHOCT, BHHMaTeJIHOTO nrnexnane B nsara maopa noxaasa, qe 're He CH nporanopesar, a B3aHMHO ce ,Il;OIl'bJIBaT,T'bH KaTO cr.rrspzcar ,Il;aHHHHe aa e,Il;HOH C'bIIIO C'b6HTHe, a sa nse rrOCJIe,Il;OBaTeJIHH HaqHHaHH5I na )J;apHH 1. CBe,Il;eHHeTO na K'bCHOBaBHJlOHCKOTO npoposecrao sa BoeHHH ,Il;eHCTBH5Ina rrepCHHCKH5Inap cpeIIIY ,,)I(HTeJIHTe na CTPaHaTa Xana (Espona)" npes 515 (517) r. rrp. Xp.88 He C'b06IIIaBa H3p~HO CKHTHTe, a rosopa HaH-06IIIO sa Eapona, KoeTO 6H TP5I6BaJIO na BKJIJOqBa H eBporreHCKOTO KpaH6pe)I(He na Xenecnonra H Ilponorrrana'". HeIIIO rrosese. CBe,Il;eHHeTO He CBH,Il;eTeJICTBa aa JI~HO yxacrae na BJIa,Il;eTeJI5I 'bB BoeHHHTe orreparnra, rropaB ,Il;H KoeTO e B'b3MO)I(HOOT HerOBO HMe na e BOIOBaJIHerOB BOeHaqaJIHHK. B T03H CMHC'bJITO 6H Momo na ce C'bOTHeCe C HH<popMaIlH5ITa na XepO,Il;OT, xe )J;apHi1 I 3arrOB5I,Il;aJIna Merafias na sasnanee TpaKH5I (V, 2, 2). TOBa HH nana MeqTaHaTa B'b3MO)I(HOCTsa C'bBCeM TOqHO ,Il;aTHpaHe Ha HaH-paHHHTe rrepcHi1cKH 3aBOeBaHH5I B TpaKH51 qpe3 noemrare ,Il;eHCTBH5I a Merafias npes 515 r. rrp. Xp. OT CB051 n cTPaHa KaIIHTOJIHi1CKH5IT KO,Il;eKC ct.ofintasa H3p~HO HMeHHO sa rrpesranaaanero na )J;apHi1 I npes Eocnopa, rrocTPo5IBai1KH MOCT rrpOTHB CKHTHTe rrpes 512 r. rrp. Xp ."
86 K. Masemmu, BOMHa )l,apl1S1I co CKI1!jJaMI1 11BaBI1JlOHCKaSl npopoxecsas mrreparypa. - B)l,H 1982,3, 106-110. TIbpBOHa'laJIHO, npa ny6J1I1KYBaHeTOna AOKYMeHTa, norpeunro e npeanonoxeno, 'Ie npOpO'leCTBOTo BI1311pa )l,apl1M III 11 BOMHaTa My cpeiuy AJIeKcaHAbp BeJlI1KI1 - CpB. A. K. Grayson, Babylonian Historical-Literary Texts. Toronto-Buffalo, 1975, 28-37. 87 K. Masemmu, lJ,I1T. Cb'l. Cnopen B. B. Cmpyee ()l,apHM I..., 110) nerara roAI1Ha aa )l,apl1eBOTO ynpasneaae e rOAI1HaTa 517 np.Xp.

paaneane".

88 BI1)!( npeAXOAHaTa 6eJle)!(Ka. OTTYK aacerne me ce npl1Abp)!(aM KbM XPOHOJlOrJ1S1Ta, npennoxena OT K. Ma3eTTI1: 515 r.np.Xp. me CTOI1sa nerara rOAI1Ha na )l,apl1eBOTO ynpasneuae. 89 Cnopen B.B. Cmpyee ()l,apI1M 1..., 106) HaAnl1CbT OT Ilepcenonnc onpenens Ta311Tepl1TOpl1S1 aTO "CTPaHI1Te OTBbA MopeTo". K

42

AHaJIH3'hT na XepOp;OTOBIDI pa3Ka3 sa npananxaaaero aa ,D;aPHH I npes 113TOl.J:HOTpaKHHcKHTe3eMH K'hM CKHTHTe nonxperra rronotiaa HCTOpHl.J:eCKapeKoHcTPYKu;IDI. B HeHHa rrOJI3a rOBOp5.!T onre rma MOMeHTa OT TeKCTa na Xanaxapaacena. Bazcna OT XpOHOJIOmxaa rnenna TOl.J:Kae HHcpopMaU;H5.!Ta,l.J:eMHJITHap; MJIap;H, "cTParer H THpaH na xepCOHeCU;HTe OT XeJIeCrrOHTa", e cpen yxacrnaU;HTe B ,D;apHeBIDI noxon cpemy CKHTHTe90• Cseneaaero MO)l(e na ce paarnexna KaTO carypno CBH)J;eTeJICTBO,l.J:eK'hM narara aa rroxona TOH 6HJI nese rrpH3HaJI B'hpXOBeHcTBoTO na nepcaiicxns nap. 11 orne - arnexnaaero B rrOBeCTBOBaTeJIHaTa JIOrHKa na ,,11CTOpH5.!" noxasna, l.J:eXep0P;oT npencrana nanena crpaaa B MOMeHTa, B KOHTO T5.!aa rr'hpBH rrsr BJIH3a B C'hrrpHKOCHoBeHHe C nepcare?'. 3aTOBa He MO)l(e na He npana sneaarneaae, l.J:e nepaeresara sa TpaKH5.! e m.senena B'hB sp'saxa He C p;BH)l(eHHeTO na ,D;apHH I npes 113TOl.J:HaTpaKIDI, a C BOeHHH5.! ycrrex na Merafias npa IIepHHT. 11MeHHo npesaeaaaero na rpap;a OT T03H nepcnacsn BOeHal.J:aJIHHK naaa noson aa Xeponor na YT0l.J:HH: Meza6a3 noBeA Bouckarna cu npe3 Tpakua, nog4uHJlBauku Ha uapa Bceku zpag U Bceku aapoq om rnesu, koumo >kuBeJim B HeJi. Bauiomo moBa 6uAO sapeqeno om &puu - ga 6bge 3aBAagJlHaTpakua. (npe8og na £18. BeHeguko8 u 11. oORgJkueB, cpB. V13Bopu 3a TpakuR u mpakume, 220). Ta3H HOBa nsnopona cHTyaU;H5.!nanara CJIep;HHTe H3BOP;Hsa HCTOpHl.J:eCKOTOpa3BHTHe Ha TPaKHHcKHTe 3eMH rrpe3 rrOCJIep;HHTe nne p;eCeTHJIeTH5.!na VI s.np.Xp, Ih.pao. IIepcIDI sanoxaa CBOHTe 3aBOeBaHH5.! B Espona npea nerara ronnna OT ,D;apHeBoTo ynpannenae (515 r. rrp. Xp.) xpea BOeHHHTe p;eHcTBIDI aa Merafias, KOMYTO uapsr 3arrOB5.!p;aJIna 3annanee TpaKIDI. 06XBaT'hT aa nerosara soeana aKTHBHOCT B T03H MOMeHT e TPYP;HOna ce orrpenenn xareropasao. Xeponor TB'hP)J;H, l.J:eMerafias "rrOCTaBHJI non BJIaCTTa na nepcare caao 06JIaCTTa Hdt. IV, 137, 1.
e

Hdt. V, 2, 2: CAeg kamo nokopuxu [lepuam,

90

91 Ha6JIIOLleHI1eTO

na M. Zahrnt, Op. cit., 95-96.

43

noxpaii MOpeTO"92. TOBa yro-memre HaH-Bep05lTHO BKJUOqBa M BJIaAeHM5ITa na MMJITMaA MJIaAM B XepCOHeC TpaKMHCKM. )J,aJIM ofiaxe ome rorasa Merafias e nOp06MJI "l(SlJIaTa 3eM5I AO TeCaJIM5I", cnopen CPOPMYJIMpOBKaTana XepOAOT93, e TPYAHO na ce xaxe CbC CMrypHOCT, HO M erraa JIM e 6MJIO Bb3MO)l(H094. AHaJIM3bT na Hdt. IV, 89-93 see nax nOACKa3a Bb3MO)l(HOCTTa 3eMMTe Me)I(.IJ:Y Dl13aHTMOH, CaJIMMAeC, )J,OPMCKM pexara Aprecx na ca 6MJIM cpen nOKOpemrre M nnamaum AaH'hK na )J,apMH ome npes 515 r.np.Xp." B KOHTeKCTa na Ta3M onepanas ca 6MJIM ypenemr M eBeHTYaJIHIne nepcMHcKO-OAPMCKM OTHOrneHM5IBbB BMAa, B KOHTO nte ra sasapa TpM roAMHM nO-KbCHO CaMM5IT )J,apMH. KaK TOqHO ca M3me)l(AaJIM re, He e 51CHO.KbCHM5IT IToMneH Tpor, emITOMMpaH OT IOCTMH, csofintasa, qe Kcepxc "nOAapMJI" na AJIeKCaHAbp I "BJIaCTTa HaA IJ;5IJIaTa 06JIaCT Me)l(AY OJIMMn M XeMYc" (VII, 4). ITPM Q5IJIaTaHeCMrypnocr na T03M TeKCT CMe AJIb)l(HM na OTqeTeM M 06CT05lTeJICTBOTO, xe He e 51CHO xora TOqHO 3eM5ITa AO XeMYC e CTaHaJIa nOABJIaCTHa na ITepcM5I, sa na MO)l(e Kcepxc na 51nonapn na Anexcanrrsp I. CMrypHO e, ofiaxe, qe 6JIarOAapeHMe na H5IKaKBMnoronopeaocn Hdt. V, 10 B npeson aa IT. ,QI1MI1TPOB- CpB. Xeponor, I1cTOPI151.qacT sropa, 73. I1B. BeHeAI1KOB 11,Q. E05lAlimeB npeaexnar "Mera6a3 ce Onl1TaJI na nOKOpl1 KpaHMOpCKI1Te H QaCTI1nOA nepCI1HCKa BJlaCT" (CpB. 113BOPl1sa TpaKI151 11 TPaKI1Te, 222), HO Xeponor rOBOpl1 He sa Onl1T sa nOKOp5lBaHe, a sa nOKOp5lBaHe! 93 Hdt. VII, 108, 1: ... usnara 3eM5I AO TecaJIl151611Jlanopooena 11nnauiana AaHbK Ha uap5l, KaTO 611Jla nOKopeHa OT Mera6a3 11 nOCJle OT MapAOHI1H. (ITpeBoA na I1B. BeHeAI1KOB11,Q. E05lAlKl1eB, CpB. 113BOPl1sa TpaKI15111TPaKI1Te, 249). 94 113BecTHO e, 'Ie CJleA HeycneWHI151 CI1 noxon cpeuty CKI1TI1Te,,Qapl1H OCTaB5IMerafias KaTO "CTPaTer sa Espona" (Hdt. IV, 143, 1-2). Bb3MOlKHO e, CJleAOBaTeJlHO,'1aCT OT 3aBOeBaHI1S1Ta a Merafias na narupar 11BbB speuero n CJleA 512 r.np.Xp. - CpB. M. Taueea, Tepee ... , 157. 95 Cnopen B.B.Cmpy6e, ,Qapl1H 1..., 107 3aBJlaA}lBaHeTO na 06JJaCTTa no KpaH6pelKI1eTO aa XeJleCnOHTa 11 ITponoHTI1Aa e 611Jlo 06YCJlOBeHO OT lKeJlaHl1eTO na ,Qapl1H na saananee KJlIO'Ia KbM TbprOBCKI1S1rrsr, cm.psnaut rpbUKI1Te rpanose-m.pxasa C 60raTI1S1QepHOMOpCKI1KpaH. TOH 06aQe narnpa TSlXHOTOsaananaaaue ouie npena 517 r. 11ro caspasa C nOXOAa aa OTaHa. 3a pa3MI1HaBaHeTo MelKAY XPOHOJlOrHSiTa K. Ma3eTTI1 11Ta311aa B.B.CTPYBe BlK. aa TyK no-rope 6eJl. 87 1188.

44

TH, 6HJIO Me)l(,Il;Y rrae paBHOnOCTaBeHH ,Il;HTeJIH H n06e,Il;eHH, e MOrbJI XeMYC. BTOpO. KOHTeKCTa My ce no BpeMe

CTPaHH, 6MJIO Me)l(,!l;Y nofielI,ap

na

CKHTCKIDI nOXO,Il; BeJIHKIDIT

na

ce npH,Il;BH)I(H 6e3npemlTCTBeHO

npes na

3eMHTe IO)I(HO OT

Cascara

CKHTCKa eKCne,Il;HlI,H5I TPaKHMcKHTe 60M", a

AapHM

I Xncracn,

na K05lTO npenasar ,,6e3

My

nneaeaa cKHpMHa.IJ;M H nancea rerirre ca nOKopeHH H npMHY,Il;eHH na

nposenena npes 512 r,
np. Xp. 3eMH e npOCJIe,Il;HM no

nOCJIe,Il;BaT

nepcaiicxara

BOMCKa, e

Mapurpyrsr
rpace,

npea

H3TOQHOTPaKHMCKHTe

KoeTO OTCTOH

na

OKOJIO

nna

,Il;HH rrsr OT 3ana.IJ;HOnOHTHMC-

KOTO KpaM6pe)l(He. eBeHTYaJIHOTO QepHOMOpCKH B 3eMHTe TYH.IJ;)I(a H OT cesep

KaTerOpMqHO

npescmaaane
KOJIOHHH, OT B

e HeBb3MO)l(HO na ce MHCJIH sa na nepCHMCKIDI nap rrpes eJIMHCKHTe HHTO m.x sa eBeHTYaJIHOTO My HaBJIH3aHe OT .IJ;HeIlIHHTe B KOMTO TeQeHMeTO HM e C nOCOKa

sananno
Mapaua
na

pe-mara rpanaua, oxeprana

ysacr'sxa,

ror,

45

2.
Hdt. IV, 78-80: 78, I. A MHOZOZOgUHUno-kscuo ce CAY4UAO ueuio noqofiso CbC CkUA, CUHaHa Apuaneurnec". OcBeH gpyzume geu,a Ha Apuaneurnec, uaps Ha ckumume, ce paskqa U CkUA: rnou ce pa>kga om egHa >keHa om VlcmpuR, a He om MecmHa >keaa. Mauka My eo HaY4UAa Ha exuacku esuk U Ha nucsaeuocrn. 2. Flocxe, no-kscao, Apuaneumec fiUA noayfiea c U3MaMaom Cnapeaneumec'", uaps Ha azamupcume, a CkUA HacAeguA u,apcmBomo U >keHama Ha Sauia cu no UMe Onoua. Taau Onous 6uAa maMOWHa >keHa U om HeR fiUA pogeH Opuk, CUH Ha Apuaneurnec. 3. Ta CkUA, uapybauku Hag ckumume, aukak He ce 3agoBoMBaA CbC ckurnckua Ha4UH Ha >kuBom, a 6UA MHOZO nofieve ckAoHeH kbM apsukume 06U4au nopagu Bb3numaHuemo, koemo 6UA nOAY4UA. Tou npabex cxeqaomo: koxkorno nsrnu BogeA ckumckama Boucka npu zpaga Ha fiopucmeaume (a rnesu 60pucmeHU kasbam sa cefie CU, 4e ca MUAem4aHU), ma 3Ha4U, kamo gougeA npu mRX CkUA, Bce ocmafiaz, Bouckama B okoxaocrnume Ha zpaga. 4. A caM, koxkorno nsrnu BAU3aABsrnpe B kpenocmma, 3amBapRA nop96 B ct.ofiureno 97 B ct.ofiureno npesona na I1B. BeHe)lI1KOB HO 11 )l,.

Bosnxaes

st.anpaera I1MeTo,

rpaacspanunara

Apaanan,
na I1B.

Apaarreirrec Cnapraneiirec 46

e nO-KopeKTHO cnpaxo 11 )l,. e

e)lI1HCTBeHOOT XepO)lOT. npesona BeHe)lI1KOB HO

Bosnxnea

m.snpaera

rpancsparnmara

Cnapranar,

rro-xopexrno

cnpssro I1MeTo,

OT XepO)lOT.

mume, MaxaA CU ckumckomo 06AekJ\0 U Bce cu 06AU4aA exuscku gpexu U 06Ae4eH B max, xoqex no nasapa, 6e3 ga 20 cAegBam HUmo konueaocuu, uumo HJlkoli qpya (a Bpamume 2U nasexu, ga He 6u HJlkoli om ckumume ga 20 Bugu B mUJI gpexu). III Bb06ll\e >kuBeeA kamo eAUH, U Ha 6020Beme npUHaCJlA>kepmBa no exuscku ofiu-rau. 5. III kamo npekapbax Mece,-, UAU nobeve, 06Au4aA cu ckumckomo 06AekJ\0 U cu ornubax. ToBa rnou npabex -recmo U cu nocrnpoux kbll\a B 60pucmeH, U cu goBeA B HeJi eqaa maMOWHa >keHa. 79, I. A koaarno gOWAo BpeMe ga My ce CAY4U3AO,CAY4UAO ce no cAegHuJI noBog: rnou CUAHOncokexax ga 6bge nocBemeH B fiakxuveckume mauscmba Ha .Ll.UOHUC kozamo Bb3HaMepJlBaAga U npuewe nocbeuieauerno, nOAY4uA MH020 20AAMa nOAu46a. 2. B 2paga Ha fiopucmeaume rnou UMaA 20AAMa U 602ama ksuia c 02paga, sa koarno cnoraeaax MaAko no-aope U OkOAOkoarno UMaAO 6eAokaMeHHu u306pa>keHUJI Ha crpuakcobe U 2pUcpOHU.B HeJi 60>kecmBomo XBbPAUAO2pbM. III rna U320pJlAa HanbAHO, HO CkUA, Bbnpeku moBa u3BbPWUA nocbeutabaaerno. (... ) 80, I. Koaarno cAeg moBa CkUA ce BbpHaA B poqsume cu Mecma, ckumume, kamo cu usfipaxu aa Bo>kg 6pam My Okmaraacag, pogeH om gbll\epJlma Ha Tepec, 20 npornubonocrnabuxu ua CkUA. 2. A rnou, kamo HaY4uA kakBo ce BbPWU cpell\Y He20 U no kakBa npuvuaa, u36.A2aAB Tpakus. Kamo HaY4uA moBa, Okmasiacag norneaxux Ha noxog cpell\Y Tpakus. Kamo cmU2HaA go IIlcmpoc'", mpakume U3J\e3AUaacpeuia My: U kozamo ll\eAU ga 3ano-n-am 6umka, Curnaxk npamUA [nparneuuk] npu Okrnawacaq c makaBa Becm: 3. ,,3all\0 mpJl6Ba Hue ga ce cpa>kaBaMe eguH c gPY2? Tu CU CUH Ha cecmpa MU U npu me6e e 6pam MU. .Ll.ali MU 20 U aa mu npegaBaM mBoJi CkUA: ueka He puckyBaw c Bouckarna cu uurno mu, uurno as." 4. ToBa My npeqxeokux Curnaxk 4pe3 nparneauka. Bauiomo npu Okrnaraacaq ce HaMupaA 6pam Ha Curnaxk, kourno 6UA u36J12aAom He20. Okmasiacaq ce Cb2AaCJIBa c moBa, U kamo BbpHaA c06cmBeHuJI cu Byli40 Ha Curnaxk, nOAy4UA 6pam cu CkUA. 5. III Curnaxk, kamo B3eA 6pam CU, mpb2HaA,
98 BIDK TyK

6e]]. 18.

47

a Okmassacaq Ha caworno MJlcmo BegHaza ornpasax zAaBama Ha CkUA. Taka ckumume rnavarn cBoume ofiuuau u maka uakaabarn OHe3U, koumo Bb3npueMam 4y>kgU. (npeBog Ha MB. BeHegukoB u 11. 00Jlg>kueB, cpB. M3Bopu 3a TpakuJl u mpakume, 207-208).
Pa3Ka3'bT na XepO,IJ;OT aa C'b,IJ;6aTa na CKHTCKIDI nap m.pxa B ce6e CH CBe,IJ;eHH5I a naji-pannare s CKHJI cs-

H3BeCTHH B'bHIIlHO-

nOJIHTHqeCKH HaqHHaHH5I na O,IJ;pHCKaTa m.pacasa H TOBa onpeneJI5I H3KJIlOQHTeJIHaTa cToifHOCT na T03H TeKCT. CBaT cTa6HJIHH XpOHOJIOrHQeCKH opHeHTHpH, cepH03HoTO pa3MHHaBaHe

Hero

06aQe JIHn-

na KoeTO ce ,IJ;'bJI)I(H

B ,IJ;aTHpaHeTo na OT,IJ;eJIHHTeC'b6HTH5I

OT pa3JIHQHHTe C'bBpeMeHHH H3CJIe,IJ;OBaTeJIH. asanoro ce OTHaC5I K KaKTO HO -

sa

B'bHIIlHO-nOJIHTHQeCKaTa aKTHBHOCT na

Tepee

H C'bOTBeTOK-

Apaaneirrec?", raxa
napen

H 3a Ta3H aa CHTaJIK, C'bOTBeTHO -

TaMaCa,IJ;100.

Bee nax,

C Ka3aHOTO

nexe

no-rope

no

OTHOIlleHHe

na

99 Ilo-crapara rnrreparypa (UI1Tl1paHa 11 KOMeHTl1paHa OT A/I. 41oil, ITOJlI1Tl1lJeCKa I1CTOPl1l1oo., 138-139) OTHaCli aKTI1BHOCTTa Tepee BbB BpeMeTO na cnen 80-Te ro)lI1HI1 na V B. np. Xp. Ta311rpamruas ce sarraaaa OTlJaCTI111B noHOBOspeue - CpB. aanp. 10. BUH02pa006, Banarmoe 11 Cesepnoe ITpl1lJepHOMOpse..., 378-379. Ail. 41oil, ITOJlI1Tl1lJeCKaI1CTOPl1l1oo., 139 nampa norosopa na Tepee 11Apaaneirrec "Me)l()lY rtoxona aa ,l1,apl1H11KaMnaHl1l1Tana Map)lOHI1H" (raxa 11 B Thraco-Scythica..., 162); Csuiunm, I1CTOpl1l1aa 6bJlfapCKl1Te 3eMI1 B npennocrra no xpas na III s.np.Xp. C., 1997, 268, rtocrass norosopa "MHOro rtpenn cpazcenaara KpaH CaJJaMI1H 11 npa Ilrtares", HO "BbB apevero cnen ,l1,apl1eBl1l1 nOXO)l cpeuiy CKI1TI1Te"; M. Taueea, TpaKI1HcKl1l1T snaneren Cnapanox, 61: "BpeMeTo sa nOJlI1Tl1lJeCKI1 KTI1Baa Tepee rpafisa na ofixsaae 11 a BpeMeTO npenjr 493-492 r. (oo.). TOBa ce OTHaCli naii-aepoarno 11 sa B3al1MOOTHOllleHI1l1TaMe)l()lY Tepee 11CKI1TI1Te,sae'spurann C )lI1HaCTl1lJeCKl1l1 6paK Me)l()lY )lbmepll My 11 Apaarnrr, )lOKOJlKOTO ponenaar OT rsx OKTaMaCa)l e CBbp3aH noaese C BTOPOTO, a He C TpeTOTO nOKOJleHl1e." Hanocnem.x VI. Anochin (Die Pontische Expedition des Perikles und der Kimmerische Bosporos (437 v. Chr.). - In: Stephanos nomismatikos. Edith Schonert-Geif zum 65. Geburtstag. Berlin, 1998, 41) 113Teml1 HalJaJJOTO Cnapa)lOKOBOTO aa yrtpaaneune OK. 470 r.np.Xp., KoeTO nan a no-panna naraposxa 11 sa

ynpaanenaero na Tepee,
100 Ail. 41oil, ITOJII1Tl1lJeCKaI1CTOPl1l1oo.,141: "CI1TaJJK, KaKTO nOKa3BaT KOCBeHOaaunrre )laHHI1, ce e Bb3KalJl1Jl na npecrona cJIe)l440 r." 11na c. 144:

48

B'h3MO)J(HaTa ,I(OJIHarpanaua sa narnpane na TeKCTa, C06CTBeHO Xep0,I(OTOBIDITeKCTC'h,I('hp)l(aB ce6e ca If npyr narnpoasaen noTeHWfaJI, xotrro nocera He e 6lfJI lf3nOJI3YBaH npa ananasare. Taxa aanpavep XepO,I(OTHe csofintasa Apaarreirrec lf3Me)l(,I(y CKlfTcxare nape, KOlfTOce 06e,I(lfHlfJIlf sa 06m;lf ,I(eMCTBlfH cpemy ):(aplfM B spas na VI B. np. Xp.IOI, a TOBa oaaasaaa, qe Ha"llaJIOTO Hena rOBOTO ynpannemre B HlfKaK'hB CJIyqaM He MO)l(e na ce rrocrasn npena nOCJIe,I(HOTO neceranerne na VI B. CJIe,I(Bacr.mo na ce nanosma, qe B pasxasa ca sa Aaaxapcnc XepO,I(OT mpasno YTOqHHsa, qe HerOB lfHcpopMaTop e caMlfH TIOMHec, nosepeno nmte (npencrasaren) na Apaaneirrec'I". CJIe,I(OBaTeJIHO, none xacr OT CBOlfTeCBe,I(eHIDI a cxarnre XepO,I(OTe nonysnn HaM-BepoHTHoB s
"nOXOAbT na CHTaJlK KbM CKHTHTee nbpBOTO My caMOCTOHTeJlHO Ha'lHHaHHe H TpH6Ba na ce nOCTaBH B Ha'laJlOTO na uapysanero MY", KaKTO H c. 145: "cpemaTa C OKTaMacaA TpH6Ba na ce nOCTaBH AO norosopa C ATHHa HJlH AO spas na 30-Te roAHHH aa V a.np.n.e."; AJI_ ([JOJl, Thraco-Scythica ... , 164 xoparapa AaTHpoBKaTa, KOHTOe npennoxnn npes 1972 r. H nOCTaBHcpeutara na CHTaJlK C OKTaMaCaA "He nO-KbCHO OT Ha'laJlOTO na 40-Te rOAHHH_TIPH TOBa e HCHO,'Ie cb6HTHeTO 6H Momo na ce oxaxe AOpH onre no-crapo". ,[(onYCHaTa e AOpH Bb3MO)l(HOCTTaOT "KoHTaMHHaUHi! aa HSlKOJlKO enestenra B HOBeJlaTasa CKHJl CJleAnpt.uianero na anropa B ATHHa, r.e, CJleA445-444 r,", OCbmeCTBeHa -rpes BMbKBaHe na HMeTO na HaH-H3BecTHHHOAPHCKHuap CHTaJlK B passaaa aa eAHH "no-paHeH no apeve OAPHCKO-CKHTCKH cnop, sa KOHTOXeponor e Y3HaJl B OJl6HSlCbC BCH'IKHBb3MO)l(HH HeTO'lHOCTH"- CpB. AJI_ ([JOJl, Thraco-Scythica ... , 164_ Hsmexna, HanOCJleAbK An, <1>OJl THOBO npoxens BH)I()J;aHeTOCH no O OTHOUJeHHe aa CHTaJlKOBOTO ynpaanenae - CpB_ AJI_ ([JOJl, I1CTOPHH aa 6bJlrapCKHTe 3eMH B npesaocrra AO spas aa III B_ np. Xp. C., 1997, 270: "CHTaJlK ce Bb3Ka'lHJl aa OAPHCKHH npeeron KbM cpenara na 40-Te roAHHH aa V s.np.Xp." I1MeHHo Ta3H AaTHpoBKa na An. <1>OJl m.snpaera H rrpenosropeaa OT e J(. Ilonoe, TpaKOJlOrHH_ C., 2000, 99. M_ Taseea, lJ,HT. Cb'l., 61: "nOXOAbT, rrpensoxnau OT CHTaJlK npena Bb3uapHBaHeTO MY, TpH6Ba na e CTaHaJl npenn Ta3H rOAHHa (444 r. np. H. e. - 6_M_,,[(_6.), HOCJleA465/464 r,", HanOCJleAbK ft_ IOpYKo6a, MOHemTe aa TpaKHHcKHTe nneuena H BJla)J;eTeJlH_ C; 1992, 40, CJleABaHa OT U Peter, Die Miinzen der thrakischen Dynasten (5_ - 3_ lahrhundert Y_ Chr.) Hintergriinde ihrer Pragung. Berlin, 1997, 65 Bb3POAH resara sa narapane aa Cnapanoxoaoro ynpaanenne B nepaona OK. 443 - 436 r; np. Xp. Taxa 're nOCTaBSlTcpaBHHTeJlHO KbCHO BbB apexero H Ha'laJlOTO na CHTaJlKOBaTaBJlaCT_ 101 CpB_ Hdt IV, 120: Csonacac, Hnaarapc H TaKcaKHC_ 102 CpB_ Hdt IV, 76.

49

OJI6ID1I03, KOraTO CKHTCKOTO u;apCTBO e ynpaBmlBaHO

BCe orne OT

Apaanerrrec!".
KOJIKOTO no nafimoneaaero, e npencrasea ronaxra CaMHHf ,,6e3 uapcxara e 6e3 uapcxa qe B pa3IJIe)J(,n;aHIDI TeKCT CHTaJIK CH THTJIa"I05, TO 6e3 C'hMHeHHe e C qe H a THTJIa. BC'hm;HOCT, TOqHOCTTa H3HCKHe ca npencraaemr, pa3JIHKa B na-

CTOHHOCT, HO H3HCKBa ,n;OIThJIHHTeJIHOTOyrosseaae,

Tepee

sa na ce xazce, qe 're H ,n;BaMaTa H306m;o rrpOCTO ca m.seneaa qHHa, rro KOHTO mrrepecynannrre

B TeKCTa! HaJIHIJ;e e orposma B'hBe)J(,n;anpyrare

Xeponor
HH TyK

",n;eHCTBam;H JIHu;a" aa

CBOHTe pa3Ka3H cnpsao

TOBa, KoeTO e CTopeHO rro OTHOIIIeHHe na

Tepee

H CHTaJIK.

Taxa

CKMJI e "CHH na

Apaarrefrrec"

(Iv, 78, 1), Apiraneirrec 1), Cnaprarreiirec e "u;ap na ararapcnre"

(IV, 78, 2),

e "u;ap na CKHTHTe"

(IV, 78,
e "Ta-

(Iv, 78,2), Onoiia

Apaaneiirec"
na

MOIIIHa )J(eHa"

OpHK e "CHH aa

(I., 78, 2),

Oxrauacan
103

e 6paT na CKMJI, HO "po,n;eH OT rrsntepsra

Tepee"

CKJIOHHa CbM na rrpaeua,

'Ie TIOMHec e npeACTaBlUeJI (AOBepeHO naue) JIIfI..Ia na CKIfTCKIfTe nape If B

aa

Apnaneirrec
npensan.

IfMeHHO B OJI6IfH, MaKap XepOAOT na He YTO'lHHBa KaKBO TO'lHO 3a Te31f nOACTaBeHlfiAOBepeHIf nOJIIfCIf BlK.

IfMa

nOHTIfHCKIfTe
104

IO.TBuHozpaooB,

3anaAHoe

Cesepnoe

Ilpasepnoaopse ..., 379.

KaKTo MOlKe na ce osaxna npn nanasnare CBeAeHIfH, reaara He e HOBa. <1>. KOIfTO, 51K061f cnopen

(F Jacoby,

Op. cit.,

Sp. 256) ofiase 1f3BOPlf

51 OTXBbPJIH C apryueara,

MeH, He ca AOCTaTb'lHO y6eAlfTeJIHIf BbPXY npyro,

- sa APYro MHeHlfe CpB. KbM rrpenrraranoro

All. C/JOll,

npOY'lBaHIfH OTHeceHO

rpt.uiorre
nO-KbCHO,

II, 10.
aa

OT 51K061f

BpeMe - caMOTO Ha'laJIO Ha uapYBaHeTo Hd OKTaMacaA - e Bb3MOlKHO Aa 6bAe

rrsryaane

Xeponor
aa

KbM

Cesepuoro

Ilpasepsouopne,
BbPXY

xoraro

TOH e cb6paJI If AOnbJIHIfTeJIHa IfH<p0pMaUIfH. no T031f

nOBOA HanbJIHO OCHOBaTeJIHOe CJIeAHOTOrs'spnenae

All. C/JOll (nOY'IBaHIfH

KOJIKO ca aa 6pHr, KoeTO me

rpsnxare

1f3BOPIf,

II, 10):

"HIfKora

HHMa na ce 1f3HCHIf

nbTYBaHIfHTa na osaavaaa,

Xeponor

na ceaep If KOJIKOca 're no ereiicxaa

se Hlfe me CMe AJIblKHIf na nplfeMeM

HeKOJIKoKpaTHo cb6lfpaHe

AaHHIf If sa enaara If sa npyrara 06JIaCT". 105 ,[(OKOJIKOTOMIf e 1f3BeCTHO,eAIfHCTBeHO M. na T031f <paKT - CpB. OCHOBaHlfe na

Taxeaa e 06bpHaJIa BHIfMaHlfe M. Taueea, TpaKIfHCKIfHT BJIaAeTeJI... , 61 - If TOBa H nasa nampa cb6lfTlfeTO "npeAIf m.anapanaaero'' na CIfTaJIK; BlflK npennonoxeaaero, st.apacr". npexe Tepee

csuio c. 68: "JIlfnCaTa na uapcxa T1fTJIIf If sa ABaMaTa (aa Cnapanox If CIfTaJIK6.M., ,[(.0.) B nOCO'leHIfH nepaon (MelKAY 464 If 444 r.np.H.e. - 6.M., ,[(.0.) MOlKe
na ce 06HCHIf C HO B npeKJIOHHa 'Ie no TOBa 61fJI ace ouie lKlfB,

50

(IV, 80, 1). 11 M3Be,lJ;If'h)l(Tepee e npocro .Tepec", 6e3 HapO,!1;HOCT,

6e3 TMTJIa, 6e3 HMKaKBO upencrasaae! C'hrn;OTO e M C'hC CMTaJIK: TOM e npocro "CMTaJIK" M e M3rrpaTMJI nparennx npa OKTaMaCM! Hanara ce ycemaaero, qe HMTO Tepee, HMTO CMTaJIK, ce H~,!1;aHT npencransne OT na TOBa MHCTO- 're MJIMsene ca 6MJIM npencTaBeHM, MJIMrrsx ca 6MJIM ,!1;OCTaT'hqHO 'p:06pe M3BeCTHM na Xepo,!1;OTOBaTa aY,!1;MTOpMH He ce ~,!1;aHT OT npencrassae! M HnrepecHO e, qe OT HaqaJIOTO na "l1CTOPMH" ,!1;0aHaJIM3MpaHMH pasxaa B IV, 80 Te3M)];Be MMeHa He ca rrOHBHBaT, HO rrsx rrpMC'hCTBaT B Hdt. VII, 137. l1MeHHo TaM, enna B VII KHMra, XepO,!1;OTme npencraaa CMTaJIK KaTO "CMH aa Tepee, nap na TPaKMTe". A TOBa 6M Momo na osnaxana, qe KOHKpeTHoTo TeXHmeCKO BM'hKBaHe na TeKCTa sa CKMJI e cropeao CJIe,!1; aTO e 6MJIa "BMecTeHa" MCTOpMHTa C'hC K cnaprancxoro nparemorecrso npn CMTaJIK. A TOBa sa nopenerr rrsr c'h,!1;'hp)l(arrOTeHU;MaJIHaTa B'h3MO)l(HOCTna ce nonycne, qe CBe,!1;eHMeTO IV KHMra na "l1CTOpMH" oTPa3HBa C'h6MTMe, KoeTO ce OT e CJIyqMJIO ,!1;OpM CJIe,!1; TOBa OT xpaa na JIHTOTO na 430 r., KoeTO e

paaxasano

VII, 137.106

OqeBM)J;HO e csmo, qe B MOMeHTa, B xoirro XepO,!1;OT oq,OPMH OKOHqaTeJIHO TeKCTa sa rrOXO,!1;a OKTaMaCa,!1;K'hM TpaKMH, MMena nara na Tepee M CMTaJIK ca 6MJIM ,!1;OCTaT'hqHO ,!1;06pe rr03HaTM B ATMHa, sa na ce HY)I()J;aHTOT ,!1;OI1'hJIHMTeJIHOpencransae, n B rrpoTMBeH CJIyqaM XepO,!1;OT He 6M ce OTKJIOHMJIOT ,,)I(eJUl3HOTO" CM rrpaBMJIO na 06HcHHBa peaJIMMTe, KOMTOca q~)J;M M HeM3BeCTHM na aY)J;MTOpMHTa,K'hM KOHTO e 06'hpHaT HerOBMH TeKcT, qpe3 rr03HaTM MJIMneae B'hBe,!1;eHM 06H~HeHM OT CaMMH Hero MMeHa M rrOHHTMH. M IIpMMepMTe sa TOBa ca 6e36pOMHM, re ce cpemar "Ha BCHKa xpasxa" B XepO,!1;OTOBMH pasxaa. Mozee 6M errao OT MHoro MaJIKOTOM3KJIIOqeHMH OT TOBa npanaJIO e CJIyqaHT C Tepee, KOMTO na rrpaKTMKa He e npencrasen HMK'hne B TeKCTa na "l1CTOpMH". Ha nsere MeCTa, K'h,!1;eTO MMeTO My ce rrOHBHBa, TO e M3rrOJI3yBaHO, sa na 6'h,!1;aT npencranenn npyrn ",!1;eMCTBarn;M JIMu;a" - C'hOTBeTHO OKTaMaCa,!1;(IV, 80, 1: "pO,!1;eHOT rrsntepsra na Tepee") M CMTaJIK (VII, 137: "CMH aa Tepee"). A TO106

Cps. Thuc. II, 67, 1.

51

sa osnaaana, qe B Arana lfMeTO ua Tepee e 6lfno MHOrO rro-rrorrynspao, OTKOnKOTO CMe B CbCT05lHlfe na )J;OrrYCHeM.,ll,anlf TOBa ce )J;bn)l<lf e)J;lfHCTBeHOna MlfTa sa Tepeii, csnpyr-sr na ITpoKHa, lfnlf rrsx na aTlfHCKlf5I rear'sp, norrpanecsn asxmosarenao MHOrO sa nonynspaaapanero na T03lf MlfTI07, lfnlf na orne nemo, KoeTO nae He 3HaeM, 3am;OTO aaaopare He ca Hlf ro csofintana, ensa na H51xora me Y3HaeM CbC carypnocr. <l>aKTbT ofiaxe caM rro ce6e ca e

noxasarenen.
H5IKOnKO MOMeHTa cnenna na 6b)J;aT lf3PlfqHO ortienasana If rro ornomenae na KOHKpeTHO acropasecxara lfH<popMaWI5I, K05lTO HOClf T03lf TeKCT. Taxa HarrplfMep paaxarsr na XepO)J;OT rroncxasna sa repnropnamra rrpoveaa, rrpe)l<lfB5IHlf OT CKlfTCKOTO uapcrso B paiiona na ,ll,onHlf5I ,ll,YHaB. <I>aKTbT, qe Apaarreiirec e 6Hn )l(eHeH aa zcena OT I1cTPlf5I (IV, 78, 1), CBlf)J;eTenCTBa rro He)J;BYCMlfcneH naxaa, qe B )J;a)J;eH MOMeHT cxnrare ca ycrrenn na nanoacar CB051peanen nonaTlfqeCKlf KOHTpon If BbPXY reparopan IO)I(HO OT )J;onHOTOresenae na I1cTPoc. Tasa ClfTyaWI5I e nonoaena onre OT I1B. Beaennxon, HO TOM 51)J;oKa3Ba C <paKTa, qe npa rrOCTp05lBaHeTO na MOCTa Ha)J;pexara MOHlfM:QlfTe OT BOMcKaTa na ,ll,aplfM ce cfim.cxsar If nperosapar CbC cxnrnre, a He C rerare ana C npyra TPaKlfMCKlf nnexena 108. Kora TOqHO e YCTaHoBeHo TOBa CTaTYKBO, sacera e HeBb3MO)l(HO na ce saxe, HO IIbK e CHrYPHO, qe rro BpeMeTO, xoraro CKlfTCKaTa )J;bp)l(aBa e yrrpaanasaaa OT Cxan cnryamerra e nposreueua, E)J;lfHcTBeHo C ornanane na CKlfTCKlf5I KOHTPon BbPXY I1cTpas 6lfX 0651CHHna 06CT05lTenCTBoTo, qe CKHn ce rrpaofimasa KbM xynrypmrre TPa)J;lf:QHHna CB05lTa MaMKa, T.e. KbM enaacxaa HaqlfH na )l(lfBOT, He B HeMHlf51rpan I1CTplf5l, a B Bopacrea, KOHTOofiaxe, nonofino na I1cTPlf5I, e Cb3)J;a)];eHKaTO KOnOHlf5I na MJmeT~ Br.npoCbT, nana CKlfTCKaTa )J;bp)l(aBa e asrnacxaaa cesepno OT pexa I1cTPoc orne npn Apaaneirrec Hnlf enaa rrplf HerOBlf5I ClfH CKHn IDIMa sacera xareropasea orrosop. Bee nax <paKTbT, qe BTOPlf5IT fipax ua CKlfTCKlf5I nap e C )J;bm;ep5lTa na Tepee, Mlf nasa OCHOBaHlfe na
ITO-)J.OJIY anannsa na Thuc. II, 29. IV, 133. CpB. M6. Beneouxoe, TpaKI1MCKaTa TOITOHI1Ml1l1 , 41-42 ...

107 BID!( 108 Hdt

52

npe,IJ.I10JIO)l(a,qe TOBa e CTaHaJIO orne npa Apaaneiirec, H TO He B pe3YJITaT aa BoeHHO-nOJIHTHqeCKa aKTHBHOCT OT crpana na )l(HBecurare B XHHTepJIaH,!l;a ua 11CTPIDI rern, a na O,!l;pHCKaTa )J;bp)l(aBa npH ynpaBJIeHHeTO na "n'hpBH}I if Morn:eH nap". APyrOTO YTOqHeHHe e no nOBO,!l;BoeHHO-nOJIHTH:qeCKOTOnasaHaHHe OTIHCaHOOT XepO,!l;OT no nOBO,!l;6HrCTBOTO na CKHJI B TpaKIDI. B csepexennara mrreparypa TO HaH-qeCTO ce onpenens xaTO ,,(CKHTCKH) nOXO,!l;na CHTaJIK", HJIH KaTO "cpern:a aa CHTaJIK C OKTaMaCa,!l;". Te3H tPOpMyJIHpOBKH, ofiaxe, He ce nOAKpeTIHT OT XepO,!l;OTOBIDI TeKCT, 3arn:OTOcnopen Hero OKTaMaCa,!l; e T03H, KOHTO "nOTernHJI na nOXO,!l;cpemy TpaKIDI"I09, H enaa "KaTO CTHrHaJI no 11CTpOC (He ro e npeMHHaJI!), TPaKHTe H3JIe3JIH nacpema MY". 11 ome - rrperosoptrre ce BOMT He aa cpema Me)l(,!l;y CHTaJIK H OKraaacan, a xpes nparerrax na CHTaJIK npn OKTaMaCa,!l;. B T03H CMHC'hJI KaTO qe JIH HaH-TOqHaTa ,!l;etPHHm.urn sa C'h6HTHeTO, OTIHcaao OT XepO,!l;OT B IV, 80 e "HeC'hCTOHJIa ce BOHHa"110 Me)l(,!l;y CHTaJIK H OKTaMaCa.D;.).:(aJIHofiase TO e KopeKTHO cnpasro peaJIHOCTra sacera e HeB'h3MO)l(HO na ce TB'hPAH KaTerOpH:qHO. C'hMHeHHeTO ce nopaxna OT orracanara B ,!l;paMaTa "Pe30C" K'hpBaBa BoiiHa C'hC CKHTHTe, KOHTO 3aB'hpIIIHJIa C rrofiena na Pe30C-CHTaJIK111_ B3eTH 6HJIH nopn 3aJIO)l(HHIzyI H 6HJI HaJIO)l(eH ronmnen ,!l;aH'hK:

Eurip., Rhes., 430-435: TaM nomeue kbM 3eMJIma zscmama kpb6 Ha ckuma U Ha rnpakueua, u36u6aHu egHo6peMeHHo om konuarna, Taka6a ueceoqa MU nonpexu ga qouqa 6 noxerno Ha Tpos kamo m60u CbI03HUk. Kamo 2U pasfiux, Baex meXHU qeua aa aaAo>kHUl\U U UM onpeqexux kakb6 20guweH qausk w,e MU nxauiarn (npeBog na fj_ bOJlgJkueB, cpB. v1JBopu 3a TpakuJl u mpakume ..., 131).

109 Taxa e H B "Pe30C" CKHTCKHHT napon,

na EBpHnHA,

aarrosna

BOHHa C MeH ... "

426--428: "HO cscenuara MH crpana (Ilpeaon na A. EOHJJ:)KHeB, CpE

Hsnopa sa
llO III 3a

TpaKHH H TPaKHTe,

131).
B

M. Taueea,

TpaKHHcKHHT BJIaAeTeJI [(HT.

aHaJIOrHHTa Pe30C-CHTaJIK

Cnapanox ..., 61. npaaara "Pe30c"

CbIUO All.

na

EBpHnHA

CpE

nOAP06HO HCTOpHH... ,

y /(IJ. Iluuumpoe,

CblJ. BmK

r/>Oll, flOJIHTHlJeCK

144-145

C JIHT.

53

I1paBH

nrresarneaae

pa3JIHqHaTa

caryanns,

OIlHCaHa OT Xepo-

,lJ;OTH OT EBPHIlH,D; B KOHTeKCTa na O,D;pHCKO-CKHTCKHTe ornonreHH5I, aKO,

pasfiapa

ce, ,lJ;eHCTBHTeJIHO xpea

ofipasa

aa Pe30C EBPH-

IlH,D; e HCKaJI na Ilpe,lJ;CTaBH O,lJ;PHCKH5I JIa,lJ;eTeJI CHTaJIK. I1pmHHaB ra

sa

TOBa, 6e3 C"hMHeHHe, 6H MOma,lJ;a ce T"hpCH B pa3JImHHTe OT ,lJ;BaMaTa asropa,

H3-

TOqHHn:H na HHCPOPMan:H5I, IlOJI3YBaHH B Ilpe,lJ;CTaB5IHeTO na nne pa3JIHQHH CPJIHKT-

KaKTO H

rnenaa

TOQKH K"hM T03H KOHEB-

C"hOTBeTHO CKHTCKaTa H O,lJ;pHCKaTa. OQeBH,lJ;HO, npa

pHIlH,D; e HaMepHJIa

orpaxerrae
IlpaB e

O,lJ;pHCKaTa ouenxa

sa

C"h6HTH5ITa,

,lJ;OKaTO Xep0,lJ;OTOBaTa CTPaHa. Ee3CIlopHO

HHcpopMa[(H5I

IlO CJIyqa51 H)J;Ba OT CKHTCKa TB"hP)J;H, Qe

An.

<POJI, xoraro

sa

T03H

"O,lJ;PHCKO-CKHTCKH CIlOP ( ... ) Xep0,lJ;OT e Y3HaJI B OJI6H5I C"hC ncasKH B"h3MO)l(HH HeTOQHOCTH" 112. EHX ,lJ;06aBHJIa caao, Qe Te3H B"h3MO)l(HH HeTOQHOCTH ca IlO OTHOmeHHe na O,lJ;pHCKHTe nena, KOHTO

Xanaxapnacetrsr

OQeBH,D;HOHe e Il03HaBaJI

nofipe,

112

All.

(/J01l,

Thraco-Scythica ..., 164.

54

3.
Thuc. 11,29: I. Flpes csutomo Mmo [ua 431 a.np.Xp.] arnuHJlHUme Ha3Ha4UAUsa cBou npokceu HUMq,ogop, CUHHa numec, afiqepumsaua, 4UJlmO cecmpa 6uAa >keHeHa aa Curnaxk U kourno UMaA 20MMO BAUJlHUenpeg He20. AmUHJlHUme no-pauo 20 CMJIrnaxu sa uenpuarnex, a ceea 20 nofiukaxu B AmUHa, noaeoke uckaxu ga ckxiouarn CblO3CbC Curnaxk, CUHHa Tepec U u,ap Ha rnpakume. 2. T03U Tepec, 6a~ama Ha Curnaxk, npbB cb3gaA ofiuiupHomo u,apcmBo Ha ogpucume, koemo 3aeAO nO-20MMa 4acm om ocmaaaxarna Tpakus: HO 20MMa 4acm om mpakume ca He3aBuCUMU. 3. T03U Tepec HJlMa HU~O 06~0 c Tepeu, kourno 6UA >keHeH sa npOkHa, gb~epJl Ha naHguoH, uurno npousxeokqaxu om eqaa U Cb~a Tpakus. Equausrn om max - Tepeu >kuBJIA B &BAUJI, B 3eMJIma, koarno ceaa ce HapU4a <Dokuga U koarno moaaBa ce ofiumafiaxa om mpaku. B rnasu crnpaaa >keHume u3BbPWUAU usbecrnaomo qexo c IIImuc (MH03UHa noemu, kamo cnosieaaBam cAaBeJl, uapuvarn 20 gaBAuucka nmuu,a). 111 ecrnecrnbeao, 4e nopagu B3auMHa nowou; flaaquoa no-ckopo e OMb>kUAgb~epJl cu Ha6Au30 [y q,okugu,ume], ornkoxkorno y ogpucume, koumo ca Ha MH020 gHU nsm. A nsk Tepec, kourno gopu HJlMa cuuiomo UMe, crnaaax nspflusrn uap, kourno ce cg06UA c 20MMa MO~ Bcpeg ogpucume. 4. He20BuJlm CUH Curnaxk UMeHHOamUHJlHUme npuBAekAu aa CblO3HUk c HaMepeHuemo ga UM nOM02He ga npeB3eMam cexuuiama Ha rnpakuuckua 6pJl2 U ga HagBuJlm nep55

5. HUMcpogop gOWbA B Amuaa, CkAI04UA CblO3 CbC Curnaxk U aakapax amUH.RHUmega gagam Ha CUHaMy Cagok amuacko apaskqaacko npaBo. Tou ce HaeA ga npufrspiuu U BouHama B Tpakua: UV'IAga y6egu Cumaxk ga npamu Ha amuaaaume mpakuucka Boucka om kOHHUL\U U nexrnacmu. 6. Tou nOMupUA U Flepquka c amuaauume, kamo au y6eguA ga My BbpHam Tepsaa.
guka. BegHaza cAeg moBa Flepquka npeqnpuex C max U C <D0PMuoH noxog npomuB xaxkuquume, 7. Taka U Curnaxk, CUHa Ha Tepec, . L\ap Ha mpakume, U Flepquka, CUI-!Ha Axekcaaqsp, uap ua Makeqoaume, CmaHaAU CbI03HUL\UHa arnuaauurne. (npeBog ua AA. ([)OA, cpB. lthBopu 3a Tpoku» u mpakume, c. 279-280).

Hsmexna,
norosop OT

BHHMaTeJIHOTO BqHTaHe B T03H TYK~OB rrpeoQeHKa

paaxas

6H ~OBeJIO AO eAHa cepHo3Ha

Ha aTHHcKo-OAPHCKHH ce e HaJIO)l(MJIO xaraxa, KaKTO

431 r,

cnpzuo

TOBa, KoeTO 3amOTO

sacera

TO MepOAaBHO MHeHHel13.

OT T03H AorOBOp,

HH ro rrpeACTaBHJI TYK~~114, rrOJIyqMJI,

caMHHT CHTaJIK peaJIHO HHIUO He e OT MaKeAOHCKHH nap

sa

pa3JIHKa HarrpHMep

Ilepnaxa,

na

KorOTO aTHHHHHTe rrpanar KH C ap'smanero na OQeHHBa BHCOKO B

CTPaTernqeCKH

TepHTOpHaJIHH OTCT'brr-

Tepae 115. CHTaJIKOBaTa upanofiasxa, KOHTO ce csapeaeanara HCTOPHOrpa<pHH, e aTHHCKOTO

113 Xp. Ilauoe, ,lJ,peBHa TpaKHlI, 372-379. Pa3J1H'IHa e onenxara na AJI. c[JOJl, ITOJlHTHT.JeCKa HCTOPHli ... , 146-147, CJleJl.BaHOT Il. Ilonoe, TpaKOJlOfHlI, 100, m.npexa npeanoxeaara BeT.JeOTJl.aBHa pa3J1HT.JHa cnopen MeH, no-peanaa H, peKoHcTpYKUHlI na 6aJIKaHCKHTe nOJlHTHT.JeCKHaHMOOTHOIIIeHHlI B KOHTeKCTana B Jl.OrOBOpa OT 431 r. - CpB. M. Taueea, ITOJlHTHT.JeCKaTa Jl.eueHTpaJIH3aUHlI B OJl.pHCKaTa m.pxasa OT nocnennara T.JeTBbpTaa V B. np. H. e. Jl.Oassuapaaaaero na KOTHc I (383-359 r.np.H.e.). - MITp, 1988, 12,24; Csiuama, ITOXOJl.bTaa TpaKHHCKHlI uap CHTaJIK npes 429 r. np. H. e. - BMC6, 1990, 6, 6-7. 3a Cb)KaJIeHHe Ta3H npouaxuoaeua oueaxa na cHTyaUHlITa B HaT.JaJIOTOaa ITeJlOnOHeCKaTa BOHHa OT DJeJl.HaTOT.JKa TpaKHHCKaTa HCTOPHli nocera He e aa nOJlYT.JHJla nonarauioro H ce npH3HaHHe. 114TBbPJl.H ce, 'Ie Jl.OroBOPbT "nOTBbp)KJl.aBa YBeJlHT.JaBaHeTO Jl.aHbUHTe" na (1(. Ilonoe, TpaKOJlOrHlI, 100), HO BHJl.HO 'Ie TYKHJl.HJl. csofimana sa nOJl.06Ha e, He KJlaY3a. 115 M. Taueea, ITOJlHTHT.JeCKaTa Jl.eueHTpaJIH3aUHlI ... , 24; Cstuama, ITOXOJl.bT , 6. ...

56

rpazorarrcrno

sa CMHa My Ca,[(OKI16.

~OJIOBeHa

e BCe nax

M Bb3- cno-

MO)l(HOCTTa aa erma pa3JII{tIHa pe,[(

n03MUIDI M no T03M np06JIeM

M. Taseaa

"OT ATMHa CMTaJIK nOJIyqMJI e,[(MHCTBeHO nOqeTHO CM Ca,[(OK, HO M TO 6llJIO M3nOJI3YBaHO cpe-

rpascnancrno

sa cnna

my MHTepeCMTe My" 1l7. I13fJIe)l(,[(a, peaJIHaTa poca, santo ,[(aHCTBoI18, ouenxa na CMTyaUIDITa MMHaBa npes m.n-

caMIDIT CMTaJIK He e 6MJI

rtoserea

C aTMHCKOTO rpax-

CJIe,[( KaTO ce TBbP,[(M, qe ATMHa

e TbpCMJIa na BC5:!Ka

neua HerOBM5:! CbI03.

Hemara

,[(06MBaT KopeHHO pa3JII{tIHM oxepra-

HM5:! [(OpM caxto aKO CM ,[(a,[(eM CMeTKa, qe HMM<PO,[(OPe M3,[(eMCTBaJI , aTMHCKOTO rpaxnancrao sa CB05:!nJIeMeHHlIK, CbMHeHMe e sazcen, He TOJIKOBa sa CMHa na CMTaJIK, KOJIKOTO ceCTPMHM5:!CM CMH, Ca,[(OKI19. ocofieno OTHOilleHIDI, aKO ro raxa BnMilleM KaKTO rn T03M cpaKT 6e3

B ,[(MHaMMKaTa na e 3araTHaJI TYKMqe

aTMHo-a6,[(epCKMTe ,[(M,[(.[OBopeMKM

sa HMMCPO,[(OP,aHTMqHIDIT MCTOPMK ct.ofinrana, ro CM5:!TaJIM aa HenpM5:!TeJI, a cera

"aTMH5:!HMTe no-paao JIM B ATMHa, noneace MO)l(HO e,

ro nOBMKa-

MCKaJIM,[(a CKJIIOqaT CbI03 CbC CMTaJIK". Bb36b,[(aT peKOHCTpYMpaHM rrone nsa

CJIe,[(OBaTeJIHO, na

XpOHOJIOrMqHM TIJIaCTa B Te3M OTHOIIleHM5:!. ITbPBM5:!T nepMO,[( ATMHa M ce xapaKTepM3Mpa C Hanpe)l(eHMe C BpeMeTo Me)l(,[(y na ycra,[(bp)l(a-

Afinepa,

TOM 6e3 CbMHeHMe ct-snana OTHOIIleHM5:!Me)I(,[(y KOJIOHIDI

HOB5:!BaHena noroaopmrre sa M cesepnoereiicxara

Onpncxara

Afinepa,
147:

cxpenenn

C ,[(MHaCTMq-

116

AJl. C/JOJl,

IToJUITI1'1eCKa HCTOpHSI .. , .

"TOH (HHM<pO)lOp

-6.M.,

,[(.6.)
sa na

H3)leHCTBaJI sa CHHa na CHTaJIK Ca)lOK 3yBaJI rrponaraanana aanpasa ane-rarneaae C TOBa npanofiasa "E)lHOBpeMeHHo CHTaJIK - Ca)lOK,
117

aTHHCKO rpaxnaacxo

rrpaso

H H3nOJl-

TPHK C nOJlHTI1'1eCKaTa reHeaJIOrHSI aa

Tepeii

- Tepee,
'Ie

uaps",

CpB.

If. Ilonoe,
24.

TpaKOJlOrHSI,

100:

HHM<pO)lOP aTHHCKO

e )lOTOJlKOBa

eueprnxea,

CHH'hT na

rpaxnaacrao."
O)lPHCKH uap, sa KorOTO CC

M. Taueea,

ITOJlHTHqeCKaTa )leucHTPaJIH3aUHSI ... ,

118I13BecTHO C, '1C MHOro rO)lHHH nO-K'hCHO npyr npennonara, '1C e KOTHc

I,

e nonysnn

aTHHCKO

rpaxnaucrso.
enna ci.npyra

CBC)lCHHeTO na CHTaJIK fCY,

)l'hJllKHM na BaJICPHH MaKcHM H TOBa C CCCTPaTa na npneva,

(III. 7, 7).
cavo T03H La OT

119I13BecTHHTC H3BOPOBH )laHHH C'h06waBaT HHM<pO)lOP

Afinepa.

<paKT MH n03BOJlSlBa na

nO)106HO na f. MHXaHJlOB

(G. Mihailov,

<1><1>, 50, 2, 1955, 91),

'Ie Ca)lOK e CHH na CHTaJIK HMCHHO OT T03H

Legende de Teree, fipax,

57

HlUI fipax

Me)l()];Y O)];PMCKIUI BJIa)];eTeJI CMTaJIK M cecrpara

na BM)];-

HM5I a6)];epMT5IHMH HMMCPO)];Op. C'bmaCHO na

KOpeKTHMTe M3qMCJIeHM5I

f.

MMXaHJIOB, CBaT6aTa na O)];pMCeQa 6M Tp5l6BaJIO na e CTaHa-

JIa OK. KO na

450 r., sa na e B'b3MO)l(HO K'bM 431 r. Ca)];OK na e HaH-MaJI20 rO)];MHM120.A TOBa osnasaaa, qe M3KJIlOQMTeJIHOaKTMBHa-

ra O)];pMCKa B'bHIIIHa rrOJIMTMKa rro OTHOIIIeHMe na ceaepnoereiicxare eJIMHCKM KOJIOHMM,KaKTO M caMOTO HaQaJIO na CMTaJIKOBOTO yrrpaBJIeHMe, cnpauo rena me Tp5l6Ba na ce M3Tem5lT ome nasan B'bB npenero

)];OCeraIIIHMTe )];aTMpOBKM121. CMTyaQM5ITa M3me)l()];a e yce-

HaH-TOQHO OT M.

Taxeaa,
OT

cnopen

K05lTO "aKO TYKM)J;M)];He na CMTaJIKOBaTa BJIaCT rro

saae KaK ce e CTMrHaJIO )];0 HaJIaraHeTO TpaKMHCKOTO KpaH6pe)l(Me

Afinepa

)];0 XMCTPM5I, TO TOBa 3HaQM,

Qe Te3M cpaKTM He ca 6MJIM M3BeCTHM M na HerOBMTe OCBe)];OMMTeJIM C'bBpeMeHHMQM, T.e., Qe pa3IIIMp5lBaHeTO TP5I6Ba na e OTKOJIeIIIHO"122. B'b3MO)l(HO e, eCTeCTBeHO, CnraJIK na e CKJIlOQMJIT03M )];MHaCna O)];pMCKaTa

m.pacasa

120 121

G. Mihailov, Op. cit., 91. 8)1(. no-rope 6eJl. 100. 3apa)l11 1I11TI1paHI1Te TaM rpn pa3Jll1'lHI1 MHeHI151 na
speae 454 - HaH-npl1eMJlI1BO(!), 1Je <l>OJl, BI1COKa rm.pnenne: "rpaKI1HCKaTa na rpona nOJlI1TI11JeCKa I1CTOPI151)lOKa3Ba, npenn

AIl. <l>OJl, sa MeH 3BY1J11He0651CHI1MO, HO B ci.uioro

CJle)lHOTO neroso CI1TaJJK He 611 MOrbJl na cenne

r. np. H. e." (AJl.

59. 3aCJlY)I(aBaT

0poY1JBaHI151 BbPXY rpt.ruorre 113BOPI1, II, 22). 122 M. Taneea, TpaKI1HCKI151T snaneren Cnapanox oueuxa 11CJle)lHI1Te 113BO)lI1: "J1l1ncaTa aa Ha)lMOllll1e

...,

aa KOHKpeTHa I1H<popMalll151 Y TYKI1)lI1)l sa CI1TaJJK 11CeBT, cnen CMbpTTa na )lbp)l(aBa

Cnapanox
Anexcanm.p Y1JaCTl1eTo rpamuia onpenens

- 6paT 11fiaura aa Onl1CaHI1Te HerOBI1 csspeaeauaua

B MaKe)lOHCKaTa

KaKTO 11 sa 60p6aTa

ce

I npes 452 r., onpenens Ta311 rO)lI1Ha KaTO TepMI1Hyc anre KBeM sa na Cnapanox B nOJlI1TI11JeCKI151 )l(I1BOT. Csurara XpOHOJlOrl11JeCKa OTHaC5I KaKTO sa uapyaanero na Tepee, rasa 11sa Bb311ap5lBaHeTO aa
OT apeve Me)l()lY 465 11 452

CI1TaJJK. OrpaHI11JeHI151T nepaon HaH-Bb3MO)l(HOTO speae, 452 )leHHOCT aa )lOnYCKa rpYKlIl151

r. CJle)lOBaTeJlHO

B KoeTO rpsfisa

na ce BMeCTI1 nOJlI1TI11JeCKaTa

Cnapanox" nanp,

(ITaK TaM, 62).

3a Cb)l(aJJeHl1e M. Ta1JeBa He OTCT05lBa CI1 I1CTOpl11JeCKa peKOHCna

nOCJle)lOBaTeJlHO CpB.

rO)lI1HaTa

KaTO rpaHI11JHa B O)lpI1CKaTa I1CTOPI151, C KoeTO MOHeTOCe1JeHeTO I1MeHHO BbB speuero,

He06S1CHI1MI1 npOTI1BOpe1Jl151 B C06CTBeHaTa "CJle)lOBaTeJlHO I1CTOpl11JeCKI1 rpanaun

Cnapanox

I1Ma nena

CBOI1Te pe30HHI1 orpaHI11JeHO MoraT 68). na 6b)laT

npl16Jll1311TeJlHO 444 r," (OaK TaM,

Me)l()lY 46411 444 r." (OaK TaM, 65), 5

KaKTO 11"Cnapa)lOKOBI1Te

OTHeCeHI1 KbM BpeMeTO cnen 464 r. 11 npena

Taxa

e 11npl1 M. Taueea, OOXO)lbT...,

58

THqeH fipax He KaTO n'hJIHOBJIaCTeH BJIa.n;eTeJIna O.n;pHCHTe,a KaTO 6'h.n;elI( HaCJIe.n;HHKna BJIaCTTa B O.n;pHCKaTa rrspzcana no BpeMeTO 6HJIO aa fianta My Tepee, 6HJIO na fipar My Cnapanox. He 6HX HacTORBaJIa na Ta3H B'h3MO)KHOCT naii-sese sapana .n;OCTHrHaJIHTe no Hac CBe.n;eHI-IR ,I:{HO.n;OP, OHTO, no BCHqKO H3IJIe)K,lJ;a,ce OCHOBana K I23, na npyr, Hen03HaT sa Hac, pasxaa sa BaT He na TYKH,IJ;H.n;OBHR a pannara HCTOPHR na O.n;pHCHTe:

Diod. XII, 50, I: no csuiorno BpeMe Cumaxk, uapam aa mpakume, Makap 4e nOAY4uA He3Ha4umeAHOkamo rnepurnopua uapcmBo, 6AazogapeHue Ha cBoume ka-recmfia u YMeHU.l1 paauiupux eo u goBeA go ZOMMO Mozb~ecmBo. OcBeH 4e ynpaBMBaA cnpaBegAuBo noqvuaeaurne cu, mou 6UA CMeA U onumea BoeHa4aAHuk u noxaaax ZOAeMUapusku sa yBeAu4aBaHe Ha npuxogume. Hakpaa crnaaax rnoxkoba MOZb~, 4e BAacmBaA Hag nobeue 3eMu, omkoxkomo uapybaxurne npegu ueeo B Tpakus. (npeBog na M. AAekcueBa, cpB. M. Ta'ieBa, .!.J.. EomeBa, XpucmOMamUJl no mpakOAOZUJl. TOM 2, / /0-///).
B'snpexa, qe ,I:{wo.n;op e K'hCeH aBTOp, He BH)K.n;aMnpHqHHH re-

3H HerOBH .n;aHHH.n;a 6'h.n;aT rronnarann na C'hMHeHHe, B'hnpeKH BH.n;HMHTe pa3JIHKH (HO He npOTHBOpeqHR!) Me)K.n;y HH<popMa.QHRTa My 3a B'h3.n;HraHeTO na O.n;pHCKaTa rrspzcana H CBe.n;eHHRTana TyKH,IJ;H,IJ;. IIocJIe.n;HHRT name CBORTa "I1CTOPHR" KaTO C'hBpeMeHHHK na MOlI(HaTa CHTaJIKOBa rrspzcana H e HOPMaJIHO na rrpencrana na CBOHTe CJIymaTeJIH H qHTaTeJIH He casrara HeR, T'hH KaTO B ATHHa TR nexe 6HJIa nofipe n03HaTa, a HeHHHTe xopenn. Sarona TYKH,IJ;H,IJ; apt-rna CBOR pasxas K'hM CHTaJIKOBHR fiama Tepee, KOHTO "np'hB
123 KaTeropH'-IHO

He Mora na ce csrnacs acropna ... ,

C rtrspnennero

aa An. <POJl, 'Ie ua nsara TeKCTa

)J,IfOLlOPnpenpenasa CpB. All.

CPO/I,

"C6IfTO, HO Bb3TOp)!{eHO" nonpofiuaa

paaxas aa TYKIfLlIfLl-

ITOJlIfTlf'leCKa

149.

AHaJIlf3bT rpanauaa.

nOKa3Ba, 'Ie re )J,IfOLlOP ce nanaue

npnaannexar

KbM pa3J1If'lHIf OT HliKOIf e aeooxonnao

Heuio

nosese.

nonasa

pasnpaaaenae

HeliCHOTI1 B TYKIfLlI1LlOBOTO <ppa3a na )J,110LlOP: ,3a na e , na 1f3TbKHeM rrplf'llfHIfTe aa OT aeacmrre

1f3J10)!{eHlfe. CaMO raxa MO)!{e na ce ouenn cnenaara lICeH sa '1lfTaTeJlll pasxas, Ta31f BOHHa" (Diod. BOHHaTa cpelllY

XII, 50, 3). Ts

(Thuc.,

1f3fJle)!{Lla e rrpernrsaaxana nopann

<P0PMYJlIfPOBKIf na TYKIfLlI1Ll sa nplf'lIfHIfTe,

KOIfTO CIfTaJIK rrOLlXBaHaJI

Ilepnaxa

II, 95; 101).

59

Cb3AaJI 06nmpHOTO

QapCTBO na OApMCMTe, 3aeJIO

no-ronaaa

qaCT

OT OCTaHaJIaTa TpaKM5I". QeJIM ner naaa nexa

Ilpa

,iJ,MOAOPCJIyqa5lT e Apyr.

TOM name KoeTO aa yn-

CJIeA MHTepecYBaI.U;MTe HM cb6MTM5I, nopann

AOCTMrHaJIaTa AO HerOBO BpeMe MCTOpJ1qeCKa oueaxa

paBJIeHMeTO na CMTaJIK, BKJIlOqMTeJIHO M Cnp5lMO QapYBaJIMTe npeAM Hero.

Ilpa

Ta3M M3BopOBa

cMTyaQM5I e AonYCTHMO na ce npnee MHMQMMPaJI eJIMHCKM

Me, qe MMeHHO CMTaJIK, a He HerOB npeAIlleCTBeHMK, AorOBopeHOCTMTe C

Afinepa

KOHKpeTHO, HO M C APYrMTe

KOJIOHMM no TpaKMMCKOTO ereMCKO KpaM6pe)l<Me.

H
JIMQe

raxa,

OKOJIO 450 r. MJIM casto H51KOJIKO rO)J;MHMno-pane, e 6MJIO noponeno

e na-

nanpexenae
aHTM-ATMHcKa

B OTHOIlleHM5ITa Me)l(AY ATMHa M HMMCPOAOP OT OT npO-CMTaJIKOe nOCJIeAHM5I124. KOJIKO AbJIrO

Afinepa,
sara

KoeTO HaM-Bep05lTHO

nOJIMTMKa na

npOAbJI)l(MJI

"MeAeHM5IT MeceQ" na ce

B OTHOIlleHM5ITa Me)l(AY CMTaJIK M

HMMCPOAOP e TPYAHO

xaxe, Cnrypno

e ofiase,

qe

KbM

432/431

r. np.

Xp.

sese

ca 6MJIM HaJIMQe CMMTITOMM Ha T5IXHOTO MMCM5I, Bb3JIO)l(e-

"BJIeAeH51BaHe", na My OT ATMHa,

CJIeA KaTO B AMnJIOMaTMqeCKaTa

HMMCPOAOP nOCpeAHJ1qM aa CKJIlOqBaHeTO na AOC cpaKTa, xe TOlJHO rorasa, B nepnona npOM5IHa B pasuepa ua cpopoca, a npes

124Tesara MO)!(e na 6blle nonspenena Me)!(llY

454/453

45211,

rrspsara

pssxa

BHaC5IHOT A611epa B Cbl03HaTa xasua, cnHCbUHTe Tribute Lists.

443/442 rparrsr nopn JIHnCBa OT CpB. B. D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery, M. F. McGregor, The Athenian Vol. I, Harvard, 1939, The Register, s.v. 'Aj30TlPt't<X1. OllPHCKOce BnHCBaT B rOJIeMH5I Bbnpoc 3a

a611epcKHTe OTHOWeHH5I OT T03H nepHoll Bep05lTHOTO llBOHHO llaHblJHO 06JIaraHe ua Kpa51na XIX B. OT Ed. Meyer, Geschichte

cesepaoereiicxare

KOJIOHHHlJJIeHKH

na ATHHcKo-)J,eJIOCKH5I MOPCKH CbK>3, 06ocHoBaH

KaTO np06JIeMaTHKa Ollie B

Bd. IV: Stuttgart, 1939, 74. np06JIeMbT e pasrnenaa nOllPo6HO OT Xp. J(aHo6, )J,peBHa TpaKH5I, 293-294 11300-309 C JIHT. H cnen Hero, H'OC npyra n03HUH5I, OT All. C/JOIl,nOJIHTHlJeCKa HCTOPH5I .. , 142-144 C JIHT. nOCJIellHO B)!(' U. Peter, Op. cit., 74-75. . des Altertums. HanOCJIellbK e HanpaBeH onHT lla ce oTPelJe 3aBHCHMOCTTa Me)!(llY HaMaJI5IH EHOC B CbK>3HaTa xasua H Maroneia, y TYKHllHll. H AprYMeHTHTe aa BJIalleTeJIH BJIalleTeJIH - CpB. Chr. Veligianni, Abdera, - TEKMHPIA OTHOWeHH5ITa I, BaHeTO ua llaHblJHHTe BHOCKHua A611epa, Mapouea nOJIHTHKaTa aa onpucxare Ainos 3a und der Odrysenstaat. acnexrn aa asropxara, npyrn

1995, 136-172.
onpncxare

ofiase, He ca y6ellHTeJIHH, a H nporasopexar Me)!(llY KOJIOHHH B)!(.

aa naiunrre

cesepuoereiicxare

rpbUKI1Te nOJIHCH no cesepnoro

M. Taueea, TpaKHHcKHTe BJIalleTeJIH H Ereiicxo KpaH6pe)!(He. - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988,

1,9-19.

60

ronopa, KOMTO ca B M3rO,Il;aKaKTO na nero caMIDI, raxa M na ATMna, M na I1ep,Il;MKa, HO He M na CMTaJIKI25. TpYAHO e na ce xazce, na KaKBO TOqHO e pa3qMTaJI O,Il;PMCKIDIT BJIa,Il;eTeJI,xoraro e npnen na 6'h,Il;e B'hBJIeqeH B Ta3M HeM3rO,Il;Ha sa Hero sa MOMeHTa CMCTeMa OT 6aJIKaHCKM ,Il;OrOBOpeHOCTM B naaexepaero na I1eJIOnOHeCKaTa noiina. CMrYPHO e ofiase, qe TOM caMIDIT e MMaJI 5JCHanpencrasa sa nOJIO)l(eHMeTO M cpenry ,Il;a,Il;eHOTOMy "HMI~O" OT CTPaHa na ATMHa OTrOBap5J npes 431/430 ron, np. Xp. C npaann 06ern;aHM5J sa noeana novour, a He C peanna noenna naveca rasa, KaKTO e CTOPMJII1ep,Il;MKa, KOMYTO aTMH5JHMTeca HanpaBMJIM naaora repaTOpMaJIHa OTCT'hnKa. CaMOCT05JTeJIeH np06JIeMeH xpt.r ce 0<P0PM5JB MCTOPMorpa<pM5JTa OKOJIOCBe,Il;eHM5JTa TYKM,Il;M,Il; Tepee, 6arn;aTa na CMTaJIK, na sa M ocofieno OKOJIOorpexenara OT MCTopMKa npt.sxa Me)l(,Il;Y Tepee M Tepeii (Thuc. 11,29,3)126. Cnopen r. Kanapos caMIDIT Tepee "B'h3npaen PO,Il;OCJIOBMeTO, KoeTO M3KapBaJIO npOM3XO,Il;a My OT fiacaocJIOBHM5J u;ap na AaBJIM,Il;a Tepeii". r. MMXaMJIOB npaeva, qe cseneHMeTO na TYKM,Il;M,Il; rtposoxnpatro e OT erma onpenerrena nponaraHna sa soeaea C'h103 Me)l(,Il;Y pO,Il;CTBeHMTeC'hmaCHO Ta3M reneanorM5JaTMH5IHMM TpaKM, M nonycxa, qe cascrre aTMH5JHM nanpanaca JIM rOJI5JMa nponaranna cpen TpaKMTe, T'hM KaTO CeBT II e M3nOJI3)'BaJI C'hrn;M5JT03M apryxetrr rrpn nperonopnre CM C Kceno<pOHT127.Cnopen AJI. <DOJITa3M "M,Il;eHTM<pMKaU;IDI CTaHaJIa HaMe Bep05JTHO no npeve na CMTaJIKOBOTO napysane M e Tp5J6BaJIO na
125Hsmexna CbMHeHl1e rpaznanan TYKI1JlI1Jl". 126 Ilo-crapara r. MIiXaHJlOB I1Ma npano aa M.

Taxeaa,

KOSITOeJlI1HCTBeHa

nocera
CpB.

nOCTaBSI non

xopexrnocrra
na

HI1M¢OJlOp

cnpsao

CI1TarIK

M. Taueea,
BI1JlHI1S1 OT

TIOJlI1Tl1'1eCKaTa Jlel.{eHTParII13al.{I1S1 , ...

24: " ... JlOIllI1S1CbBeTHI1K

Ha naps,

Afinepa

HI1M¢OJlOp,

MaKap 'Ie He KaTO TaKbB HI1 e

npencrasen

(G. Mihailov,

Muxaunoe, KbM 39-50). 3a npenparxn KbM nO-HOBIiTe 1i3CJleJlBaHI1S1 AA. CPO/I, TIOJlIiTl1'1eCKa B)!(. I1CTOPI1S1 , 140 11 ... CbBceM nacxopo K. Pa6adJICue6. EJlIiHCKIi MI1CTepl11i B TpaKI1S1 , 144-153 C JlI1T. •.. 127 r H. Kauapoe, TIP0l13XOJl Ii npt.a pasuner ... , 739; G. Mih ailov; Op. cit., 116.

rnrreparypara no npofinesia e unrapana 11KOMeHTl1paHa OT La legende ..., 91-92; 96; 11211 116; CpB. CbIUO r. at.npoca aa CO¢OKJleBaTa npaaa .Tepeii". - rHMTIJl, 2, 1950,

61

onpaanae noronopmrre OTHOIIleHl151 Me)l(,!l;Y Arana M T03M CMJIeH BJIa,!l;eTeJIB qMCTO nOJIMTMqeCKMnJIaH" 128. Ensa JIM MO)l(e na MMa C'hMHeHMe, qe peaKQMHTa na TYKM,!l;l1,!l; cpemy l1,!l;eHTM<pMKaQIfHTa Tepee M Tepeii ce ,!l;'hJI)I(M HaJIMqMna na eTO B aTMHCKOTO ny6JIMqHO npOCTpaHCTBO na onpenenena npencrana'?". He C'hM CKJIOHHa ofiase na npMeMa, -re Ta3M rrpencrasa e <popMMpaHa OT nponaranna, KOHTO e pa60TMJIa B nOJI3a na noenen C'h103 Me)l(,!l;y ATMHa M O,!l;pMCKaTa ,!l;'hp)l(aBa. <PaKT e, qe -rpes npaMaTa CM .Tepeii", CO<pOK'hJI e 3aeJI arrrarpasniicxa n03MQMH13o. Ilopann Ta3M npMqMHa MM ce CTpYBa, qe m.npocsr ,!l;aJIM,!l;paMaTa na CO<pOK'hJI e MMaJIa qMCTO nOJIMTMqeCKM xapaKTep, T.e. TpH6BaJIO JIM e TH na 3alQMTaBa azreara sa C'h103 C TPaKMTel31 e nOCTaBeH
128 AJI. C/JO/l, ilOJlI1TH'IeCKa I1CTOPl1l1 ..., 140; B)f{. 11 c. 147: nOJlI1TI1'IeCKaTa reneanorns e .riponaraanen TPI1K", H3n0Jl3BaH OT HI1M¢OLlOP, ,,3a na uartpana sne-rarneane aa uaps (CI1TaJJK- 6.M., )],.0.)". Ct.uiara oueasa KaTOUHJlOHaMl1paMe II Y K. {fopoaHo6, Llapcxara MllTOJlOrl1l1 B TpaKI1H 11MaKeLlOHI1H.- B: Jubilaeus 1[. I0611J1eeH C60pHI1K B naver na npod» Xp. )],aHoB. C., 1999, 160: "O'ICBI1LlHO, MI1TbT sa nereunapuxa TPaKl1i1cKI1uap Tepeii e 611J1 oope n03HaT B ATI1Ha 11npes n 30-Te roLlI1HI1 aa V s.np.Xp. xoraro 611J1113n0Jl3BaH aa Ill1nJlOMaTI1'IeCKI1Te 11 BoeHHO-nOJlI1TI1'IeCKI1Te uenn aa IlOJlI1Ca.)],l1nJlOMaUI1HTa ATI1Ha, B Ha'IaJJOTOna Ha Ilenonoaecsara BOHHa(431-404 r.np.Xp.), B )f{eJlmll1CTOcn na npnaneue na CBOll crpana MOrblUl1H OIlPI1CKI1uap CI1TaJJK,CI1Hna OCHOBaTeJlH IlI1HaCTl1l1TaTepee, ua 113nOJl3YBaJJa aTO apryveirr 11aexe cnOMeHaTI1H uapCKI1 MilT." He e csscev HCHa K n0311Ul1llTa Ha M. Ilouapaocku, EMnOpl1OH ilI1CTl1pOC. TOM I, 7: "TYKI1IlI1Lle aBTOpsr, KOHTOce Onl1TBana ofiopa nponaraamurre XOLlOBeaa aTI1HHHI1Te oruoureno Hl1e na Tepee, (...) Heronysauaero aa TYKI1IlI1Ll pasfiapaae IlO-IlbJlHO, aKO npOCJleLlI1M nO-HaTaTbK neroaoro 113J10)f{eHl1e: I1MeHHo HeroBI1lI CI1H CI1TaJJK " aTI1HlIHI1Tecne'IeJlI1JlI1 3a CbI03HI1K " 129 Cnopen M. Taseea (Tepee , 155; CpB. 11Cuuama, TpaKI1HCKI1HTBJlaLleTCJI Cnapanox ..., 61.) "no T0311 Ha'II1H TOH (TYKI1IlI1Ll -6.M., )],.0.) lleJlI1KaTHO xoparupa Xeponor, KOHTOuapasa Tepeii (TTJPEU~) fiauiara aa TPaKI1HCKl1l1uap CI1TaJJK(7, 137)". Cnpasxara C rpbUKI1H TeKCT aa XCPOLlOT nOKa3Ba, 'Ie 11B IV, 80 11 B VII, 137 XaJJl1KapHaCeUbT 113noJl3YBa reHeTI1BHaTa ¢opMa Tripero na I1MeTO TftpTJ~, raxa KaKTO TOBa e CTOPI1J1 11TyKI1Lll11lB II, 29, 1 11 II, 95, 1. 3a CKJlOHeHl1eTOaa TOBa TPaKI1HCKOI1Me B)f{. D. Detschew, Op. cit., 500, s.v. TftpTJ~. 130 Ouie I. Cazzaniga (La saga di Itis. Vol. I. Milano-Varese, 1950,61 ft) TBbPIlI1, 'Ie npaxara .Tepei!" aa CO¢OKbJl e 3aMI1CJleHa C aHTI1TPaKI1HCKI1 HaCTPoeHI1H. Ha npyro MHeHl1e e C. Mihailov, Op. cit., 92; CpB. 11E MUXaUJl06, TpaKI1Te. c., 1972, 192. 131 C. Mihailov, Op. cit. 92.

62

HeKopeKTHO.

E)J;Ba JIM, C'hII(O raxa,

npaaara

e Tp5l6BaJIO rrpOCTO na

OTrOBopM na rOJIeMM5I mrrepec, ca rrp05lB5IBaJIM K'hM TpaKMTe 132.

xoiiro

B T03M MOMeHT aTMH5IHMTe

Macro

rrO-Bep05lTHO MM ce CTpYBa npaxara

na CO<pOK'hJI HaMC-

TMHa na e MMaJIa rrOJIMTMqeCKM xapaxrep,

HO He 3aII(MTaBaMKM, a na CM-

rrpOTMBorrOCTaBaMKM ce na M)J;e5lTasa C'h103 C rrspacasara

TaJIK, O<pOPM5IMKM e)J;MH M3KJIIOqMTeJIHO OTpMIJ;aTeJIeH 06pa3 na TpaKMMCKM5I BJIa)J;eTeJI, C'h103HMK na ATMHaI33. Heuto noaese. Mo)J(e na ce OKa)J(e )J;OpM, qe C'h3)J;aBaHeTO na Tpare)J;M5ITa

.Tepei!"

CO<pOKJIeBaTa peaKIJ;M5I na HeM3BeCTHM sa Hac KOHKpeTHM M peanHM C'h6MTM5I, KOMTO ca ce OTpa3MJIM HeraTMBHO B'hPXY pa3BMTMeTO na aTMHCKO-O)J;pMCKMTeOTHOIlleHM5I B HaqaJIOTO na I1eJIOrrOHeCKara BoMHa. rypr'sr

Haase

6M 6MJIO MHoro

TPY)J;HOna ce rrpMeMe, qe )J;paMarrpe)J;CTaB5IMKM c06CTBeHMTe

rrpaBM rrponaranna

B rrOJI3a na erma crpana,

HeMHM5I BJIa)J;eTeJI KaTO BepOJIOMeH HaCMJIHMK cpenty CM C'h103HMIJ;M,M KaTO fiama,

M351JI 06CTBeHM5I CM CMH. 3a CMJIaTa M c qaCT OT aTMHC-

BJIM5IHMeTOna aHTMTpaKMMCKMTe HaCTpOeHM5I cpen KOTO 061I(eCTBO

CBM)J;eTeJICTBa M C'h3)J;a)J;eHaTa MaJIKO rrO-K'hCHO

TeTpaJIOrM5I na <I>MJIOK'hJI"I1aH)J;MOH", KOMYTO, cnopen JIOB, )J;'hJI)J(MM KOHKpeTHOTO 06B'hp3BaHe na ofipasa na pec, C'h3)J;aTeJI5Ina O)J;pMcKaTa rrspacasa 134. OT MCTOpMqeCKa

f. MMxaMTepeii C Te-

menna

TOqKa He e Ba)J(HO, )J;aJIMpeaKIJ;M5ITa na

TYKM)J;M)J; rrpe)J;M3BMKaHa OT rrpOM3Be)J;eHMeTO na CO<pOK'hJI, MJIM e OT TOBa na <I>MJIOK'hJI.Ba)J(Ho e ofiase, qe orrpenenena HeraTMBHM

HaCTpOeHM51B aTMHCKOTO 061I(eCTBO ca rrpMHY)J;MJIMTYKM)J;M)J;, qMB MTO BeHM rene TpaKMMCKa KP'hB, na nanpasn M3PJ1qHO paarpaaaseHMe Me)J()J;YTepeii OT ,iJ,aBJIM)J;a o)J;pMCeIJ;aTepee, ID;e pe-te, 6e3 na M e 3a5lBeHO eKCrrJIMIJ;MTHO,T03M aTMHCKM MCTOPMK ce e pa3rpaHJ1qMJI OT aHTMTpaKMMCKMTe, B'h3MO)J(HO )J;OpMKOHKpeTHo aHTM-CMTaJIKOBM, rr03MIJ;MMna xacr OT aTMH5IHMTe.

132

OaK TaM. no-rope 6eJl.

133 BlK.

130. Tesara aa

r.

MI1XaHJlOB,

qe aTI1HlIHI1Te He ca H B AeHCTBHTeJlHOCT 611 H3AbplKana AOpH

11 Man 11 I1HTepeC Aa nOKa3BaT aHTI1TPaKI1HCKH HaCTPoeHHlI HI1KOra He ca

ra rroxaaaana (G. Mihailov, Op. cit., 92) He cavo aKO B3eMeM rtpen BI1A TBOpqeCTBOTO na ApI1CTo!jJaH. 134 G. Mihailov, Op. cit., 112.

63

4.
Hdt.VII, 137: (... ) MHOZO no-kscao, no BpeMemo Ha BOUHarna Me>kgy nexonoaecuu U amUHJlHU,m03U ZHJlB- kakmo mBbpqarn xakeqewoauume - om HoBo ce cb6ygUA. (...) Ho moBa, 4e 6o>kuJlm ZHJlBce crnobapux BbPXy cuaofieme Ha mesu Mb>ke, koumo omubaxu npu 4aPJl 3apagu zHeBa Ha Taxrrnofiuoc - BbPXY Hukoxau 135,CUH Ha 6YAUC,U Aaepucrn, CUHHa Cnepmuac (...), MU nokasba, 4e pafiornarna 6uAa geAo Ha HJlkoe 6o>kecmBo. IIhnparneau om AakegeMoH4ume kamo Becmurnexu B A3UJl, me 6UAU npegageHu om Curnaxk, CUH ua Tepec, uap Ha mpakume, U om HUMcpogop, CUH Ha [homec om A6gepa, 6UAU nAeHeHU B 6ucaHme Ha Xexecnoama, omkapauu B Amuka U y6umu om amUHJlHUme, a saeqao c max U Apucmeac, CUHua AgeuMaHm, Mb>k om Kopuarn, ToBa cmaaaxo MHOZO aoquau cAeg noxoga Ha 4aPJl (Kcepkc - 6. M., 11. 6.). A ceaa ce BpbU\aM kbM MOJl npequurea
paakas. (npeBog
194-195).
Ha

n . .t1uMumpoB, cpB. Xepogom, V1cmopuJl. 4acm Bmopa,

135

Ilpa npenasaaero aa
CbM ornana

J1H'IHHTe HMeHa CbM CH []03BOJlHJla OTAeJlHH

[]pOMeHH B TPaHCKpH[]UHHTa, sa na 6bAaT re yeAHaKBeHH B HaCTOHIUHHTeKCT.

Ilpennoxaraaae
ct.ofipasnna

na <popMHTe, Ao6HJlH se-re []O[]YJlHPHOCT, H CbM ce na OKOH'IaHHeTO --DC eAHHCTBeHO []PH

C []pHHUH[]a

sa aanaasane

eAHOCpH'IHH HMeHa.

64

TeKCT'bT na XepO,!l;OT C'b,!l;'bP)I<a HHcpOpMaf(IDl na Ba)l(HOCT sa O,!l;pMCKaTa MCTOpml.

OT rrspnocrenea-

3aTOBa M3HeHa,!l;Ba 06CT05ITeJIOT ny6JIm<yBaHMTe no136 • I1ponYCK'bT e aaC'b6MTMeTO, C'b06m;eHO MC-

CTBOTO, l.{e TOM He e BKJIIOl.{eH B HMTO enao cera M3,!l;aHMH C M3BOPM sa TpaKIDl

M TPaKMTe

MCTHHa HenpOCTMM, OT

T'bM KaTO na npaxraxa B TO3M

Xannxapnacena
aa nsasrara

nacax,

e e,!l;HHCTBeHOTO OT panaara

TOpMH na O,!l;pMCKaTa ,!l;'bp)l(aBa, sa KoeTO paaxas rOJIeMM MCTOPMf(M OT

pasnonaraxe

C M3PMl.J:HMH

B. np.

Xp.

Taxa,

cavo

f(MTMpaHIDlT ,!l;M,!l;:

TeKCT na XepO,!l;OT e C'bnOCTaBMM C ,!l;aHHMTe na TYKM-

Thuc. 11,67: I. B kpaa Ha csuiorno Nlmo [sa 430 2.np.H.e.] kOpUHmJlHUHbm Apucrneu, cnaprnaackurne nparneauuu AHepucm, Hukoxau U npamogaM, TUMa20p om Teaea U apaubeusm nOAUC (nocxeqauarn nbmyBaA c max no 4acmHa pafiorna), koumo omufiaxu B A3UJI npu nepcuuckus uap, aa ga onumam HJlkak cu ga 20 y6egJlm ga UM nOM02He c napu U ga BOIOBa saeqao c max, ce om6UAU no-uanpeq npu Curnaxk, cuaa Ha Tepec, B TpakUJI, aa ga 20 y6egJlm, ako e Bb3MO>kHo, ga ce omseernue om Cb103a cu c amuaaaurne U ga usnpamu Boucka kbM Flornuqea, kosrno 6uAa oficaqeua om amuucka Boucka, a CbU\O U ga UM noM02He B npeqcrnoautorno nbmyBaHe ga nperauaam Xexecnoama, sa ga omugam npu CDapHak, CUH Ha CDapHa6a3, koumo U\JlA ga 2U npenpamu BbB BbmpewHocmma npu uapa. 2. CAY4UAO ce, 4e npu Curnaxk ce HaMupaAu arnuackurne nparneauuu J\eapx, CUH Ha KaAuMax U AMuHuag, CUHHa CDuAeMoH. Te y6eguAu Cu136 r Kauapoe, Il. Ileuee, 113Bopl1 sa crapara I1CTOPI1SI11 reorpadms aa TpaKH5I H MaKeJlOHI151. c., 19492, 17-34 - BTOPOTO 113JlaHHe e pasurapeno Cnp5lMO nbpBOTO OT 1915 r. Bt.npesa TOBa H B Hero He e BKJIIOqeHO I1HTepeCYBalllOTO HH cseneane, MaKap B 1922 r. Kauapos na ce n030BaBa aa Hero - CpB. r 11. Kauapoe, Ilap <l>I1JIl1n MaKeJlOHCKI1. MCTOPH5Ina MaKeJlOHI151 II JlO 336 ron, np. Xp. C., 1922, 58. M3BOP" sa HCTOp"51Taaa TpaKI15111TPaKI1Te. TOM I. CbCTaBI1TeJII1 B. Be1lICo8, 31l. Foueea, B. Tsnxoea-Sauuoea. c., 1981, 256. Bb3 OCHOBaaa TOBa 113JlaHI1ee nonrorsen nbpBH5IT TOM aa Xp"CTOMaTH5ITa no TPaKOJI0rl151(AJl. (/JOIl, If. nOn08, XpI1CTOMaTl151no TPaKOJIOrl151.TOM I. C., 1989), nopann KoeTO T03H nponycx e ):{onYCHaT H B yqe6HOTO nOMaraJIO.

65

maxkobus CUH Cagok, kourno crnauax arnuacku apaskqaaua, ga

UM npegage mUJI Mb>ke, sa ga He omugam npu uaps U maka ga HaHecam, qokoxkorno e B mexaurne Bb3Mo>kHocmu, Bpega aa ueaobua zpag. 3. Tou zu nocxyuiax U uanparnux aaequo c Aeapx U AMuHuag xopa, aa koumo 3anoBJlgaA ga eu xbauam no msrna UM npes Tpakus, npegu ouie ga ce ka-rarn Ha kopa6a, c kourno U\eAU ga MUHam Xexecnoarna, U ga au npegagam na Aeapx U AMuHuag. Te au B3eAu U au sakapaxu B Amuaa, 4. Kozamo crnuzHaAU,arnuaauume ce nofioaxu ga He 6u Apucrneu ga u36J1zaU ga UM aanakocrnu ouie nobexe - mbu kamo 6UAO JlBHO, 4e U nopaso rnou ycmpoux BCU4ko B Flomuqes U Tpakus - U sarnoba ouie CbU\UJIgeH au y6UAU Bcu4kume U 6e3 ga zu csqarn U ga U3cxyuiarn moBa, koemo uckaxu ga ka>kam, au XBbPAUAU B nponacmma. (npeBog HO AA. (J)OA, cpB. VI3Bopu 30 TpokUJl U mpokume,

280-281).
TBbP,Il;M ce, ~e "Xep0,Il;OT onpenena 6MJI cJIa60 3an03HaT CbC cb6MTMeTo

M ca My JIMnCBaJIM KOHKpeTHM ,Il;aHHM", a pasxaasr KaTO ",Il;aJIe~ nO-M3~epnaTeJIeH"137. n03MU;IDI, HO C yroaopxara,

aa

TYKM,Il;M,Il; e c nO,Il;06Ha

IIpMeMaM

~e no OTHOllIeHMe M~CTOTO na nJIeH~3an03HaTIDIT" MC-

aane na JIaKe,Il;eMOHCKMTe npaTeHMIJ;M Xep0,Il;OT e 6MJI no-ampopMMpaH OT TYKM,Il;M,Il;. PaKT e, ~e MMeHHO "cJIa60 < TOpMK csofituasa nosenra sa na M3p~HO, 're na XeJIecnOHTa", ,Il;OKaTO "M3~epnaTeJIHM~T" ~e TIJIeAABaHeTO e CTaHaJIO "B DMcaHM3BeCT~Ba sa 3aMM npes TpaKM~,

npaTeHMU;MTe na 6b,Il;aT XBaHaTM no rrsra nOCJIe Haii-06Iu;0

xaxe

"Te rn B3eJIM M ra 3aKapaJIM B ATM)];BOp, a B no-

na",

O~eBM,Il;HO e, ~e MHcpopMaU;M~Ta na TYKM,Il;M,Il; e orpamrsasa c KOMTO ce pasnrpaaar M3KmO~MTeJIHO B

,Il;0 KOHKpeTHMTe 06CTO~TeJICTBa B O,Il;PMCKIDIuapcxa 06Iu; TIJIaH - ,Il;0 cb6MTIDITa, paiiona na Krrosananna ce OKa3Ba C nponycxa TpaKM~, HO aamezcna MCTOPMK ceBepOM3TOK. Haii-,Il;MCKYTMpaHM~T B

TpaKM~. TYKM,Il;M,Il;OBaTa MHcpopMMpaHOCT B CJI~a~ no OTHOllIeHMe aa IOfOM3TO~Ha CbIu;OTO ce OTHac~ M sa ,Il;aJIe~HM~ sa T03M

ncropaorparpaara

np06JIeM

na

T03M

137

M. Taueea, TpaKl1i1cKI15ITsnaneren

Cnapanox ... , 60 c fierr. 1211 13.

66

TeKCT e )"IaCTHeTO,

C'hOTBeTHO - He)"IaCTHeTO

na CHTaJIK

npa npeCJIeABaH nax na e CJIeA-

AaBaHeTO na JIaKeAeMOHCKHTe npaTeHm~H138. OT

f. Kanapos

An.

<l>OJIHe H3KJIIOqBaT B'h3MO)I(HOCTTa CHTaJIK "Bce

3HaeJI npe)J;BapHTeJIHO sa CTaHaJIOTo"139, AOKaTO sa nO-CTPHKTHO CBeAeHHeTO JIaBHHeTO na neJIOnOHeCKHTe

M. Taxesa cnopen

aa

TyKH,IJ;HA, qe Ca)J;OK e HapeAHJI saKoeTO He51 6HJIO

nparenaua,

cpenry

HHTepeCHTe na CHTaJIK140. OCHOBaHH5I na ce TB'hPAH, qe T03H enH30A OT

C'hlI(eCTBYBaT

HCTOpH5ITa na OAPHCKaTa narar-snnro pa3BHTHe.

m.pscasa

xparaxen

sa HeM:HOTO noHefOBOTO neraiin-

IIopaAH

Ta3H npHqHHa

HO aHaJIH3HpaHe, na pHCKa na 6'hAe 30A'hT He 6HBa na K'hBTO e"141.

cnopen MeH, e 3aA'hJI)I(HTeJIHO, AOpH C ncaara npenefiperaaro npenynpeaoienaero, qe "enHce cnp'sxmrrepnperapa; ToM: e 51ceH TaK'hB, xanOKa3Ba,

BHHMaTeJIHOTO BqHTaHe B TYKHAHAOBaTa "HCTopH5I" qe HMeHHO CJIeA T03H enH30A sa na OT

430

f. CaAoK

H3qe3Ba OT

pasxa-

aHTHqHH5I HCTOPHK sa OAPHCKH5I AHHaCTHqeH

AOM. IIpe3

CJIeABalI(aTa

429

f.

penoa

AO CHTaJIK B'hB B'hHIIIHO-nOJIHTHqeCKae 6paTOBH5IT My CHH CeBT, KOM:-

'ra aKTHBHOCT na OApHcHTe sexe TO H me HaCJIeAH

npes 424

f. BJIaCTTa na CHTaJIK "HaA OApHcHTe (Thuc.

H HaA OCTaHaJIaTa TpaKH5I"

IV, 101).

B'h3MO)I(HO e, ecrec-

TBeHO, na CTaBa AYMa sa qHCTa CJI)"IaM:HOCT, no CHJIaTa na K05lTO CJIeA

430

f. TYKHAHA He C'h061I(aBa C'h6HTH5I, B KOHTO e )"IacTBaJI

CaAoK,

KaKTO H qe CeBT e 6HJI "HaM:-CHJIHH5IT qOBeK" cJIeA CaMH5I

CHTaJIK H

npenn 429

r., sa KoeTO

PHqHOTO CBeAeHHe na TYKHAHA

npesre BC'hII(HOCT ce OTHaC5I H3(II, 101, 5), 6e3 ofiaxe na e BJI5I147,

138 3a crropa

BlK. All. (/Jail, nOJUlTI1'IeCKa I1CTOPl1l1 , ...

KbAeTO ofiaae

AorrycHaTa

rpewKa

rrpl1 I1HTeprrpeTl1paHeTO Ha TYKI1AI1AOBOTOCBeAeHl1e, 'Ie

cnapramnrre

611JUI 3aAbplKaHI1, sa

TOBa 03HaqaBaJIO "rrpeAI1

na

na

He OTl1AaT rrpa

naps. Cnopen An.

<l>OJI I1Ma

ce A06epaT AO CI1TaJIK". EABa JII1 MOlKe

na

KOJIe6aHl1e, 'Ie B cnysas TyKI1AI1A BI1311pa rrepCI1M:CKl1l1 uap ApTaKCepKC KorOTO 611JIa asnpareaa JIaKeAeMOHCKaTa nenerauna.
139

J, npa
e, xe 11

r Kauapoe,
na
M.

np0l13XOA 11npsn pa311BeT... ,

744,

6eJI.

1: "BepoliTHo

CI1TaJIK me
140 141

e 3HallJI sa Ta311pafiora"; All. (/Jail, nOJII1T11qeCKaI1CTOPl1l1 , ... Taueea, nOJII1T11qeCKaTaAelleHTPaJII13allI111... , 24.

148.

All. (/Jail, nOJII1Tl1qeCKa I1CTOPl1l1 , 148. ...

67

3'hJI B rrOJIe3peHHeTO ira aHTHqHHH HCTOpHK. DHX 6HJIa CKJIOHHana npaeua B'h3MO)KHOCTTa sa raxasa CJIyqaMHocT, aKO rpanasnara JIHHHH Me)K)J;y H3qe3BaHeTO na Ca)J;OK OT H3BOpHTe H noanara na CeBT He ce fienezcenre OT TaKOBa C'h)J;60BHO C'h6HTHe, KaTO npenaBaHeTO Ha rreJIOrrOHeCKHTe rrpaTeHHQH. B Ta3H Bp'h3Ka He H3KmOqBaM CHTaJIK na e 6HJI npaaynen na B3eMe B'h3MO)KHO HaMTe)KKOTO sa e)J;HH fiama )J;'hp)KaBHHqeCKO penrenne - na OTHeMe )KHBOTa na co6CTBeHHH CH CHH, sapana H3B'hprneHa OT Hero )J;'hP)KaBHa H3MHHa142. Taxa peKOHCTpYHpaHaTa cHTyaQHH e noseae OT neosaxaana, HO HMeHHO xpes HeH 6H Momo na 6'h)J;aT paaserena npyrn )J;Be aHTHqHH cBH)J;eTeJICTBa, KOHTO ca 6HJIH neae MHoroxparno 06eKT na )J;HCKYCHH. Ha rrspso MHCTOTYK 6HX m.pnana aHaJIH3a KhM Ka3aHOTOrro OTnomenae T~OBOTO paarpamrxenae na Tepee OT Tepeii. AKo rrpe)J;I10JIO)KeHaTaOT MeH yqacT aa arnacxna rpa)K)J;aHHH H CHH na CHTaJIK, Ca)J;OK, e KOpeKTHa cnpavo peannara acropmecxa caryaQHH, TO TOBa 6H 06HCHHJIOH noasara na npassara "TepeM" aa CorpoKhJI, H na TeTPaJIOrHHTa "IIaH,lJ;HoH" na <I>HJIOKhJI a aTHHCKa CQeHa. n B T03H CJIyqaM napanerrsr Me)K)J;yJIereH,lJ;apHHHTPaKJril:cKIf nap Tepeii, KOMTOH3M C06CTBeHHH CH CHH, pO)J;eHOT Mai1Ka aTHHHHKa, H O)J;PHCKIDI ap CHTaJIK, KOMTOnorytinn co6cTBeHHH CH CHH, aTHHCn KIf rpa)K)J;aHHH, ce nanara OT caao ce6e CH. He MO)Ke)J;aliMa HHKaKBO C'hMHeHHe, qe eBeHTYaJIHO nonofiao c'h6HTHe B O)J;pHCKIDInape142no AYMIfTe na An. <t>OJl MHoro MaCTIfJIOe aaxafieno, aa na ce YCTaHOBIf, " KOJIKOCI1HOBee I1MaJICI1TaJIK 11KaKBOe CTaHaJIOC nix" (All. (/JOll, nOJlI1Tl1qeCKa I1CTOPl1l1... , 151), HO AOKOJIKOTOMIf e 113BeCTHOnOAo6Ha reaa nocera He e sauurraaaaa. Ilo-crapara mrreparypa no asnpoca e nanena OT An. <t>OJl(Ilax TaM), xoirro TBbPAIf, qe "peaJIHa Qll1rypa e eAI1HCTBeH CaAOK, HO TOM He HaCJleAI1J1 ama CI1". nOCJleAHO npernen 11na nO-HOBaTa rnrreparypa e uanpasea 6 OT U. Peter, Op. cit., 78, Anm. 357-358. Cuscex pa3J1I1QHaresa OT BCI1QKO OHOBa,KoeTO sese e aanacano no np06J1eMa, 113J1ara Taseea, nOJlIfTIfQeCKaTa M. AeueHTPaJIIf3aUIf1l ... , 25, fien, 14: ,,3a cMbpTTa na CaAoK MO)l(e na ce TbPCIf y611eu He caMO cpeA OAplfcKIfTe npeTeHAeHTIf 3a BJlaCTTa Ha nOQI1HaJIl1l1B TPI16aJICKI1Te npenerm CI1TaJIK". 3a Cb)l(aJIeHlfe TOQHaTa n03lfUI111 11 HeMHI1Te AOKa3aTeJlCTBaTa see ouie He ca ny6J1I1KYBaHI1 - CpB. Ilax TaM: "no T0311 np06J1eM AOKa3aTeJlCTBaTa MI1 me 6bAaT ny6J1I1KYBaHI1B npyra CTaTl1l1,npaera

aa nesar".

68

KM ,IJ;OM6H 6lUIO IIIOKMpalI(O HOCT 6H HaMeplUIO T03H

aa anrnCKOTO e B'h3MO)l(HO

06lI(ecTBo

H C'hC ClITYPTBOpqeCTBO

OTPa)l(eHHe cJIyqaii

H B JIHTepaTYPHOTO

na

rpan, B TaK'hB

noanara na

CO<pOKJIeBaTa

TPare,IJ;IDI "Tepeii" ,IJ;ae pesyrrrar He OT H)J;eHTH<pHKawrnTa na Tepeii C Tepecl43, KoeTO 6H HMaJIO CBoeTO onpannaane e)J;HHCTBeHO B 6JIH3KO )J;'hJI)l(H TaJIK,

snyaanurre HMeHa na )J;BaMaTa TPaKHiicKM BJIMeTeJIH, a ce na 06lI(aTa ysacr na JIereH)J;apHIDI Tepeii H onpncena CHH )J;BaMaTa norytiana c06cTBeHHTe CH CHHOBe - C'hOTBeTHO
H Ca,IJ;OK. TOBa OT CBOH CTPaHa 6H Morno XpOHOJIOr~eH ,IJ;arrOCJI~H KaTO

Hrac

cTa6HJIeH

opnenrap
e oc06eHO

sa

re HH ,IJ;paMH. II03H:QIDITa

narapaae na IDITepecYBalI(HBa)l(Ha sa MHoro cnopnara xa-

na CO<pOK'hJII44, qJfeTO rrOCTaBHHe cnyaaii nte TPH6Ba,IJ;a ce T'hpCH 3a)J;'hJI)l(HTeJIHO erma CJIe,IJ; KpaH na 430 - HaqaJIOTO na 429 r. np.Xp., a He rropano, KaKTO npennonarar xacr OT H3CJIe,IJ;OBaTeJIHTeI45.
TO ,IJ;aTHpOBKa TPare,IJ;IDI "Tepeii"

na

arancxa

cuena

B TaK'hB

Ha BTOpO MHCTO me HTa Hero

nocona

TeKCTa,

csxpanea cpen

C'hqIDIeHHK'h:M

na

)J;eMOCTeH KaTO rrHCMO

na

$HJIHrr

II ,IJ;OaTHHHHHTeI46.
CH BH)J;, a e

rrsrrro

speae

e rrO,IJ;XO)l(,IJ;aHO He,IJ;OBepHeI47; C

nomepraaanc
npepa-

e, qe "TO He e ,IJ;OIIIJIO,IJ;O Hac B rr'hpBOHaqaJIHHH

143 144

CpB. All. C/JOA, IToJlHTHqeCKa HCTOpHH , 141. ... 3a CI10pa OKOJlOnarapanero na .Tepei;" aa CO<pOKbJl B)f(. G. Mihailov

La legende ..., 91-92. 145 CpB. HaI1p. L. Gernet, In: Melanges Navarre, Toulouse, 1935, 207 sqc (non vidi) - CpB. G. Mihailov, La legende ... , 91. 146 Demosth. Epist. Philip (Croiset), 12,9. 147 CpB. I10-CTapaTa mrreparypa BbPXY I1HCMOTO r Kauapoe, Ilap <l>HJIHf Y II..., 229-230 H 6eJl. I na c. 230, KaKTO H Y T. J(. 3llamKo6cKClfI, B03HHKHOBeHHt rocynapcrsa Y <ppaKHHl(eB. Mocxsa, 1971, 214-215. CI10peLl ArI. <l>OJl IToJlHTHqeCKa HCTOpHH , 151-152 "CaMoTo TOBa I1HCMO e C necarypei ... I1POH3XOLlH anrop H e OT IV B. I1p. H. e., OT enna enoxa, I1pe3 KOHTOxYJlHTe pa3MeHHHH Me)f(LlY ATHHa H <l>HJlHI1 ca BJlH3aJJHB LlH[]J]OMaTHqeCKHHpeqHHI II, rasa, KaKTO H OTKpHTHTe Jlb)f(H". "CBeLleHHeTO BbB <l>HJIHI10BOTOI1HCMO ( KOMI1pOMempaHO H sapana <paKTa,'Ie TYKHLlHLlHe CI10MeHaBa HHlUO aa npespai H sa y6HHCTBO" (ITaK TaM, 151). Ta3H ouenxa e I1peI10BTOpeHa OT J(. Ilonoe TpaKOJlOrHH, 102, KOHTO otiase, I1pH nepeopaaapanero aa TeKCTa AOI1YCKc norasecxa HeTOqHOCT:"CaMHHT TyKHLlHLl He CI10MeHaBa HHlUO sa y6HHCTBO HJI~ aa saronop B O)JJ)HCKHH LlHHaCTHqeCKHLlOM H nonnara aa CbMHeHHe LlaHHHTe 01 I1HCMOTO".

69

60TeHO OT IDIKOH peTOp"148. BOp e B'b3CTaHOBeHO

Hanocnem,x

,lJ;OBepHeTO KbM T03H H3aHaJIH3a ira

finaronaperrae na
K'bM caMHH

N. G. L.
B HerrOCJIeKaTO

Hammond''". B
T'bPCH

rrHCMOTO CH $HJlHrr

06BHHHBa

ATHHa

,lJ;OBaTeJIHO OTHOrneHHe

nero

H K'bM

Kepcefinerrr,

nonxpena

sa CBOHTa resa

B HCTopHHTa

na

O,lJ;pHCKO-aTHHy6HT CH-

CKHTe ,l1;HrrJIOManltIeCKH TaJIK, KOMyTO 6HXTe

KOHTaKTH: " .•. CJIe,lJ;KaTO 6erne

napnna

rrpHHTeJICTBO C HerOBHH y6He

u: ... " 150

rpaaoiaacrso,

senaara na

CKJIIOtIBaTe

CBe,lJ;eHHeTO H3IJIe)l(,lJ;a ()Tpa3HBa HH HCTOpHtIeCKH y6HTHHT "HerOBHHT

CpaBHHTeJIHO KOpeKTHO pean,lJ;BOp. Cnopen MeH

C'b6HTHH B O,11;pHCKHH napcxn

aTHHCKH rpaaotaaaa

yfiaen"

e Ca,lJ;OK, ,,( CHHa aa) CHTaJIK" 151, a I52 e caMHHT CHTaJIK , C KorOTO ATHHa "CKJIIOtI-

sa rrpHHTeJICTBO" penae

CKOPO CJIe,lJ; OBa. T TYKH,lJ;H,lJ; (II, rrpes

Heocnopav
r.

<paKT e,

finaronaCHTaJIK rrsr B

na pasxasa na
r., ome

THHTa OT ca

430 nopemnrre

aTHHCKH

95, 3), tIe cnensanrara 429 rrparenmur. Hemo

caMHHT

"Be,lJ;Hara"

CJIe,lJ; 'b6HC

np.Xp, rrpn
T03H

rrosese,

aTHHCKaTa ,lJ;eJIeraU:AA ysacraa

Xarnoa.

r. Kauapoe, Ilap <l>wum II ..., 230, 6en. 1. NG.L.Hammond, G. T. Griffith, A History of Macedonia. Vol 2. Oxford, 1979,22-25, Koil:To ooa-re C'IHTa, 'Ie HMeTO aa CHTanK e crpeureno H TPSl6Ba na 6bAe 3aMeHeHO C TOBa aa KOTHc I. 150 Bsnrapcsn npeaon ua nHCMOTO e ny6nHKYBaH orne npes 1922 r. OT r. Kauapoe, Ilap <l>HnHn II..., 305-308. 151 Taxa H M. Taueea, ITonHTH'IeCKaTa AeLleHTPanH3aLlHSI.. , 24, 6en. 14. . Bnpoxess, cxonaacr'sr na Apacrotpau csoouiasa sa csinecrsyaanero na
148 149

TBbpAeHHe, (Schol.

cnopen

KoeTO CaAoK ,,6Hn eAHOHMeHHHK aa fiauta Achar.

CH CHTanK"

ad Aristoph. CT. Tonanon

145) -

CpB.

Hasopa sa

TpaKHSI H TPaKHTe, na nnanerens, H snanerenn

152.

Cnopen

CHTanK He e HMe, a npossaure

HCTHHCKOHMe e CapaTOK - CpB. VI AO cpenara

152

em. Tonanoe, Ilneuena

1998, 172-204.

'1HeTO

OT 3eMHTe

na OAPHCKOTO LlapCTBO H rpaHH'IHHTe My lOr03anaAHH

TepHTopHH OT spas na na ATHHa e CbC B CBeAeHHeTO KoeTO narrsnno

CeBT

na IV B.np.H.e. Haii-xecro ce npaexa, I - CpB. nanp. All. (/J01l,

C oficranoaxara

C.,

'Ie "CKnIO'IeHOTO npnarencrso" ITonHTH'IeCKa HCTOpHSI , ...

152: "Ho I.

na <l>HnHnOBOTo nHCMO ce CbAbpll<a H neuto rrpannortorrofiao, ct.anana rrpes

uapysaaero

aa CeBT

To e Cb103bT, KOHTO

aTHHSlHHTe CKnIO'IHnH C aacnemraxa Mell<AYHapOAHO npH3HaHHe." TpaKonorHSI,

aa CHTanK H no T03H Ha'lHH My nana e npenosropena AocnOBHO OT 1(.

Tesara

Ilonoe,

102-103.

70

BMAHO e, C'TpyBa MM ce, xe npennaranara pyKQMH na C'b6MTMHTa, pasarpana xpaa

T)'K HOBa peKOHCT-

ce B OAPMCKMH QapCKM AOM B B HaJIMqHaTa K'bM MOMeHxpea HeH CTaBa B'b3MMeHHo

430

r., ce BrrMCBa 6e3rrpo6JIeMHO

'ra M3BopOBa fiasa.

Henro rronese.

MO)l(HO rta ce rronpena paBeHMH B Ta3M np'ssxa OTHorneHMH npa HO, M3IJIe)l(Aa,

M passere M03aHKaTa OT OTK'bCJIeqHM M HeaHaJIM3 M3IJIe)l(Aa MO)l(e rta ce Ao6aBM ome CBeAeHMe sa OAPMCKO-CKMTCKMTe

cMTyMpaHM B KOHKpeTeH KOHTeKCT aHTMqHM CBeAeHMH. K'bM naneAMH eJIeMeHT - XepoAoToBOTO rrpn OKTaMacaA

CMTaJIK M OKTaMacaA

(Iv, 80).

He e HeB'b3MO)l(AaTM-

na ce e HaMMpaJI He CMTaJIKOB rro ornomeaae penreaae.

6paT, a CMH'bT My CaAOK. Ka3aHOTO rro-rope pOBKaTa na pasxaaa

aa CKMJI He M3KJIlOqBa rrortofiao OT casro ce6e CM sapana

Hanporan.
rro-rope TMHTa OT ornomenne nosnaaa Ma - TO

To ce nanara

ofiocaonanara na e "BM'bKKOMeHTMpa-

rrOTeHQMaJIHaTa B'b3MO)l(HOCT TO3M paaxas

HaT" B CTpYKTYpaTa na XepOAOTOBOTO rrpOM3BeAeHMe CJIeA C'b6M-

430

r. AKO K'bM TOBa ce AOrr'bJIHM M npyrara na OApMCKaTa MCTOPMH, sapana

na ocofieaocr

na CBeAeHMeTO - BepOHTHOCTTa OT HeTOqHOCTM rro cpaKTa, xe

Xeponor

CKMTCKaTa, HO He M OAPMCKaTa IJIeAHa TOqKa rro rrpofine-

npemroncxenara

cMTyaQMH ce oxeprana

KaTO C'bBCeM pe-

aJIHa B'b3MO)l(HOCT.

Hanpaseaa

CMe, M3me)l(Aa npen

eARO CMMrrTOMaTJiqHO

csnna-

AeHMe B c'bA6aTa na ABe "BapBapCKM"

QapCKM ceMeHCTBa - CKMTCKYJITypHO-

KOTO M OAPMCKOTO, KoeTO KaTO qe JIM xapaxrepnaapa HOCTM npes KMH nap

MCTOpJiqeCKMTe TeHAeHQMM B pa3BMTMeTO na 6aJIKaHCKMTe ofim-

V B. rrp. Apaaneirrec,

Xp.

Taxa,

nonofiao

na CKMJI, CMHa na CKMTCM

M CaAOK, CMH'bT na OAPMCKMHnap CMTaJIK, TB'bpAeHMeTo na XepOAOT rro OT-

me na e M30CTaBMJI 6amMHMTe CM 06JiqaM M 'TpaAMQMM. Hsrnexna K'bM Hero me MO)l(e na ce ornece nomenae 06JiqaM HaqMH aa )I(llBOT, a 6MJI MHoro

na CKMJI, qe "HMKaK He ce 3aAOBOJIHBaJI C'bC CKMTCKMH

nonese

CKJIOHeH K'bM rp'suxnre

rropann

B'b3rrMTaHMeTo, KoeTO 6MJI rroJIyqMJI."153 He MO)l(e CMHa CM, nonofino na MC-

na MMa C'bMHeHMe, qe M cec'TpaTa na BMAHMHa6AepMTHHMH HMMcpoAOP, KOHTO e MaHKa na CaAoK, e naysnna

153

Hdt. IV, 78, 3.

71

TPMMKaTa OM'b)l(eHa CM rpan

aa naps

aa CKMTMTe

Apaaneiirec,

"Ha rp'b.QKM

e3MK M na rrMCMeHOCT"154.

06B'bp3aHOCTTa

na Ca,D;OK C MaMqMHMH K'bM MaMqMHMH PO)]; BeHMM<PO)];OP na M3MCKa

Afinepa
cpen

M HerOBOTO rrpM06I.QaBaHe rrO)];6Y)J;MTe na ByMqOTO

POHTHO ca

MMeHHO sa nero

rrOqeTHOTO aTMHCKO rpa)l()J;aHCTBO. CaMMHT Ca)];OK )];0-

OT CB051 CTPaHa He 3aK'bCH5IJI)];a CTaHe peBHOCTeH "aTMH5IHMH", pM C neaara na rrpe)];aTeJICTBO cnpaxo c06CTBeHMH ysacr

CM 6aI.Qa. 3aTOna CKMJI. sapana M3-

sa BepOHTHO M TOM e CrrOJIeT5IH OT rparaxaara I1PM

raxa

osepranara

ce KapTMHa,

HO )];OPM M casro qe "CeBT,

PMqHOTO CBe)];eHMe na TYKM)J;M)J; IV, (

101,5),

CMH na CrraKO-

panox,

ce B'b3.QapMJI Ha)]; O)];pMCMTe M nan OCTaHaJIaTa TpaKMH, BJIaCTTa na CMTaJIK"155, HaCKOpo

5IT0 6MJIa M non Ma JIaHCHpaHaTa

He C'bM CKJIOHHa na npae-

MCTOpMqeCKa peKOHCTPYK.QMH, npennoC'b)];OBe, cnopen

)KeHa B'b3 OCHOBa na Ha)J;IIMCMTe OT Por03eHCKMTe KOHTO CJIe)]; CM'bpTTa

na CMTaJIK HerOBMH CMH Ca)];OK 3aeJI O)];PMC-

KMH rrpeCTOJI M YCTaHOBMJI MMpHM OTHorneHMH na AHaJIM3HpaHMTe TeKCTOBe ca Ba)KHlf M sapana I.Qa ce B nIX MH<popMa.QMH. T~ CKMTe rrparemnta

ceaepoaanan!".

OI.Qeenna C'b)J;'bp)Ka-

TB'bP)J;Mnanpnaep, qe cnapraaB rrpen-

MCKaJIMna y6e)J;HT CMTaJIK ,,)J;a11Mnosrome npeaaaar

CT05lI.Q0T0 II'bTYBaHe)];a na l1Ma

Xenecnonra".

T03M <paKT He MO)Ke O)J;pMCKMHT BJIaAKo K'bM TOBa

npyro

0651CHeHMe, OCBeH -re B HHKaKBa crenen

)];eTeJI e KOHTPOJIMPaJI )J;Blf)KeHMeTO rrpe3

Xenecnonra.

rrpM6aBI1M M CBe)];eHMeTO na XepO)];OT, qe JIaKe)];eMOH.QMTe6MJIM 3aJIOBeHM B DMCaHTe, TO He rrO)J;JIe)KM aa C'bMHeHMe II'bJIHO.QeHHOTO O)J;pMC-

154 Hdt.

IV,

78,

1.
An. <1>OJl, CpB. Hasopa aa Tpaxas If rpasnre,
If rpaoancxe Kotys, 290. nannaca. in honorem nape OT Por03eHCKifTe - In: Studia

155 ITpeBoA aa 156 AA.

C/JOA, OAPlfCKIf

Bexose,
Mihailov.

1986,4,7; Sofia,

AI. Fol,
1995, 183;

Son of Apollo. 1992, 1-2,

G.
aa e CbC If 'Ie

H. Teooocuee,
- MITp,

Tpafianare:

HlIKOIf npofinexn

IfCTOplf'feCKOTo liM passarae. na nnuero CaAoK, CaTOK OT nannacare na oztpncxna

73. Ta31f pexoncrpysuaa

OTXBbpJleHa IfHAlfpeKTHO If OT M. cana uap

Taxesa,

KOllTO He npneua CpB. na

"OTb)J(AeCTBlIBaHeTO 6-542) ITp06JleMif If resara,

BbPXY ABa csna (ana, ClfTaJYK" IfHTepnpeTaUlfll "e

CTaHOBHIlIa no acropaxecxara MITp, 1986, 12, c.I6-17 CaToK OT arenae"

NQ 6-180, M. Taseea, Poroaeacxoro

na

CbKpoBHIlIe. -

If 21. He CbM CKJlOHHaofiaxe na npneva nannacn 6lfJl c06cTBeHlfK If craaoaama ... , 21.

Poroaencsare

rrpoasaexnauioro

- CpB. M. Taueea, ITp06JleMif

72

KO npHC'bCTBHe no Kpaii6pe)l(JfeTO aa XeJIeCnOHfa, Xepconec TpaICHifCKH H none nacr OT ITponOHfH,ll,aI57. B T03H CMHC'bJI OqeBH,ll,HO HenpHeMJIHBO e TB'bp,n:eHHeTO, qe ,,.n:pyraTa QeJI na naps (CHTaJIK 6.M., ,[{. E.) -,n:a ce rrofiepe no H3JIa3 na MOPeTO - csmo He 6HJIa nocrnrnaTa"158. He no-y6e,I(HTeJIHa e H aaase xpacnnara KOHCTpYKQHH, cnopen xosro "H36paHaTa OT CHTaJIK IOr03ana,I(Ha H sananaa nOCOKa na onpacxara B'blllIlHa nOJIHTHKa He e 6HJIa nepcnexraeaa'<"; .rrpa H C'bCCHTaJIK pyxnan OnHT'bT na ce CJIe,I(BaIOr03ana,I(HOTO nanpasneHHe KaTO OCHOBHa nOCOKa sa OC'bru;eCTBHBaHeTOna BOeHHOnOJllfTHqeCKHTe 3a,n:aqIf aa onpacxara .D:hp)l<aBa"160,,n:OKaTO "CeBT 1 omaaasa JIHCTaTa na o.n:pHCKHTenape H BJIa,n:eTeJIH,KOHTOme ,n:eMCTBYBaT rrpe,I(HMHOB IOrOH3TO~OTO aanpasneaae, sa na nOCTHrHaT uenra na CBOsra B'blllIlHa nOJIHTHKa. HanpaBeHHHT OT TIDe H360p e no-cnonysnaa OT CHTaJIKOBHH, 3aru;OTOe nO-C'b06pa3eH C pa3nOJIO)l{eHHeTO na .D:hP)l{aBaTa H C no-rOJIeMHTe H B'b3MO)l{HOCrn na saananee CBOH eCTeCTBeH MOPCKH H3JIa3 npn TpaICHifcKHH XepCOHec"161. BC'bID;HOCT, CHTaJIK npOCTO He e TPH6BaJIo,n:a H36Hpa Me)l{,I(y roroH3TOqHa H IOr03ana,I(Ha nOCOKa na ,n:eMCTBHe.AKo BHpBaMe na Xepo,n:OTH oc06eHO na TYKH.D:H,ll,162, K'bM 430 r, np. Xp. TPaICHifcKHHT roroH3TOK e 6HJI se-re OBJIa,n:HH CHTaJIK H B TaK'bB CJIyqaii e Han'bJIHO OT HOPMaJIHO na ce osaxaa B'blllIlHO-nOJIHTIfqeCKa aKTImHOCT H B IOr03ananna nOCOKa. Ta3H KOHCTaTaQHHnanara OT cauo ce6e CH peBH3HH na QHTHPaHaTa no-rope OQeHKa sa ynpaBJIeHHeTO na CeBT, CHH na Cnapanox, onpenensn B csspeaenaara ncropaorparpaa KaTO CeBT 1163.
157All. C/>Oll, ITOJUlTl1'JecKa I1CTOpml..., 144 orfienaasa, qe "DI1CaHTe Bbo6me He e perncrpapaa B Tpl16yrHI1Te JlI1CTI1rrpena 425/424 r.rrp.H.e. ( ... ) OqeBl1,1:(HO e 611J1o11 B O,l:(PI1CKI1 pt.ue npea 430 r. rrp. H. e, 3amOTO TYK sepoaruo ca apeCTYBaHI1 OT TpaKI1Te cnaprancsare rrpaTeHI1L1I1". 158 ITaK TaM, 150-151. 159 All. C/>Oll, IToJlI1TI1QeCKaI1CTOPl1l1 , 150, cnennaa ,l:(OCJlOBHO T p. Ilonoe, ... O TpaKOJlOrl1l1 102. 160 All. C/>Oll, lJ,I1T.CbQ., 151. 161 ITaK TaM, 153. 162 B>K. TYK rrO-,I:(OJlY 11aHaJII13a KbM Thuc. II, 97, 1. 163 ITo BCI1QKO1130le>K,I:(a, e OLleHKaTa sa I1CTOpl1QeCKaTaoficranosxa Q npa ynpaanennero aa CeBT I, nanena OT M. Taseea (IToJlMTI1QeCKaTa neuearpana3aLlMlI... , 25-27) e rrO-KOpeKTHa crtpsuo KOHKpeTHMTepeaJIHOCTMna KbCHl1l1 V B. rrp. Xp.

73

5.
Thuc.lI, 95: I. OkOAO csuiorno BpeMe, B Ha4aAomo ua rnasu 3UMa [ua 430-429 z.np.Xp.], oqpucsrn Curnaxk.cua Ha Tepec, uap Ha mpakume, ce ornnpabux ua noxog npomuB nepguka, CUH Ha AAekcaHgbp, uap Ha MakegoHwl, U npomuB xaxkuquurne B TpakUJI,aa ga nOAY4u moBa, uto My 6UAO 06eU.\aHo, U ga U3nbAHUCaM cBoemo ofieuiasue. 2. II1MeHHo nepguka B Ha4aAomo Ha BouHarna, koaarno ce HaMupaA B sarnpyqaeuue, My 6UA gaA HJlkakBu 06eU.\aHuJI, ako 20 nOMUpu c arnuaaaurne U He nowaea ua 6pam My CDuAun, kourno My 6UA HenpUJlmeA, ga ce kaxu na MakegoHckUJI npecmox, Tesu 06eU.\aHuJI nepguka ouie He uckax ga U3nbAHU.A nsk caM [Curnaxk] ce HaeA npeg amuaaaurne npu ckAlO4Bauerno na cstoaa c max ga mypu kpau Ha xaxkuqckarna BouHa B Tpakus. 3. nopagu rnesu gBe HeU.\a rnou npeqnpuex noxoga, B kourno B3eA CbC ce6e cu AMuHma, CUHHa CDuAunl64, aa ga 20 ka4U ua MakegoHckuJI npecrnox, U arnuackurne nocxaauuu, koumo rnoaaba 6UAU npu He20 aa OHe3Upafiornu saequo c Xa2HoH, 3aU.\0mo U arnuasuurne mpJl6BaAO ga ce omnpabsm c kopa6u U c kOAkomo e Bb3MO>kHOnO-20MMa Boucka cpeuiy xaxkuquurne, (npeBog Ha A.A. (/)OA, cpB. vl3Bopu ao Tpoku» U mpakume, 28 J).
164 B npesona na An. <l>OJl TOIf "B3eJl CbC ce6e CIf <l>lfJIlfn, CIfH na AMIfHTa", C KoeTO e OlJeBIf):(HOaenopasyaenae. Ct.utara rpeuixa e nosropena npn An. <l>OJl, p. Ilonoe, Xpacroxarus no TPaKOJlOflfH, 200.

74

TOBa, KOeTO HCTMHCKH snesarnaaa TO HJ1H HeB'h3MO)l(HOCTTa re, nopana

B T03H TeKCT e nescenaaae-

na T)'KH,IUf,lJ;,lJ;a 0651CHH KOH ca npHqMHHOTnpaBHJI na nOXO,lJ;npOTHB ITep,lJ;H-

KOHTO CHTaJIK "ce e

xa",

ITp06JIeM'hT

saceraar
My

B T03H nacazc o6rn;a

TPH TI'bTH, HO H B TPHTe

CJIytIa51 e

sarraseaa

MaKCHMaJIHO

H He5lCHa cpOpMyJIHpOBKa: "ITep,lJ;HKa ( ... ) My He OTOT-

,,3a na nOJIytIH

TOBa, mo

6HJ10 ofieutaao"; "Te3H ofiemanna

6HJI ,lJ;aJI H5IKaKBH 06ern;aHH5I; HCKaJI na H3TI'bJIHH". nonrenae KapTHHaTa

ITep,lJ;HKa ome

ce ,lJ;OTI'bJIBaOT aHaJIOfHlIHOTO

K'hM m.npoca

H B Thuc. npen

II, 101,

K'h,lJ;eTOna ,lJ;Barrsra cpOpMyJIHpOBKH:

HOBO CMe H3npaBeHH HaJI nperosopa

eHHrMaT~HH

,,3anOq"KaITo-

C ITep,lJ;HKa OTHOCHO TOBa,

sa

KoeTO BOIOBaJI",

TO He MO)l(eJI na nOCTHrHe ,lJ;06Ha cnryanaa sa nofipa

HHrn;O OT OHOBa, sa KoeTO HaXJIYJI".

H3HeHa,lJ;Ba H C'hBCeM He rromcpena

TB'hp,lJ;eHH5ITa KaTO HC-

HHcpopMHpaHOCT

na T)'KH,lJ;H,lJ; aa KopeKTHOCT H

TOpHK. ITPH TOBa, CTaBa ,lJ;YMa sa C'h6HTH5I, KOHTO ca ce pasarpana B IOr03ana,lJ;Ha TpaKH5I!

Orne

nO-H3HeHa,lJ;Barn;O sa MeH e 06CT05lH3CJIe,lJ;OBaTeJIH He T'hpC5IT 0651CHece npasa, BO-

TeJICTBOTO, qe C'hBpeMeHHHTe

HHe na T03H CTpaHeH cpaKT165. TOBa, KoeTO 06HKHOBeHO e na ce Ha30BaT eHHO HaqMHaHHe, ofieman npermonaraesrare KaTO HaH-qeCTO OTCT'hTIKH na np~HHH ce

aa CHTaJIKOBOTO qe 166.

rrpnesra,

ITep,lJ;HKa 6HJ1

TepHTOpHaJIHH

Onpaceua

165

,[(OKOJ1KOTO MH

H3BeCTHO,

eAHHCTBeHO

M. Taseee
TOM
He

(nOXOAbT

aa

1'paKHMCKHH uap CHTaJ1K... , 06HCHeHHH

5)

oopsrna

H3PHqHO BHHMaHHe aa T03H Q>aKT: ,,3a

Te3H OTHOIlleHHH TyKHAHA He e 6HJ1 HHQ>opMHpaH H 3aTOBa

sa

06eKTa aa cnopa CbJl{O

Me)!{,[(y ABaMaTa uape (CHTaJ1K H TpaKHMCKHHT

,[(.0.)".

CpB.

M. Taueea,

nasa HHKaKBH Ilepnnsa - 6.M., BJ1aAeTeJ1 Cnapanox ..., 62:

Me)!{,[(y

"TYKHAHA ( ... ) He

snae

npHQHHHTe, KOHTO ca npeAnOCTaBHJ1H Bpb3KHTe

Ilepnaxa H CHTaJ1K" 166 Taxa e oure y r. 11. Kauapoe, Ilap lPlfJ1Hn II MaKeAoHcKH, 58, 6eJ1. 2; AA. </JOA, nOJ1HTHQeCKa HCTOPHH, 148-149; M. Taseea, nOXOAbT aa 1'paKHMcKHH uap CHTaJ1K... , 5-6. Ilo-nonpooao e aHaJ1H3HpaHa cHTyaU;HHTa OT M. Taueea, TpaKHMcKHHT BJ1aAeTeJ1Cnapanox ..., 62: "TexHHTe B3aHMOOTHOIlleHHH (Me)!{,[(y Ilepnaxa H CHTaJ1K - 6.M., ,[(.0.) ca CBbp3aHH no HHKaKbB HaQHH C
TepHTOpHaJ1HOTO CbceACTBO, C1'pHMOH H XaJ1KHAHKa CHTaJ1KOBHH nOXOA KaKTO H C BepOHTHaTa 3ary6a KaKTO H .Tpacero Ha 3eMlfTe H uenare KpaM aa OT OApHcHTe",

npes 429

r., H3BeCTHH HH OT TYKHAHA, CTaBaT

sese

nO-HCHH

- sa
pailoaa

Bb3BpbJl{aHeTO

HMeHHO na Te3H

OK0J10 Ilaareti H AOJ1eHC1'pHMOH - 6.M.,

Cnapanosoaa 3eMH (cpe6poA06HBHHTe ,[(.0.)." (OaK TaM, 69).

75

IIpH

H3HCHHBaHe Ha 06CTOHTenCTBaTa OKono Ta3H MaKe~OHOBOHHa na CHTMK H3BeCTHa CBeTnHHa XB'hpnHT rme anKOHTOBHaCHTC'hm;eCTBeHHnorrsnaenna K'hM

xanxancxa

THqHH CB~eTenCTBa, TYKH~~OBHH BHHT cxonnacr:

TeKCT. BmKHH rro~po6HOCTH,

nanpauep, nasa

Hero-

Schol. ad Thuc. II, 95, I: (...) Cxeq kamo nepguka 3aB3eA BAacmma, orncmpaaux 6pam cu CDuAun. A mou, kamo u36J1zaA npu Cumaxk, l\apJ1 Ha mpakume, nouckax ga eo omcmpasu [nepguka] u ga My gage aa aeao BAacmma aa MakegoHume. 111 mou ofieutax. Kamo pasfipax moBa, 6pambm Ha CDuAun Flepquka U3npamuA nparneuuuu npu Curnaxk, kamo My 06ew,aA napu, u mo He MaAko, ako He BbpHe B poquaarna My CDuAun. CkAoHeH om moBa, Cumaxk He BbpHaA B ornevecmborno My CDuAun. A noaeoke nepguka He My ce omnxamux c HUW,O,kakmo 6UA ofieutax, 06J1BUA My BoliHa U My npomuBonocmaBuA cuua na CDUAunBMecmo 6aw,ama. A noseoke U amUHJ1HUme167UMaAUHy>kga om ueao [om Curnaxk], mbli kamo osenpabqaau om xaxkuquurne'f", koumo 6UAU nog Bxacmma aa Flepquka B mpakuuckurne 3eMU U meXHU CbI03HUl\U, npekparnux Bousama [c Arnuaa] U nopagu oaenpafiqaBaaerno om crnpaua Ha nepguka 06J1BuA Bouaa Ha xaxkuquumel69 U Flepquka U kamo au om6AbcHaA, U3AbzaAau ga npexfrspAAm kbM aeeo moBa, koemo UMam, noaeoke U3nbAHUAofieuiauuemo cu kbM amUHJ1HUme.(npeBog na AA. CJ)OA, cpB. v13Bopu 3a TpakuJl U mpakume, 282).
167

OT1YK

no

xpas e nanen

aa CXOlll10Ha Y npeaona na

All. </JOll, J(. Ilonoe,

XpI1CTOMaTI1f1 no

TPaK01l0fl1f1,

200

B.

PYCI1HOB (CpB. I1aK TaM, aa

7):

"A

noaexe sa

11 aTI1HflHI1Te nOI1CKaJJl1 OT Hero XaJJKI1}lI1l.{I1Te, KOI1TO 6111111 non KOI1TOnOHaCfIJIl1 OT crpana fI1 np"TICHe,
168

[OT CI1TaJJK], TbH KOMaH}lYBaHeTo

KaTO nOHaCfIJIH llIeTI1Te

Ilepnaxa, rsx

B TPaKI1HCKI1Te

[aTI1HCKI1] nYHKToBe 11CblO3HI1Te TflM, na npesparn B KoeTO ro 6H11 H311bfaJJ, na CI1 B3eMe ofieuranoro

BOHHaTa [c ATI1Ha] 11llIeTI1Te, OT Hero, a na

aa I1ep}lI1Ka, sa na MO)!(e, KaTO OTMbCTI1 HeMY sa TOBa,

aaxaxe,

KaTO

KaTO no T03H Hal.JI1H113nbllHI1 ofieuianaero na na

CI1 KbM aTI1HflHHTe."

CTOI1

uno
B

npesona npesona

A1I. A1I.

<1>011 "OT XaJJKe}lOHl.{I1Te", HO B TeKCTa aa CXOllHOHa e <1>011 "Ha XaJJKe}lOHl.{HTe", HO B TeKCTa aa CXOlll10Ha e

XUA.KLOEwV. XUA.KLOEWV.

169

CTOI1 KU'tU

76

Bnaronapeane na CXOnMOHa CTaBa 5ICHO,qe HeM3Il'hnHeHMTe OT crpana na IIep,lJ;MKa 06e:w;aHM5I ca B KOHTeKCTa aa C'h6MTM5ITa, paaarpann ce oxono fiopfiara sa MaKe,lJ;OHCKM5I rrpecron Me)I(.JJ:Y CMHOsere aa AneKCaHA'hP I IIepAMKa M <I>MnMIl, M HaMecaTa B Te3M cs6MTM5I na O,lJ;PMCKM5I nap CMTanK. Bnpoxea, Ta3M cMTya~M5I e sararnara M OT CaMM5ITYKM.JJ:M.JJ:, xoirro 065ICH5IBa, qe IIepAMKa e nan Te3M 06e:w;aHM5I na CMTanK "KoraTO ce nasmpan B 3aTPYAHeHMe". Cnopen cxonnacra MaKe,lJ;OHCKM5ITap ofieman aa CMTanK "IlapM, ~ M TO He ManKO, aKO He m.pne B pO,lJ;MHaTaMy <I>MnMIl", HO BIlOCne,lJ;CTBMe "He My ce OTIlnaTMn C HM:W;O,KaKTO 6Mn ofieman". K'hM TOna HeM3Il'hnHeHO OT IIep,lJ;MKa ofieutanae, CXOnMaCT'hT,lJ;06aB5Ioute enna Ilo,lJ;po6HOCT oxono IlPMqMHMTe sa CMTanKOBM5I IlOXO,lJ;OT 429 r. M T5I e cm.paana C BnaCTTa aa IIepAMKa nan xanxmnnrre. B raK'hB CMMC'hn He e M3KmOqeHO IIepAMKa na e ysenasnn rrpen CMranx sanora sa co6CTBeHOTO CM ~apCKO ,lJ;OCTOHHCTBO C ofiemaM HMe sa reparopnanna OTCT'hIlKM B XanKMAMKa. I1MeHHo Ta3M eaenryanua nropa "C'hCTaBKa" OT 06e:w;aHM5ITa aa IIepAMKa K'hM CMranx ce ,lJ;OnaB5I TeKCTa na ,[I:MO,lJ;0P, OiiTO pearapa na He5ICHOTaB K ra B TeKCTa na TYKMAMA:

Diod. XII, 50, 3-4: (...) 3a ga e HaAuu.eJlCeHaa 4UmameAJI pa3kaa, e Heo6xoguMo ga u3mbkHeM npuvusume aa rnaau BouHa. III
mbu, Curnaxk, kamo 6UA B npusmexcku omHOWeHUJI c amUHJlHUme, UM 06ell_\aA ga zu nogkpenu BbB BouHama B Tpakus. Tou nogzomBuA ZOAJIMO koxuuecrnbo Boucka, noueoke >keAaeA c nOMow.ma Ha arnuaaaurne ga nokopu xaxkuquurne. EgHoBpeMeHHo c moBa, Suqeuku HacmpoeH Bpa>kge6Ho kbM uapa Ha MakegoHu.ume nepguka, Curnaxk peuiux ga nocmaBu Ha MakegoHckuJI npecmox AMuHmac, CUH na Cl)uAun. III mbu, nopagu cnoeaeaamume gBe npuvuau, rnou mpJl6BaAo ga csfiepe ZOAJIMa Boucka. (npeBog na M. AAekcueBa, cpB. M. Ta'ieBa, 1J.. oomeBa, XpucmOMamUJl no mpakoAozUJI, I I I). 51CHM5ITpasxaa 6e3 C'hMHeHMe e nanane, HO TyK ,[I:MO,lJ;OP na IlpaKTMKa He nasa csmecrsena MH<pOPM~, pasnasna OT Ka3aHOTO OT TYKMAMA. ,[I:BeTe IlOCOqeHM OT ,[I:MO,lJ;0P IlPMqMHM sa BoeHHOTO HaqMHaHMe aa CMTanK ca C'h:W;MTe,KOMTOcsoriutasa M TYKMAM.JJ:

77

npas

TeKCT - aHfIDKMMeHT'hT

na CMTaJIK K'hM ATMHa

aasrecara
npn Tyaa ,[(MO-

My B MaKe,lJ;OHCKaTa Me)l(,lJ;yoc06Ml~a.

TOBa, KOeTO nMIICBa

KM,lJ;M)1; KaTO He)1;BYCMMCneHa KOHCTaTa:QJUI e TB'hp,lJ;eHMeTO

nop,

qe CMTaJIK ,,)I(enaen

C nossonrra nan

aa

aTMHmIMTe na rrOKOpM XaJI-

KM.LUJ:MTe". MMeHHO

"BnaCTTa

XaJIKM)1;:QJITe" ce rr051B51Ba KaTO B3aMMOOTHOrneHM5l M

npofinesr

B 6aJIKaHCKMTe

rrOnMTMqeCKM

npa

CXOnMaCTa na TyKM)1;M)1;. Ka3aHOTO ,lJ;OTyK 6M Morno na M3qeprrM

m.npoca,

aKO He 6erne

M3PJlqHM5l TeKCT na TYKM)1;M)1;, e CMTaJIK ,,)1;'hP)l(aJI XaJIKM)1;MKa, 60q TMKa M MaKe,lJ;OHM51 M fOPJlqHOTO

ra

orrycronraaan",

Cne)1;BaH sennara

OT xare-

raspneaae:

.Karno He Mo>keA ga nocmuaae HU140 om ouoba, aa koemo HaXAYAmyk, U Bouckama My HAMaAagocmamb4Ho xpasa U cmpagaAa om 3UMama, 6uA npugyMaH om CeBm, CUH Ha Cnapagok, koumo My 6UA 6pamoB CUHU aau-cuxauarn 40Bek cAeg CaMUAHe20, ga ce 3aBbpHe no-6bp30."170
M3nM3a, "He TYK", ra, MO)l(en qe CMTaJIK na rrOCTMfHe e ",lJ;'hP)l(aJI XaJIKM)1;MKa" HMm;O OT OHOBa, M

m.npesa
6Mn

TOBa

sa

KoeTO

naxnyn

a TOBa KaTO qe na

nporasopesa

na ,lJ;aHHMTe M na cxonaac-

M na ,[(MO,lJ;0p. B'h3MO)l(eH

M3XO,lJ;OT Ta3M

cnryanaa

e na

npae-

MeM, qe B'hrrpeKM rr051BaTa CM C MHOfOXMnMHa xa, CMTaJIK He e YCII5ln na rrpMHYM

BOMCKa B XaJIKM,l1;M-

XaJIKM)1;IJ;MTena My ce norrra-

H5lT. KaKBOTO ce M na e

pemenaero
rro

na TO3M

npofineu,

He 6M Morno m.rrpoca

na

ocnopa,

qe HaqMH'hT,

xoiiro

TyKM,!1;M)1; PeTMpa T

sa
TOM

OTHOrneHM5lTa B M3BeCTHa "HCTOpM5l"

Me)l(,l1;y CMTaJIK M IIep,lJ;MKa, e He casro KOMrrpOMeTMpa

crpaaen;

CTerreH

,lJ;OCTOMHcTBaTa Ha HefOBaTa

KaTO M3BOP

sa

TpaKMMCKMTe

nena,

170 Thuc.

11,101,5; npeson aa An.

<t>OJI,CpB. I13BOPH sa

Tpaxas

H 1paKHTe,

286.

78

6.
Thuc. II,96: I. Kozamo norneexux om ogpuckama 3eMJI,mou [Curnaxk] BguzHaA aau-aanpeq Bcuukume >kuBeew,u Me>kgy nxauuaarna XeMYc U Pogona mpaku, Hag koumo BAacmBaA 4ak go Mopemo - go EBkcUHCkuJInOHm U go Xexecnoama, nocxe aernume omBbg XeMYc U BCU4ku gpyzu nAeMeHa, koumo HaceAJIBaAU 3eMume orncaw pekama II1cmpoc, no kbM EBkcUHCkuJI nOHm. remume U gpyzume nAeMeHa no m03U kpau ca cbcegu CbC ckumume U ca Bbopb>keHu kamo max; BCU4ku ca kOHHULI,U-CmpeALI,u. 2. ToO nobukax U MH03UHa om nxaauackume He3aBucuMu mpaku, koumo ca Me4eHOCLl,U ce aapusam guu; nobexemo om max >kuU Beam B Pogona. EgHU om max y6eguA, kamo UM ofieuiax sanzarna, a gpyzu ao nocAegBaAu g06poBoAHO. 3. OcBeH moBa Curnaxk BguzHaA U aepuasume, U xeeurne, U BCU4ku gpyzu neoucku nxeMeHa, Hag koumo BAacmByBaA. Te 6UAU kpauuurne uapoqu Ha BAaqeauarna My 4ak go xeeurne, go neoaurne!", u go pekama CmpuMOH, koarno usbupa om nxaauaama CkOM6bP u me-re npe3 cmpauama na aapuauurne u Aeeumel72, ce npocrnupaxa BAacmma My
171 B npenona aa AlI. <l>OJlCTOH "OT neOHHTe", KoeTO 6e3 CbMHeHHe e nexarna rpeuixa (CpB. I-bBOPH 3a TpaKHH H TPaKHTe, 282). 172 Ha TOBa MHCTOB npesona na An. <l>OJl m.seneaa fienexxa C KOMeHTap e 3a pa3HO'leTeHHHTa B Ko):(eKCHTe.Te3H pa3HO'leTeHHH BO):(HT KOJle6aHHe npn ):(0 eTHOHHMaarpaann, KOHTOce cpeura B e):(HH-e):(HHCTBeHsxonac, sa pa3J1HKaOT p eTHOHHMarpaaaoa, H3nHcaH BbB BCH'IKHOCTaHaJIHneser xonesca. ITp06J1eMbT e pasrnenau no):(p06HO OT K. Boschnakov, Der Feldzug des Odrysenbasileus Sitalkes in dem Thukydidischen Codex Palat. Gr. 252 (E). - Thracia 11 (= Studia in honorem AI. Fol). S., 1995,277-288.

79

omkbM Be4e He3aBucUMUme neOHU. 4". KbM crnpaaarna Ha mpu6aAurne, koumo Cb140 ca He3aBucUMU, BAageHuJlma My ce OZpaHU4aBaAU om mpepume U rnuxarneume: me >kuBeJlm Ha ceBep om nxauuuama CkOM6bP U ua sanaq gocmuzam go peka Ockuu, koarno usbupa om cstuarna nAaHUHa,ornksqemo usfiuparn Hecmoc U Xe6poc. Ta3U nAaHUHa e He06umaeMa, ZOMMa U e cBbp3aHa c Pogona. 97, 1-2: I. Ogpuckomo uapcmbo ce npocrnupaxo nokpau Mopemo om zpaga A6gepa kbM EBkcUHCkuJIFloarn go ycmuemo Ha peka II1cmpoc. Tasu 6pezoBa AUHUJI o>ke ga ce 06ukoAU c wuM pok moBapeH kopa6 no Hau-kbCUJInsm aa 4emupu gHU U rnoxkoBa H014U, ako Bee nOCmOJlHHOnonsrnea BJlmbp. no cywa 06a4e aau-npabua nsm om A6gepa go II1cmpoc g06bp neuiexoqeu U3BbpBJlBa aa equaaqecem gHU. 2. TakaBa e ZOAeMUHamana uapcrnBomo omkbM Mopemo. B cmpaaarna pa3CmOJlHUemOom 6u3aHmuon go Aeeume U go CmpUMoH (kbgemo e uau-omqaxe-reaama BbmpewHa mo-rka om Mopemo) ce B3eMa om qofisp newexoge~ aa mpuHagecem gHU. (npeBog Ha AA. (/)0", cpB. LtI3Bopu 3a TpakufI U mpakume, 282-283). TeKCT'hT e nocrar-ssno scea, sa na ce H)')K,lJ;ae OT npocrpanen KOMeHTap. Bee nax, RjlKOH OT neromrre ,n;aHHH ca OT rrspsocrerrenna Ba)KHOCT H 3aTOBa e He06xo,n;HMO ,n;a6'h,n;aT ,n;on'hJIHHTeJIHO

nomeprann. Erma JIH e CJI)":IaHHO nanpmrep, "lie cnopen T)'KH,ll;H,ll;sa ysacrne B noxona cpemy XaJIKH,ll;HKa H MaKe,n;oHAA npes 429 r., CHTaJIK
"B,n;HrHaJI naii-aanpen BCH"lIKHTe )KHBeern;H Me)K,ll;y nJIaHHHaTa XeMyC H Ponona TPaKH, Ha,ll;KOHTO BJIaCTBaJI"lIaK no MopeTo - no EBKCHHCKHHIIoHT H,n;O XeJIeCnOHTa". T03H TeKCT nasa OCHOBaHHe sa JIOKaJIH3HpaHe Ha o,n;pHcKaTa nJIeMeHHa TepHTopAA HMeHHO B npocrpancrsoro Me)K,ll;y XeMYc H Ponona 173, T'hH KaTO e Han'hJIHO
173 BbPXY reparopas ITHcTHPOC, I, IOroH3TO'lHa 3Ha'leHHeTO na T03H nacax sa JIOKaJIH3HpaHe aa nJIeMeHHaTa

na OApHCHTe seve e 06bPHaJI BHHMaHHe M. J!.OMapaOCKU, EMnopHOH

29:

"OT Ka3aHOTO nocera ce BH)!(Aa, 'Ie OApHCHTe, JIOKaJIH3HpaHH B

TpaKHlI,

opraaasapar rrspxaea,

'IHHTO BJIaAeTeJIH HMaT pe3HAeHKaTO OApHCKa. B no-

L{HlI B spas aa V B. aa reparopas,

KOllTO He e onpenensna

80

eCTeCTBeHO IIPlf IIo,n;06HO BOeHHO HalflfHaHlfe na II'hPBO M5ICTO na CBOlfTe C'hIIJIeMeHHlfQlf, e IIOKopeHa pa craryra IIO-rOJI5IMaTa lJaCT OT

ClfTMK resn,

na pas-nrra

C lJIlJITOno MOrn;

Tpaxas.

OIIlfCBaMKlf

C'hCTaBa na ClfTaJIKOBaTa apMlf5I, TyKH,[IM.r:I,[Ie<plfHlfna xerapa paamrma IIOII'hJIHeHlf5II74: 1) "TpaKIfTe, nan

KOlfTO BJIaCTBaJI"; mrre" nro IIJIaHlfHCKlf

2)

"IIoBlfKaHlfTe" 3aIIJIaTa",

IIJIaHlfHCKlf He3aBHCIfMlf rpaT.e. HaeMHlfQH; OT neaanacavare

Klf, na KOlfTO "TOM ofiernan POBOJIHO", T.e. C'h103HlfQlf; ,,6e3 na rlf xaan, BHlfMaHlfe

3) .rrosaxarpaxa, KO-

nesaaacnaa rpasn.xonro
4)
onesa ro IIOCJIe,n;BaJIlf sapann

"ro IIOCJIe,[lBaJIH ,n;06-

rpaoex"!".
e He06xo,[lIfMO na ce no MCTpOC If OT

3apa,n;lf H5IKOlf KOJIe6aHlf5I B rnrreparypara ofrspae nevaaara H na naxana, na ClfTaJIKOBaTa no CTPlfMOH.

IIO KOMTO TyKH,D;If,D; rrpencrass roOT

m.pxasa:

Afinepa

Ensanraon

He 6lf Tp5l6BaJIO na HMa C'bMHeIDIe, lJe ,n;lfarOHaJIa na QapcTBOT0176 - OTIOr03a-

TyK ca oIIpe,n;eJIeHlf nnara nan na ceneponsrox lJeM, KpaMHlf5lT IIO retreanero

If OT IOrOlf3TOK aa

aanan/ceaepoaanan,

BIIpO-

ceseposanan

na rrspzcasara

TyK peMHO He rtpn-

C'hCTBa. AKO B5IpBaMe na

Tysnnan,

TOM 6lf Tp5l6BMO na ce T'hpCH OT XeMYC, HaM-Bep05lTHO IIPlf na

na OCKlfM cesepao ce "pOCTpaHCTBO"

M5ICTOTOna BJIlfBaHe na rasa

peKa B I1cTPOC. IIpaBH nnesarneaae

csmo "ry6ern;oTo
CTPaHa rasa

30Ha e ,n;e<plfHlfpaHa lJpe3

aanan-rorosanan, OT enna Afinepa, OTK'b,[leTOna H3TOK

"O,n;PlfCKOTO napcrao

ce IIpOCTlfpaJIO IIOKpaM MopeTO", a OTnpyra

KbCHO speue

TSI aexe e npH'IHCJlSlBaHa KbM fiecxara.

TYKHJJ:H)l, osopeaxn r

sa

L(apCTBOTO na CHTaJlK, oT6eJlSl3Ba " ... BCH'IKHTe )I(HBeemH uara

MelK,[(YnJlaHHHHTe cnryauns B

XeMYc H POJJ:onHTPaKH, HaJJ:KOHTOBJlaCTBaJI .. " (II, 96), T.e. He onpenens nIX. nJIeMeHHa npHHaJJ:JIe)l(HOCT.AHaJlH3bT aa apxeonoraxecsara HH3HHa me novorne fopHOTPaKIIHCKaTa sa H3S1CHSIBaHea nopomorara ce JJ:IIa

neva."
174

M. Taueea,

IloxOJJ:bT na TPaKHHCKIISI uap CIITaJlK ... ,

ofiocoriana caMS

TpH

H3TO'lHHKa

sa

norrsnaane

na

CHTaJlKOBaTa

apMHSI: OnbJllJeHHeTO B ce 3apaJJ:H

nOJJ:BJlaCTHHTena naps nJISI'IKa H rpatiezc.

175

3eMH, 'IHeTO nacenenne

6HJIO 3aJJ:bJIlKeHO aoeaaa C

nOBHHHOCTKbM Hero; HaeMHa BOHCKa; JJ:06POBOJIHO npncsennnanare Ta3H nOCJleJJ:Ha xareropaa

yqacTHHL(H B CHTaJlKOBHSInOXO)lca nOCO'leHH

OT TYKHJJ:HJJ: npyro MSiCTOB TeKCTa - CpB. Thuc. II, 98, 3. na 176 3a JJ:PYro MHeHHe CpB. Jf6. BeHeOUl(06, TpaKHHCKaTa TonOHIIMIISI ...,

39.

81

qpe3

peKaTa

CTPHMOH,

Kb,Il;eTO e HaH-OT,Il;aJIeqeHaTa

BbTPellIHa

TOqKa OT MOpeTO. OqeBH,Il;HO e, CJIe,Il;OBaTeJIHO, qe KpaH6pe)l(HeTO OT CTPHMOH C AM<pHnOJIHC ,Il;O Afinepa H3TOqHO OT

Hecroc

CbC

paHOH na IIaHfeH He e 6HJIO nO,Il;BJIaCTHOna CHI77 TaJIKOBaTa BOJIH . TOBa OT CBOH CTPaHa 06HCHHBa, samo npa H36pOHBaHe na yqacTHHIJ;HTe csofiutasa B nOXO,Il;a na CHTaJIK OT

cpe6po,Il;o6HBHHH

429

r. T)'KHAHA OT BO-

PO,Il;OnHTe KaTO IO)I(Ha rpamma TepHTopHH. H3pmHOTO

na ,,3acerHaTaTa"

eHHHTe npHrOTOBJIeHHH TeKcTbT

e 3HaqHM H sapann

yrosneaae,

qe CHTaJIK

e BJIaCTBaJI nan TpaKHTe qaK ,Il;OEBKCHHCKHH nOHT H ,Il;OXeJIeCnOHTa. KaKTo qaBa caxo H na ce TbJIK)'Ba e,Il;HO: npea TOBa CBe,Il;eHHe, TO 6H Morno r. CHTaJIK CbC carypnocr na 03HaHe npocKOHTa ,Il;O-

429

aexe

TO e HMaJI H3JIa3 na Mope, pOJI BKJIlOqHTeJIHO BbPXY pa H BbPXY IIpoJIHBHTe.

HO HaH-BepOHTHO e HMaJI peanen (qaCTH OT) B nonxpena

Xepconec

TpaKHHCKH,

na T03H H3BO,Il; e H TBbp,Il;eO,Il;PHCKOTO IJ;apCTBO ce IIoHT ,Il;OyCTHe-

HHeTO na TYKHAH,Il;, qe "noKpaH npOCTHPaJIO "OT rpana TO aa

MopeTo"

pexa

I1CTPOC". e B m.nen

Afinepa KbM EBKCHHCKHH Taxa oxepranara TepHTopHH

na CHTaJIKOBa-

'ra m.pzcaaa PO,Il;OTBbB

CHHXPOH C Ka3aHOTO H OT T)'KHAH,Il;, H OT Xe-

spr.sxa Heofixomoaa e

CbC

peBH3HH aa

cnaprancxoro npaTeHHqeCTBO npea 430 r. csurecraysamara OIJ;eHKa sa ynpaBe 6HJIO ,Il;OCTano-npoa e H 6HJIO 3HaqHce

JIeHHeTO na CHTaJIK, TbH KaTO TO aarnexna ,Il;bJI)I(HTeJIHO OTKOJIKOTO nocera TeJIHO no-ycnenmo,

nonycxanre,

OTKOJIKOTO nocera

CMe CH npe,Il;CTaBHJIH. Ornpea

pOMHaTa BOHcKa, KOHTO CHTaJIK YCTIHBa na csfiepe e,Il;HOcepaosao YKa3aHHe

429

r., e

aa H3KJIlOqHTeJIHO ycneuraara

My sasoect.ofi-

BaTeJIHa nOJIHTHKa ,Il;OT03H MOMeHT. BHPHO e, qe

unrppara,

mena

OT TYKHAH,Il; - "KaKTO ce

pasxasaa,

IJ;HJIaTa My BOHCKa CTaHa-

JIa He nO-MaJIKa OT CTO H nernecer

XHJIH,Il;H,Il;YIIIH"

(II, 98, 3) -

H3-

mexna
"nOBeqe

CHJIHO npeysemorena.

,[{HO,Il;0P, KOHTO CJIe,Il;Ba paamrma

HCTOpHqeCKa Tpa,Il;HIJ;HH, csofiutana OT CTO H nsanecer XHJIMH

orne

nO-BHYIllHTeJIHH

,Il;aHHH XHJIH-

neXOTHHIJ;H H nernecer

,Il;H KOHHHUH" (XII,

50, 3).

ECTecTBeHO,

He CMe ,Il;J1b)l(HH,Il;a sspsa-

Me aa HHTO enaa OT rasa

IJ;HTHpaHHTe IJ;H<PPH.TpH6Ba

ofiaxe

na OT-

177

CpB. M. Taueea, TpaKl1l1cKI1HT snaneren Cnapanox ..., 68-69.

82

qeTeM, qe raxasa neren, JIe. xoiiro

rpaH,l1;IW3Ha noiicxa

He 6H MOr'bJI na

csfiepe

BJIa-

He e ,!l;OKa3aJI ce6e

CH MHorOKpaTHO

na 60M:HOTO rro-

3a C'b)l(aJIeHHe,

CHJIHHTe CHTaJIKOBH rO,!l;HHH,

nopa

,!l;eCeTHJIe-

TH5I, ca OCTaHaJIH HeOCBeTeHH KoeTO re ca HH C'b06lI{HJIH

sa

Hac OT rnmreunrre

eJIHHH. TOBa,

ce OTHaC5I e,!l;HHCTBeHO sa rrOCJIe,!l;HHTe H )l(HBOTa MY,

H}lKOJIKO rO,!l;HHH OT HH ofiase xa

ynpannemrero

npes

KOHTO rona-

CHTaJIK e TP5I6BaJIO na r.) H

(429

nopa

na

nperrrsrne ropsaanna na neycnerropaxemrero (424 r.). Ilopann Ta3H npnxana rrpHeMHHKa OT CH r.

na He crrO,!l;eJI5IMTB'bp,!l;eHHeTO, qe "TOM: saaenran CeBT

I rrpH,!l;06HBKH,

OT KOHTO TOM:pa3YMHO H CMeJIO ce B'b3rr0JI3YC

BaJI"178. HarrpOTHB. "Tp5l6Ba

npaso

ce HaCT05lBa, qe noxom.r

429

na e ,!l;OBeJI no csoara

rOJI5IMO HKOHOMIfqeCKO H3TOrn;eHHe KaKTO H qe "HeycrreIIIHH5IT OMaJIOMOrn;HJI rrspacasara

nopn
rro-

caxo nopann

Marn;a6HocT",

XO,!l;B XaJIKH,!l;HKa He casro

MY, HO H cs-

,!l;eM:CTBaJIBep05lTHO sa saryfiara

rra O,!l;PHCKH5IrrOJIHTHqeCKH aBTO-

pHTeT H OTTern5lHeTO na He3aBHCHMHTe TPaKH OT BoeHHOTO HaqHHaHHe cpern;y xoraro TPH6aJIHTe, 3aB'bpIIIHJIO C

nopaxeaae npes 424 Cnapanox,

r.,

CHTaJIK rrOqHHaJI"

179. B TaK'bB CMHC'bJI HaCJIe,!l;CTBOTO,KOCH CeBT, CHH na e

eTO CHTaJIK

saaeman

na

npaeunaxa

6eJI5I3aHO rrO-CKOpO C'bC 3apO,!l;HIIIa H B'bHIIIHOH B'bTPeIIIHO-rrOJIHTHqeCKa

rrspsrrre
onacana

K'bJIHOBe na ezma

HeCTa6HJIHOCT, xoaro

me

no-

sene CKOPO cnen TOBa no CHTY<llIMma, rrO-K'bCHO OT CeBT, qHH: CHH na

OKOJIOqeTB'bpT BeK na-

Mccan,

rro CJIe,!l;HH5IKpaCHOpeqHB

"Mecag 6ewe Moli 6al.ll,a u nog ueaoba BAacm ce HaMupaxa MeAaHgumume, muuurne u rnpaauncurne: HO l.lI,OMMOZbl.ll,ecmBomo aa ogpucume 3anagHa, fiauia MU 6e U3ZOHeHom mas 3eMSl u yMpJl om 6oAecm, a nsk aa 6J1x omexeqas kamo cupak npu cezaurHUJluap Megok" (Xenoph., Anab. VII, 2, 32).180
<POll, ITOJII1TI1'1eCKa I1CTOpml..., 150. Taueea, ITOJII1TI1'1eCKaTa neueHYpaJII13aUI1H .•. , 24. 180Ilpeson aa M. Map-rea, CpB. Kcenofionm, I1cTopl1'1eCKI1 Cb'lI1HeHI1H. c., 1984, 178. 3a Ta311 cl1TyaUI1H B)I(. 11 M. Taueee, ITOJII1TI1'1eCKaTa neueHYpaJIH3aUHH ... , 25-27. 178 All. 179 M.

83

IIpeWIO)l(eHlUIT "CbA6aTa

TyK anarms

na H3BOpOBllTe AaHHH BJIaCT na

onposepraB

sa orne eAHO KJIlO'IOBO TBbpAeHHe

nOHCKaJIa

B pOAHaTa HCTOPHOrpa<pH5I:

Tepecosara

npeanne

psnere

na

ApyrH5I My HaCJIeAHHK, CHTaJIK, MaKap H na My OTPeAllJIa nO-MaJIKO Bb3MO)l(HOCTH H IIIaHC sa ycnex."181 Ee3 CbMHeHHe, B OCHOBaHe ca OTt a na TOBa MHeHHe CTOH 06CT05lTeJICTBOTO, 'Ie nocera HeTO na

KpHTH MOHeTH C HMeTO na CHTaJIK, a cpaBHeHHeTO C MOHeTOCe'Ie-

Cnapanos, npyms

TepeCOB CHH, KaTO 'Ie JIH OMaJIOBa)l(aCbM, 'Ie KOJIe6aHH5ITa xoraro - Aaif, Eo-

aa CHTaJIKOBHTe nOCTJl)I(eHH5I182. Y6eAeHa npH oneaxara 'ra oztpacxa )l(e! - 6bAe pexoncrpynpaaa HCTOPH51.Torasa BHOCKHTe na ceaepnoereticxnre na JIHnCa B cnact.rnrre IIIHO-nOJIHTH'IeCKH Pe310MHpaifKH panao cxpenena pacrra

na T03H BJIaAeTeJI nte ornannar,

aAeKBaTHo XpOHOJIOrH5lTa na panname CTaHe 51CHO,'Ie HaMaJI5IBaHeTO na KOJIOHHH B xasnara e cm-psano na ATHHCKOBbH-

,[(eJIOCKH5I MOPCKH Cb103, a B OTAeJIHH rOAHHH - AOpH T5IXHaTa rrsnsa <popoca, C ycneIIIHHTe Ha'IHHaHH5I HMeHHO na CHTaJIK183. Ka3aHOTO AOTYK, MO)l(e na ce pexoacrpynpa

CJIeAHaTa KapTHHa sa CHTaJIKOBOTO ynpaaneane. 3acBHAeTeJICTBaHO OT onpenenenn BbHIIIHO-nOJIHTH'IeCKO noronopenocra C MapKHpaHo

Herosoro
Afinepa,

Haife

Ha'IHHaHHe

KOHTO ca na BHA-

C AHHaCTH'IeH fipax

Me)l()l;y CHTaJIK H cecrpara

HH5I a6AepHT5IHHH HHM<pOAOP. Ha fiasara na TeXHH5I CHH CaAOK, AaTHpoBKaTa

OK.

na H3'IHCJIeHlI51 sa Bb3na Te3H OTHOIIIeHH5I ce na AaHHHTe OT npe-

osepraaa

450

r. np. Xp.

Hsmexna

C nouonrra

aTHHCKHTe TPH6YTHH CnHCbIJ;H, rOAHHaTa me MO)l(e na ce <pHKcHpa BbB npevero AH aenocpencrseno CJIeA 454/3 H nenocpencraeno

45211,
181

xoraro

e AOKYMeHTHpaHa rrspsara
TpaKI1M:CKIUIT BJ1a)],eTeJ1Cnapanox 6e

pssxa npOM5IHa B pas... , 69. caao

np03BI1IUe OT HaM:-MHoro6poM:-

M. Taueea,

182 Hanocnem.x

riaucapaua

cuenara

resa,

'Ie CI1TaJJK e n03HaTO

ua snanerena,
183Ilpneaa )],aHb'lHO TIo)],06Ha TIOJlI1Tl1'1eCKa

)],OKaTO HerOBOTO I1Me e CapaTOK,

HI1Te 11npO)],bJllKI1TeJlHO Ce'leHI1 paHHI1 TPaKI1M:CKI1 MOHeTI1 - CpB. TIJ1eMeHa 11BJla)],eTeJlI1 OT 3eMl1Te ce, 'Ie nbpBI1HT

aa

O)]'PI1CKOTO

Cm. Tonanoe, uapcrso ... , 172-204.

norosop

MelKil.y ATI1Ha 11O)]'pI1CI1Te

sa

)],BOM:HOTO

ofinaraue

aa

Te311 K0J10HI1I1, e CKJ1IO'IeH OT

Cnapanox e

CpB.

An.
OT

<l>OJl,

I1CTOPI1H, cit.,

143-144
MelK)],y

CJ1e)],BaH OT ATI1Ha 11

Il. Ilonoe,

TpaK0J10rl1f1,

98.
Chr.

)],orOBopeHOCT Op.

Cnapanox

orpexeaa

Veligianni,

150.

84

Mepa na CYMaTa, nnamana OT Afinepa B C'h103HaTa Xa3Ha. Ille peqe, K'hM 453/2-452/1 f. np. Xp. onpacxo-atinepcsnar P;OfOBOP HaM-Bep05lTHO e 6HJI se-re <paKT. CJIep;Ba ep;HH nOqTH nsanecer fop;HIIIeH nepaon na CHTaJIKOBO ynpaaneane, xoero OCTaBa sa Hac KaTO Han'hJIHO 651JIOnOJIe B onpncsara HCTOPH51. O:>Kecaao na npennonaraae, M qe HaqHHaHH5ITa, KOHTO ca ro H3n'hJIBaJIH C'hC csrrspzcamre, ca CB'hp3aHH C TepHTOPHaJIHOTO pasurapenne na rrspzcasara. IIpe3 429 f. T5I me 6'hp;e 3aCBHp;en:JICTBaHa se-re C BneqaTJI5IBam: ofixsar. ,1J;Be fO)J;HHHnpeP;HTOBa, npe3 431 f. OP;PHCKOTOlJ,apCTBOse-re ce e rrpem-paano B o6eKT na CnelJ,HaJIeH HHTepeC OT nHIIIem:HTe eJIHHH sapana CKJIIOqeHH5I P;OfOBOP C ATHHa. 3a CaMH5I CHTaJIK ofiase, T03H P;OfOBOP 6HJI C'hC C'hMHHTeJIHa CTOMHOCT,nopann KoeTO TOM OqeBH,ll;HOHe e 6'hp3aJI na H3n'hJIHH noernre 3ap;'hJI:>KeHH5I K'hM ATHHa. 3a CMeTKa na TOBa, B Kpa51 na JI5ITOTOna 430 f. CHTaJIKOBH5IT CHH Canox ce p;OKa3Ba KaTO peBHocTeH aTHHCKH rpa:>Kp;aHHH, noen nepCOHaJIHa OTfOBOPHOCT sa npenasanero na cnaprancsnre nparemum B P'huere na aTHH5IHHTe. Eanumoro Hep;OBOJICTBOOT nonofino penreHHe H3me)l(,ll;a npnayacnaaa CHH'hTna H3651fa B CKHTH5I npH OKTaMacap;. B 3apOp;HJIH5I ce OP;PHCKO-CKHTCKHKOH<pJIHKT, nOBOp; sa KOMTOCTaBa 651fCTBOTOna CKHTCKH5Inap CKHJI B TpaKH5I, CHTaJIK nonysaaa CHHa CH ofiparno, sa na ro eJIHMHHHpa 3aBHHafH OT onPHCKH5I npeCTOJI. IIpe3 429 f. aa onpncxara nOJIHTlfqeCKa cuena nte ce n05IBH CeBT I, KOMTOnpe3 424 f. me HaCJIe,ll;HCHTaJIKOBaTa BJIaCT"Ha.,Il;Op;pHCHTeH Hap; OCTaHaJIaTaTpaKIDl" (Thuc. IV, 101,5).

85

4acm Bmopa
np06AEMV1 HA TPAKV1V1CKATA KYATYPA

I1oCJIe,n;HOTO neceranerne r06pOHHM Orpa¢M5:I, MOHOrpa¢M'IHM

na

XX

B. CTaHa CBll,IJ;eTeJI na MHOMCTOPM-

M3CJIe,n;BaHM5:I a 6'hJIrapCKaTa n

na TpaKMHCKaTa KyJITypa 1. I1oBe'IeTO OT T5:lX OCTaBaT B paMKMTe na IIOCTIDKeHM5:lTa na CBOMTe aBTOpa OT BpeMeTO na nnere 6JIeCT5:I:W;M ,n;eCeTMJIeTM5:I pa3BMTMeTO na B TpaKOJIOrM5:1Ta - 70-Te M 80-Te rO,n;MHM na ornaaasanraa XX BeK2. MMCJI5:I, 'Ie H5:1Ma,n;acrperna aKO xazca, 'Ie yceutanero sa ,,6YKCYBaIIOCBeTeHM KOHKpeTHO
I He. BeHeOUKOB, Paxaanero na fioroaere. C., 1992; CbU{UJlm, TpaKl1llCKOTO CbKpOBl1llle OT J1eTHl1ua. C., 1996; All. (/J01l, TpaKl1llCKl1l1T ,ll,110HI1C.Knara rrspsa: 3arpell. C., 1991; Kaura nropa: Ca6a3l1ll. C., 1994; Csuuerr, XI1MHI1Te na Oprpell. c., 1995; CbU{UJlm, Tpaxnticxara xynrypa, Ka3aHO11npesrsnsano. c., 19982; He. Mapa30B, Bl1lll1Ml1l1T MI1T: 113KYCTBO11 MI1TOJIOrHlI. C., 1992; CbU{UJlm, MI1TOJIOrHlI na YpaKI1Te. C., 1994; CbUIUJlm, MI1TOJIOrHlI na 3JIaTOTO. C., 1994; II. flonoB, Bor'sr C MHoro I1MeHa. C., 1995; B. ]J03aHoBa-CmaHlJeBa, MI1TOpl1TyaJIHl1l1TKOMnJIeKCna YpaKl1llCKI1TeKOTl1TI1I1.C., 1993. 2All. (/J01l, TpaKl1llCKl1l1TOprpl13bM. C., 1986; CbUIUJlm, IIoJII1TI1Ka 11synrypa B ,ll,peBHa Tpaxas. C., 1990; He. Mapa30B, MI1T, pnryan 11113KYCTBO YpaKI1Te. Y C., 1992 (MoHorparpl1l1Ta e npenaneua sa nesar npes Mall 1986 r.); Il. Ilonoe, Tpaxnacxara 60rHHlI Bennana. C., 1981; CbU{UJlm, 3aJIMOKCI1C.PeJIl1rHlI 11 ofiuiecrno aa TpaKI1Te. C., 1989. Cpen 6e3CnOpHI1Te nOCTI1)1(eHl1l1npn npoyxeaaero aa rpaxaiicxara peJII1rH03HOCT npes T0311 )lBalleCeTrOIlI1IIIeH nepnon e 11KHl1raTa na M. Taueea-Xumoea, Hcropna na 113TOQHI1Te YJITOBeB K ,ll,OJIHa MI13111111 Tpaxas (V B.np.H.e. - VI B. OT H.e.). C., 1982, CpB. 11 M.Tacheva-Hitova, Eastern Cults in Moesia Inferior and Thracia (5th c. B.C.4th c. A.D.), Leiden 1983.

87

He" sanoxaa

,IJ:aTpeBO)l(H MHcnHTe na nee rrosexe na onHTH

xonern,

,IJ:OKa3aB'hPXy

TenCTBO sa KoeTO e H noanara

sa HOB nomen

npofineaarmcara".
OCMen5lBaM ce ,IJ:acnO,IJ:en51 CB051npounr BHTe CBe,IJ:eHH5Isa TPaKHHCKaTa xynrypa, HOBH rrsrnma na naysno P05lTHH5I mane, na qaCT OT Xep0,IJ:OTOHe sa ,IJ:a060CHOBaBaM 6H,IJ:eHKH npena asropnre-

,IJ:HpeHe, a sa ,IJ:ace B'h3nOn3BaM OT neneHO He cnensam

KOHTO HH ,IJ:aBa TPaKOnOrH5ITa4, T'hpCem;O paanaxaa,

BCHqKO HaqHH na MHcneHe, ynaacasant, TH. TOBa e MHcneHe, QH5I na BCHqKO onoaa, nH H sarmcana,

TpaKHHCKa, mrreprrpera-

KoeTO ,IJ:peBHHTe enHHH H pHMn5lHH ca xasa-

a ,IJ:OpHH na TOBa, KoeTO re ca

npesrsmarra",

sa

TpaKHHCKaTa ,IJ:peBHocT.

npovnr.

K. Pa6aO:JICUeB, EJllfHCKIf C., 2000 (p'sxonac);

MlfcTeplf1f B TpaKIfH. On 1fT sa apxeonornsecxa

A.

EOlllHaKOBa,

K.

EOlllHaKOB,

E3lfKbT

na

ofipasare

B naMeTHIfUIfTe na TPaKIfHCKaTa xyrrrypa. KOHTO enarosrapa

- MIfHaJlO,

4 I1MaM npenaan, a He "TpaKO]]OfIfH",

eCTeCTBeHO, OHa31f TPaKO]]OflfH,

2000, 2, 5-24. KOHTOpaxna opnranana, 19982.

Cb3L(aL(eHIf sexe, BIfCOKOKa'leCTBeHIf sa C.,

BpeMeTO CIf, a If sa L(eCeTIf]]eTIfH nanpea, 06pa3UIf. 5 CpB. An. <1>0]],TpaKIfHCKaTa xynrypa, Ka3aHO If rrpesrsnuano.

88

I.
Hdt. IV, 33, 5 - 34, I: 33, S. - - - A CaMU.Rmaa 3Ha.R,4e ce npaBu cAegHomo ueuio, CXOgHO c m03U cBeU\eH ofiuvau: mpakuuckurne U neoackurne >keHu, koaarno npuaacarn >kepmBa Ha uapuua Apmerauqa, u3BbpwBam >kepmBonpUHoweHuemo He 6e3 skurnsu cmb6Aa. 34, I. Flpovee 3Ha.R,4e me npafiarn maka - - (npeBog na V1B.BeHegukoB u A DOJlg.>kueB, cpB. V13Bopu 3a 'ucmopuJlma na Tpaku» u mpakume. C, 1981,203).
B 6bJIrapCKaTa ra peJIHrHH HCTOPIWrpa<p1u1 no np06JIeMHTe na rpaxnacxa-

neue

ce e YCTaHOBHJIO KaTerOpHqHOTO y6e)l(,IJ;eHHe, qe IIpe3 rO,!J;HHHTeaa MoeTO CTyB Ta3H rrocycetnanero, ofipasa CTaBa

QeHTPaJIHa n03HQHH BbB BHpBaHHHTa na TpaKHMcKoTO HaCeJIeHHe e saesrarra BeJIHKaTa 60rHHH-MaMKa6. ,IJ;eHTCTBo, a H CJIe,IJ; OBa, H as HenOKOJIe6HMO napsax T TaHoBKa7. Ilocrenenao ofiase sanoxna ,IJ;ace nanara qe KOHKpeTHo sa TpaKHH H3BOpHTe narpaxnar na e,IJ;Ha MqaAll

no-cxopo

1'}Ea KaTO

BbPXOBHO )l(eHCKO 60)l(eCTBo.

6 CpB. uanp. AA. (/)0/1, Tpaxniicsara xyrrrypa ... , 97-130; J(. nOn08, 3aJIMOKCI1C , 120-131; B. JI03wI08a-CmaH'le8a, ... MI1TOPI1TYaJIHl1l1TKOMTIJIeKC , pas... sim; B)!(. iii 8. <l>OJI,3a6paBeHaTa cseraua. C., 1996, 78 C 6eJI. 28 11UI1T. TaM

rmreparypa. 7 J(. Bomeea, TpaKO-neJIaCfI1HCKa anreprrperanas

npestrorp'suxara

aa HlIKOI1 CIO)!(eTI1 OT MlilTOJIOrl1l1.- B: BTOPI1 BI1ClIl CeMI1HapApeBHOCT 11ct.spexae.

C., 1985, 38-49.

89

,Il;YMa sa 60)l(eCTBeHa uepcanqnrsanas, K051TO e He TOJIKOBa 1JEeX 1l~'tllP, MJIM Mntpot; 1JEWV, HMTO rrsx caxo I10THMH TepOH8. B T'hpCeHeTO na nO-TOqHa ,Il;e<pMHMU;MHa HeMHMH xapaxrep nonans nax na CBe,Il;eHMe,KoeTO cnope,Il; MeH e permo na BJIe3e B'hB BceKM e,Il;MHyqe6HMK. CTaBa ,IJ;yMasa MH<popMaU;MHTana rpY3MHCKMH MepOMOHax Ieopra B ,;>KMTMe na Ieoprn Cseroropeu", KoeTO ce OTHaC51sa esnsecKM npaKTMKM B TIJIaHMHaTa ATOH na XaJIKM,Il;IfqecKMH nOJIyocTPOB npe3 XI B.9 B )l(MTMeTO ce TB'hP,Il;M,qe no speaero, xoraro Ieoprn Cseroropen 6MJI B ATOHCKMH rpY3MHCKM MaHaCTMp, ,,60praJIM, napiorana CKJIaBM" onte CJI~eJIM na "e,Il;MH M,Il;OJI, paMopeH, M306paM 351Ba:w; cena", KOMTO6MJI OCTaHaJI "OT ornaananma spesreaa". C'hBz peMeHHMTe rpY3MHCKM MCTOPMu;Mca xareropmnn, qe Te3M ,,6opraJIM" ca BC'h:rn;HOCT 6'hJIrapcKM CJIaBHHM,KOMTOca )l(MBMM B'hB BJIa,IJ;eHlHITa na fpY3MHCKMH MaHacrnplO. Ilopana Ta3M rrpmnna ce rrpneMa, qe CTaBa ,IJ;yMasa CJIaBHHCKO)l(eHCKO 60)l(eCTBO nO,Il;06HO na )lfuaa rrpa sanamorre CJIaB51HM ocofieno na MOKOIli npa M3TOqHMTe11. M Heo6xo,Il;MMO e nee nax na ce nonxeprae, xe cnopen anropa na )KHTMeTo, KOMTO MMa JIIfqHM Ha6mo,Il;eHM51 B'hPXy BJIa,Il;eHM51Ta na nOCOqeHMH ATOHCKM MaHacTMp M e C'hBpeMeHHMK na onacamrre C'h6MTMH, M,Il;OJI'hT,OCTaHaJI "OT OT,Il;aBHaIllHM speaeaa" e MpaMopen. E,Il;Ba JIM MO)l(e na MMa C'hMHeHMe, qe TOBa onacaane BM3Mpa
8 CpB. Hanp. /18. Mapa308, Bpa4aHCKIlliT HaKOJleHHIlK. ., 1982, 72-82. C Pa3JlIl4eH, He CbBceM fieacnopea, acnexr aa Bennxara 60fllHlI OT T031l na bOrHHlI-MaHKa, e 1l3Be,[(eHna npenes nnan OT W Heick, Betrachtungen zur GroBen Gottin und den ihr verbundenen Gottheiten. (= Religion und Kultur der alten Mittelmeerwelt in Parallelforschungen. Bd. 2). Miinchen und Wien, 1971, passim. )J,oCTaHe04aKBaHOsa MeHe H CJle/lHOTO spneane na B. XeJlK (Op.cit., rs 69, n. 45): "Mindestens fiir den Ostmittelmeerraum ist aber eine Jagdherrin, wie noch zu zeigen ist, nicht belegt: die "Herrin der Tiere" ist eine aus einer Stelle bei Homer (wo Artemis gemeint ist) herausinterpretierte Gottheit, deren Wirklichkeit sehr zweifelhaft ist; Artemis kommt aus Thrakien." 9 JJ. Llunuaose, bbJlfapCKa esasecsa 60fllHlI OT XI B. cnopen e/lHH rpY31lHCKH 1l3BOp.- Hllp, 1960, 2, 86-89 10 Ilax TaM, 87, Kb/leTO npo<j> .51. Llanuanse nOCO'-IBa, e TOBa MHeHHece . 4 cnonens Il OTaxan. A.r.llIaHH/l3e. 11 A. Cmouuee, )!{eHcKO 60JKeCTBO. - B: Bt.nrapcxa MIlTOJlOrHlI. EHllHKJlOne)l1l4eHpesun«. C., 1994, 119.

90

BC'hrn:HOCT aHTMqHa MpaMOpHa sa, e

CTaTYH. B'snpocsr, xoiiro B'h3HMKsa spt.sxara Me)l());Y C'hrn:HOCTTa na 60fMHHTa M aHTpOnOMOp<PHOTO H: M306pa)l(eHMe. B'h3MO)l(HO e, pasfiapa ce, HOBO));OIlInOTO CJIaBHHCKO nacenenae na e B'h3npMeJIO 3aBapeHMH MpaMOpeH M)J;OJI KaTO ro e M3n'hJIHMJIO C HOBO, CJIaBHHCKO, csrrspxarrne. Ho cnopen MeH nO-BepOHTHa e peKOHCTpYK.QIDITa, r'spceura feOpfM na ATOH. na esnaecxara 60fMHH ca npencraseKYJIT npM KOpeHMTe na OnMCaHMH OT HepOMOHaX BHpBaHMH OT paiiona aHTMqHMTe peJIMfM03HM

<I>YHK.QMOHaJIHMTeseprn HM MaKCMMaJIHO HCHO xpes

));YMMTe na CaMMTe ,,60PfaJIM":

"Cl\bHL\e U gb>kg U Bcakakbo go6po aa HaCHU ce ga8a om HeJl, mbU kamo rna UMa 81\acm ga gapy8a CMbpm U >ku8om, kOMymo

ncokexae"

12. C'hrn:HOCT e ));On'hJIHeHa M npa ci.aera na ,,60pfaJIM" -

HeHHaTa 're K'hM Ieoprn

Caeroropen:

.Ako uckaw ga ce 8bpHew C ycnex 8b8 8CU4ku cbou pa6omu, nOMOI\U ce na Hawama 602UHJI, aa ga mu nOM02He npeg uapa" 13. Hanpaaeaa
CMe, OqeBM));HO, npen M)J;eHTa sa YHMBepCaJIHaTa M BCeBJIaCTBarn:a 60)l(eCTBeHOCT, B'hTIJI'hTeHa B )l(eHCKM 06pa314. OT CBOH CTPaHa HanOMHH sa XepO));OTOBaTa KOHTO, HaH-BepOHTHO, POf03eHcKoTo "ApTeMM));a TOBa

uapaua",

e M306pa3eHa B'hPXY KaHMqKa N!~ 155 OT C'hKpoBMrn:eI4a, M na KOHTO ca nOCBeTeHM CJIe));Barn:M-

're penose.
fl. Iluuuaose. ~IfT. Cbq., 88. Ilax TaM, 88-89. Ilpaeaa ce, qe TeKCTbT Blf3lfpa BIf3aHTIfI1:cKIf» IfMnepaTOp. 14 CpB. M. Rostovtze[f, Le culte de la Grande Deesse dans la Russie Meridionale. - REG 32, 1919,467: .Cette Grande Deesse n'etait point exclusivement une deesse-mere, devenue la deesse des forces productives de la nature, la norvic STJPWVet la mere des dieux; eIIe etait aussi une deesse-reine, une deesse des tribus, des Etats et des viIIes, une deesse politique et militaire". 14a B)K. 116. Mapa306, EOfIfH»Ta, ssneuta JlbBl1ua. Kannssa Ng 155 OT Porosencsoro csxponaure, - I13K)'CTBO1988, 1, 34 CJI.; T. CmOJlH06, 3a IfHTepnperaunara na KaHlfqKa N!~ 155 OT Porosencxoro csspoaaure - Apxeonorna, 1991,4,21-34.
12 13

91

npUl\o>keHue

N~ 1*

H~KOV1ACnEKTV1 HA KYATA KbM APTEMV1M 6A3V1AE~

(no nOBO,IJ;

Hdt. IV, 33, 5)

Hdt. IV, 33, 5: ... oloa OE aU1:0e; 1:0U"COtcrl roiot ipoiot 1:00E 1t01EU!lEVOV 1tpOcr<pEp£e;, 1:(Xe;8p1l1Kiae; Kat 1:ae; Flmoviom; yuva1Kae;, E1tEaV 1'}Urocrl TU 'AP1:£f.ll01 TU ~acrlAlli1J, OUK aVEu 1tUpWV KaAa!llle; Epooucrae; 1:a ipo, XQ, s: Kat 1:au1:a !lEV (1) 1:au1:ae; oloa , 1tOlEucrae;, ... 15
113BecTHO e, qe n'hpBOTO CTY,IJ;HHHO H3CJIe)J,BaHe na nporp. Xp.

M.
rrpes

,lJ;aHoB CJIe,IJ; 3alI(HTaTa

na ,IJ;OKTOpCKaTa ,IJ;HCepTall,HH B'hB BHeHa na XepO,IJ;OT H HerOBHTe CBe,IJ;eHHH sa

1932

r.

e nOCBeTeHO

TpaKHH

H TpaKHTeI6•

B CTY,IJ;HHTa y6e,IJ;eHO

ce TB'hP,IJ;H, qe onncaaa-

• CTaHUlTa "HlIKOH acnexru na KYJlTa KbM ApTeMHAa Basanea (no no BOA Hdt IV, 33, 5)" e ny6JlHKYBaHa B lubilaeus II. 106HJleeH C60PHHK B nauer aa npodi, XPI1CTO M. AaHoB. C. 1999, 178-182. 6eJle)!(KHTe, AaAeHH C aCTepI1CK, ca nO-KbCHO norrsmreane KbM 113CJleABaHeTO. 15lJ,I1TaTbT e no 113AaHI1eTO C. Hude, Herodoti Historiae, Vol. I. na 16 Xp. jJ,Q/-106, Xeponor KaTO 113BOPsa I1CTOpl1l1Tana Tpasna, MaKeAOHl1l1,

92

HT OT XepOp;OT ,,~epTBeH 06HqaH na neOHCKHTe )l(eHH (Iv, 33) roBOpH TBbPp;e Hep;BycMHCJIeHO sa JIIfqHH aafinroneuas no Te3H MecTa"17. CnOp;eJIHM TOBa MHeHHe na YBa)l(aBaHHH 106HJIHP H CH n03~ BOJIHBaM na My nOCBeTH HaCTOmIJ:HHTeKCT ,KOHTO ce OCHOBaBa BbPXY HOB npOqHT na Xeponorosara HH<popMa:QIDI sa Apresmna-

..

napaua.

***
CeMaHTHQHHHT aHaJIH3 na Xep0P;OTOBaTa JIeKCHKa B csenenaeTO sa KYJITa KbM Aprevana ba3HJIeH npn TpaKHHCKHTe H neOHCKH're )l(eHH (Iv, 33, 5) p;OKa3Ba HeCbCTOHTeJIHOCTTa na nerosara HHrepnperanna B csapenenaara HCTOPHOrpa<pHH, HO H oxepraaa AAKOH OT aCneKTHTe na T03H KYJIT. B JIHTepaTypaTa ce HaCTOHBa narrpmrep, Qe nponexnamrre ira 19 TapreJIHOH (vecen, KOHTO orrosaps no ceramnaa xaneanap na npesrero MaH-IOHH) beH)J;Hp;HH ca cBbp3alill C )l(eTBaTa; p;OKa3BaJIO ce OT "pa3Ka3a na Xeponor sa TpaKHHCKHTe H neOHCKH )l(elill, KOHTO npHHaCHT zcepran na 60rnAATa Aprexrana-napmta HJIH ira Eenp;Hp;a, KaTO 06BHBaT naposere CH B nIIIeHIfqHa CJIaMa" 18. C omen ceMaHTHKaTa na Xep0P;OTOBaTa JIeKCHKa Hey6ep;HTeJIHO 3BYQH H CJIep;nara <P0PMYJIHpOBKa: "B nacasca H3pmHO ce rosopa, qe TpaKHHCKHTe H neOHCKHTe )l(elill nonaacsr naponere CH na Apreaana-uapnua YBHTH B nruemoma CJIaMa. :>KHrOTOe B OTJImeH napaJIeJIH3bM C rrpencrasara sa nnonoponaero, nereraunara, H306HJIHeTO"19.
OeOHlUI I1 3ana,[(HOTO lIepHOMOpl1e. - rcy, 11<l><l>, 32, 1936, 8-106. CTY,[(l1l1Tae BKJIlOlJeHa B ny6J1I1KysaHl111HaCKOpo C60PHl1K C 113BOpOBe,[(CKI113CJle,[(BaHI111 1 na nporp. Xp.Jlanoe, TpaKI1HCKO 113BOp03HaHl1e. BeJlI1KO TbPHOBO, 1998, 7-46. 17 Xp.Jlanoe, Tpaxaiicxo 113BOp03HaHl1e, 16 . •• B C60pHl1Ka lubilaeus II ca ny6J1I1KYBaHI1 MaTepl1aJJl1TeOT YHI1BepCI1TeTCKl1l1CI1Mn03I1YM, rtposenea na 15 MaH 1998 no cnysati 90-T1111pcxnen nen na npodi, Xp. ,lJ,aHoB. B nepnona, koraro C60pHl1Ka B lJeCT ua YB3)KaBaHl1l1 !0611J1l1p ce nonrorasure sa nexar, npodi. ,lJ,aHoB noaaua. Taxa C60PHl1KbT C rexcroae, KOI1TOca My "nO'[(HeCeHI1" npnzome, 6e ornesarau B aerosa naver. 181(. [Jon06, TpaKI1HCKaTa 60rl1HlI Bennana. c., 1981, 54. 19 OaK TaM, 23. BI1)1(B ct.utns CMI1CbJl1(. Ilonoe, BeJlI1KaTa 60fHHlI-MaHKaBenmma. - B: TpaKHHCKI1 nerenna. C., 1981, 135: "He3aBI1CI1MO OT liJaKTa ,[(aJJH

93

H5IKOJIKOca 06CT05lTeJICTBaTa, KOHTOnpaB5IT nO):(06HH TBbP):(eHH5I HenpHeMJIHBH. Ha n'bpBO MHCTO me nocona <paKTa, qe Xepo):(OTronopa sa )I(HTHa CJIaMa (1tUPWV KUAaf.lll), a He sa )l(HTO (01 rrupoi) HJIH sa )l(HTHH KJIaCOBe (1tUPWV a'tuxuE~).CJIe):(oBaTeJIHO BH3HpaHOTO npeve CbC CHrypHOCT He e )l(eTBapCKO BpeMe, 3alQOTO H3IJIe)l():(a HeBep05lTHO no apeue na )l(bTBa "L(apHIJ,aTa" na e napasana CbC CJIaMa, a He C KJIaCOBe. Caxrara yuorpefia na )l(HTHH cTe6JIa npH Te3H )l(epTBOnpHHOIIIeHH5I roaopn OT enna CTPaHa, qe CTaBa ):(YMa sa BpeMe, xoraro e MHHaJIa He cauo )l(bTBaTa, HO H BbpIIlHT6aTa, a OT npyra - 're ()I(HTHHTe cTe6JIa - 6.M.) TPY):(HOMOrar na 6b):(aT "B OTJIWIeH napaJIeJIH3bM C npencrasara sa nnonopO):(HeTO, aereranaara, H306HJIHeTO." Bropara yronopxa e no OTHOIIIeHHe .y-racrnero" na nIIIeHWIHHTe cTe6JIa B )l(epTBOnpHHOIIIeHH5ITa sa Apresrana-napaua. IlosTH lI,5IJIaTa6bJIrapCKa HCTOPHorpa<pH5I rosopa aa nO):(HaC5IHena napOBe ,,)'BHTH B nIIIeHHqHa CJIaMa"20, HO e):(HOBHHMaTeJIHO BIJIe)l(nane B TeKCTa na XepO):(OT nOKa3Ba, qe aHTHqHH5IT HCTOPHK He e
Aprevana-uapaua orroaaps na Eeanana, OTKbCbT nana Bb3MOlKHOCT na ce .o:OJlOBI1,'Ie Tll nparexasa xaxecraara aa erma 60[J1Hll na BereTaUI111Ta 11 nnonoponaero", KaKTO 11 /1.. Ilonoe, Bennana. - B: Kparxa eHUI1KJ10ne.o:l111 Tpaxnricsa .o:peBHOCT.c., 1993,35: .Xeponor [VI (sic ?), 33] (...) aep, CbI.QO I1Ma npensan erma BeJlI1Ka 60[J1Hll na MeCTHOTOaacenenne. Ta ce CBbp3Ba C l1.o:ellTa 3a nJIO.o:opo.o:l1eTonopa.o:l1 no.o:HeCeHI1Te H yBI1TI1 B nrneHI1'1Ha CJlaMa napose". Ees rrexarnara rpeurxa npa onpenensne nacaxa aa Xeponor, T0311 TeKCT ce nosrapa 11 B /1.. Ilonoe, Bennnna. - B: Bsnrapcxa MI1TOJl0[J111. EHUI1KJlOne.o:l1'1eH pe'lHI1K. C., 1994, 22. 20 All. C/JOIl, nOJlI1TI1'1eCKa I1CTOPI111a TPaKI1Te. c., 1972, 50; r Muxaiinoe, n TpaKI1Te. 1972, 229; K. Bnaxoe, TpaKI1HCKaTa peJlI1[J111no e311KOBI1.o:aHHI1.rcy, <t>KH<t>, 76, 1, 1982 (1986), 21: "lKI1THaTa CJIaMa, C KOllTO ca YBbp3aHI1 CBeI.QeHI1Tenapose, npaaacann B HeHHa '1eCT"; /1.. Ilonoe, TpaKI1HCKaTa 60[J1Hll Beanana, 16, 23, 30; /18. Mapa308, MI1T, pnryan 11 113KYCTBO TPaKI1Te. C., Y 1992, 233; B. H03aHo8a-CmaHlJe8a, MI1To-pI1TyanHI111T KOMnJleKC aa TPaKI1HCKI1Te KOTl1T11I1. C., 1993, 212; /1.. Ilonoe, Bennana. - B: Kparxa eHUI1KJ10ne.o:I111, (= ,[1,. Ilonoa, Beanana. - B: Bsnrapcxa MI1TOJl0rl111,22); T. 35 CmOJlH08, ApTeMI1.o:a. - B: Kparxa eHUI1KJ10ne.o:I111,25; /1.. Komoea, TecMo<jJopI1I1Te: lKeHCKI1 npa3HI1'1eH KOMnJleKC. C., 1995, 120; Z. Goceva, La religion thrace et l' Asie Mineure - Le culte de la Grande Deesse- Mere. - In: The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilizations. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Thracology. Vol. I. Bucharest, 1997, 402.

94

yro-nnm

H3PHqHO, qe napoaere

na TpaKHMCKHTe H rreOHCKHTe )l(e-

HH ca 06BHTH B )l(HTHH cTe6JIa, KaKTO TOBa e CTOpeHO na nsa rro OTHOIIIeHHe napoaere na

rrsra

'Ca ipa EVbf:bf:f.U£VU EV nupwv KUAalJ.1J).

e MaKCHMaJIHO ofima H He yroanaaa HHTe cTe6JIa ca ysacrnana CTBeHOTO, KoeTO ap'ssxa

xnnepfiopeare (Hdt. IV, 33, 1; 33,4:

I1paBH HaHCTHHa nne-

qaTJIeHHe, qe XepO,!l;OTOBaTa cpOpMyJIHpOBKa sa

Apreaana-uapana
E,!l;HH-

rro KaK'bB TOqHO HaqHH )l(HT-

B HeMHHTe )l(epTBOrrpHHOllieHIDI. HCTOPHK Ka3Ba

BC'b:rn;HOCT aHTHqHH5!T

e, qe Te3H )l(epTBOrrpHHOIIIeHH5!

B Ta3H He ca 6e3 )l(HTHH cTe6JIa21.

CaMOTO BKJIIOqBaHe na )l(HTHHTe cTe6JIa qe e TB1>p,!l;eHeo6HqaMHO

H HMeHHO TOBa,

npa napose asmexna,

sa fiorone

Be-

e npasanara, na-

rrOpa,!l;H K05!TO Xep0,!l;OT rr05!CH5!Ba, qe OCBeH pone

xaneptiopeiiciorre

sa ,lJ,eJIOC, )l(HTHHTe cTe6JIa ce H3rrOJI3BaT H rrpH )l(epTBOrrpHHOIIIeHH5!Ta na rpaxaacxare H rreOHCKHTe )l(eHH22.

Hsrnexna,

JIHrrCaTa na YTOqHeHHe sa

nasnna,

rro KOMTO )l(HTHHHe ce

re cTe6JIa ysacrsar

B )l(epTBOrrpHHOllieHIDITa

sa .Llapauara"

,!l;'bJI)l(Hna cpaKTa, qe XepO,!l;OT He nosnaaa

rrOCOqeHHTe OT Hero pe-

21 BCH'lKH CbmeCTYBamH npeaonn aa pa3rJ1elK):(aHOTO CBe):(eHHeOTPa351BaT Ta3H HeYTO'lHeHOCTB XepO):(OTOBH5I TeKCT- CpB. nanp, 113BopH sa HCTOpH5ITa na TpaKH5I H TPaKHTe. c., 1981, 203: "H3BbplllBaT lKepTBOnpHHOllleHHeTO He 6e3 lKHTHHcTe6JIa" (npeson na MB. BeHe):(HKoBH L(. D05l):(lKHeB);M3BOPHsa crapara HCTOPH5I reorpadms na TpaKH5I H MaKe):(oHH5I. c., 1949, 18: "He nO):(HaC5IT H naposere CH 6e3 nurenusaa CJIaMa" (npeson na r. Kauapos H D. Iepon); XepO):(OT, MCTOpH5I. lIacT nropa. Ilpeson OT craporpt.uxx Il. L(HMHTPOB. C., 1990, 18: "lKepTBeHHTe napose ( ... ) mrxora He ca 6e3 lKHTHH CTb6JIa"; Herodotus. English translation by A. de Selincourt (Peguin Classics): " the women there ( ... ) always bring wheat-straw with their offerings.; English translation by G. Rawlinson: "they ( ... ) bring wheaten straw always with their offer-

mgs.;
22 Cnopen Il. Komoea (lJ,HT. Cb'l., 137) ,,'ta ipa na TPaKHHKHTe Xeponor npuaexna KaTOnapanen sa TaHHHTexanepfiopeiicxu napose, yBHTH B nurena-ma

CJIaMa". J1eKCHKaJIHaTa ceMaHTHKa aa TeKCTa KaTO U5lJIO ofia-re, MH naaa OCHOBaHHe na MHCJI5I, 'le BH3HpaHaTa OT Xeponor 06mHocT MelK):(y xanepfiopeiicsare napose H lKepTBonpHHOllleHH5ITa aa TPaKHHKHTeH neOHKHTe ce OTHaC5Ie):(HHCTBeHO Y'laCTHeTo aa lKHTHHTe cTe6JIa B Te3H peJIHrH03HH ):(0 npaKTHKH. L(pyr e m-npocsr, se npHHaC5IHHTena Apreauna-uapaua lKepTBH 6Hxa MOrJIHna 6b):(aT "CbOTHOCHMHC appTJ'ta (aeuia, 3a KOHTOHe ce rosopn), nocenn na Tecuorpopaare" (Ilax TaM, 137), HO sa TOBa He pasnonaraae C KaTerOpH'lHH H3BOPOBH):(aHHH.

95

nHrH03HH rrsrn

npaKTHKH.

H anpoTHB *•• . A HTHqHHHT

HCTOPHK Ha ABa

H3p~HO

nOCOqBa, xe snae KaKBO npaB5IT TPaKHI1:cKHTe H neB'hBe)l()];a OTKnOHeHHeTO sa ApTeMH,l1;a C Hero TOH yrroTpe6HBa xacr

OHCKHTe )l(eHH: xoraro rnarona naxaaa,

Ea-

3HneH H KoraTO npHKnH)qBa

AByKpaTHo A TOBa 03na

d&w. Ouie

5IK06H AOKa3a, qe ronsua OT anropa

OT cBeAeHHHTa

na XepOAOT sa IOr03anaAHa qe npoaaenara )l(HTHHTe crefina

TpaKHH ca no aBToncHH23. naKOH~HOCT B qeCT

sa yxacrnero

B )l(epTBOnpHHorneHHHTa

pHUa MO)l(e na 6'hAe 06HCHeHa C nezcenanaero sese sa THX. 3a np~HHHTe ranaest. ITo ananoraa CaMOTpaKHHCKHTe Ka6HpH

ua Apreaana-uaMy na pasxaxe noMO)l(e

sa TOBa My neacenanae HanpHMep,

caxo
na

na na

C XepOAOTOBaTa n03HUHH no oraonrenae HnH no ornourerrae

Tee-

MO<popHHTe, e B'h3MO)l(HO na ce AonYCHe, qe H B T03H cnyqaH CTasa AYMa sa BH,l1; HCTepHaneH Kym24. An'h)l(Ha C'hM ofiase na nocoM qa, qe raxa H noae <popMynHpaHaTa He 6HX ce B'h3MO)l(HOCT e C'hBCeM XHnOTeTHqHa C HeHHoTo OTCTOHBaHe. XepOAOTOBa sacera

anraxnpana

l-i3PHqHO nonaepranara na penHfH03HHTe TpeToTo npaKTHKH

ocsenoaenocr

no nOBoA

na TPaKHHKHTe H neOHKHTe BOAR AO TeKCT cnysaaao. ITpHMe-

uafimoneuue,
E.) napmar

a HMeHHO: 6e3 C'hMHeHHe TeOHHM'hT Ap-

TeMHAa He ce nOHBHBa B pasrneaotanas - 6. M. A. Hero C'h~H H

p'hT C'hC CBeAeHHeTO aa 3anMOKCHC, KorOTO "HHKOH OT THX (rerare

Iefieneiisac

(Hdt. IV, 94, 1)

na nOCOqH cs-

AOKa3Ba, qe ,,6a~aTa

na HCTopHHTa" He ce xonefiae

***

Cnopen Xp. Ilanoe (Ilpesna

nOJJ.po6HOCTI1 OT pl1Tyana

TpaKI1f1.

c., 1969,213,
-

fien. 45) .Xeponor

oco6eHo

n03HaBan peBHocTHO

Ha KYJlTa Ha 6eHJJ.I1JJ.a, cna3BaH

OT TpaKI1M.CKI1Te 11 neOHCKI1Te )l(eHI1". B I1CTOpl1f1Ta aa Xep0JJ.oT. = Philologus

3Jl. TOlJe6a (YcTHa

6anKaHcKI1

11 nucaena

TpaJJ.I1UI1f1 sa TpaKI1f1

JJ.peBHOCTI1, 1,

1991,42
sne-rarneaae
23

135, 1991,2,222)
- RE, Supp!.

csuio JJ.onYCKa JlI1'1HO Xep0JJ.oToBO

OT 0611'1afl aa TpaKI1M.CKHTe 11neOHCKI1Te )l(eHI1. Herodotus. Bd. II, 1903, 260-267; CpB. 11 Xp. 16. AJl. CPOJl, ITpoY'IBaHI1f1 BbPXY rpbUKI1Te II. TpaKI1M.CKI1f1T noroc ua Xep0JJ.oT. - fCY, H<l>,67, JJ.aHHI1 aa neOHI1Te 11 sa ITeOHI1f1 JJ.OKpTI1'1HaTa rpanaua, KOfiTO TOM. nOCTaBfI

F Jacoby,

)J,aHoB, TpaKI1M.CKO 113Bop03HaHl1e, 113BOPl1 sa JJ.peBHa TpaKI1f1.

1973-1974 (1977), 23
BbB sropara no m.rtpoca

OTHaCfI Xep0JJ.oTOBI1Te

KbM KOCBeHI1Te CBeJJ.eHI1f1sa enoxara

nOJlOBI1Ha 11 xpas aa V B. np. Xp., apryxeara,

6e3 ofiase JJ.aB3eMe OTHOlIleHHe B)I(.

aa 113BOpl1Te aa aHTH'IHI1f1 I1CTOPI1K npn I1HcpopMaUI1f1Ta sa neOHI1Te.

24 B T0311 CMI1CbJl, HO C npyra

Il. Komoea,

lJ,I1T. cs-r.,

141.

96

OTBeTHMTe TpaKMHCKM TeOHMMM 3ae,Il;HO C'bC csmecraysannrre MM BapMaHTM, rorasa, KOraTO 're ca peaJIHOCT25. A TOBa osnasaaa, qe fiornnara, onpeneneaa OT XepO,Il;OT KaTO ApTeMM,Il;a na3MJIeH, HaHaeporrrno e 6MJIa aHOHMMHa**** , HO M3BeCTHa cpen TPaKMMcKoTO M neOHCKOTO HaCeJIeHMe C npoaamnero "IJ;apMI(a", CMMCJIOBOpanH03HaQHO, M3IJIe)l(,Il;a, na MeyaAll 'BEa, Florvto; MJIM~ecr1totVa.26 IToKa3aTeJIHO e, Qe HeHHaTa TPaKMHCKa xapaxrepacrnxa e npesenena OT XepO,Il;OT KaTO ApTeMM,Il;a, 6orMHHTa, KOHTO B C'b3HaHMeTO na eJIMHMTe e npena BCJiqKO rrOBeJIMTeJIKa na rrpnponara, pasnonaraura C )l(MBOTa M CM'bpTTa na xopara (AKTeoH, I1q.mreHMH, MeJIear-sp), HO He MaiiKa27.
25 Cnopen M. Taseaa "ocBe):{oMeHocTTa aa XepO):{OT n03BOJIlIBa Cb)I():{eHHeTO,'Ie aKOTOBa 60)I(eCTBO(ApTeMH):{a - 6.M., ,[(.E.) HMaille TPaKHHCKo HMe, asropsr 6H [0 Ha30BaJI, KaKTOe Ha30BaJI npena TOBa 60[OBeTe, nO'lHTaHH OT cKHTHTe, H CbC CKHTcKHTe, H C rpt.ujorre HM HMeHa (Iv, 59)" - CpB. M. Taueea-Xumoea, I1cTopHSI aa H3TO'lHHTe KYJITOBeB ,[(OJIHaMH3HSI H TpaKHSI (V s.np.a.e. - IV B. OT H.e.). C., 1982, 245. ~SlJIOCTHaTaJIOrHKa na Xeponorosare CBe):{eHHSI a TPaKHTe MH ):{aBa OCHOBaHHe):{a ce npHcbe):{HHSI KbM TaKa ~op3 MYJI~p'~HOTOCTaHOBHme. B acropnorpadmsra KaTO lIS1JIO saunrraaa resara, 'Ie B CJIY'IaSiXepoce ):{OTBH3Hpa 60[HHSlTa EeH):{H):{a CpB. f(. Ilonoe, TpaKHHCKaTa 60rHHSI EeH):{H):{a, 17 H 29. KbM mrreparypara, HaCTOSiBamasa ApTeMH):{a uapaua KaTO EeH):{H):{a, KOSITO lIHTHpaHa na CbOTBeTHOTO e MSiCTO TeKCTa aa CTaTHSlTa, YK me ):{06aBSI B T oure TPH n030BaBaHHSI: Xp. Ilanoe, ,[(peBHa TpaKHSI, 213, 6eJI. 45; Zl. Goceva, Die Nachrichten der altgriechischen Autoren tiber die thrakische Religion. Dritter Internationaler Thrakologischer KongreB. Bd. 2. Sofia, 1984, 273; K. Boschnakov, Der Feldzug des Odrysenbasileus Sitalkes in dem Thukydidischen Codex Palat. Gr. 252 (E). - Thracia 11 (= Studia in honorem AI. FoI), 1995,

288.
26 3a ,[(ecnOHHa ("rocno):{apKaTa"), HaH-nO'lHTaHOTO 60)I(eCTBOna ApKa):{HH, B)I(. f(. Komoea, ~HT. Cb'l., 36-42; 111-115. DpaBH anesarneaae, 'Ie MaKap na nparexcana HSiKOH OT xapaxrepacruxare H na ,[(eMeTPa - "HaH-'1HCTaTa nepconadnccauas na 60rHHSlTa-MaHKa npa eJIHHHTe" (1(. Komoea, ~HT. Cb'l., 78), TSIHe e H):{eHTH'IHaC aes. <l>aKTbT,'Ie ,[(ecnOHHa e "MOHa):{H'IHa 60rHHH" (1(. Komoea, ~HT. Cb'l., 49) ):{OKa3Bacnopen MeH, 'Ie TSIe MHCJIeHaHe TOJIKOBaKaTO MaHKa, KOJIKOTO HMeHHOKaTO .Focnonapsa", KaKTOJIH'IH OT np03BHmeTO it. 27 E):{HHCTBeHOTOH3KJIIO'IeHHe e no-nrraaara B Edec ApTeMH):{a, '1HHTO ennrer 7tOAUllaa'tOC; CBH):{eTeJICTBaa xapaKTepHCTHKHTe it aa EOrHHSI-MaHKas CpB. A.A. Taxo-Toou, ApTeMH):{a. - B: MH~b1 naponos MHpa. I. Mocxaa, 1980,

107. 97

11 orne. nanpavep'", 03HaqeHHe nrasra e npesen

11360p'hT

na TeOHHMa ApTeMM,lJ;a, a He na )J.eMeTPa XepOAOT A06pe n03HaBa, KaTO npeson60OT TpaKHHKHTe H neOHKHTe 60)l(eCTBea He KaTO HaCTOHHCTOPHK

qHHTO xyrrr na noaaraaara

na nepconarpaxanas, KaTO TeJIHHTe TB'hpAeHHH B

KaKTO H <paKT'hT, qe XepOAOT onpenena

~acriAEta,

!l~'tllP, He nonxpena ncropnorpaqnerra, qe aHTHqHHHT

aa C'hHapOAHHQHTe CH C'hlll,HOCTTa na BeJIHKaTa 60fHHHMaHKa npH TPaKHTe29. CKJIOHHa C'hM nO-CKOpO na upaeua, qe axQeHT'hT npH Ta3H nepCOHH<pHKaQHH He e B'hPXy TeJIHHTe CHJIMna npnponara ca xacr BJIaCTHHK B'hB BCeJIeHaTa30. H xoaexa, B'h3npOH3BOAHMaKap 6e3 C'hMHeHHe Te na

OT HeHHaTa C'hlll,HOCT, a B'hPXy <PYHKQHHTe H: na B'hpXOBeH CaMO B T03H CJIyqaH 6H HMaJIO CMH-

28 Hdt. II, 171; CpB. Z. Goceva, Op. cit., 402, KOllTOTBbPJlI1, 'Ie rpbL\KI111T eKBI1BaJIeHTaa pa3IJ1e)!(JlaHI111KyJ1Te no-cxopo }J,eMeTPa. 29 C 113BeCTHI1HlOaHCI1, nOJl06Ha nOCTaHOBKa e sautaraaana OT nO'lTI1 BCI1'1KI1 CneL\l1aJII1CTI1,KOI1TOca ce 3aHI1MaBaJII1C XepOJlOTOBI1Te CBeJleHI111 sa TPaKl1i1cKaTa peJ1l1r1111.JacT OT 6bnrapCKaTa acropaorparpas no np06J1eMa CbM l L\I1TI1PaJIano-rope B 6eJ1. 19. BI1)!( csuio M. Taueea-Xumoea, lJ,I1T. Cb'l., 245, KaKTO11E. Boeoanoe, OpcpeH 11npesnara MI1T0J10rl111 a EaJIKaHI1Te. C., 1991, n 101. 30 B T0311CMI1CbJ1 11!f.. Ilonoe, TpaKI1HcKaTa 60rl1Hll EeHJlI1Jla, 23: "I1MeHHO Hal1MeHOBaHl1eTOuapuua me e JlOCTOBepHaTa xapaxrepncraxa, KOllTO,,6all\aTa na I1CTOpl111Ta"csofiurasa aa fioranara na TpaKI1HCKI1Te11 neOHCKI1 )!(eHI1". Kopexrno cnpxvo XepOJlOTOBI111 TeKCT 3By'll1, cnopen MeH, 11 CJ1eJlHaTa cpOpMyJ1l1pOBKa:,,113rne)!(Jla, 'Ie nOTHI111repon Hal1CTI1Hae eJlHO OT J111L\aTa aa BeJ1I1KaTa 60rl1Hll na TPaKI1Te, KOllTO re nO'lI1TaJIl1 cnopen XepOJlOT KaTO ApTeMI1Jla-L\apl1L\a" - ll. Komoea lJ,I1T. Cb'l., 106. L. Beschi, Bendis, the Great Goddess of the Thracians, in Athens. - Orpheus, 1990,29, B aHaJII13a CI1BbPXY paarneosnauua TyK TeKCT na XepOJlOT csuio onpenens xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1Te na 60rl1HllTa spes BeJ1I1KI1Te60rl1HI1 aa CeBepHoereHCKI111 peruoa, 6e3 na BKJ1IO'IBa CPYHKL\I1I1Te MaHKa: "A goddess of hunting and of nature, which the epiclesis na Basilea placed in the role of the great goddesses from the lands of the Northern Aegean region". 3a YHI1BepCaJIHI111KyJ1T KbM 60rI1HllTa-MaHKa, KaKTO 11 aa xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1Te na Benaxara 60rl1Hll CpB. E. Neumann, The Great Mother. An Analysis of the Archetype. New York, 1963; L. Sechan, P Leveque, Les Grandes divinites de la Grece, Paris, 1966; R. Stiglitz, Die Grossen Gottinen Arkadiens. Der Kultname "Megalai Theai" und seine Grundlage. Wien, 1967; R. Briffault, The Mothers. A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions. 1-3. New York/London, 1969.

98