Biostatistics 205 Exam Hi: Spring 2009 Instructions: Please switch off mobile phones Please write your name Cleanness and Tidiness are a MUST ‘You can use the back of a page as scratch paper The exam constitutes of 12 pages in total, including this one. There are 4 problems and 10 MC questions Make sure to outline the steps when testing the hypothesis Also don’t forget to check the requirements of the test Write a Research conclusion for each problem Each problem is worth 20 points: (Hypothesis 2pts, requirements 2pts, test 4 pts, p-value 4 pts, stat conclusion 2 pts, research conclusion 4 pts, error question 2 pts) Multiple Choice: 2 pts each GOOD LUCKProblem 1: (20 pts) There are talks among the nursing community that the average length of service of a nurse in the same hospital is 3 years. The Nursing service at AUBMC were interested in checking out this claim. They took a random sample of 25 nurses and recorded their length of service at AUBMC. The observed average was equal to 2 with an $ =2.8 Is there evidence suggesting that the average length of service of nurses is different from 3 years? ( ) A~ or 4 Hoi ws 3 A. Agua Yo too Sek x= Sele Heke since & fo use Us sornpte g 2 * 8 ES Sut ovdry ond OF “And Sl pas Oo WE GI Sov fb. X-M_ 2 4.953. aNd ‘t Ax {Yas q- Witty degree of freadtom: n~ 4 aS“ A= 2 PEK AAMAS A- OR Lp - valu CA-O.N6 0.02< p-valua ¢ 0.08 iY S-~ p-value CH= 0.0F wi 6 Tuarefore we releck Lo (Stott conctusi) \ oh Te Reward concdusion: We hore enoogh eWclence— thok We overoge Denne A secg A NUrsD ts diffrent from 3 Yyors - Te Mnore .LS Suppose that in reality the length of stay is equal to 3, then which of the following statement is correct? / @® We made a type I error We made a type II error ¢. We took a correct decision thatisequal to 1 — alpha 4. We took a correct decision that is the power of the study 5) a ) Problem 2: A researcher is interested in studying the Félation between light condition and visual abilities. He run an experiment. He invited 9 university students and tested their vision at a normal light. Then he reduced the internsity of the ligth and repeated the test for the same 9 students. The scores of the students on the visual test are reported in the table below. Is there evidence suggesting that visual scores at normal ligth are different than at lower intensity light ? ‘Mothers _| UN Visual Scores | Standard d ‘Normal Light 9 11.85 5. | Low intensity Light _| 9 725 | 79 Differences in scores | 9 4.60 35 Firat ge ah ve hove 29 CS Hossehove We /OSSAIE tho He population distribution | ifferen i normal y and We VS Ma paired t since we hove {us Saws rove bol ok AiQerent AmOA. conditisas - : - : He *Pessugne = Pow gn Cp = pr) ce * Bes eght $ Mies tignt Guth) 2- Assume tho ts tra Sb. Kee | MSH FBS as Ate © 85/TR 18383 Ab enag 4 = 9-4 =k 4- PEAS): A-0.Q8 Zpevolus ¢ A-04S 0.02 ¢ P -valus— 9.05 Yo S— peolus € K = 0.05 L6- we sdeck tho a 4_ Recaardh conclusions We hove enovga evidenca to stale. tak visuol scores oF noc mod age Ost RRenk than ok lower inten sity SE Gpht wo Sr Suppose that in reality the scores at normal light and,low intensity light are not equal , then which of the following statement is correct? a, We made a type error b. We made a type II error c. We took a correct decision that is equalo 1 — alpha @ ‘We took a correct decision that is the power of the studyLSE A researcher wanted to know if there is a relation between LDL cholesterol and Heart Disease. He selected a sample of 50 people with High LDL level and another 75 with moderate levels of LDL. The results are below. Problem 3: With Without Heart Heart Total Disease Disease High LDL 15 35 50 ‘Moderate: | “IDL 15 _ 60 15 Total 30 95 125 The data hoe is ae ye and Wa 2 HPoups ore nck veloted — se Hee Pearson X* feat And we have, “Soe oa eepuiremants Ore mek . oD ' Yo: Ww 42h (arp 0) oF Mug pt = Waogerate 6 Mas wifey (Tap 79) Asguma the tous k= S%s . a %- We coleulale Mo expected “yhtues 5 With hark Ustthoule haart disease, diseose Total L High LDL | Ada 8 50 Moderate vol A 5t | as Tatal \ 30 as AW4.cust Xx => (0- Ee _ ys) @s-a9) ayy", we 8, es A cael By st O.S+ 0-157 20a + oe * = A.CU4% ~ And age Ce cows ~ 4) (4 of cobums -4) Aa-\(2-Yeb a 0.4 Kp- volun gos we S- peyote 7 2005 (% Cor wre are gerry fo occept Mort Roseasdh condus ers we have evcugh ae Mare 1 O Ken leetwean Heart otis awit dl. LS Suppose in Reality people with High level of LDL do ave a higher risk of Heart Disease, than ‘we have committed what: a, We made a type I error ‘We made a type II error We took a correct decision that is\eq d. Wetook a correct decision that is LSF> Pail to rect the - to 1 —alpha ‘power of the studyProblem 4: Researcher wants to know if there is a difference in Blood Pressure between people that drink Decaf coffee and people that drink regular coffee. He was able to identify 25 decaf drinkers and 30 regular coffee drinkers. He measured their blood pressure. The Results arebelow Groupl: X,= 135 $1=22 N1=25 Group2: ¥,=125 $2=15 N2=30 We have tuso dierent groups fested + cecal drinkers and tay oo! Arvinkars 5 So We use Ha polred + eat since And we eae ee 5S DW ve seguirements ore mak (Centras Qk Haore— applic) X=Selo 3. g Kink Sp\[ 2.440 mo Se: Q2%X{2s-1) + US)(30-1) ets as+30- 2 ois LBSC 6,222 ae bs ASW tog con AB Slee IRS ¥O.2% as 30 wih ope Mto- 2 W499 -22 5-32 53in Ha + table . we AL=S3 wk reve At mah day. since ee 088 = 0.05) p-value c |(-0920 5- p-volu JF % a 6 pe ect Tho re euidence_ 4— Research : oe SO rence ie blood oneal resgure bekween Mak Aciale ke detnk reaqular “hes ond Yoo SF If you made an error in your conclusion please specify the type of error, and based on the error you choose specify if in reality the Ho is true of false. we RS vejoct Ho wRich means rol stotel thot Ho ss) SST TE Ho was pin reali tron we would hove meee oe Fpeo 1. Ifthe 95% CI for men blood sugar is [418, 425] with n=100, which of the following is correct a) The 99% CI with n= 100 is [410, 415] b) The 95% CT with n=50 is [415, 420] ©) The 90% CI with n=100 is (415, 423] 4d) The 99% CI with n=50 is [420, © Me 95% Cl with n=20p jx(420, 423] 1) None of the listed answers 2, An experiment was conducted to investigate whether wearing nicotine patches reduces the number of cigarettes smoked per day; the research team found that the P-value for testing the null hypothesis (Ho: MU reduction in number of cigarette smoked = 0) was 0.07. Which of the following statements is true? 4) O is not included in the 99% confidence interval © dis inctuded in the 95% g6hfidence interval ©) Ois not included in the 45% confidence interval 4) is included in the 90% confidence interval ©) None of the listed answers 3. Type I error (8) is defined @ ‘The probability of/failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false b. The probability of failing to reject the null kypothesis when it is true c. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true 4. The probability of rejecting the mull hypothesis when it is false e. None of the listed answers 4, Significance level (a) is defined as a) The probability of rejgting the null hypothesis when it is true and it should be big ©) Me probability of pAecting the null hypothesis when itis true and it should be small ©) The probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false and it should be big 4) The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false and it should be big €) None of the listed answers Loeof LST 5. Ina study done by Zuy et al, authors reported a Xbar = 2.1 with a 95% CI { 1.8 -2.4] Based on this information would you: (Ho: MU = 1) ‘ ree a. Reject Ho at alpha=0.01 X=5%, > p-volus b. Fail to reject Ha at alpha = 0.05% ( mS © Reject H > Pajeck He h2S°S &. Reject H4 at\glpha = 95% £. We need to know the value and Df of the test to answer the question 6. Based on the results in Q5 which of the following p-values could be correct a. 1,055 b. 0.05 @ 0.3 Ww 0.013 7. Ifthe author had more people in their study which of the following 95% CI would be appropriate? a [19-26] b. (18-24) c. [16-26] d. [16-22] © [1.9-2.1) E Ineed to know the original sample size 8. Avresearch team found that the P-value associated with the test following test: the proportion of school children who take vitamins on a regular basis is different than 0.5 [H: 240.5] is equal to 0.2302, Based on this information, which of the following is not panne, true? 1) 90% CI would include 0.5 Q) 70% CI would inetude 0.5 3) 99% CI would include 0} 4) 95% CI would include 0.5 5) None of the listed answers. 9. Given P-value = 0.07 and Ha: x 40.6, specify by choosing yes/no whether you can a. Deduce that the 95% Cl includes 0.6 eS b. Deduce that the 90% CI does not include 0.6 25 Construct 295% CI Nee d. Calculate the test statistic ¢. Tell whether the test statistic belongs to a rejection/non-rejection region. NNO10. In class we talked about alpha equal to either 10%, 5%, or 1%, but lets suppose that a researcher is using an alpha = 4%. If the test statistic is significant at a. = 0.04 then @ itis definitely significant at a = 0.02 b. itis definitely not significant at o.= 0.02 ©. itis definitely not significant at «= 0.05 Hi might be significant at «= 0.02 e. None of the listed answers. JS