Signal processing of ECG (cont.

)
™Block diagram of ECG measurement circuit (teaching)

Right arm
Left arm Limb lead
Right leg Lead loop
Left leg
electrodes

Pre-amplifier High pass filter

Isolator
× 100 0.1 Hz

Amplifier Low pass filter Band reject filter

× 10
ECG
100 Hz 60 Hz

1
 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)

Right arm

Left arm

Right leg Pre- Isolator

amplifier
High pass
filter
Left leg
Lead loop

Low pass ECG

Amplifier filter Band reject
Lead Switch filter

2
 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)
™Block diagram of ECG measurement circuit (Practical)

3
 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)
™ Electrosurgery Filter: It is a low-pass filter and required on
the input to reduce interference caused by electrosurgery
and radiofrequency.
™ High voltage and over voltage protection: It is used to stand
large voltages during defibrillation. So the signal pass from
the surface electrodes through the protection circuit (to
protect the Bio-Amplifier during defibrillation.
™ Lead selector: Used to drive the required lead configuration
and give it to the Amplifier.
™ Calibration switch: Used to calibrate the bio-amplifier and to
adjust the electronic signal processing circuits of the ECG
device. It is used also for detection of troubleshooting. It has
a standard value of 1 mV and the out put should be 1 V (gain
of 1000 times).
4
 Feta ECG
™To measure the ECG
of fetus
¾ A lead on the mother
chest measure the
mother’s ECG (M)
¾ A lead on the mother’s
abdomen measures the
ECG of the mother and
fetus (M+F)
¾ The differential amplifier
amplifies the difference
between (M) and (M+F)
and gives out the fetus’s
ECG →(F=(M+F)-M)
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 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)
™ Isolation Amplifier:
¾ Isolation transformer: drives an isolated power supply to provide bias
power to the bio-amplifier and to avoid shocks through the lead to the
patient.
¾ Optical isolation: Isolation of patient and bio-amplifier can also be
obtained by using an optical isolator.

Isolation amplifier (transformer type) Optically isolated isolation amplifier

6
 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)
™ Output unit: It is not
connected directly
to the patient, so no
need to isolate the
power supply for
this unit
¾ Thermal printer
¾ Chart recorder
¾ Cathode ray tube
ECG out put

PMMC galvanometer

7
 Signal processing of ECG (cont.)
™ 50/60 Hz Filter: To catch the power supply noisy frequency
™ Bio-amplifier:
¾ gain factor is 100
¾ High input impedance: 107 to 1012 Ω
¾ Frequency response form 0.05 to 100 Hz

Instrumentation
Amplifier