INTEGRALI INDEFINITI e DEFINITI

Esercizi proposti

1. Calcolare i seguenti integrali indefiniti “immediati”:

log3 x
Z Z Z
dx 3
(a) dx (b) (c) x2 ex dx
x x log3 x
arctg4 x 1 + cos x
Z Z Z
x
(d) dx (e) p dx (f ) dx
1 + x2 (1 − x2 )3 x + sin x
x3 (arcsin x)2 sin 2x
Z Z Z
(g) dx (h) √ dx (i) dx.
1 + x8 1 − x2 1 + sin2 x

2. Utilizzando la proprietà di linearità, calcolare i seguenti integrali:

x3 + x + 1
Z Z Z
(a) (4x4 + 3x2 + 5x) dx (b) dx (c) (1 + 2x3 )2 dx
x2 + 1
Z Z Z
(d) (1 + cos x)2 dx (e) ctg2 x dx (f ) cos3 x dx.

3. Calcolare i seguenti integrali con la tecnica di integrazione per parti:

Z Z Z
(a) x3 shx dx (b) x3 sin(x2 ) dx (c) x4 cos(2x) dx
Z Z Z
(d) e2x sin(3x) dx (e) e−3x cos(2x) dx (f ) arcsin x dx
log x
Z Z Z
3 5 −x3
(g) x log x dx (h) x e dx (i) √ dx
4
x
√ √
Z Z Z
(j) log2 x dx (k) x sin2 x dx (l) log( x + 1 + x − 1) dx.

4. Calcolare i seguenti integrali di funzioni razionali:

x2 − 2x − 1 x2 − 10x + 10 3x2 − x
Z Z Z
(a) dx (b) dx (c) dx
x2 − 4x + 4 x3 + 2x2 + 5x (x + 1)2 (x + 2)
x3 − 2 x3
Z Z Z
dx
(d) (e) dx (f ) dx
x4 − 1 x (x2 + 1)
2 2
x + 7x + 12

5. Calcolare i seguenti integrali effettuando le opportune sostituzioni:

x3 x5
Z Z Z
dx
(a) (b) √ dx (c) √ dx
x(2 + log2 x) 1 − x2 x3 − 1
√ 1 1
Z Z Z
(d) ex − 1 dx (e) p dx (f ) √ dx
(1 − x2 )3 x 1 + x2
2

e3x + 2e2x + 3ex 1 − 3x

Z Z Z
dx
(g) dx (h) √ √ (i) √ dx
ex + 1 x+ 3x x−2
sin 2x
Z Z Z
dx
(j) (k) dx (l) ctg5 x dx
2 sin x + cos x − 1 6 sin x − cos 2x + 5
tg3 x + tgx tgx
Z Z Z
(m) dx (n) 2 dx (o) x log(1 − 2x − 3x2 ) dx.
tgx + 4 sin x + 1
 6. Calcolare i seguenti integrali definiti:
8 1
x2 − 5x + 4
Z Z
a) dx b) x2 arctan x dx
6 x−5 0
Z 1 3π
2x2 + x + 4
Z 2
c) dx d) (x + 1)2 | cos x| dx.
0 (x2 + 1)(x + 2) − π
2

7. Calcolare l’area A delle seguenti regioni del piano (O, x, y):

9x
a) regione compresa tra il grafico della funzione f (x) = e l’asse delle x, per x ∈ [0, 1];
(x + 1)(x − 2)
b) regione compresa tra il grafico della funzione f (x) = x sin 2x e l’asse delle x, per x ∈ [0, π];
1 √
c) regione compresa tra il grafico della funzione f (x) = √ e l’asse delle x, per x ∈ [ 2, 2].
2
x x −12
h πi
3 2
8. Sia f (x) = sin x cos x. Si calcoli la media integrale µ di f sull’intervallo 0, ; si dica se esiste un
h πi 3
punto c ∈ 0, per cui f (c) = µ.
3
9. Sia g(x) = (1 + x2 )e−|x+1| . Si calcoli la primitiva G di g in R tale che lim G(x) = 3.
x→+∞

10. Data la funzione

x3 sin(πx2 ) x≤1

f (x) = 2
x − 8x + 16 x > 1,
determinare la primitiva generalizzata di f che si annulla in x0 = 0.
R 2 nx
11. a) Si calcoli In = 1 (x2 + 1 n dx, ∀n ∈ N, n > 0.
n)
b) Si calcoli lim In .
n→+∞

12. Si calcoli la primitiva che si annulla in x0 = 0 della seguente funzione definita su (−∞, 3)
x+2
f (x) = .
(|x| + 3)(x − 3)

13. Data la funzione

x|6x − 2| + 1 x≤0

f (x) =
(x + 1)ex/2 x > 0,
a) determinare la primitiva F di f tale che F (−1) = 0;
R2
b) calcolare −1 f (t) dt;
R 2/3
c) calcolare −1/3 f (3t) dt.
14. Calcolare i seguenti integrali indefiniti:

(sin x − 1) cos x e2x + ex

Z Z
a) dx b) dx
sin2 x − sin x − 2 e2x − 3ex + 2
tan2 x + 1
Z Z
c) dx d) x2 arctan(x3 ) dx.
tan2 x − 1

15. Calcolare i seguenti integrali definiti:

1 √ 1 e3
log x + 5
Z Z Z
3
x
a) e dx b) x2 log x dx c) dx.
0 0 e2 x(log2 x + log x − 2)
 Risposte agli esercizi

1.
3
log3 x log4 x 1 ex
Z Z Z
dx 2 x3
(a) dx = +c (b) = − + c (c) x e dx = +c
x 4 x log3 x 2 log2 x 3
arctg4 x arctg5 x 1 1 + cos x
Z Z Z
x dx
(d) dx = + c (e) = √ + c (f ) dx = log |x + sin x| + c
1 + x2 5
p
2
(1 − x ) 3 1 − x2 x + sin x
arcsin2 x arcsin3 x
Z 3
arctg(x4 ) sin 2x dx
Z Z
x dx
(g) = + c (h) √ dx = + c (i) = log(1 + sin2 x) + c.
1+x 8 4 1−x 2 3 1 + sin2 x
2.
4 5 5 x3 + x + 1 x2
Z Z
(a) (4x4 + 3x2 + 5x) dx = x + x3 + x2 + c (b) dx = + arctgx + c
5 2 x2 + 1 2
4 7 3 sin x cos x
Z Z
(c) (1 + 2x3 )2 dx = x + x4 + x + c (d) (1 + cos x)2 dx = x + 2 sin x + +c
7 2 2
sin3 x
Z Z
(e) ctg2 x dx = −x − ctgx + c (f ) cos3 x dx = sin x − + c.
3
3.
−x2 cos(x2 ) + sin(x2 )
Z Z
(a) x3 shx dx = (x3 + 6x)chx − 3(x2 + 2)shx + c (b) x3 sin(x2 ) dx = +c
2
1 3 3
Z
(c) x4 cos(2x) dx = sin(2x)(x4 − 3x2 + ) + cos(2x)(x3 − x) + c
2 2 2

2 2x 3 3 2
Z Z
(d) e2x sin(3x) dx = e [sin(3x) − cos(3x)] (e) e−3x cos(2x) dx = − e−3x [cos(2x) − sin(2x)]
13 2 13 3
x4 log x x4
Z p Z
(f ) arcsin x dx = x arcsin x + 1 − x2 + c (g) x3 log x dx = − +c
4 16
3
e−x (−x3 − 1) log x 4 16
Z Z
5 −x3
(h) x e dx = +c (i) √ dx = x3/4 log x − x3/4 + c
3 4
x 3 9
1 1 1
Z Z
(j) log2 x dx = x(log2 x − 2 log x + 2) + c (k) x sin2 x dx = x2 − x sin(2x) − cos(2x) + c
4 4 8
√
√ √ √ √ x2 − 1
Z
(l) log( x + 1 + x − 1) dx = x log( x + 1 + x − 1) − + c.
2
4.
Z 2
x − 2x − 1 1
(a) dx = x + 2 log |x − 2| + +c
x2 − 4x + 4 x−2
Z 2
x − 10x + 10 1 13 x+1
(b) 3 2
dx = 2 log |x| − log(x2 + 2x + 5) − arctg +c
x + 2x + 5x 2 2 2
3x2 − x 4
Z
(c) 2
dx = 14 log |x + 2| − 11 log |x + 1| − +c
(x + 1) (x + 2) x+1
 
1 x − 1 1
Z
dx
(d) 4
= log   − arctgx + c
x −1 4 x + 1 2
x3 − 2 1 2
Z
(e) 2 2
dx = log(x2 + 1) + + 2arctgx + c
x (x + 1) 2 x
x3 x2
Z
(f ) dx = − 7x + 64 log |x + 4| − 27 log |x + 3| + c.
x2 + 7x + 12 2
5.

x3
 
dx 1 log x 1
Z Z p
(a) 2 = √ arctg √ + c (b) √ dx = − (x2 + 2) 1 − x2 + c
x(2 + log x) 2 2 1−x 2 3
5
2 2 √ √ √
Z Z
x p p
(c) √ dx = (x3 − 1)3 + x3 − 1 + c (d) ex − 1 dx = 2 ex − 1 − 2arctg ex − 1 + c
x3 − 1 9 3
√
1 1 1 + x2
Z Z
x
(e) p dx = √ +c (f ) √ dx = − +c
(1 − x2 )3 1 − x2 x2 1 + x2 x

e3x + 2e2x + 3ex 1

Z
(g) dx = e2x + ex + 2 log(ex + 1) + c
ex + 1 2
√ √ √ √
Z
dx
(h) √ √ = 2 x − 3 3 x + 6 6 x − 6 log(1 + 6 x) + c
x+ x 3

1 − 3x √ √ √
Z
(i) √ dx = −22 x − 2x x − 44 log( x − 2) − 6x + c
x−2
1  x 1
Z
dx  x 
(j) = log tg  − log tg − 2 + c
   
2 sin x + cos x − 1 2 2 2 2
sin 2x
Z
(k) dx = 2 log | sin x + 2| − log | sin x + 1| + c
6 sin x − cos 2x + 5
1 1
Z
(l) ctg5 x dx = − + + log | sin x| + c
4 tan4 x 2 tan2 x
tg3 x + tgx
Z
(m) dx = tgx − 4 log |tgx + 4| + c
tgx + 4
tgx 1
Z
(n) 2 dx = log(1 + 2tg2 x) + c
sin x + 1 4
 
1 1 1 1 1  1
Z
(o) x log(1 − 2x − 3x2 ) dx = x2 log(1 − 2x − 3x2 ) − x2 + x −

log x − − log |x + 1| + c.
2 2 3 18 3 2

6.

8 1
x2 − 5x + 4 1
Z Z
π
a) dx = 14 + 4 log 3 b) x2 arctan x dx = + (log 2 − 1)
6 x−5 0 12 6
3π
1
2x2 + x + 4 3
Z Z
π 2
c) 2
dx = + 2 log d) (x + 1)2 | cos x| dx = 3π 2 + 4π − 4.
0 (x + 1)(x + 2) 4 2 − π
2

7.
√ √
3− 2
(a) A = 3 log 2 (b) A = π (c) A = .
2

47 h πi h πi
8. µ = ; esiste un punto c ∈ 0, per cui f (c) = µ, perché f (x) è continua nell’intervallo 0, .
160π 3 3
 9.
−e−(x+1) x2 + 2x + 3 + 3, se x ≥ −1


G(x) =
ex+1 x2 − 2x + 3 − 5,


se x < −1.
10.
1 

−πx2 cos(πx2 ) + sin(πx2 ) , se x ≤ 1


2π 2

F (x) =
 1 x3 − 4x2 + 16x + 1 − 37 ,

se x > 1.
3 2π 3
11. a) "
 1−n  1−n #
n 1 1
4+ − 1+ , se n 6= 1


2 − 2n n n

In =
 1 5


log , se n = 1.
2 2
1
b) lim In = .
n→+∞ 2e
12.  1 5
 log(x + 3) + log(3 − x) − log 3, se 0 ≤ x < 3

F (x) = 6 6
 5 − log(3 − x) + 5 + log 3,

se x < 0.
x−3 3
−2x3 + x2 + x − 2, se x ≤ 0

13. a) F (x) =
2(x − 1)ex/2 , se x > 0.
Z 2
b) f (t) dt = 2e
−1
2/3
2
Z
c) f (3t) dt = e.
−1/3 3
14.

(sin x − 1) cos x 2 1
Z
a) 2 dx = log | sin x + 1| + log | sin x − 2| + c
sin x − sin x − 2 3 3
e2x + ex
Z
b) dx = 3 log |ex − 2| − 2 log |ex − 1| + c
e2x − 3ex + 2
tan2 x + 1
 
1  tan x − 1 
Z
c) dx = log   +c
tan2 x − 1 2 tan x + 1 
1 1
Z
d) x2 arctan(x3 ) dx = x3 arctan(x3 ) − log 1 + x6 + c.


3 6

15.

1 √ 1 e3
1 log x + 5 16
Z Z Z
3
x 2
a) e dx = 3e − 6 b) x log x dx = − c) 2 dx = log .
0 0 9 e2 x(log x + log x − 2) 5