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P V
H
T E e d ni t t i oh
withforeword by
P B
Professor of Chemical Engineering
University of Tulsa
Tulsa, Oklahoma
E M
I believe that this fills a real need in the pressure vessel industry
and that readers will find it extremely useful.
Paul Buthod
PREFACE
The design procedures and formulas of the ASME Code for Pressure
Vessels, Section VIII Division I have been utilized as well as those
generally accepted sources which are not covered by this Code. From
among the alternative construction methods described by the Code the
author has selected those which are most frequently used in practice.
A large part of this book was taken from the works of others, with some
of the material placed in different arrangement, and some unchanged.
Eugene F. Megyesy
9
CONTENTS
1. VesselsUnderinternalPressure_~__~~_~~~~~~~..~.~~~~ti~ti~~~~. 15
StressesinCylindricalShel~Definitions,Formulas,Pressureof
Fluid, Pressure-TemperatureRatings of American Standard
,CarbonSteelPipe Flanges.
2. Vessels Under External Pressure .......................................................... 31
Definitions, Formulas, Minimum Required TicknessofCylin-
dricalSheH,ChafiforDeteminingThicknessofCylindrical and
SphericalVesselsunderExternal PressurewhenConstructedof
Carbon Steel,
3. Design ofTall Towers .......................................................................... 52
Wind Load, Weight of Vessel, Seismic Load, Vibration, Eccen-
tric Load, Elastic Stability, Deflection, Combination of Stresses,
Design of Skirt Support, Design of Anchor Bolts (approximate
method), Design of Base Ring (approximate method), Design of
Anchor Bold and Base Ring, Anchor Bolt Chair for Tall Towers.
4. Vessel Suppotis ..................................................................................... 86
Stresses in Large Horizontal Vessels Supported by Two Saddles,
Stresses in Vessels on Leg Support, Stresses in Vessels Due to
Lug support.
5. Openings ............................................................................................... 122
Inspection Openings, Openings without Reinforcing Pad, Open-
ing with Reinforcing Pad, Extension of Openings, Reinforce-
ment of Openings, Strength of Attachments, Joining Openings to
Vessels, Length of Couplings and Pipes for Openings.
6. Nozzle Loads ........................................................................................ 153
7. Reinforcement at the Junction of Cone to Cylinder .............................. 159
8. Welding of Pressure Vessels ................................................................. 170
Welded Joints, But Welded Joint of Plates of Unequal Thick-
nesses, Application of Welding Symbols.
9. Regulations, Specifications ................................................................... 181
Code Rules Related to Various Services, Code Rules Related to
Various Plate Thicknesses of Vessel, Tanks and Vessels Con-
taining Flammable and Combustible Liquids, Properties of
Materials, Description of Materials, Specification for The De-
sign and Fabrication of Pressure Vessels, Fabrication Toler-
ances.
10. Materials of Foreign Countries ............................................................. 194
11. Welded Tanks ....................................................................................... 204
13. Rectangular Tanks ................................................................................ 212
14. Corrosion .............................................................................................. 221
15. Miscellaneous ... ... .... .. . . . ..~...o..o...u,mv..u.mv..~..u...ti..~..~..~..u..~ 232
Fabricating Capacities, Pipe and Tube Bending, Pipe Engage-
merit, Drill Sizes for Pipe Taps, Bend Allowances, Lengthof
Stud Bolts, Pressure Vessel Detailing, Preferred Locations,
CommonErrors,LiRingAttachments, SafeLoadsforRopesand
Chains, Transportation ofVessels.
16. Painting Steel Surfaces ..~...o..o...~....a...~. U.V......O... 247
1NREFERENCESTHROUGHOUTTHISBOOK"CODE"sTANDSF0RASME
(AMERICAN S O O
C MI E EC HT AEYNN I GC I FA N
BL E O
E AR I S ) L N
E R D
P R E VS SE CU S RS SO
E E EVC DRLT II FU EO C OLNI N S OET RI US C T IR O N
O P R E VS ES SUD SRI F EE
V1—
LI A SSA , I M O E N S R T I A C N AND NA R D .
1 E
S P V
Pressure vessels are subject to various loadings, which exert stresses of
different intensities in the vessel components. The category and intensity of
stresses are the function of the nature of loadings, the geometry and construc-
tion of the vessel components.
MAXIMUM
STRESSES (Code UG-23) ALLOWABLE STRESS
a. Tensile stress Sa
b. Longitudinal compressive stress The smaller of S. or the value of
factor B determined by the procedure
described in Code UG 23 (b) (2)
c. General primary membrane stress S
induced by any combination of
loadings. Primary membrane 1.5 Sa
stress plus primary bending stress
induced by combination of load-
ings, except as provided in d. be-
low.
d. General primary membrane stress 1.2 times the stress permitted in a., b.,
induced by combination of earth- or c. This rule applicable to stresses
quake or wind pressure with other exerted by internal or external pres-
loadings (See definitions pages sure or axial compressive load on a
beginn-ing473.) cylinder.
Seismic force and wind pressure need not be considered to act simulta-
neously.
S.= Maximum allowable stress in tension for carbon and low alloy steel
Code Table UCS-23; for high alloy steel Code Table UHA-23., psi. (See
properties of materials page 180- 184,)
/ ,
Uniforminternalorexternalpressureinducesinthelongitudinalseamtwotimeslargerunit
stress than in the circumferentialseam becauseof the geometryof the cylinder.
A vessel under external pressure, when other forces (wind, earthquake, etc. ) are not
factors, must be designed to resist the circumferential buckling o Tn C l oh y .d
p r ot m
v
i e od dh t e e tsh ms o tie rdge e qhn uf ei’ rW ei o mo t e hlns t t o . aaeh d ei n n r r g s
present, these combined loadings m g o a a hv y vl be
e e p an rw n ir a i eed q rt ul ei r l e
t t ph w l ah wh a s a ni t t i esact fer a chte t co sisrr yc ui mh f sbe ro ue t n oct ie ak l nl i ln gy
F O R M U L A S
t
. . C I R C U M F E R E N T I A LL O N G I T U D I N A L
+ J O I N JT O I N T
D
$ ‘ s,
3 .$ s~ = ~
N O T A T I O N
D= M d ie ao vm a eei ts n e s cr e h l f ,e s
S2 P= I n ot e e x r pt n r e ae pr sl n s a ur l r s e , i
‘ s, = Longitudinal
1 stress, psi
s, ‘/ s* = Circumferential (hoop) stress, psi
[ = Thickness of shell, corrosion allowance
,R ~ excluded, inches
EXAMPLE
;iven D = 96 inches PD 15 X 96
P= 15 psi s, = ~ = ~ = 1440 psi
f = 0.25 inches
15 X 96
s* = $ = = 2 p 8 8s
2 X 0.25
F t ou iw
o n n pe t d r er a er rewss nl s r at iunc l or r h eni haeat d iwdi b c cd ghaoe lhmi v pt cr e e h s
s s gti o rc vvb ea ep sp rera osnb x t is fm ao nt ree hdm u I y ae :
H y d r t o os mt uea l t t ii -c svc h ea m
Cs t b sU
ef r eo ( Gl s d- : e9 e 9 )
A Pneumatic test may be used in lieu of a hydrostatic test per Code UG-100
6. JOINT EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of different types of welded joints are given in table on page
172. The efficiency of seamless heads is tabulated on page 176.
T f o l phl o c aw o i fgen o g t eru am t s icu s nlo at m esr p e uqdw h tu o ei a r ee ld
t h i ac kt nm e an s xhsa li l mdw o uweo m ap r br kl ef ei st n sm gu o r ho e ar e
f r e qu u t e nso y st l a yeph h eTe de f n s lo a rfo hcl m
d y d lu i. sl n aeda hr s i c e a f lr l l
g f i t l .v o ~o ge hs i t usn ed iur ni aeas tl nugm ao hc ,vl eel i r y n s .
NOTATION
E = J e of f ip i c 1i en a n c t y 7g. e 2
P = D pe r s o e m i s a sg l aul n or R = wex I a bnrr . l as ei d i n i dc u eh s e, s
w o p r r pke is sn u gs rD = e I ndi i s a i m i n e d t c ee hr , e s
S= S vt o rma ea pl t ps e u ssr at i e= a if t l g h i ,i c e k n n ec s hs , e s
C = C o rAa r l ol ois wi .n ao nnc c eh . e s
A
CYLINDRICAL SHELL ( LS EO A N M G )
t PR SE t
P
R f= SE– O.6P = m-m
e
1. U s t su i at t ll hr s l e i yog h seo ev Sns e arn en gi m
ne g s .
p r ep c e a d i g n g e .
2 W [ w h t h aiehe c x ok. lhcnn o ete isl ae n s nd slhs ie f
r oa P e d x 0 i c S u. et f es 3 o drgE r 8 hsm
i i u5 l v , a e se
t C A po h 1p s e db nah dep - ei ap x l l i 2e l de .
PR p= 2SE t
‘= 2SE–0,2P R +0.2t
r
1. F h w e i aos at t Ih r d loua r t aisu e gnft fhg si thce i , e n e c
R f o t h t s ej h hi i ol a et f it e eeld hfno f l si thac if { es n c
1- -1 -–
o t s i e[ h h a e m h fa e s d n e .
2 W t w h t h aiehe c x 0k. l cnnR o. ePe e sl e 3xs d c 5s e 6e
0 S . t f 6 o gE r 6 hmi ti uC 5 lvA, a epo hse p e nd n n de ei
I s b -ah p ap3 l li , e l d e .
.
. 2:1 ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD
PD
b I P= -Dy;jt
‘= 2SE– O.2P
0 1. F e l l ih po sw
e o t ia hrd rado leta smh r t , a ehi j e o o
“ a m a i i on nxt t 2 1 os hihC
d r A e aspo espr e nd n : , de ei
1 - 4 ( c ) .
/1 = 1>/4
E X
D ED S AI G
T NA : E = 1 j . e of 0f oi is c0 ei n ea , n m tc l y e s f
h e a d s
P = p d pe r s e is sg ui R n=r 4 ie ni rnc a hs d ie i8 ds u es *
S= 1 p 7s vt5 o rsSa 0 e l 0 s Dtiu= s9 i e ni f A dnc i hsa mie e6 dst e e r *
5 1p @5 6l . 5a 7 0t 0 ”e= r I F e wq [ u h i ai irc ken ln d ec s lhs , e
E = 0 e . f f oi8 s cp oi 5t e - ne x, c a ym i n ef i d .
C = 0 . nc A 1o c ra 2r hl. ol e5so iws o u n n c e
j oo s ia hh n eHe t tnm sl e i f l * s dac .o crd oi r o ngo d d vi e nt a di ot n e r
s h e l l w t c i o r a rhlt ol so ihw o ea n n c e
SEEDESIGNDATAABOVE
—.
SEE DESIGNDATAABOVE
0.287 in.
SEE DESIGNDATAABOVE
NOTATION D = I dn i s ai mi n e d tc e e hr , e
P = D pe r s o e m i s a sg l aul n or a we=x Oa hbr o. l t ei an n (c lhI a eu p fd fe
w o p r r pke si sn u gs r ea dni eg g l r e e ,e s
S= . Sv to m a r a ;pl t ps e u ssr aLi e= Ia if l grn oa,s d e dii i din suec sh
r = I kn n sr u ai i c dd nk i e cl u e h s
E = J e of f ip i c 1i en a n c t y g7,r = W t e h 2ai i c k n ln ec s l sh , e
R = I rn a is d ni i dc u he s e,= C s o r a r l ol ois wi n ao nnc c eh ,
2SEt c a o
‘ c a (SE–= O.6P)
o ‘= 2D + 1.2t
s a
E A F SL A M D
N GI H EN
ES D H
E ED A
( T O R I S P HH E R I EC A L A D
W ‘ =h 1 6e / 2 n fr
0.885PL SEt
P=
f= SE– o. 1 ‘ 0.885 L+0.lt P
~
< When Vr l t 1e h s a s n
\
PLM 2SEt
‘= 2SE– O.2P ‘= LM+oo2t
V A O LF UA “ EC ST OM F R ”
1 1. .0 50 0
‘ J r
M
3
2 ●
1 3 . 0
M 1
* : L = D + 2t (see note 2 on f pa ca i
21
E X
DESIGN DATA: R = 48inchesinsideradius*
P = lOOpsidesignpressure D = 96inchesinsidediameter*
S = 17500psistressvalueof ~ = required wallthickness,inches
SA515-70plate@650°F L = 30°0nehalfoftheapexangle
E = 0.85,efficiency
ofspot-examined t = Resuiredwallthickness
inches
joints C.A = 0,125inchescon-osionallowance
E = 1.00,jointefficiencyofsearnless * incorrodedcondition
greaterwith
thecorrosionallowance
SEE DESIGN DATAABOVE SEE DESIGN DATAABOVE
Cos30° = 0.866
Determine the maximum allowable
Determine the required thickness, r working pressure, P for 0.500 in. thick
of a cone cone, when the vessel is in new
100x 96.25 condition.
‘2X 0.866(17500X 2x xO.85xO.500x0.866= 133psi
96+ 1.2XOo500Xo.866
+C.A. 0,125in.
0.500in.
Use0,500in.plate
+C.A. 0.125in.
0.611in.
Use0.625in.plate
SEEDESIGNDATAABOVE SEEDESIGNDATAABOVE
Knuckle radius r = 6 in. L/r= ~= (j %
61 Knuckle radius r = 6 in. L/r= ~ = 16
~= 1.75 from table. A4= 1.75 from table
Determine the required thickness t of a
seamless ASME flanged and dished Determine the maximum allowable
head. working pressure, P for a 0.481 in. thick
100x96,125X1.75 seamless head when the vessel is in
t= ‘0.481 in. corroded condition.
2 x 17500 100
2 x 17500X1.0xO.481 = 100psi
+C.A. 0.125in. p= 96.125X 1.75+0,2 xO.481
0.606in.
Use0.625in.min.thickhead
NOTE: When the r o La i g t r t i/e 1 a nho to6f nreca so- r n3 Cs tn otr uv,d c te aoi o hnl ) u
A b4 c a ml bc t ua f l oay tir ehe%
md +ul k L l y ae (l /: = r 3 )
22
I P N
FORMULAS IN TERMS OF OUTSIDE DIMENSIONS
NOTATION
E = Joint efficiency,page 1 7
P=D pe r s o e m i s a sgl aul n or w =ex O a ubr radius,
. l t einches
s i d e
w op r r pke si sn u gs r: eO u id ti asi m i n e d= tc ee hr ,
S= S vt o rm
a ae pl t ps e u ssr ai e= W a if t l g h ai , i c e k n ln ec s l sh , e
1 8 9 C.A: = Comosionallowance,inches
A
CYLINDRICAL SHELL ( LS EO A N
+ PR
P = R y;4t
R * = SE + 0.4P .
b
B
SPHERE and HEMISPHERICAL HEAD
PR
P - ~ y; B*
f = 2SE + 0.8P .
@
f 1 F h w e i ao s at t fh r d .loua r t asiu e gnft fhgsi thce
R o t h t s ej h hi i oi la e t fi te leed hnf o fl is t hca f
d’ o t s i et hh a e m h f ae s d n e .
R P
S t E h , e
1-3,shallbe applied.
c
2:1 ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD
PD
h P=D~l—
‘= 2S45+1,8P .
- +
1 F e l l hi po wes o t ai hr d. odra t eal m s h art ,a hei j
u m a ii o tnx t 2 so hC hi :Ar e paso e1ps1 r e- nd n 4 ,
h = D14
23
E X
DESIGN DATA:
P = IOOpsidesignpressure E = 1.OOjointefficiency
ofseamlessheads
S = 17500psistressva1ueof l? =48inchesoutsideriidius
SA515-70plate@650°F D= 96 inchesoutsidediameter
E= O.8&efliciencyofspot-examined t =Requiredwallthickness,
inches
joints ofshellandhemis.headtoshell C.A.= 0.125inchescorosionallowance
E = 1.00,jointefficiencyofseamless
100x96
8 p. + 2X
x 17500x1.0X
t=
2 x 17500 X 1 1 . . 0
96-1.8 xO.273 = 100psi
+C.A. 0,125in.
0.398in.
Use0.4375in.min.thickhead
I P N
FORMULASIN TERMSOF OUTSIDEDIMENSIONS
N ~ A T I O N
Outsidediameter.inches
P = Designpressureor max. allowable ~ = one half of the included(apex)
w o p r r psi
ke si sn u g r ea dn eg g l r e e ,e s
S= S v & o m a e a pl ts p e u ssr aLi e= O
a fi l gu r t , oa dse dii i din esuc sh
r = I kn n sr u ai i c dd nk i e lc u e h
E = J e of f ip i c 1i en a n c t y g7, = W t e h 2ai ic k n ln ec s l sh , e
R=O ur t a i s d ni i dc u e hC.A:
s =e, C os r a r l ol ois wi n ao nnc c eh
)
CONE CONICAL SECTION
PD p= 2bsEfCos CY
‘=2 Cos CY(SE+ O.4P) D –0.8t a
d
1 T h a a a h apnn g gl re.t el e3 of eaxh t, e0a t
@L 2 W
“ i hg rt e 3e snah p.a0t a ne eai rasc r°e l i qny au , s
( A C p 1po e- dn 5 d ( e i ex ) )
E A F sL A MD N GI H EN
ES D HE ED
( T O R I S P HHE R I EC A L A D
W h = 1e n 6 L 2/ r /
0.885PL SEt
P=
2=SE + 0.8P 0.885L– O.8t
f W Lh T ee1 h 6 sn a2 s
.
i
PL M 2SEt
f= 2SE+P(M– O.2)’ ‘= ML –t(ikf-O.2)
VALUES OF FACTOR M
2 2. 3 .0 3. 5 0 4 .0 0 5. 50 6 .5 0
‘ 1 / 1. 2 .r2 2. 7 5 3. 2 5 4 .7 5 5. 2 5 6 .0 5 . 00
M 1 1. 1. 0 .0 0 16 0
% ‘
7
●
: L-t = D 2
.
25
E X
3ESIGN DATA:
P = IOOpsidesignpressure D = 96inchesoutside
dimeter
S = 17500psistressvalueof ~ = 3@onehalfoftheapexmgle
SA 515-70plate@650°F L = 96inchesoutsideradiusofdish
E = 0.85,efficiency
ofspot-examinedjoints t = Requiredwallthickness,
inches
E = 1.00,jointefficiencyofseamlessheads C.A = 0.125inchescomosionallowmce
R = 48inchesoutsideradius
SEE DESIGN DATAABOVE SEE DESIGN DATAABOVE
:0s 30° = 0.866 Determine the maximum allowable
Determine the required thickness, t working pressure, P for 0.500 in. thick
of a cone cone.
00 96
‘=2 x0.866X(l\50; X0.85+Oc4X100) =
=0.372 in. ~= 2X 17500XC).85X
().5()()X().866= 134psi
96- (0.8xO.500xO.866)
+-CA. 0.125in.
0.497in.
Use:0.500in.thickplate
I E P
F
NOTATION
P = Internal or external design pressure psi E=joint efficiency
d =Inside diameter ofshell, in.
S =Maximumaflowable stiessvalue ofmaterial, psi
t = Minimum required thickness of head, exclusive of corrosion allowance, in.
t~ = Actual thickness of head exclusive of corrosion allowance, in.
tr = Minimumrequired thicknessof seamless shell for pressure, in.
t~ = Actual thickness of shell, exclusive of corrosion allowance, in.
27
I E P
E
DESIGNDATA
P = 300 psi design pressure E=joint efficiency
d =24in. inside diameter ofshell
s =15,0001psi maximum allowable stress value of SA-515-60 plate
tr =0.243 i required thickness
n of seamless
. shell for pressure.
t~ =0.3125 in. actual thickness ofshell.
DETERMINE THE MINIMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS, t
t~ 1.250
Checking the limitationof — = — = 0.052,
d 24
0.243
c = 0.33 ; = 0,33 — = 0.26
s 0.3125
Using thicker plate for shell, alesser thickness wfil be satisfactory for the head
t~ = 0.375 i n .
0.243
c = 0.33 + = 0.33 — = 0.214
0.375
2 m = 6 in”
- .. . . . .... . .
“
28
TEMPERATURE,
F MAXIMUMALLOWABLENON-SHOCKpRESSURE PSIG.
P F
STATIC HEAD
The fluid in the vessel exerts pressure on the vessel wall. The intensity of the
pressure when the fluid is at rest is equal in all directions on the sides or
bottom of the vessel and i d t t h u eo t h i f s gae l o ht be up t o iof he v di
a w t h p ri ie ch cso nst hs u i dre e e r e ds .
T s ht hwa e a t ph pi ae sl ci eb c had a bnt ad lt e d dl ep le rh s eoe dt i s osg e u n hr
v e s s e l .
T t ab h bs e lt l rh e e o lsb oha w
e t t it wpo w rne eaes h hes sn eo ut n i re eg h
w a t e r .
T f t pi r fe hnas os o udf ot ren lt e h wu hretai y v tdr a ag es hil irnt u , v e e eh
t as bb hm ul la ew t i tl sp s li lpi gee hdt rc o tia fhf v i e icl co htn su yi d e i rf ae t di
P r ie P s osp uSu r qIn e efud Dnn asi f rH rfoc eeo eWr he a nar t d t se
H e a d ,
F o e 1 e2 3t 4 5 6 7 8 9
b
w
a a F at h e r e e .q n rp h u et4p oia r t p elu3s s s iqns 3 uue nd r a e c
T f t p i r pe shns qsi o ufdeu aren fae h r ocnr e n eg e i h tie rt ao y va ta dbhe bt o n
m u t l f t h i b ep.h e l 4y e a 3e t d3 y .
H o eW ai aF dC t o er sr ee s f tper oC n nde P
it nr rg t e as si o un r
i P o p Su qnI eud nn as r rc e h
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
i t
30
T
f q c u o om i po ra cr e i r qps k out nl hi ir aace weight
fk d t n forevarious
ne s smaterialsdand
at different degree of radiographic examination.
Table A shows the stress value of the most frequently used shell and head materials.
Table B shows the ratios of these stress values.
EXAMPLE:
1. Foravesselusing SA 5 15-70 plate, whenspotradiographed, therequiredthickness
0.4426 inches and the weight of the vessel 12600 lbs.
2. What plate thickness will be required and what will the weight of the vessel be,
using SA 285-C plate and fill radiographic examination:
In case 1. The stress value of the material 14875
In case 2. The stress value of the material 13800
The ratio of the two stress values tlom Table B = 1.08. In this proportion will be
increased the required plate thickness and the weight of the vessel.
0.4426 x 1.08 = 0.4780 in.
12600 X 1.08= 13608 lb.
31
E P X
D eP rs e is gs un r e
T P re e s s s u tr e
S i n g vl e e - d ws e a s ls f l ei v gl a n so ocep d ua v ru ar to m c i s n ua rb hlul ma y
s u b t j a e i c n t ht e y ed d r r t on oso ant w ael t a ih hcys d r teo t si trn ane t i c
p r a c t ai pc na be l t ue m ,U e-a (t soi c t9 f . G 9 )
P n e tu m
C e a U t - soi c t 1d : 0e G 0
E PRESSUREX
FORMULAS
N O T A T I O N
P= External design pressure, psig.
P = Maxunumallowableworking pressure, psig.
d.= Outside diameter, in.
L = the length, in. ofvessel section between:
1. circumferential line on a head at one-third the depth of the
head-tangent line,
2. stiffening rings
3. jacket closure
4. cone-toqdinderjunction or knuckle-to-cylinderjunction of
a toriconicalhead or section,
5. tube sheets (see pa e 39)
t = Minimum requiredwa fithickness, in.
A. m CYLINDRICAL SHELL
2
Seamless or with Longitudinal Butt Joints
When D./l equal to or greater than 10
the maximum allowable pressure:
D. 4B
1~ , A Pa =
3(D0It )
t. — T value of B hshall be determined
e by the fol-
lowing procedure:
1. Assume a value for t; See pages 49-511)
t i Determine L/DQ a b oI n d
A 2 E Fn U G t i O ( e - g42)
.2P rat8 the.a. value
O g
m of L/DO. E a n5 w t L/Dpheis greater r e t 0
! z than 50, and at 0.05 when L/D. is l e
0.05.
3. M h oo r i z t vo t n tl a e rl el ipyh r e s ne o
~ F O t p r/ o oi t noh t ie. rm m s nev ce ot t i eo
B . t l t dc e a t t el v r l m o ayf i h n aAol e c u te
4 E t n a p t p lhme i ac. crat be (e lh r e p i a aa
4 3a t v- o4 aA M h7 l v ) e o ur tt tet iev c fa
a p p t he cm ap l eb r l i a e t nu r e *
A 5 F t ir n t e orhm s e h. cm o to r i ieo zan ov n t a
r t v e o aB ha l du e e f .
u C o t m m p a u ax h t l i el m wo uw o e p amr b kr l
z
2 s Pa.u r e ,
u If the maximum allowable working pressure is
z t A smaller than the design pressure, the design
E procedure must be repeated increasing the ves-
M
Lal
L sel thickness or decreasing L b s t i rf f ei n
F * v F ao A l f o ua t tl er l l s o i t efnh g
a p p tl ei mc pa leb r lt a ie vt u nof
r a ePOh e l
c b c a l a bc t u fl ao tn r eeh md u l y ae
t ~ A
1 Pa =
s 1
!-$? 3 /t) ( D 0
2 W t hv oaD eh il l no tu e 1e /e th fs t
g i i t Cv U eGoh - 2 n s8 d ( n Che )
W S TI I F RF T E b aG N p
N II H N p Gl i e de .
33
E X
D E DATA
S I G N
P = IS e x dt e epressure
r sn ai l g n
D. = 96 in. outside diatmeter of the shell
Length o t v fe ths ra sl n t ef ot ge i al e l nmn 4n igf t O ie n=e 5n o i ett n : 7 8
H 2 e e l a l i :pd s o s i d 1 a l
M a o t s e S rh- i C eap 2 l ll f8 la A 5t e
T e m p 5e r Fa t 0 u r e 0 °
E = M o of delasticity
u ol m u a s t2 e7 ,r 0i p 0a @05l f , ,“s 0 ( 0 c0 i0 s Jh . ae? 0
o p 4 ) a g n e 3
Since tlie maximum allowable pressure is smaller than the design pressure
P stiffening rings shall be provided.
Using 2 stiffening rings equally spaced between the tangent lines of the heads,
Length of one vessel section, L = 200 in.(length of shell 192 in. plus one third
of depth of head 8 in.)
L/DO= = = =
* = from chart (page
a
s 3000 f c r( h 4 po a a rm 3 g t e )
G d e t e b r t m p i r n oe dhcd ee sd o cuy r er i e b e
: ‘ f ap c a i g0 n eg .
+
‘ = 4 xQ 3000/3 x 192= 20.8 psi.
“ Pa =o 4B/3(DOlr)
●
‘k GG
* Since the maximum allowable pressure P. is
‘; greater than the design pressure P, the assumed
thickness of shell using two stiffening rings,
is satisfactory.
i “00
*Z
See page 40 for design of stiffening rings.
34
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
FORMULAS
NOTATION
P = External design pressure psig.
Pa = Maximum allowable working pressure psig.
DO = Outside diameter of the head, in.
RO = Outside radius of sphere or hemispherical head, 0.9D0 for ellipsoidal
heads, inside crown radius of flanged and dished heads, in.
= Minimum required wall thickness, inches.
; = Modulus of elasticity of material, psi. (page 43)
SPHERE and HEMISPHERICAL HEAD
The maximum B
allowable pressure: ‘“ = (RO/t)
The value of B shall be determined by the followingpro-
cedure:
1. Assume the value for t and calculate the value of
A using the f o r m u / ( l) (seea page49)
:
2 E t n a p t p ml h ei a c c. t ar e(b hel r p4e i a a3aa l rg-
t v o a A. h Move
l vertically
u e to ethe applicable f
temperature line.*
3. From the intersection move horizontally and read
t
R. R. t v o aB h l u e e f .
DO *For values of A falling to the left of the appli-
t- - cable temperature line, the value of POcan be cal-
~~–•°à–•Tá–•Xæ–•
culated by the formula:Pc = 0.0625V~R0/ t ):
If the maximum allowable working pressure f’. com-
puted by the formula above, is smaller than the design
pressure, a greater value for [ must be selected and
the design procedure repeated.
2:1 ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD
The required thickness shall be the greater of the
following thicknesses.
I (1) The thickness as computed by the formulas
R. given for internal pressure using a design pres-
sure 1.67 times the external pressure and joint
t +% efficiency E= 1.00.
DO
(2) The thickness proofed by formula Fa=BARo/1)
where&=O.9 00, and B to be determined as for
sphere.
ASMEFLANGED
ANDDISHED
HEAD
( T O R I S P HH E R I EC A L A D
R.
The required thickness and maximum allowable pres-
( sure shall be computed by the procedures given for
+ f, ellipsoidal
W heads. (See above)ROmaximum=D,,
35
E X
DESIGN DATA:
P = 15psigexternal design pressure
Do= 96 inches outside diameter of head
Material of the head SA-285C plate
500°F design temperature
Pa = 8 5 0 0 / ( 4 8 . 0= 04 / 0 .p245 ) ,s 2 i 7 .
E P X
FORMULAS
CONE A CONICAL
N SE(XION D
L WHEN a IS EQUALTOORLESSTHAN60<
‘a and Dl\r, > 10
AX The m a ax l i l pmo r wu e am
s bs l u e r
4
D ,
L ‘ = 3(D,/f,.) “
1 A s a v s forauthickness,
ml ~., e u e
s The valuesof B s b determined
h a by thel
l% followingprocedure:
, n .L/Dl
2 D e t t eL., r andmthe iratios e and ,
te D1/te
a L 3. Enter chart UGO-28(page42) at the wdue
I of LJDI (.L/D&)( a 5 wn L/Dl
E t h e
is greater than 5 M h o or0 i tz tov n t
a line representing~it. From the point of
DI intersection move vefically to determine
factor A,
‘1 4. Enter the applicable material chart at
the value of A* and move verticallyto the
line of applicable temperature. From the
NOTATION intersection move horizontally and read
A = factordeterminedfrom the value of B.
fig.UGO-21L0(page , 5 C4 o t m m p2 a u ax h tl i . l ewmo owu e arm
B = fhctordetermined from pressure,Pa.
charts (pages 4 3 4 7 )
a = o h o t ian n
c lh l I eu Pa fdis s f e e mdt at dl h l ep f er has etr si sn
( aa pdn eeg
g xl r d )e e e t ,e ds s i pe gr hs o nmust
ci ,be
e repeated
gd e u n r
Dl = outside diameter at the increasing the thickness or decreasingL b
large end, in. using of stiffeningrings.
D s= outside diameter at the
small e i n n
●F v
d .
oa A f ol at ut l l e ol r t sia e h n fp g
E = modulusof elasticityof
cable line, the value of P can be calculated
material (page 43)
L = length of cone, in. (see by the formula:
page 39) Pa = 2A E/3(D,/t,.)
Le = equivalent length of For cones havingD A ratio smallerthan 10,
conicalsection, see Code UG-33(~(b)
in.(L/’2)(l+D~/Df)
P = external
. design pressure, W HI G ER ETN A 6 a TH E S RA 0
Pa = flbum allowable The thicknessof the conesshallbe the sameas
workingpressure, psi the required t h i f c a kf nh e o lt se s
t = minimumrequired o w e h qt i l u a co a r hfu hl g t
t h i ic k n e sn s d , i oa t. mc e ot he nr ef e .
te = effectivethickness,in. P r a o d v er eiq i dun o f ate o ctr coe i n n h
= t Cos a c y j l u i nSn cp d t 1 eu ar e e . g5
37
E X
DESIGN DATA
F’ = 15 psi external design pressure
Material of the cone SA 285-C plate
500 F design temperature
CONICAL HEAD
D( = 9 i a =2n d e2 6 g. D, =r. O e e5 s
Determine the required thickness, t L
Length, f. =( D1/2)hncx=48/.4142= 115.8,say 116in (1
1. Assume a head thickness, t, 0.3125 in.
2. fe = t cosa=O.3125x .9239 = 0.288; A7
L, =L/2 ( / )l= 1 X+D(1 + 0/96)
6 D = 581/ 2 1
L, /~, =58/96 =0.6 L), Ite = 96/,288 = 333 w
3. A =0.00037 ( cf ph r 4 a oa r mt 2g , e )
4 ~ = (5 c, f 2ph r 04 a. 0oa r mt g3 , e )
4B 4 X 5,200 = 20.8 psi.
5 p,, = .
3(D,/t@) =
3(333)
Since the maximum allowable pressure is greater than the design pressure, the
assumed plate thickness is satisfactory.
L e L n= [ (gD r D
t J )h / 2=], / 2t a n4 a= / . i 45 7 17 4n . 6 .
a 0 i . 3 n7
2 t =tC O s ~ ) . . 8 3. 6 , 76 =5 0 . 3 2 4
X( O
m Le=(L/2)(1 + D~\Dl)=41.6\2 X
1 + 9 6 = /3 1 4 4 4. ) 6 7
I L Le/D[ = 3 4 . 6 7 / 1 4 4 = 0 . 2 4 1
D1/te= 1 4 4 / 4 0 . 3 2 44 = 4
$ w ’
3. A =0.00065 (from chart, page42J
4 B= 8( , c f 6 ph r 04 a. oa0 r mt 3g ,
2 - 1 4 4 - 94 6
4 X8 6 0
2 5. pa = 4B =
1 4 4 3(DJr J 3 X (144/0.324)
= 25.8 p s i .
S t i m an xah cl i l mpeo ruw e P.
eam is sbgreater
ls ethan
u the
r de ep rs e i s sg u
P, the assumed thickness is satisfactory.
EXAMPLES &
39
E P X
FORMULAS
7
L
J
o
Use L in calculation as shown when
the strength of joints of cone to cylin-
L der does not meet the requirements
T
described on pages 163-169 It will
result the thickness for the cone not
less than the minimumrequired thick-
R ness for the joining qdindrical shell.
r
L.
1
-a
40
E P X
DESIGN OF STIFFENING RINGS
NOTATION
A : Factor determined from the chart (page 42) for the material used in the
stiffening ring.
A, = Cross sectional area of the stiffening ring, sq. in.
DO= Outside Diameter of shell, in.
E = Modulus of elasticity of material (see chart on page 43)
1, = Required moment of inertia of the stiffening ring about its neutral axis parallel
to the axis of the shell, in.4.
f’,, = Required moment of inertia of the stiffening ring combined with the shell
section which is taken as contributing to the moment of inertia. The width of
the shell section 1.10 @ in.4.
L, = The sum ofone-halfofthe distances on both sides of the stiffening ring from
the center line of the ring to the (1) next stiffening ring, (2) to the head line at
depth, (3) to a jacket connection, or (4) to cone-to-cylinderjunction, in.
P = External design pressure, psi.
t = Minimum required wall thickness of shell, in.
I. Select the type of stiffening ring and determine its cross sectional area A
II. Assume the required number of rings and distribute them equally between
jacketed section, cone-to-shell junction, or head line at % of its depth and
determine dimension, L,.
111.Calculate the moment of inertia of the selected ring or the moment of inertia of
the ring combined with the shell section (see page 95).
IV. The available moment of inertia ofa circumferential stiffening ring shall not be
less than determined by one of the following formulas:
~, = Do’L,(t+A]L)A D02L,(t+A~L)A
.s 10.9 {,= ~
The value of A shall be determined by the following procedure:
1. Calculate factor B using the formula:
“’[*J
2. Enter the applicable material chart (pages 43 -47) at the value of B and move
horizontally to the curve of design temperature. When the value of B is less than
2500, A can be calculated by the formula: A = 2B/E.
3. From the intersection point move vertically tothebottom of the chart andreadthe
value of A.
4. Calculate the required moment of inertia using the formulas above.
If the moment of inertia of the ring or the ring combined with the shell section is greater
than the required moment of inertia, the stiffening of the sheH is satisfactory. Otherwise
stiffening ring with larger moment of inertia must be selected, or the number of rings
shall be increased.
Stiffening ring for jacketed vessel: Code UG-29 (f)
41
E X
D E DATA:
S I G N
P= 1 p ,e xs dt e epi r r s5ne . asi sl g u rn e .
D.= 9 i o u nd t i sao. t m i s 6 de , ht e ehe r l fl e .
L eo t nv gfe ths ra h st n t ef ot ge i al e l nmn 4n igf t O ie n=e 5n o i et n : 7
H 2 e e l a l i :pd s o s i d 1 a l
M a o t t es tr i i rf haf S el - in i f ne ng 3 g A 6
T e m p 5e r Fa t 0 u r e 0 °
E= M o o de l u a ols m t u ai sct2 ie7 t ,rf y0i p 0a@05l f , ‘,s 0 ( 0 c 0 i0 s h . ae
o p 4 a 3g n e )
1 = 0 i . t h 5 i o csn 0 k nh 0 e se. s l f l
I A a o n6 x 4 g - s l .e5n l e /e cf 1 t
z = s3 i 4 . 0q n , 3 . .
II. U 2 s s t ii fr fn e i ngq i n nu g ag
s pb ea o t cn wet e -de td e eh ni hp r
o h ( e f i as gLj =du1 e in.
rf s e e) 9 ,
III. T m o oh m i ne o e tne r t t i
selected angle: 11.4in.
1. T v o aF h a lc t uo e r e1 3f
B= 3/4[PDOjct =
= 2095
2 S t i v no a B hi c l l . e u e e e
t 2 h 5 a0 0 n ,
A = 2BiE. =
2 X 2095/27,000,000= 0.00015
E P X
CONSTRUCTION OF STIFFENING RINGS
LOCATION
Stiffening rings may be placed on the inside or outside of a vessel.
SHAPEOF RINGS
T r m i b h o nr e ac g t oea a ns og y u s let eafn rc h t i e ro y n r s .
CONSTRUCTION
I i p r e ft ue rp a ilb tc l ssoae n st t a rcoe ou emc pst o is innt ge -s s et c ti ri of n f i e n
r at ut hs hs t easai tnr r nd us n ac hg trT ua dr r p ae f le th a sl ns. h oo oi ei ni n oe r
t d i f f oih rc u o l h t l i eseel ts ri aus n c fh vtgb ua a ry pba leel uo sct n,as ue t shoc
s t a i td r j t t t u ich yus or not vht ase t g Fhu o l reh e ed a li o avfrl eme t . ge s rt s ee
m a xp e i r m o i uos rsm io b uul c ne r d n ei eat 1a s–f 2 si u g l bnn te t nac w
t s a h t h r e T ni c lh benhe l l idg aimie t i . vn s ae tnmr eeh tde o i t m cr f aibe l ie h r
c o o t pu ui ls he act T tt s ti f eeo ccen hbtsnf .i col a i ne ansu o rs mn t ot e ee l a
a t b u h tn t -t weo e igld pd en e ltd h a e c r e n .
DRAIN AND VENT
S t i r f pf i e li ntn aei r gc no h ehsso rd i is z nd hhoe nea het aaof l gl oa l tv s l ae
b o f dt r t a oo ia t nm t a nf gr v eh Poe r do a nct o et hi pt c o r aa 3.lani l y ln
d i ah ma t e ob t oe a l rh1%
t i t ed noitn e ahm ma ct ed ot t i hse a l rht i o s fe a tc e
a d n a on tf s oef ct deo hrns cd tFei tt iisA eo gns s u. r e .
F t m ao xah oi s m r l uhreu mn ees u pblc pf efo lor c tg te ai d s u t is a f ef e
r s iC Fn oei Ug Gg d., u’ e 2 re 9 .e 2 .
WELDING
According to the ASME Code (UG 30): Stiffener rings may be attached “to the
shell by continuous or intermittent welding. The total length of intermittent
welding on each side of the stiffener ring shall be:
1 f r o i t oo n u nt ghl. s r t i s ode no hehe t, s o aan tu c s it hrln cs ue mi ff ed er ee
o t v e sh s e fle ;
2 f r o i t oi n no t ghs.v r esi n nlshd et s e o ee o t fh l e o h,st nac t i i s rn rh ce
f e o tr v e e n s hc s e e f l e .
W c h o r ea r l o rl si o t i ebw op a nr n o ct v es i t di rfes ho fdse e , bin ah i t ne antg a lc g
t the shell with continuous filleto or seal weld.ASME. Code (UG.30.)
M S pa a cx i n. g
1 tf i n rt oe ri n2 a rn l
8t f e x rt o1e ri n ar n l
1
F iA g u r e F iB g u r e
E X A M R P LO : T 1 G
I E UN Sx 3 Il Sf D %wE
i o lg6 ec l ” te” l . t r d
R II NN S? Gx 2I l SDf 4wE
i o lg6 ec l ” te“ l . tr d
T f w t l h e ei s g b -e nhl esl tit a dzt e osel h m ols at hae fl t o l s l en1l hiose wt i n /f ge
t t h i o cvh k w e n o es seta s sia t f e jlf f le o n l hie r r n tt e .
49
~“ 1 30 040“ 50 602 70 ”80 090 100 110 120 130140 150 160170 180 190200
SPHERICAL, ELLIPSOIDAL, FLANGED AND DISHED HEADS
(Specified yield strength 30,000 to 38,000 p i n sc l u is i v ,e )
T f t r i e hq hnut hi e oi r d1c Deke aedn t e Res2d rEs m: t inc n . aet th vh e a , a. r hr
o R 3 M v e o r t t t i ev cfm ,ap .llee lr4 yaM
i t uh nroo oer i e za ovr n, tt a. ele nl y a
I
t = R e qh u t ih e ir ci e k ad n e s dn s , .
R = F h e m i so ph h e etr i i c ar a nlr d has i s d i , i d eu n e s , .
F 2 e l l o i h:p s 0 oe i .r d a1 a9 l dx Ds 0
F f l a a od n ih g n s et r i hda ncedd hsrdrs ai i,o RmW=Do
dd e w
i e u nn s ,
D. = Outside diameter of the head, in.
50
323. 525.
5m. 502
475. 475
a m 6a
-Q5 e
Qo. a
37s 375
35a 350.
s 225
3m. 2m.
27s 27s.
Zm. m
225 2Z-3.
2ca a
175 r?s.
Isa (5a
1= 123.
Im Ice.
!Ea L I D ! 5
14 l
Isa 1 3
laa 1 2
I la ,
Ioa I
m 90.
m. m
70. n).
30. a
3a 30.
Q. a
2a m
m. m.
la !0.
3 d 5 67*9 2 3 * 5 0 7 a o ,..
1.
C Y L I N DS R I C
H A LE L L
( S
facing page f e xe p l a o en a t i o nr )
51
10 Is ,Xl .25 .32 .sS .4 .5s .50 .% .(M .05 .70 75 .s0 .03 .90 .95 !.00
525” S5
Soo. X0.
4?5. 415
492. 441
-Q5 45.
-QO. -no.
3n 3T5
330. 330.
325 325
\
o ~. X
n
2 7 ’ 5 . 2?s
—’2EQ. ?3a
2?5. 2ZS
ma 290.
ITS. 17S
,3. Isa
125 !25
ICo. ICC..
.10 . 15 .20 .2s .= ,35 .Q .65 .542 .55 .m .63 .m .75 .m .55 .90 .s5 ,.m
t =
C Y L I N DS R I H
C A LE L L
( S p ye c s i i tf ir3e e e d0 t nl 3 , g d8t0p hi , 0n 0sc 0 l 0u ois 0 i v ,e )
T f t r i e sq hn ut hhi o i rdce e ke dn l e s l s :
1 E l n c o t ( h wf e p a. e ar act r vr i g ont aL ehg l ) u t e e
2 M h o or i z t ocv n t ur .a eel prl ry evDs e e n ot si n g .
M v e o r t t t i ev c m a p lle l r ya ti u ro e n e
4 M h o or i z a ov rn t D.a el e nl y o a /d d t
5 E c n a h t a bt a ev o . or raD vh t l eo u t e / e f t
6 M h o or i z t ocv n t D.au el l ry v o e
7 M v e o r dt i va c roa . lt e l v ewyn o at han l d du e e f
t =
= o s ih e ln l f , .
L = L eo t vn oeg v hst s e ehs st c efasteat li l e okra o l nt r ehf , og l n e l h oss e w t i
1 D i bs et t att nwa !c e.nohe t ieg h ne np e on e hte t al o ths d nfu eio es hrs pe
t h r a in u e ni s r go e sn de t , .
2 T g r d e ih ab s t et ae at. t se naw t ck e snej etw a i nr fc fi ei ye nonn ti ng n g s
3 T d i f s ht t c ar noe t. ceohfn es tti mi her f er tf rt e hisnf tei nt ane hg n gag
l p o i thirdl of t n h n u d eeie h s ep l t n e h d , .
T h e
P J “ Bo N a. A s C eSe.A , dod M . . d.nC wde FE hn V eid aTe a hn rsi ” c d s kt n es e
H Y D R O CP AR RO BC O E5N SN S 5 IM N 1G , po 2 9a 51 7. , y7 6 . .
L P
o J “ g S ia m A.np pl , i tp f. . r..i P, oeA r daVe c H seh sD s ueeo Hsr s Yeie Da g Rl nO d,C ”A
N o v1 ep 2 m 9 b 6e 7 r 5 6 . .
C o p y r i g h t e d
52
D T T
WIND LOAD
VELOCITY PRESSURE, q
Basic wind speed, mph, Y 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Velocity Pressure p 0.00256 V2,q 13 17 21 26 31 37 44
53
COEFFICIENT G (Gust r f c w E C
Abo?eE~~~~d,il. EXPOSUREB EXPOSUREC EXPOSURED
0-15 0.6 1.1 1.4
20 0.7 1.2 1.5
40 0.8 1.3 1.6
60 0.9 1.4 1.7
80 1.0 1.5 1.8
100 1.1 1.6 1.9
140 1.2 1.7 2.0
200 1.4 1.9 2.1
300 1.6 2.0 2.2
500 1.9 2.3 2.4
The area of caged ladder maybe approximated as 1 sq. ft. per lineal il. Area of
platform 8 sq. Il.
Users of vessels usually specifi for manufacturers the wind pressure without
reference to the height zones or map areas. For example: 30 lb. per sq. fl. This
specified pressure shall be considered to be uniform on the whole vessel.
The total wind pressure on a tower is the product of the unit pressure and the
projected area ofthetower. With good arrangement of the equipment the exposed
area of the wind can be reduced considerably. For example, by locating the ladder
90 degrees from the vapor line.
EXAMPLE:
Determine the wind load, F
DESIGN DATA:
t w b s V = 1 m
v d D = 6 fi~
vessel height, H = 80 ft.
Diameter of tower, D = 6 ft.
Height of the tower, H = 80 ft.
The tower located in flat,
unobstructed area, exposure .. D
The wind load, F=q x G x (9.8xA
qf t r a= psf
ob l2m e 6
G from table = 1.8
Shape factor = 0.8
Area, A = DH = 6 x 80 = 480 sq. ft.
F =26X 1.8X 0.8X 480= 17,971 Ibs.
MAP W S
(miles per hour)
. r-v
u
—
(q 90
i
i
j----- ---
---- =- i m
“r ~-i_.. _.T‘-.’
i----
. .. . .. . ... ...
my
,-—---- —--
/
‘&—— I i .- \kl
,, ~ A L A
‘ S K ’, A 2
.
M W S
(miles per hour)
D T T
WIND LOAD
T t b a hg e b t i lw l epvo re i h eew
f s v nss au he r ode e ai si o g bg u rhf os t ot vs u o
a i r n d be i t c ma a t s eah d p y e .
W P RI E p SWN S TU H H
DR O ER EIH Z O w●NN T EA L
C SR E OSC QTSO IU
R SEO C
A TN AR N * G
E U L R
A R
H E I G H
M AT R A E A P S
l 2 3 3 4 4 o 5 5 0 5 0 5 0
I 2 2 0 5
30 to 49 I 20
[ 50 to 99 I 25 I 30 I 40 I 45 I 50 I 55 I 60
I 100 to 499 I 30 I 40 I 45 I 55 I 60 I 70 I 75
EXAMPLE
F t wi p rinh P
e fs nd sm eur d r a e o w
p m .
T v ie i h ns tt s oe enpe i dO
le ekr s dl aw
a ht oi ohie tm wian , p c ri h m e h s n ss n e
a m r a 3 I r t e km 0aeh a t d w rai p . rnihe es f sp v ns a au he rr od ez i s ioa o ug r n rs h
I t h ez hli t o g 3e nfh hen 2t s l ape ts s f n b 0e .q t 5 . r . .
I t h ez hfi o3g t r 4nh fen 3t o l pe s mt f 0b oe 9 q . t 0 . r . .
F c y l i ton d t or i v ch wra as l e ebl hm suur al eebt si ls p f lh l i a0 ee a td c t .p t h y oe 6
w p ri ie d s ni s f z uf d rewo reb 1e n ain n 1t e l lp ssn f l r bee se 5p qde tc 8 t .i vr e .
I m e q a u i a p na m t e f tnty trta st c hi o i eahe dw v t iieo sen a rtc bs r tl s eeh a h
f a( a cc ct t oB r ro d o uir wnt n0g e f l c . loy )l i v8on dpe ro si5 c sra l e l .
U o sv e eu s s rss u pe sfa elmlf acs nl ui fyo aft c tw
y u rp e r rri hs w
e s in rs t eu h d re o
e r t t e h n ez c h i oo emg ano h e rF et ae e xs a a3 or m l sp p p .s l f reTb : e q h t0
s p e p c r i se f sib hecs odu na r st eibl du e ln r oeei t d f w o v ohr hee m o s snl ee
Relationbetweenwindpressureand windvelocitywhenthe horizontalcrosssection
is circular,is givenby the formula:
Pw= 0.0025 X VW* w Ph = we p r i l e pe s s n fs W u b dre qe t
Vw = w v e i ml o n c i p dt y
E X A M P L E
W o 1i m v n e 0 el p d o xa pcf 0er i eht r s y st u s r e :
Pw= 0 .x Vwz=
0 2 p0 op2 e r s uq5u a r ne f o o dt po r5ne ts hs ue rpe r o j e oc ft ea dc a yr el ai n d r
v ae a h s oe 3s f i ea g gle b h r t oot e uf v0 nt ed .
T t w o hp tri eo a s tne s l i ou t d r p we r o oehtn du r pu sr cneh ea t st i s f ue n
p r o a j oe t cr t t eoW ed hgw ai ea r or f r aet no . gto ee hmq edu n t hit ep mx e pf h ne o
a o t rw c eb ihr e anca do f neu s di cd F en eer ea dxb l aby ol .m o p tc l l a er ta , i hd n
9 d e f g t rvr e l a e o0h i s p nm o e e r .
57
M W P
.
58
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
WIND LOAD
~ =
v= t=R2nSE
hr(V- P.D, h,)
N O T A T I O N
W o ti v
= wde i hnst si e suh f l etfta e t l ic hot
E E f f o it cw i jee no hl c iy d n e f t e d s
=
r L a ef
= rv e tm r , .
D i f s b t t ras naeu cocc eons tn s mii df d eoe roean
=
H,HIHZ= L oe v noe v g ss e te sfs ch e st f il e ot r l n
M =M a mx o(i t mbm uf el a ma hn s t t be t
h, MT =M oa h mhe f el i n g ~t t h b t t ,
~z = - ~
t
R =M r oea v dei a si s u n en s l f ,
T s =S vt o m ra a eo lat s es cu rsp t t i e rau fs l e a
v =T s olh te ab rl , .
J_ - - f =R e dt q h ui c ci o kr ren e rxe docsi sl ,iu od nen
D2
E X A M P L E :
t G i =v 4 e ’= n - : = 0 ”=
= 4 ’= p- 0 s”
D e tt ew rm m ioih n m e n e e nd t
Y~ = HI + (HZ12)
= H1[2= 28’-0” = 78’-0”
Pw X D X H = V X h = M
I L o w e r
I S e 3 cX 4 X
t 5 i= 6 o X 2n =7 1 08 2 8 6 , 0 1
D] U p p e r
1 i S e 30’cX 3 X
t 44 i= 3,960o Xn78 = 308,880
h2 1a 0 l M,4 69 f l 78 , 0 0
T o t v =
HI
M oa t bm to e a hlt n n t t gi o te e mnn t e
h, MT = M – – 0 = . 5
– 4 - X X4 X =
t ! :) 1
3 ’ - E X
6 A ”M P L E :
- D, G Ni D1 =v 3 ft. 6ein. H n= 100ft. : Oin. hT = 4 ft. Oin.
, P ~l a t f 4 o = r pm s f
x 2 D e tt ew r m m ioih n m e n e e nd t
k 5 1 = H12= 50 f Oi t n . .
4u
Pw x D] X H = V X h, = M
z V e 30 x s 3.5 xs 100 e = 1l 0X 5 ,= 5 5 2 0 5
> % L a 3 xd 9 l d f e i= r2 t =n ,04 = 819 . 4. 4 4
4 Platform
F 30 x 8 lin. ft. = 2 x 9 = 24 3
! ‘ T o t oa V = 1l 3 M ,= 6 6 9 82
I O I g
M o a t mb eot anht l ntt g oi t e m n n f t I e
z - k = M – hT (V g
f – 0 PwD, h=) ~ =. 5
II 6 9 – 24 ( , 1 1– 30 0 X, 3 0 X
6 3 8.X 4 0= 6 . 3 5 8
= ~ ‘ <0 ’ - ’ f l
~ s !‘ - J ’ m . S- tE X = A “ EFl M CP OL M EO L S
B I O N P REA 6DA D
59
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
The weight of the vessel results compressive stress only when eccentricity does not
exist and the resultant force c o i wn ct ia i d o et xshtv e U ih sh s et s u s e a f le l
c o m p dr et st s wi ou eni i hni s i gge an ohi i ef n i t cc ao nnsn t t or o l ld i sn t g .
T w es h bi hc ga l a hcfe ut lt l v a lat co eeroh d ni do oti r ttu ei soao fn h so w l l ef oe
A E r w
e c e wt i i i gh on . hnct i twl c,u eo dt hh i e sg h h e et f :
1 s h e l . l E q u i p m e n t s :
2 h e a d . s
3 i n pt ew l r n ao a . lt r e k 1 i n s u 3 l a t i o. n
4 t s ur p p a o r . yt s 1 f i r e p4 r o o f i .n g
5 i n s ru l ai t i n o . n g s 1 p l a 5t f o r. m
6 o p e n i n g . s 1 l a 6d d e . r
7 s k i r . t 1 p i 7p i n . g
8 b r a i s n . e g 1 m i s c e 8 l l a n e o .u s
9 a nr c ih o n. r g
1 a nl 0c uh o .g r s
1 m i s c e 1 l l a n e o .u s
1 + 6 o t 2w 9 eo i h i . 1t tg % h feh 1er f t mo uf s g o h 1 r
o v e ro w t ep i gal hwhat eat n i bfed e g s d h d et d y
t w e l h d i n ge s
E r w
e c e tt i si g o i hn h t1 utt : h e 1r e m
o uf s 8g h .
B O p e weight,which
r a t i includesthe
n . g weight of the:
1 v ie e sr ce s oc en t .d il i o tn ni o n
2 t r a y . s
3 o p e f r ai t q i n u. g i d
= w
where S = u s t pn r e i ss st , i
Ct W= w oe v i ae g t s b s h s e out ec hc fvnotl n si eid dlo ee rena t i ro
c = c i r c u mo sf e or seh n oc teke m idl i ef hrali mr tae nt e e
t = t h i o tc sk no she his k es i l f r en l t r , .
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
V I B RAT I ON
F O R M U L A S
P eo V r i b i Tr sec.
ao t id o nf , T= ~ z
( D )F T
M a Ax li l m
Po wu e am rb l i e o d
=0 ~ . 8
o V i b r a s t i o e nf , c . r
N O T A T I O N
D = O ud ti o asv mi ef ed s t e s e ert l f , .
H = L oe v ni e n g scs tl f sku h de i i f l nr t g t ,
g = 3 f p s2 s q tea. eu c ca e c2r l e.e r da. t , i o n
t = T h io s c ak t knb e i isa s h r s fn t e t e , .
v = T s olh t se bp a 6 ra.l e , g, e e 1
w = W oe t ilo gw h eb t r f , .
w = W oe t ip of go h wh oele te i ofg r hbr t t f ,
E X A M P L E
R e f eF r re C nE
e cVee i : s b o er. V a , e t P ri . r ot : Veni sc eA sa f sPul S rs1 a e e M p9 l
61
FORMULAS
SHEAR MOMENT
F~~ &l = [F, x H + (V – F,) x (2H/3)]
41 4
t
H13
v—=
Z[c ~ IWX= [F, x X for X S ‘is
V— x Rw MX = [F, X X + (V -~j X (X – H/3)]
B S a h se ae r
T b s aih ht t esh oo e har esit zre osa sin e at shl a ml e i
t b o a t a h oT t swr i ee al he n ro fgp au. a lad eat ir t n e
t s o ht th a s o dph h wei duee ae to
e that
fg e aloading
r ar m
4 ‘
are shown in Fig. (a) and (b). A portion Ft of total
S eL i o D s a i m d a hi i go c nr r si g az e ofm in Vt sois aassumed
ml r ito becappliedeat
the top of the tower. The remainder of the base shear is
distributed throughout the length of the tower, includ-
ing the top.
T
O v e r t Mu r on i mn g e n t
The overturning moment at any level is the algebraic
sum of the moments of all the forces above that level.
NOTATION
1
C = Numericalcoefficient =
7?/3
(need not exceed 2.75)
(b)Seismic
ShearDiagram F, = Total horizontal seismic force at top of the
vessel, lb. determined from the following
formula:
BaseS h e a r
F, = 0.07 TV (F,,need not exceed 0.25V)
= O, for T <0.7
H = Length of vessel includingskirt, ft.
62
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
SEISMIC LOAD (EARTHQUAKE)
NOTATION
r
(a) A rock-likematerialcharacterized
bya sheu-wavevelocitygreaterthan2,500feetper
secondor byothersuitablemeansof classification.
(b)Stiffor densesoilconditionwherethesoildepthis lessthan200feet.S = 1
A soilprofilewithdenseor stiffsoilconditions, t s depthexceeds o200feet.
h i
s = 1.2
A soilprofile40 feetor morein depthandcontaining morethan20feetofsoftto
mediumstiffclaybutn~ morethan40feetof softclay.S =
A soilprofilecontainingmorethan40 feetof softclay.S = 2.0
x
St = Allowable tensile stress of vessel plate material,
H psi
L. L
IV
T = Fundamental period of vibration, seconds
t
= c, X
= Required corroded vessel thickness, in.
= 12 M
T R2Sr E
or 12 M,.
TR2Sr E
= Total seismic shear at base, lb.
W = Total weight of tower, lb.
Distance from top tangent line to the level under
consideration, ft.
Seismic zone factor,
0.075 for zone 1, 0.15 for zone 2A,
0.2 for zone 2B, 0.3 for zone 3,
0.4 for zone 4,
(see map on the following pages for zoning)
63
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
SEISMIC LOAD (EARTHQUAKE)
EXAMPLE‘
Given:
Seismiczone: 2B z = 0.2
D = 37.5 in. = 3.125 ft. X = 96 ft. O in.
H = 100 ft., O in. W = 35,400 lb.
Determine: The overturning moment due to earthquake at the base and
at a distance X from top tangent line
First, fundamental period of vibration shall be calculated
T = C, Xf13/4 = 0.035X 1003/4= 1.1 sec.
and
I = 1, s = 1.5 Rw = 4,
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
ECCENTRIC LOAD
F O R M U L A S
e
R E Q U I
M O M ES NT T R T E H IS C SK N
c 5
M=
~= 1 1 We 2
nR 2t t =R z n SE
1 * ‘
—
I N O T A T I O N
e = E c c e t n dt r i i f cs i t htt t y ra, a ont c choe xwoe mne
e c lc ef on t ar i t cd , .
w = E f f o iw c jie e o ln ic d y n e t f d s .
\ ; = M oo e m c lc e ef lonn t t ar i t f bcd ,
R = M r oea v dei a si s u n en s l f , .
* -P s = S vt o m ra a e o tl a es b cur s ie st ae n tpl uf d, r ai e r n
t = T h io vc kee nxs ecc ss lo su ear dlr l lifo i ,ons wgi a o
w = E c lc el on t ar ib cd , .
E X A M P L E
G i e v= 4 ft.e O m: n Determinemoment,M,
: and stress, S.
R = 15 in, M o Mm = Wee= 1000
n Xt 4 = , f l t
t = 0 i . n2 5 .
w = 1 l 0 I = 0b W
1 0_ x 1000
12 . x 4J = 2 e
= 2 p 7
~ 3 X 1 .X 0 1 5, 4 2 2
ELASTIC STABILITY
E X A M P L E
G i R v= 1 ie n D : e n t t e a r I 8m l .c i oho n w
m e pas r b e (t les se r i v ee S s
t = 0 i . n
2 5 .
1 , 5 x 0 f =0 1 , , 0 5 0x 00 0 0 , 0. 0 0 2
s = = 2 0p , 8
R 1 8
Given: Ay = 1 sq. in.
dy = 2 i n 4 .
D e t t e a r l m l c i oho n wm e pa s r b e (tles u se r i vs ee S is
s
L o n g si t t u id if n f a el t ir
n e rf fi e nn e rg s
i n u t s oh e e d s tn , s :1 ’ 5~ : ’ 0 =0 0 =
tx= t = 0.25 in.
—1
1= , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0
‘y = t + 24 ~ x0 0 =. 2 . 22P .25 4 S93
1 8
= 0 + 0 . = 0 . 2 . 0 5 2 4 9
rowers s hb d o e ust d i l eg n d nm
f elte d e6o i hc onp tr 100
c afeet
o heof height.
e ne s
r d e f ldh e t c t t wi ueol n mih bo ce n a o laae cb d u ld t a s yft eeoi df r h n m
m i f l o o cr am
a n lbtd yi lee e dv a e r m ”
A M F O R M U L A
N O T A T I O N S
AM = M a dx e i f ( m l t e tu c itm oi a oh np n )
D1 = W o ti t d w o i thn wsi hue l ef fat e t t ri ohn
E =M o o ed l ua psl t ui c s i ts yf ,
H L eo v n e i g sn = scts lf ekh u l idf , er td t
r. = R t m o o 3 i m n f et e cnnr y ,hl t o is ni fd i ah r
( R>lot)
w h e n
R = M r ea
o t td a o
i i hwu
n se n rf e ,
t = T h i o cs k i k n e i s s
r n t f , .
Pw = wind p r ep s s u rs e , f
E X A M P L E
G i v e Dn e : t t e m r am dxi he n i f e lA
me cu et mi o n :
= 2 f 6i t n. , .
E
H
I
= 30,000,000
= 48 ft., Oin.
= ~
AM=
PJI,H (12H)3
8EI I
= 30 p s 30 fx 2.5 x 48 (12 X 48)3 = 1 i .
R = 1 i ‘ = 8 x 3 20 . , 0x 01 0x M3, 0 x 00 2 .0
n . 31 31
t = 0 .i 3 1 n 2 5 .
t d e t s h i i og tc ns k eine kde
S t ia dcn e htf cdl uen ece aot e xit l ol ocen ih e m
s e it i d t s ,
s a t i s f a c t o r y .
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
COMBINATION OF STRESSES
C O S (cont.) O
z
5
g
b
5
E
Q
Q
x
1
0 . 1 F B i g .
R oa p tt l h i i ar c oek t qna f teu e si s r e h d t e
b o ( t + tt t t rot h m/w i r c e2k qn e)u soi s r e d
a t c o n shh i ed e i tr ege d h t .
71
EXAMPLE - A
M i r n e itq m
h u i fu i ci m
r kn epn t dreoe cse ro ssnn sst ai rsu dl ter orret i h1en sgn goe h t e a h n m
PR 250 X 12 3000
t =- =0.260 i n
= SE – 0.6P = 13,750 X 0.85 – 0.6 x 250 11,538
Minimumrequiredthicknessfor internalpressureconsideringthe strengthof the girthseams:
PR 250 X 12 3,000
t =0.128 in.
= 2SE + 0.4P = 2 X 1 3X 0 , + 0 7 . x 25 = 820 . 3 5 5 , 44 07
R e t q h u i f i cl rok ne ng dbeio t seu dsd nti wnd ra p li ru i neM sg onsa t ue m
b or d( ee .a M
hn t _s
PW x D1 X H = v X h] = M
3 x 2 x 4 = 3 . x ,2 =0 86 5 6f 0l 8 , 04 t 04b 0 . .
M oa t mb eos n(ht ett ~ o t ae m = m )
MT = M – IIT(V – 0.5 Pw D, h=j= 86,400- 4(3,600 – 0.5 x 30 X 2.5 x 4)
= 86,400 – 13,800 = 72,600 ft. lb. = 72,600 x 12 = 871,200in. lb.
Requiredthickness:
MT 8 7 1 , 2 8 0 7 0 1 , 2 0 0
t = R T S = 1 x 3 x 12 . 23x 0E ,1 = 25 7 4 , 4 25 = 8080 7 i , . 55 21 3 n 6
T r e t q hh u i c i ca r kl wecne utde ls s ia t s t or et hetdb n og gh sht t ei ht e r o f ae tm m h
F w p ri o e s0 n s i .ur dr 1 e n6 5 .
F i p r n oe s 0 ts i u . r r . 1e n2 8 .
T i g h r t et ti ah h t i c s cehaa skl r wcn une l se ia s t
T O T0 A. t L2s t 9o r t hle o3 nn gg sih t et u hhde ei t nrf eae al f h o r m
m i t n h i i 0 mc i ku. s n mbe2 uh s ns9 sa 3 el .
to
I L
D E O ST IT AGO NWL EF LR S
EXAMPLE B
D ED S I
A G TN A
3 f Oi i dn t i sna m
i e .d t . ee r
P l a t =f 3 fo 6 i r w m o vit w
D] ne di ns sit . aus .ll h eal ft tof il wo han
/ p ie p it n gc , .
E = 0 e f .f o iw c 8ise e lne 5c d y a e m
f d s
h~ = 4 f Oi d i f st t nt b rat t n b a. cho .ho e t ssht m e t e h e
j o i n t .
1 f Oi l 0oe t t nn o g 0 w .t . he f r
P = 1 p i n p ot5 r se e r s n s0 a iu l r e
‘ p r e s s u r e
‘m P. =
R . 1 ; i n s i Qdo n ve - r e a d si8 u. ss e f l
‘ s . 1 p 3s o v t 7 o Sras 5 Ae ml -0 sa a2u2i t s 8 e e0 5r f iC0
-m t e m po e r a t u r e
v . T s o l hI te ab rl , .
I
H 2e s e a e a l :m dl il p: e t s 1i sc a l
< cm = C i r c u ’oms f eo rt he mn cd ee i e hai l m f ael tn nee
1.. ( c o a r l r l no ors w ei oqa nnuo ci re e d t )
EXAMPLE B (CONT.)
T r a y s 6 0 0
O p el r ai t qi nu g 2i d 4 0 0
3 l 0 0b 0 .
+E r W
e c t i to n .
3 3l , 0 b0 0 .
T OO P TE R WEIGHT:
AA T LI 36.000
N G lb.
Test water 42,000 lb.
+ Erection Wt. 33,000 lb.
TOTAL TEST WEIGHT: 75,000 lb.
—
For weight of water content, see rage 416
74
E B(
S dt t rw e u i s+ 9 s n , e So 6d dt 4t r w 0e u is– 9 s n , e o 6d
Stress due to weight – 3 Stress5 due to weight 8 – 3
+ 9 p, 2 s8 2 i– 9 p, 9
( i p r nN de s ue ts r ruoe ric. et n i og n )
I O P E R CA OT NI D NN IG T I O N
S dt t ri pe u nr s+ e1s t se, So s .8 dt . t 3r w e 7 u is – 9 s n , e o 6d
S dt t rw e u i s+ 9 s n e, Stress
o d6 due to4 weight 0 – 3
+ 1 1 , 4 7 7 - - 1 0 ,
Stress due to weight – 3 S 9dt t ri pe 2u nr s+ 1 es t s, e os 8
+ 1 1p , 0 s8 5 –i 8 p, 1
I
T t e s nh 1t s r1pi i e,leo pe0s e sc 8sr o a 5n to d it i i nwn t g i i nos h dng wo i a vn re
T a l l s oh wft ta r pb elem elo ash wta s 0e jtrr i ei e. eo af t f l ii8 1c hi 1n ep5 6n t c8
T t sh e 0l uh ei tc . st p h ee 7an dlt i b a5c o o . thkt v te ie sot ahes t mi ss f afe
S it t sr a e7h f h sd e sf ol nt t e t r l o wt t 2oho. p on wt ml h e ie 0acpr i kf t.n. e
S dt t wr e iu s n s de o .
A x
A 1 7 PW x D] , x X = V x ; = Mx
!
‘o i
-m Shell 3 x 3 x 7 = 7 . x , 3 =0 52 5 7 6 22 0,
e ‘ ‘ P l a o 3 t x f8 l o io r n=m240 . x - 68 =f 0 1t . 6 ,
I ‘ ‘m L Ia 0 3d X 7 d l mie = n2 r . x , 3- =0f 1 7 t 0 .30 , 0
* b T M o o MXt m ae =nl 3 t 6 f 1 t ,
1 M 1 X 3 6 21 r , 9 28 0
s = =
1 v T R v t 1 8X 3 . X 0 2 z. = 5 8. 12 ‘ ’ 5 4 3
S dt t ir n e p tu rse e r s s n es a ou l r e
( c a l pc Ar u e l v a i t o es u ds l y ) 1 , 8
T o1 0pt , a
T c a l c hou s l at tar it eeo b ns o sh het hf ss te otht e ata m os h t d wor thsae n s
w i n s d i ow i p a e rc r do a n tg d i e iona n t gt vi e o e n fon tr hfw n e ei id hc i e n tg
n i f T i h c e wa r nei ft f t . ou hc r ra oe l t cu i uhc tl bea s t r i t o at en t h e s e t nnh at es
1 0p d , n 1e o s 4x t a2oec l lei s osh e w1tt ad1 r b p, eleT6 e 8tss s7h s e. 0il5 hu e c
i t p h i nsl ia t ia cs f .at kc t oe r ys .
75
EXAMPLE B (CONT.)
Stressin the shellat 40 ft. down from the top of the tower. Platethickness0.25 in.
S dt t w
r e iu s n s de o .
PW x D1 X X = v X : = Mx
S h 30 x e 3.5 X 40 l = 4,200
l X 20 = 8 4 , 0
P l a ?0t x f8 lin.o ft. r = m240 x 36 = 8 , 6
L a 30d x 38d lint ft.e = 1,140
r x 19 = 2 1 , 6
T M o ol t m v a e . =nl 1 ft 1 f X4 t , .
1 M 1 x 1 1 24 , , 3 20 0
s = = 5 p , 3
RI n t = 1 8 x .3 1x 0 2. 5 . 1 2 4
S dt t ir n ep tu r se e r s s n es a ou l r e
( c a l pc Ar u e l v a i t o esu ds l y ) 1 p , 8
T o 7 pt , a 1
T 0 i t .h p h 2nf l i se a5 c h4 o. f t k de ie l sf r t t t l a ro t nt 0 tc . ooe i o h m w
s a t i s Nf af c ut co ra yl t. c i uhr l e ea o toq r it uos ni r r aeehms d ea m n asnt ei bo eo non
76
A skirt is the most frequently u a ts m s ena oth i ssd f saud cf ept v ot pre y or o t r
v e I si a s t e tb l ca s o c .n h t w iet sne d tu lt o hduy s ai uenh s g t uanr o ea e qld h u l d
s o t iw eh dz l e tdi e et i r tfmn sh i gi no hcet kss n ke esh i s r ft e .
F i A ga uB s r t en hm s c ooho d t m w os smy e t okth pna i t e t aer cI fha t m eo
c a l c ou t l ra t e i qow hnu s i te ri vf ee lzaod j h l e edo uf f, eig e c sbi ni te fn vt c y
C ( o1 mU bd u ’2 ase W e ) yd e .
E X A M P L E
G t is vv a ceh eo sn mins E
s i edxee eB a r l em d p l n e .
S = 18,000*stress value
D = 37.5 in.
E“ = 0.60 for butt joint of SA-285-Cplate
W = 3 1l , 0 b 0 0 .
MT = 6 3 f 8l , 2 t 2b 0 . .
* s t pFm uc rt o up r o ar s l e .
R = 18.75 in.
D e t t e r r e m sq i ht un hk ei i rc i ke e ndr e s ts .
F w 1 = i o 1 MT n r d 1 x 6 23 8 , 0 2 i 2.
= 0 6 n4
R2 ~ SE =1 8x 3 . X 1 7 . 8)5 0 ,12 0 4 0. 0 (
w 3 1 ,
F W ef = o i g h r t =0 0 0i . 0 0 n2
D X 3 x SE=. 3 X 13 7 X 1 4, .8X 0 ,1 5 0 4 0. 0 6
T ( Y =f 0 A i . L 6 n6
U ‘ t ! p sh f 4 sl i 6k a ec oi ” t kr e t r .
R E F E R TE N
h Ce E rS : m i i l
8 2
77
I
DESIGN OF ANCHOR BOLT
V e vr et s si csta eat a l o cm
s nw , bk f ues a t s ce
rst d sthe nt f e e d o
s o o k s t t ir huf c dbetr m u r r ra oa e al m an b e cna o yt h s b l o ( fn btr ah e as rs d i
r i n g .
The number of anchor bolts. The anchor bolts m b inumultiple ofs four andt e
for tall towers it is preferred to use minimum eight bolts.
Spacing of anchor bolts. The strength of too closely spaced anchor bolts is not
fully developed in concrete foundation. It is advisable to set the anchor bolts not
closer than about 18 inches. To hold this minimum spacing, in the case of small
diameter vessel the enlarging of the bolt circle may be necessary by using conical
skirt or wider base ring with gussets.
Diameter of anchor bolts. Computing the required size of bolts the area within
the root of the threads only can be taken into consideration. The root areas of
bolts are shown below in Table A. For corrosion allowance one eighth of an inch
should be added to the calculated diameter of anchor bolts.
For anchor bolts and base design on the following pages are described:
1. An approximate method which may be satisfactory in a number of cases.
2. A method which offers closer investigation when the loading conditions and
other circumstances make it necessary.
?
13 12 TABLE B
NUMBER OF ANCHOR BOLTS
TABLE A I Diameter of
Q Minimum Maximum
Bolt circle in.
Bolt Bolt * Dimensionin.
24 to 36 4 4
Size RootArea-
s i 1 q n1 . . t 5 2 3 8 8o 4
6 t 7 1 01 o 8
Y 0 . 7 1 5 22 / 6 8 t/ 1 8 8
3 08 /
1
4 0 41 o 2 2
5 0 . /I 2 21 t 1 0 1 2 82 o 6
3 0 . 1 3 - 1 1 0A1 21 / 3 t 1 8 3
/ 6
20 4 2 24 o 4
x 1 5 /
1 1 -1 -3 1 / / 8 1 6
l 0 . 1 6 -1 %
9 1- 3 /1 2/ 8
l 0 . 1 8 -1 9x 3 - 0 /1 4/T 4 AC B L E
1 1 .3 1 0 -1 5A 7 - M 4 /A3 XA8 / IL LM8 O USW M TA B R FLE E S S E O
l 1 .2 2 1 9 -
% 4B 1 OU/ AL 2S A T N EB C S H DO O S RL
1 1 .5 2 5 -1 1A1 - S 5p / 5e c i 8 f/ i c a8 t i o nM a al l x
1 3 D 4i b ai em S re t ne r
1 .2 / 7 1 44- - 4N 3 u 1 / 4m pt r se
1 2 . 72 0 -1 4A3 - 9 /7 8/ 8
2 2 . 2 3 -2 0 1 S 0 3/ 2 A d 2 i a mlA 1e5 t 5 e rl, s 0
z 3 . 2 0 -2 2%3 - SA0 193
/ 1 B 74 / 2 a 4 u n n1 d8 %e, d 0
2 3 . 3 7- ; 1 1% - /S 5 1 1: B 6 ; 2 a 9 ; u 1 nA n1 3 d 68 %e, d 0
2 4 . 3 6 - - 1%3 SA8 193 / B 78 O v t ei r 1
n2 o Y c 2,
6 l 0
3 5 . 3 6 -2 2 5 - S 1 1/ 7 B 8 / O 9 v8 t 1 ie A r1n3 o265 c %, l 7
4
* F b w o s o t li at nht t rdr s ea hra dd s .
D O A B
( M A
A simple method for the design of anchor bolts is to assume the bolts replaced by a
continuous ring whose diameter is equal to the bolt circle.
The required area of bolts shall be calculated for empty condition of tower.
FORMULAS
~= —.—
12iu w
Maximum A8 Ce
Tension lb./lin. in. T
Required Area of B,= ;+
One Bolt Sq. - in.
TC8
S it Anchor
r e s s n sg -—
- b. N
B p o s l i t .
N ~ A T I O N
AB = A w rt i b t c e hi so h i r i a c nl l q e ne t , . .
C* = C i r c u mo fb e cr e ni io c e r l c n fl t e .
M= M oa t mb d e t awnh o te usia rt et f enhl qe uo dk t e rb , . .
N= N u o a m nb b c oe h r l o f t r s
SB = M a ax l i l s mo vw t u ao m r ba b mel l ea osp t u se l sr e i f at i l .
w= W oe t vi dge huehs r rts el cief et nli obg n , .
E X A M P L E
D O B R
b l e a n t r d o i gsu t e rge i hb
l u n o i of t oa c r om dfnl ho yc u r na ed nt ate nt e it h eno n xt ou a c l d le s oh et w o
b e l a o tr o f i o nu an gh d a dt i fo en .
T t h i o hc t kb n r e seash rsi h tes bfna se e e s li n hg it ds l n ri tb d w
n ee u og s c i se
e a r t h q u a k e .
F O R M U L A S
M a Cx oim mp r ue s m s ~i . o 1 n y 2 M
- 7 l b i . / 1 1 in ,n . c . A, C,
m i n .
1 A p p r 1oW x i o m i a td e t P h f
- B Ring in.
a s e “t
Is 12 _Di
t* Approximate Thickness t8=
of Base Ring in.
B e S a pt r ri ne sg s & s. ~ i
. 9
+ D B e oS n pt d ir ne sg s S = s3 x s, 1;i
t52
N ~ A T I O N
AR = Areao b r = a 0 i . ( s –7 nD Df 8se i g5z Z 4 q i O n ) . .
As = A w rti s t s ke ih hi i a r qn n t e , . .
= C i r c u mo fO e ro es n . ci ke iD r nn . t f , .
; = S b ea l a o c rfo os i np nceSa rgT se E dt oa ePne i , b h .l e eg , n e
= Cantileverinsideor outside, whicheveris greater,in.
l: 13= Dimensions,as shownon sketch above. (For minimumdimensionssee Table
A on page77)
M = Momentat the base due t w o e ai r t f hnl q u oa d k t erb , . .
W = W oe v i de g uos hp rs eot trie al f nlet i g os nb t r , .
E X A M P L E
G i v e n D: e t t e m r im wni h nai iet m h dui e cnm t k n h e
= 8 6f l , 4 to 0bb r0 f a o. i .p ecs ron anf etd iig tn r i g o n .
; = 500 psi from 12 x 86,400 7,500
TableE Page 80 Pc = + = 2 l ,b . / 2 l i n7 . -
4 7 7 6 7
W = 7,500lb. operating
1 8l t , 0 e b 0 2 s0 , . t 2 7 5
A nb (co 2 hi l 1 = 5(3(3
o t 4 r! s n : = 4 ) A .i b . f n T 5 rA uap. 75obt a, tl m
O o s . 2 k 4i D i . 6r. n f2 t 5 . m i d n i i m f m e l =nu s m i oo
T As = h4 s i e 7 qn n 6 . . 2 i a f 1 y = 2V4
n nm.t o A .
C = 7 i n $ 7 . u 6 i w ’ bs r i n / a i de 2ns
r~ = 0.32 x 5 = 1.60 in.
U 1 i t bs h r n ia i e c%ns . k g e .
C h se tc r k e i s n s g e s :
S = 2,273 X 77 = 305 psi S – 3 x 305 X 52 = 10,167 psi
1 5 B e s7 a t r r i 4 ne g s1 s B. e s n5 t d ri 2 ne
C
80
1 D e t t ev r omka i h n l. e u e e
C a lt c r u e l sq a h aut nei i r u o ee nzmd
a nb Sco p hl 7 T ota e B ars g .b e le
D e t t ei r nm i hs n ei d e e
4 C th s te i r t h ce a s. knbs heace o s h l
f o u n d a t i o n
I t d e vb hi e a t tt a i wfl oe l ean oh e w na
a cs tt ar u te las sarlr e o ert s pg e
c a l c u l a t i o n
C a lt cb ur lt aah i ti ec s kn ne ee gs
U g u p s s l a as n t ce ec ht o sh a , o
Sa c o m p r r ie i s i isn i eo cnfn eb s esg afot
s d t i s r t ir tei b us r t oi sasoh in k s nn
T DA B L E
V oa C ol n u s te a sn t f s F
a F u no Kc t i o n s s f
k I1 z a X Y
U s .. , e
O::s:
0 . 6 0 0 1 M 1
M x
: : :
/ b
O.000 - O .i s o
0 . b0 0 – 0 7 . 8 4 / 2 ,
0.500 0.0293&b’ - o .1 3
0.667 0.0558f. b2 –0 . 2 2
1.000 o.0972f, b2 - 0f. Ii . 1
1 . 0.123fcb2
5 0 -0.12450 b
2 . 0.131f.bz
0 0 - 0 0 .b 1
3 . 0 0 J .b 0 -1 00 b3 . 13
0 0 f,b2
. -10 0 . b3 1 32
T EA B L
I
E
2 II 2 0 I
I
s II 0 0 0 0
f p
8
s1
1000 0
c Ii
0
1
fb 1 I 1
n 8
81
F O R M U L A S
9 9 /(.= I
* —— 1 k 1+
~
4 Bt - 1
+I
& ‘~b~
i v
I
t I Lb ‘f, z:::/
. 1
-
T el on a so nb i Fcloal ehl d~o(t. M
n b rs , t .
T es ni t a s r nb i eSlco p es hl s ots a n rs i , , .
a
b -. t h t,=e~
B W
Fc,
S n . f
t B
tB= il
~
1
E ~B r t ah i iw c gs k n uin ee s gs t ss eh t
p tl i a t B ne , ,‘ . B =
N O T A T I O N
b = The distancebetweengusset plates, measuredon arc of bolt circle in.
= T a or e rt f q a ua e nbi slr oc i ea o hd o q lr n r t . .
C = CC o n, s s TtC a D ona , t te ps b ,r e pl ch e e ea d i ng ne g e .
d = D i oa a m nbe ct c ei io h r r o c l f rl n e t , .
= D i oa a m nbe ct c ei fo h r r o c l f rl t et , .
: = C o m p s r e i t st s cr i vo eea n t h soc re s ue o nht t e dbt e r e pgta hei r nses
= C o m p s r e it st s cr i vo eean t h sbc cr s ei ponh t er e c sl l t e e ti ,
j = C o ns sT t D aoa tne p tb r, e pl ch e e ea d i ng ne g e .
1 = 1– t i = w o ti n4 b dr i a ht,i . hns nf eg e , .
M = M oa t mb d e t awnh o t e usia rt etf elnh qe uo da t k br e .
M = o w h i i cg hr Se e Tv ra eF ot ar t ee p br rs . e p l ch e e ae d i ng ne g
n = R o m a o ot ed l iu a o sls o t ua i ftc sc oi eE t nf yn cSse T r f/ elE aEtd ee cb
= R ao b dc iiio r u c ls l n f e t , .
: = T e s n i t a s r nib . el pco es hl s ot n rs i , .
s = M a ax l i l s mo vw t u aom
r ba b pel l e pals u as s et fe ei , .
w = W oe t ti agot bhh wl ta he f se rb e t e , .
z = C o nS sT t Daoa tne pt b r. e pl ch e e ae d i ng ne g e .
82
DESIGNDATA: DETERMINE:
D = 5 f Oi d t i oa a n.m nbe c t,c ei o. h rr oTc l f s rl a e nt i h. uo nm
z
d = in. diameterof anchor bolt circle. anchor bolts;
n = 1 r o m
a 0o ot ed l ui a o ,sls ot u i ft sc i Tet fwy ea i t f h hl d i cn t k
a c o ( n n cT E Pr a 8e tbda e l 0g e o b. e r ) a i ns
f= =1 p , a l 2l c o s 0ows at m0 obr lpie e n r g . t h f
11 = 6)1
c o (n cT
E Pr a8e bta e l 0g e , e )
1
s = 1 5p a , l l 0s o s v0w t ao 0r ba b eli l e as u s s e f e
r i n g .
= 1 8p a , l l 0t o s e0w s na 0it b s lri oi e e l l es t s s n .
w = 3 6l w , oe 0t bti 0 og 0 hw h . te fr e .
M = 6 9 f 2l m , 1o a tt 0bmb 0 e a nh. . s t e t e .
S O L U T I O N :
A s 8 i sw s .npnse r eeat st gsb r id cv ee if.-
bu r i mn a a aeci d o m oh =
sr 1,Ooo
cs lpsi.l t e e t
T t c h o nf hse t ra nn
1 1 T D aa b r l e e
= 0.35 cc = 1.640
1 + Sa ‘ 1 18 , 0 + 0= 2 0 . 3 3
‘fctj 1 x 1 , 0j = 00 0 0. 7 8
z = 0 . 4 2
T i i shu f af i igc
f . fc —2 c . ~ 2N k 2 xb 0.35 X 60d = 1 , m 0 w t e0 a i s 8 n s h t u
2kd * 1 ‘ 2 x 0.35 X 60 X 8 v o fCb=
a 1 l p , u
R e aq ou a i r nbr e c eod h l ao f t r s
1 – W = ~2 ; 1 xz 6 M
9 – 23 d ) x 1068 20x “w 0! 4 ~2 7
B, = 2 n = 2 s 3i .
C, S. jd “ 2 X, 1 83x 0 , 3 x . 60 3 07 08 3
U 1 sa nbi tco nr hle g rqot ha2u rsf io o r,r b e eo d oe on t al r e t
2 3 =. 1 5 i 0 . / 19 2n 5 8 .
F T rA 1a i dob ?i bal mw
nm4 e ebo os t a8 et u. il rbs fal a t cd%dti ofud rec y oi r nr ot o g
use (12) -2 in. diameteranchorbolts.
Tensileload on the anchorbolts
M– W D = 6 9 – 23 , 6x 10 z, 0 x . 05 0= 1 04 ~ 0l 2 57 5 7
= 9
jD 0 X.5 7 8 3
T es n i t t s ar i nbel hces o hs l on e t r s
157,150
s. = ~:; = 0.125 X 3 x 2 = .1 73p , 3 09 3s 6 0 i
2 3 . 5 0
= = i n .
~d = 3.14 x 60
C o m p l r eo ts osc i o v ne aL hc= 1r– ted = t8n ’ ee– 0: = . 7. d i1. . 280 n57
F. 193,150
= r = ( 7+ 1 .x 0 8 .3 7x 11 5 =2 .4 p50 6 ) 43 0 s 0
DESIGN OF ANCHOR BOLT AND BASE RING
EXAMPLE (CONT.)
M – 692,100 – 36,000 X 0 X. 5 4 6 1
= = 1 5 l 7 , 1 b 9
jD = x 5
F, 1 5 7 , 1 9 2
Sa = = 1 5p , 6 s 2 4 i
r~rCf = 0 X. 3 X 21 .2 65 8 0 3
= + W = 157,192 + 36,000 = 193,192lb,
FC 193,192
fcb = = 5 p 9 s
(14 + n fsjr CC= ( 7+ 1 .X 0 8 .3 7X 11 5 2. 50 1 ) 8 0 4
C o m p s r e i t st s ar i v nbee hcos hsl ont e rs :
S = n = 1 xf 5 = 5, p. , 9 b 9 0 s 66 0 i
The chairsare designedfor the maximumload whichthe bolt can transmitto them.
The anchor b s a o b i p l ansz l b t hc as e a dla t cae du l eel as lot c t ee r fd i b o e hs
g po a i g n e gs .
A c o n te l a oc d t t pi gnl sl g ehba hw st eaw fe ecl los din t l fei net widu oT l ueh s l ’ l
l s o t i ef wi z sh l gbe lhoe hfe lae o t anlt d h lj li heo pne i fnt nl hf e eii acr n k ngt
-
DIMENSIONS inches
hchor B c D E F G
1 dim
bolt A
1 3 2 1 1
1 3 1
1 2 3 1 1 1 {
4 3 1
1 4 3 518 11/4 13/4 2
ls/~ 23f~ 4 3 5fa 11/4 1lj~ 21/8
13/4 2 5 3 1 2
5 3 13 11/ / 2z / 21 4 31 2
2 2 s5 3/ e
2 3 6 4 1 13 21 / 2 / 3 4
3lj~ 6 4 1 2 3
2 3 7 5 1 2 3 3
3 7 5 1 2 3 3
. !
T a tb h i at o f ba v eS kl erc h Aee e o Ssi n .m
C hm at AnDou n B r . cto a t hl st o
B R Sa i P zes t ni Rr enoe lgJgf e i.1 u num 9e r n6 , 3e .
86
STRESSESIN LARGE
H V
SUPPORTEDBY SADDLES
The design methods of supports for horizontal vessels are based on L. P. Zick’s
analysis presented in 1951. The ASME published Zick’s work (Pressure Vessel
and Piping Design) as recommended practice. The API Standard 2510 also refers
to the anaIysis of Zick. The British Standard 1515 adopted this method with
slight modification and further refinement. Zick’s work has also been used in
different studies published in books and various technical periodicals.
The design method of this Handbook is based on the revised analysis mentioned
above. (Pressure Vessel and Piping; Design and Analysis, ASME, 1972)
3. The load due to the weight of the vessel is combined with other loads.
LOADINGS:
1. a
a
2. Internal Pressure. Since the longitudinal stress in the vessel is only one half of
the circumferential stress, about one half of the actually used plate thickness
is available to resist the load of the weight.
3. External Pressure. If the vessel is not designed for full vacuum because vacuum
occurs incidentally only, a vacuum relief valve should be provided especially
when the vessel outlet is connected to a pump.
4. Wind load< Long vesselswith very small t/r values are subject to distortion
from wind pressure. According to Zick “experience indicates that a vessel
designedto 1 psi. external pressure can successfullyresist external loads en-
counteredin normaIservice.”
5.
87
LOCATIONOF SADDLES.
The use of only two saddles is preferred both statically and economicallyover
the multiple support system, this is true even if the use of stiffener rings is
necessary. The location of the saddles is sometimes determined by the location
of openings, sumps, etc., in the bottom of the vessel. If this is not the case,
then the saddles can be placed at the statically optimal point. Thin walled
vessels with a large diameter are best supported near the heads, so as to utilize
the stiffening effect of the heads. Long thick wa!led vessels are best supported
where the maximal longitudinal bending stress at the saddles is nearly equal to the
stress at the midspan. This point varies with the contact angle of the saddles. The
distance between the head tangent line and the saddle shall in no case be more than
0.2 times the length of the vessel. (L)
Contact Angle O
The minimum contact angle suggested by the ASME Code is 120°, except for
very small vessels. (Code Appendix G-6). For unstiffened cylinders under exter-
nal pressure the contact angle is mandatorily limited to 120° by the ASME Code.
(UG-29).
o t~ =
=
~
A m
Q
C oa n o sn t daa g ced lt
. 1 A
Max. Allow.Stress
I S1 p t s l dt t n hru
i n pt r e ( e r Ps n sRs a n/u lh 2r
e xt a c l l es oh ew t adr b
:4 * n o Sf o pa e c t a ie en g n g e S1
~d
~ $
L
~ v -l
Z AT ]+2~ & 4A
YYo QL
Am MIDSPAN —-
Au (Tensio~at 4H - T
uJ~ ihe Bottom 4
z: Compression () 1 ‘z-
the *
0 r R2ts
e x0 t c t ie .
a l l s o vw
t ao r avb el m
el e s s
t e r i a l .
d S3 plus stress
n< IN -— K4 Q
S* – ~ts
w SHELL
=
0*Q
~ti K4Q .
q I/l!
IN
HEAD
=—
Ilth r n i on g
u<
m
UJ
A ADDl- K5Q
n TIONAL
a-$ STRESS S3. = ~
[N HEAD
M Q 3K6Q
-—
w &=-~t~(b+l.5@s) -
?(: S4 timesthe
2
zQ AT
,J HORN
!3 g SA%LE s4=– Q i2&QR
——
4 1t .~ Lt$
5( ~b +
s )
‘j 3 ma
: Et AT K7Q
“L~ BOTTOM s5=– ts(b+1.56@@
,= O
,=0 .= SHELL F
L 3
89
~ NOTES: I
YY
JJ positive Values denote t e stresses
n and
s negative
i l values
e denote compression.
$
4
~ E z Modulus of elasticity of shell or stiffener ring materidpound per square inch
D
~
~ The maximum bending stress S1 may be either tension or compression.
z Computing the tension stress in the formula for S1, for factor K the values of
w K1 shall be used.
m
~ Computing the compression stress in the formula for S1, for factor K the values
4 of K8 shall be used.
~ When the shell is stiffened, the value of factor K = 3.14 in the formula for S1.
n
~ The compression stress is not factor in a steel vessel where t/R SO.005 and the
~ vesselis designed to be fully stressed under internal pressure.
uz Use stiffener ring if stress S1 exceeds the maximum allowable stress.
~
If wear plate is used, in formulas for S2 for the thickness ts may be taken the
& sum of the shell and wear plate thickness, provided the wear plate extends R/10
$ inches above the horn of the saddle near the head and extends between the
m saddle and an adjacent stiffener ring.
m
$ In Unstiffened shell the maximum shear occurs at the horn of the saddle. When
G the head stiffness is utilized by locating the saddle close to the heads, the
z tangential shear stress can cause an additional stress (S3) in the heads. This
w stress shall be added to the stress in the heads d t i n put r e e r s n se auo lr e
u
~ W s t h i r f aef i u e ntnns em r rgae xs hs d i o eh m , ca ute e cem aqu u hr a st o
e
I w p ei ul i asf o fet rfr m s l, oicknessts
S edf u the a n so may rbe 4taken r the
sum of the shelland wearplate thicknessand for ts!? maybe”takenthe shellthick-
ness squared plus the wear plate thickness squared, provided the wear plate
A extends R]l Oinchesabovethe horn of the saddle , and A< It12. The combined
~ circumferentialstress at the top edge of the wear plate should alsobe checked.
~ Whencheckingat this point: ts = shellthickness,
~ b = width of saddle
O = centralangleof the wearplate but not more
& than the includedangleof the saddleplus 12°
a If wear plate is u i sf o e rf m S d f u t l, t o ahn sio t chm k rb n5t er t esaa s k
L
~ s o t s u a h w h ue mten l hl f ie capl k r d nt ot re w vs e si o ,idt hwe d pd eth l e h
Q e qa l u b +e 1 a al. s s5 t t6 -
~ I t s i nh sh t e i tf o lm f f ee a nl sxehs tdi ot , m cra ut e ceh m ous t oshrs a s r d h t de
~ T s iht n br t ia e ot ds ts i s d n s preSSUK4reSS.
tt e h ee o rd n o ae l
Q I a s t i s f tf h em n aene xrhdi nl i g - mc lo mu epi rm ae ts s ib o n o o hs t ht s oet
U s t i r sf i f t ei c in r ece un m rh f be r gee n sft nei a etdl xir t cn em eg as e xh sd i s m
a l l so w t ar b e l se s .
90
STRESSESIN LARGEHORIZONTALVESSELSSUPPORTEDBYTWO
SADDLES
VALUESOF CONSTANTK
(Interpolate for IntermediateValues)
;ONTACT
ANGLE K2 K3 K5 K(5 K7
0
0.01
0 : 0 0 : 5
R A T I O
uA
92
STRESSESIN LARGEHORIZONTALVESSEIS SUPPORTEDBY‘IWO
SADDLES
EXAMPLECALCULATIONS
DesignData
L s 48 in. distancefrom tangentline
of head to the center of saddle
= 24 in. w o is ad d t d h l
LONGITUDINALBENDINGSTRESS (S,)
~, ,A(.1-:jj:)3m,mx4(_l-~::;j~~)=522psi
K1R2t. = x 602x I
Stress at midspan
~:%(+:~j.2-%)3m*qxw(::~%)=4,,,psi
= =
nRzt, 3.14 x 602 x 1
S dt t i r
PR 2 xd
n pe t u r es e— r s s= ns— e ua o r l= 7e
5
p: S
0
s0
o
0 i
2t~ 2X1
Thes o t e nsu st 4959+
ir oe 75(XI
nsm =
as f12,459
le spsi :
It d n e o tx s coe v t eo hrta s eg et sl d i s 1 ehu srx7 . ae =,t 1f m
0e5 ph4 0: , 8 0 8 s 57
C o m ps r ei t ns fs r i soa en t oci sO t /sn1. os= 00t c Rr/ 0 . e 5>6 0 ; 10 7
93
STRESSESIN LARGEHORIZONTALVESSELSSUPPORTEDBYTWO
SADDLES
EXAMPLECALCULATIONS
(cont.)
TANGENTIALSHEARSTRESS(S,)
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS
s4=- Q .—3K6Q
4 t
A/R =48160 = 0.8; K = 0.036 (from chart)
300,000 3 X0.036X 300,000
s, ‘– = –18,279 psi
4 X 1 (24 + 1.56 d-) – 2t
S4 does not exceed the stress value of shell material multiplied by 1.5; 17,500 x 1.5
=26,250 psi
Stress at bottom of shell (Ss)
K, Q
Ss =—
r~ +1 ~ . . 5 6
N O T A T I O N .
/ A = C s r e ac o t i rso n s ae l
II II 1 =
II l!
K =
( Q L o o os aI ad n = db dl ne
2 8@ R = R oa d i u s
=
@ =
A 1
S t r
~
R I ni s ni d ge .
C o m p r e s sS i oK ~ n 6K ~ =9 Q– Q.
a t S h h e l t e Il /
1 . ~ 5 + G 1 o- v e r n s
.
~ O u tn s i dK ge K .~ 5
9 sm Q Q
S at t r e s h s ~ s ~ ~t e = &
,– +
S h e l l
< % 5
c R O ui t s n i d ge .
Stress at the S K9Q
~ 6. K, ~QR = Es –
~ Saddle - ,r 3 d o t h f l/d
e “: ~
and Ring
“
- S h e l l w
G
R I ni s ni d ge .
Ss h. aK “ $ Q6 T Q
! j ~
t ~ ~ t ● K ~ –e 9
U w , + - + ! I = /
d
- 3
s 6 = - K # - K ’ :j ~ R
‘ c ! 3 $ ~ : : e
<
m“
and Ring +
95
STIFFENER RING
FOR LARGE HORIZONTAL VESSELS SUPPORTED BY
SADDLES
VALUES OF CONSTANT,K
(Interpolate for Intermediate Values)
Contact
Angle e 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
NOTES:
1. In figures & fmrnulas A-F positive signs denote tensile stresses and negative
signs denote compression.
2. The first part of the formulas for S6 gives the direct stress and the second part
givesthe circumferential bending stress.
3. If the governing combined stress is tensional,. the stress due to internal
pressure, —PR shall be added.
$
CALCULATION OF MOMENTOF INERTIA (1)
1. Determine the width of shell that is effective to resist the circumferential
bending moment. The effective width = 1.56 ~~ ; 0.78 ~~
on both sides of the stiffener ring.
2. Divide the stiffener ring into rectangles and adculate the areas (a) of each
rectangles, including the area of shell section within the effective width. Add
the areas (a) total area = A,
3. Multiply the areas (a) with the distances (Y) from the shell to the center of
gravity of the rectangles. Summarize the results and denote it AY.
4. Determine the neutral axis of the stiffener ring,the distance (C) from the shell
to the neutral axis c = Amy
5. Determine the distances (h) from the neutral axis to the center of gravity of
each rectangle of the stiffener.
6. Multiply the square of distances (h2) by the areas (a) and summarize the
results to obtain AI-IZ
b d3
7. Calculate the moment of inertia Ig of each rectan~es Ig =~,where b =
the width and d = the depth of the rectangles.
8. The sum of AH2 and Z I gives the moment of inertia of the stiffener ring
and the effective area of the & en.
See example calculations on the following pages.
96
M O O MINERTIA(I)
E N OFTSTIFFENER~NGS
F
EXAMPLECALCULATIONS
A D I M EL I N I S IN O LN
C S H E N S
R=7 O U RT A
S O ISD D2 IH E U E S L F L
1= 0.78~x =
~ X =
11
X
i
1 -
A RI E A @
b2d: = 0.5 x 63 = ~.oo in. 4
1
1
b, = 9.86 d
+ ;
MARK I ‘AREA I
i R
a
E
Y
A
I
S
I
h I
I I
b
1
0 . . 9 1 2 13 . 5 .1 2 2. 3 7 35 0.10
. 1
0 4
@
= - =
A= –
~ I= 2 + = + = i 4 n
A — =
A
1=1.56 ~~ =
‘\
q ““”251-F%-’2’””25 x =
*
X
h,d; = in4
77-
=
12 1
MARK I AREA I b
a Y h a X h2
o
@
– =
A= – ‘
~ –- A – —
‘ O
=— 1 =” +l Y =
2 – s + = 4
A
MOMENTOF INERTIA (I) OF STIFFENER RINGS
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
ALLD1MENS1ONS ININCHES
R = 72 in. OUTSIDERADIUSOF SHELL
CJ 1 = 0.78 ~~
$ , 0.78 J72 X0.5 = 4.68
m
I I * A RI E A @
b, d: ~ o
12 “ “
* = x =g ~
12 “ ‘
— 4x0 . 5
12 = 12 =0 4 .
b
a h 2 —
Y
1
2
3
A= - = - = =
1
25.23
~ AY
‘—=
A
— = 2S4 I = AH 2 + Ig = 6 + 94l z 7 . i 34 0 . 3 n 1 .a 7
9 . 9 3
~ = 2— = 2~2 ” I. = A =9 2 + 7I =3 5 2+ 90 i 94 7 g 0 . 3 n 7 3
= 5 . .H 6
A 8 . 4 3
.“
D S
M A X
A R E
EXAMPLE:
Diameter of vessel= 8’- 6“
Weight of vessel= 375,000 lbs.
Q= 187,500 Ibs.
Saddle material: SA 285 C
Web plate thickness = 0.25 in.
Contact angle = 120°
Kl, = 0 f t a
R =5 =1 i
F F = K,, x 0.204 x Q187,500= 38,250
= lb.
To resist this force the effective area of web plate= lU3 x 0.25= 4.25 in.2
38,250/4.25 = 9,000 lbs. per square inch.
The allowable stress = ?4 x 30,000= 20,000 psi.
The thickness of the web plate is satisfactory for horizontal force (F).
2. The base plate and wear plate should be thick enough to resist longitudi-
nal bending over the web.
3. The web plate should be stiffened with ribs against the buckling.
99
E X P A AN C
S OI NO T
NNR A C T ID O N
O H O R I Z VO NE T SF
A LS E L S
A B
4
~ ~ BOLTS ~
2 2
– ~B O L T S QS A D D L E S
R
I
* - “ ++
EXPANDINGVESSEL CONTRACTING
VESSEL
For thermal expansion and contraction, one of the saddles, preferably the one
on the opposite side of the pipe connections, must be allowed to move. In this
saddle for the anchor bolts slots are to be used instead of holes. The length of
the slots shall be determined by the expected magnitude of the movement. The
coefficient of linear expansion for carbon steel per unit length and per degree
F = 0.0000067. The table below shows the minimum length of the slot. Dimen-
sion “a” calculated for the linear expansion of carbon steel material between 700F
and the indicated temperature. When the change in the distance between the saddles
is more than 3/8” inch long, a slide (bearing) plate should be used. When the
vessel is supported by concrete saddles, an elastic, waterproof sheet at least 1/4”
thick is to be applied between the shell and the saddle.
r - j’” i ‘“;
B
H O ] L E I “
H
G T I
H
\
Ii MH I
k ~ & E Q
‘- SUB PA
;~ LA : - LSC Y E &D- C: C ‘: J
E E
L : -
SADDLE
{OMN.U MAXIMUM
lwAMEITR OF
)F\EY$EL
c D E
F G H K
NOTATION:
w,
W = Weight of vessel, lbs.
n = number of legs
LONGITUDINALSTRESS:
Q R
[
C K (Kl + 6 OK2) + ; f ~ S(K3 + 6 K.)
1
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS:
Q + 6 KG)+K H
cos a ( f (K7 +5 6 K8) ]
[ Rf
NOTES:
Positive values denote tensile stresses and negative values denote compression.
Computing the maximum tensile stresses, in formulas for S1 and S2, K,, K3, K5 and
K, denote negative factors and K2, Kq, KGand K8 denote positive factors.
Computing the maximum compression stresses, in formulas for SI and S2, K,, K2,
K3, K4, K5, KG, K, and K8 denote negative factors.
The maximum tensile stresses S1 and S2, respectively,PIUSthe tensilestressdue to ~
internal pressure shall not exceed the allowable tensile stress value of head material.
The maximum compression stresses S1 and S2, respectively,plus the tensile
due to internalpressure shall not exceedthe allowablecompressionstressvalueof
head material.
4
103
0.2OAO.6
0.81.01.2 1.5 2.0 3 4 .
D
& K5
VALUE OF Kz 8LKG
STRESSES IN VESSELS ON LEG SUPPORT
0.20
~
k
O
0
.0.2040.60.81.01.2 1 2 3.0 4.0
D
VALUE OF K3 8ZK,
0.60
0.50
k!?
-0.40
Q?
0.30
0.20
0.10
VALUE OF Kz 8ZKg
105
DESIGN DATA
800,000 lb, weight of vessel
n = 4, numberof legs
w 800,000
Q d = 200,000 lb, load on one leg
R = 100 inch, rr,diusof head
H= 5 inch, leverarmof load
2A = 30 inch, 2B = 30 inch, dimensionsof wear plate
? = 1.8 inch thicknessof head
Cos~ = 0.800
P = 100
SA — 515–70
Allowable stress value: 17,500 psi
Joint Efficiency: 0.85
Yield point: 38,000 psi.
Factors K (see charts):
c= ~ = == 15 inch
LONGITUDINAL STRESS:
1.) Maximumtensile stress:
200,000 5 100
S1 = 0.800 (–0.065 + 6 x 0.030) + — r —
1 [ . 8 2 100 1.8
—— 100 x 100
PR
= + 2778 psi
2t – 2 X 1.8
The sum of tensional stresses:
7.634 + 2.778 = 10,412 psi
It does not exceed the stress value of the girth seam:
17,500 x 0.85 = 14,875 psi
106
Q R
S1 = ~
[
cos ~ ( – K, – 6KZ) + g V
R
T( – K3 – 6KQ)
1
200,000 5 100
S1 = 0.800 ( –0.065 – 6 X 0.030) + — r
1.82 [ 100 G
PR
—— 100 x 100
= + 2778 psi
2t – 2 x 1.8
The sum of stresses:
– 17,044 + 2,778 = – 14,266 psi
It does not exceed the stress value of the girth seam:
17,500 x 0,85 = 14,875 psi
C i r c u m f es r e tn t ir a l e s s :
1.) Maximum tensile stress:
= ~Q
R
[
cos ~ ( –K5 + 6K6) + ; V ~ (–K7 + 15K8)
1
200,000 5 100
S2 = 0.800 ( –0.020 + 6 X 0.010) + — v
1.82 [ 100 =
(–0.022 + 6 X 0.010)
1 =+ 2,849 psi
PR
—= 100 x 100
= + 2778 psi
2t 2 X 1.8
= ~Q R
[
cos m ( – K5 – 6 K6) + ~
R r
7( –K7 – 6K8)
1
STRESSESIN VESSELSON LEG SUPPORT
200,000 5 100
S2 = 0.800 ( –0.020 – 6 X 0.010) + — v —
1.8Z [ 100 1.8
(–0.022 -6 x 0.010)
1 = -5,837 psi
LEG SUPPORT
I \
I I
!
I ‘
I
I
I 8 +
“!!!!
I f; & ~“1 *
‘ A
1
SECTION A-A
V E S V S EE S L ANG.LE
S E L
D H I E M I GA SIZE
H
A T m XI a I x
2’-6”
3 X3 X3 f 84“ “ ° ,
5 ’ - 0 ”
10’-0” ~ X3 x .3 . 5/ 5 °68 ” ”
7 /
x x1 / 2 ”
x5 x 1 / 21 “ ” 0
7 ’ - 0 ”
6 X6 X5 1 81‘ “ “ ”- o
. —
109
— ... .
U N S T I F F E N E D S T I F F E N E D
S H E L LS H E L L
LONGITUDINALSTRESS:
K2R D
,,. ~ E CIK1 + 6 — +
D R2t ( c2t 2 (1.17 + B/A) ‘~A )
C I R C U M F E R E NS T I T
AL R E S S :
QH Kd R
‘2 = * DR2f
C3K3+ 6 —
( c4t )
NOTE: In tension S2 plus the stress due to internal pressure PR/t shall not exceed
the stress value of shell material multiplied by 1.5.
110
0
0 0 0.10 0 0 0
n
VALUE OF K]
111
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
(
VALUE OF Kz
112
10
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
D
VALUE OF Kj
STRESSES IN VESSELS DUE TO LUG SUPPORT
0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0 0
VALUE OF K4 ( C
VALUE OF C
114
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
D E D S IA G TN A
W = 1,200,000lb. weight of vessel
n = 4 number of lugs
Q = : = 1,200,000 = 300,000 lb. load on one lug
4
R = 90 in, radius of shell
H = 5 in, leverarrn of load
2A = 30 in, 2Z? = 30 in, dimensions of wear plate
t = 1.5 in, thickness of shell
p = 100 psi internal pressure
K1 = 2.8,
w=
K2 = 0.025, K3 = 6.8
“
Kd = 0.021
’ = % = 6 0
L o n g i St u t d i r n ae l s s :
D
UR .~ _
, = &
“
( C,K1 +
2
6, ~ +
2 (1.17 + B/A) ‘x ~A )
~ = 300,000 x 5 , X228+ ~ 0.025 x 90 +
1 0.167 x 902 x 1.5 1 x 1.5
(
0.167 902
+ x – 11,795 psi
2 (1.17 + 15/15) 5 x 15 ) –
C i r c u m f Se r e t n t ri a le s s :
QH KJ?
s~ = & C3K3 + 6
DR2t ( c~i )
300,000 x 5 0.021 x 90
s~ = 1 X 6.8 + 6 = 10,616psi
0.167 X 902 X 1.5 ( 1 x 1.5 )
Stress due to internal pressure:
PR
—= 100 x 90 - The sum of tensional stresses:
= 6000”psi
t 1.5 10,616 + 6000 = 16,616psi
L S
FOR INSULATEDVESSELS
r I [-
!1
J
L u’
Lb,d
--l,&
h
t
T
hl h
6(Y
t
3 _ _ _
ug
T
} V
4 a Ax l i l m
o wu a m b lD eI M E N S I O N S W oe i
L o One
o ~ a ~ ~ d ~n ~ ~ ~ ~ “O L L un
w
L L u bI g s 1 , . 1 F
I
117
L S
FOR UNINSULATEDVESSELS
J-
l
4
t
T
hl h
60°
j ‘L–
l
—
T
w ~
~ Ai l ml o uw a m bD lI M E N S I O N S W oe i g
L o Oo ~ a ~n ~ d ~ n e~ ~ ~ ~ O L L un b
w
L L u b1 g s I , . I F
A d i m e al n i si i on rnl cs h e n s
S t ir v e es s bs hce shs a ee nc l l k el de ,
U w p ies nl e aca e e st r s ae r f y
L
I
. . — — —
.&
I J
VESSEL D R H L WELD
WEIGHT (IN) (1:) (IN) (IN) (IN) (Min)
(LBS)
1 ~/~ 1v? 5 10 co
12,000 .-- _
&J~
~.=
20,000 1% 3/4 2 6 10 gL
30,000 1% 1 2Y8 6 10 &s
50,000 1% 1% 2YI 7 12 25
70,000 2% 1 3Y2 8 12
100,000 2Y? 172 4Y2 9 16 .5 ~
%-
b=
150,000 3 11/4 5 10 16 EL
4 2 6 12 18 as
200,000 =5
250,000 4% 2 6Yz 13 18 ~ “~
300,000 4fi 21/! 7 14 20
Notes:
1. All dimensionsare in inches
2. The design is based on conditions:
a. x = 45° “maximum
b. Minimumtensile strengthof lug material 70,000 psi.
c. Direction of force is in the plane of lugs.
3, U wear plate ifs necessary to eliminate
e buckling due to normal or sudden
loading.
LIFTINGATTACHMENTS
f-h
MINIMUMDIMENSIONSOF LIFTINGLUGSUSINGSHACKLE
Sh~~kle HoIe Sheared Rdl;d
~~;d Diam. Edge Arm of
Di~m. m Lug cut Mo~ent
D1 H A B
●
710 5/16
1060 3/8 I /,-” , .4U I .[> I I I u-l/
1600
1 1 1 ./
-%/
7/16
. J- 1 - ,-
- I1
.,117 Al
.U4 I
I
cl?
.OL 1
1
1/0 I
-1” 1
I
. . ,
‘ ‘“’A ‘m
11300 1-1/8 1-1/4 ] ..<” I 1.72 4-1\+ 1-3175 Z.Y4 -
13400 1-1/4 1-2IQ 1L - 2
-1
16500 1-3[8
A u 1 .U2 L
I a - /. ,
L
I .
I‘ 3.06
I J
1-1/2 1.75 2.28 2-5/8 1--‘-
!LB 13.62
20000 1-1/2 1-5/8 1.88 2.45 2-7/8 2 II4.06
23750 1-518 1 9 1A
1-d/+ A . ,- - —.
>-l/ 1 2 1 4 - . 3 6
32350 2 2 - 2 1 . 2/ 82 . 3 5- 9 2 3 -34 / 5 .4 /
4 22 5- 2 01 - 02/ 3 4 . 3/ 85 . 4 6- 3 31 35 / .8
5 42 0- 2 01 - 02/ 5 2 . 3/ 88 . 4 1
- 6 39 / -66 1 1 .6 /
6 72 3 6 2 0 / - 02 7 4. 31 . 89 . 5- 48 2 / 1A 12— 7. . Q 0
8 1 3 0 0
3-1;8 0 5-7/;6 ;:;f ‘:” I‘ 8:
. “ - - . l .
Y j
I
A d i m ei l ni s ni oc nl hs e s n .
I
120
LIFTINGATTACHMENTS
(cont.)
r
because of the danger of
overtorquingduringassembly.
w Commercial eyebolts are
supplied with a rated break-
ing strength in the X
direction.
For loadingsother than along
the axis of the eyebolt, the
following ratings are recomm-
ended. Theseare expressed
as percentage of the rating
in the axialdirection.
100%0 Y = 33%
z= 20% w = 10%
EXAMPLE:
An eyeboit of 1 in. diameter which is good for 4960 lb. load in tension(direction
x) can carryonly 4960x 0.33 = 1637lb. load if it acts in directiony.
The abovedimensionsandrecommendationsare takenfromC. V.Moore:Designing
Lifting Attachments,Machine Design, March 18, 1965.
●
Assuming shear load only thru the minimum section, the required thickneas
may be calculated by the formula:
R
I P where t = required thickness of lug, in.
t = 2S (R-DIP) P = load, Ibs.
S = allowable shear stress, psi.
6 see page for designofweldand lengthofW.
121
SAFELOADSFOR ROPESANDCHAINS
The stress in ropes and chains under load is increasing with the reduction of the
angle between the sling and the horizontal. Thus the maximum allowable safe
load shall be reduced proportionally to the increased stress.
If the ailowable load for a single vertical rope is divided by the cosecant of the
angle between one side of the rope and the horizontal, the result will indicate
the allowable load on one side of the inclined sling.
Example:
The allowable load for a rope in vertical position is 8000 lb. If the rope applied
to an angle of 30 degrees, in this position the allowable load on one side will be
8000/cosecant 30 deg. = 8000/2 = 40001b. Forthetwo-rope sling the total
allowable load 2 times 4000 = 8000 lb. The table shows the load-bearing capacity
of ropes and chains in different positions. Multiplying with the factors shovm in
the table the allowable load for a certain rope or chain, the product will indicate
the allowable load in inclined position.
L . A AA &
Angle of 9(30 600 450 300 1(-JO
Inclination
On One 0.50 0.17
1.00 0.85 0.70
End
O P
externalpiping is connectedto the vessel,the scope of the Code includes:
(a) the weldingend comection for the first circumferentialjoint for welded
connections
(b) the first threadedjoint for screwedconnections
(c) the face of the first flangefor bolted, flangedconnections
(d) the first sealingsurface for proprietaryconnectionsor fittings
CodeU-l(e)(1)
SHAPEOF OPENINGS:
Openingsin pressure vessels shall preferablybe circular,ellipticalor obround.An
obroundopeningis onewhichis formedby twoparallelsidesand semicircularends.
Theopeningmadeby apipeor acircularnozzle,theaxisofwhichisnotperpendicular
tothevesselwallorhead,maybeconsideredanellipticalopeningfordesignpurposes.
Openingsmaybe of shapesotherthan the above. (See CodeUG-36.)
SIZEOF OPENINGS:
Properlyreinforcedopeningsare not limitedas to size,but, whenthe openingin the
head of a cylindershell is largerthan one half the inside diameterof the head, it is
recommendedto use in place of heads, shell reducer sectionsas shownin the Code
FigureUG-36,
NOZZLENECK THICKNESS(CodeUG-45)
For vesselsunder internalpressurethe wallthicknessof openingnecks shall not be
less than:
(1) the thickness computedfor the applicableloadingsin UG-22 on the neck
(pressure,reaction of piping, etc.), plus corrosionallowance.
(2) forotherthan accessandinspection openingsshallnotbe lessthanrequired
for the applicableloadingsand not less than the smallestof the following:
(a) the thickness of the shell or head (to which the opening is attached),
required for internal pressure (assuming E = 1), p c o l r a r oul s l i
a b nf w c evu e ol ei n d, cs tle s rt ad e 1e ihl s / ns o a e n1 s n
(b) t m i tn h h i i omcs kut e naw
m e np s dp sa ac i or lf lrd a pr l oul l so e w
i soa
The minimumthicknessof a pipe (ANSI/AB36.1OM)is the nominal
thicknessless 12.5percent allowabletolerance(see page 140).
1 —
123
I O
All pressure vessels for use with compressed air and those subject to internal
corrosion, erosion or mechanical abrasion, shall be provided with suitable
manhole, handhole, or other inspection openings for examination and cleaning.
The required inspection openings shown in the table below are selected from the
alternatives allowed by the Code, UG46, as they are considered to be the most
economical.
INSPECTION OPENINGSARENOTREQUIRED:
INSIDE 1NSPECTION
DIAMETER OPENING 1. for vessels 12 in. or less inside diameter
OFVESSEL REQUIRED if there are at least two minimum %
in. pipe size removable connections.
2. for vessels over 12 in. but less than
16 in. inside diameter, that are to be
over 12 in. two - 1% in. installed so that they must be discon-
less than 18 in. pipe size threaded nected from an assembly to permit
I.D. opening inspection, if there are at least two
removable connections not less than
1% in. pipe size. UG46(e).
3. for vessels over 12 in. inside diameter
min. 15 in. I.D. under air pressure which also contain
18 in. manhole other substances which will prevent
to 36 in. or corrosion, providing the vessel non-
two -2 in. tains suitable openings through which
inclusive
pipe size threaded inspection can be made conveniently,
I.D. and providing such openings are equiv-
opening
alent in size and number to the require-
ment of the table. UG-46(C).
min. 15 in. I.D. 4. for vessels(not over 36 in. I.D.) which
over manhole are provided with teltale holes (one
or hole min. per 10 sq. ft.) complying
36 in. withthe provisionsof the CodeUG-25,
I.D. two -6 in.
pipe sizenozzle which are subject only to corrosion
and are not in compressedair service.
UG-46(b).
The preferablelocation of smallinspectionopeningsis in each head or near each
head.
In place of two smaller openingsa singleopening may be used, provided it is of
such size and location as to afford at least an equal view of the interior.
Compressed air as used here is not intended to include ~ which has had moisture
removed to the degree that it has an atmospheric dew point of -50 F or less. The
manufacturer’s Data Report shall include a statement “for non-corrosive service”
and Code paragraph number when inspectionopeningsare not provided.
NOZZLENECKTHICKNESS
The wall thickness of a nozzle neck or other connection used as access or
inspection opening only shall not be less than the thicknesscomputed for the
applicableloadingsplus corrosion allowance.
.1 2- 4.
O W R P
Below the most commonly used types of welded attachments are shown. For other
typessee Code, Fig. UW-16.I.
125
O W R
B the
e l o w
THREADED AND WELDED FITTINGS
T F I BGH USE R T L E
HE
M SOC OOOHW M UM WS TO E N S OT
YLW Y EPE LE D D
C O N N E C
S T CI O FN SO
UE. WI F D-~ G 1E T E6HO .Y. 1EP R ER
N O T A T I O N
a=~ t o ( ) w .h i3i tc 7 sh , m
5e. r via , hel rl e sn s et , .
+ = 1 t
- t i s 1 mm o /at ht loe 41 li se se t n f , . r .
o = the smallestof t, t. or 0.375in.
r
b= no minimumsizerequirement
c = the smallest o to 1 i 1 n f r 2 .
d=t t h i o cSh k1 pn ew cse i i 6s a plf h n 0l e , .
e = the smallestof t o 3/4in.
t = t h i o vc k we n l es ac s sos e lr ae r l f lolls ois w , i aos nn cn e ,
t =n o t mh i io fc n ki wan. tl el ct sa o sie r a nrl l fol gs ois wil aos nn cn e
S N O ~EF A PE C E IAS N N GG E
. .
THREADED AND WELDED FITTINGS
T F I BGH U$E R T L H
EE
M SOC OOO HW M UM WS TO E NS OTYLW Y EPE LE D D S E
C O N N E CS T CI O FN SO
UE. I1WF D O- GE T
1TE O 6 Y .H . PE R ER S
SEENOTATIONON FACINGPAGE:
GJ a
I I
318in.
min.
t t
7: %+
d
s 3i i z ne
Dm = o ud a it o asp m+i 3 exidi t e e pr/ n f e 4 .
— . . -
FITTINGS NOT EXCEEDING 3 IN. PIPE SIZE.
In somecasestheweldsare exemptfromsizerequirements,or fittingsandboltingpads
maybeattachedtothevesselsby filletwelddepositedfiomthe outsideonlywithcertain
limitations(CodeUW-16 (f) (2) and (3)) such as:
1. The maximumvesselthickness:3/8 in.
2. Themaximumsizeofthe openingis limitedtothe outsidediameterof the attached
pipe plus 3Ain.
3. Theweldthroatshall bethe greateroftheminimumnozzleneckthicknessrequired
by the CodeUG-45(a)or that necessaryto satisfythe requirementsof UW 18for
the applicableloadingsof UG 22.
4. Theweldingmayeffectthe threadsof couplings.It is advisabletokeep the threads
aboveweldingwith a minimumY’in. or cut the threads after welding.
5. Strengthcalculationof attachmentsis not requiredfor attachmentsshownin Figs.
A, C and E, and for openings:
3 in. pipe size fittingsattachedto vessel walls of 3/8 in. or less in thickness,2 in.
pipe size fittings attached to vessel walls over 3/8 in. in thickness. (Code UG-
36(c)(3)).
128
1
SUGGESTED MINIMUM
EXTENSION OF OPENINGS
The tables give the approximate minimum outside projection of openings. When
insulation or thick reinforcing pad are used it may be necessary to increase these
dimensions.
OUTSIDEPROJECTION,INCHESUSINGWELDINGNECKFLANGE
NOM. PRESSURERATINGOF FLANGELB
PIPE
150 300 600 900 I 1500 2500
SIZE
2 6 6 6 8 8 8
3 6 6 8 8 8 10
4 6 8 8 8 8 12
6 8 8 8 10 10 14
8 8 8 10 10 12 16
10 8 8 10 12 14 20
12 8 8 10 12 16 22
14 8 10 10 14 16
16 8 10 10 14 16
18 10 10 12 14 18
20 10 10 12 14 18
24 10 10 12 14 20
OUTSIDEPROJECTION,INCHESUSINGSLIPONFLANGE
NOM. PRESSURERATINGOF FLANGELB
PIPE 900 1500 2500
150 300 600
SIZE
2 6 6 6 8 8 8
3 6 6 8 8 8 10
4 6 8 8 8 10 10
6 8 8 8 10 12 12
8 8 8 10 10 12 12
10 8 8 10 12 12 14
12 8 10 10 12 12 1
14 10 10 10 12
16 1 1 1 12
18 10 10 12 12
20 10 10 12 12
24 10 12 12 12
INSIDE EXTENSION
a
R O E
D F I P
Single, welded openings not subject to rapid fluctuationin pressure do not require
reinforcing if they are not larger than:
3 inch pipe size - in vessel wall 3/8 in. or less.
2 inch pipe size in vessel wall over 3/8 in. (Code UG-36 (c) (3).
Largervesselopeningsthantheaboveshallbereinforced.Therules
for reinforcementof openingsare takenfromthe Code,UG-26 f
throughUG-44,andareintendedtoapplyprimarilytoopeningsnot
exceedingthefollowing:
Forvessels60in.indiameterandless:%thevesseldiameter,butnot
>
to exceed20 in.
Forvesselsover60in.indiameter:%thevesseldiameter,butnotto
exceed40 in. Largeropeningshouldbegivenspecialattentionas
Fig.A describedin CodeAppendix1-7.
Hereisgivena briefoutlineofreinforcement designforbetterunderstanding
oftheprocedure
describedin thefollowingpages.
Thebasicrequirementis thataroundtheopeningthevesselmustbereinforcedwithanequal
amountofmetalwhichhasbeencutout for the opening.The reinforcementmaybe an integral
part of the vessel and nozzle or may bean additionalreinforcingpad. (Fig. A.)
This simple rule, however,needs further refinementsas follows:
1. It is not necessaryto replacethe actuallyremovedamountof metal,but only the amount
which is requiredto resist the internalpressure.@). This requiredthicknessof the vessel
at the openingsis usually less than at other points of the shell or head.
2. The plate actually used and nozzle neck usually are thicker than would be required
accordingto calculation.The excessin the vesselwall (Al) and nozzlewall (AJ serveas
reinforcements.Likewisethe insideextensionofthe opening(Aj) andthe areaof the weld
metal (AJ) can also be taken into considerationas reinforcement.
3. The reinforcementmust be within a certain limit.
4. The areaof reinforcementmustbe proportionallyincreasedif its stressvalueis lowerthan
that of the vessel wall.
.5. The area requiredfor reinforcementmust be satisfiedfor all planesthroughthe center of
opening and normalto vessel surface.
The required cross sectionalarea of the reinforcementshall then be:
The required area for the sell or head to resist the internalpressure, (A).From this area
subtractedthe excessareaswithinthe limit(Ai.4zAj AJ). If the sumof the areasavailable
for reinforcement(AJ+A?+Aj +A,) is equalor greaterthan the area to be replaced, (A),
the opening is adequately reinforced. Otherwise t difference must h be supplied by e
reinforcingpad (AJ).
Somemanufacturersfollowa simplepracticeusingreinforcingpadswith a cross-sectionalarea
which is equal to the metal area actually removed for the opening.This practice results in
oversizedreinforcement, butwiththeeliminationof calculationstheyfind it moreeconomical.
130
1
REINFORCEMENT FOR OPENINGS
DESIGN FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE
(continue@j
1. AREA OF REINFORCEMENT
For vesselsunder internalpressurethe total cross-sectional
area required for reinforcementof openingsshall
— not be
less than:
A = d XI,, where
u d
d= the insidediameterof openingin its corrodedcondition,
inches.
f
/4=
dxt ~
where
ii= Diameter in the givenplane of the openingin its corrodedcondition,inches.
1,= The wall thicknessrequired for externalpressure,inches.
F = Factor for computation of the required reinforcement area on different planes
(as the pressure-stress varies) when the opening is in cylindrical shell or cone
and integrally reinforced. For all other configurations the value of F = 1
—
1-JJ
REINFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. DESIGNDATA:
Insidediameterof shell: 48 in.
t“ Designpressure:250 psi at 200°F.
tr Rn ShellMaterial: SA-285-C
n
S 13,800 psi = t= 0.265 in. ,
~ I - The vessel is spot radiographed
tr t No allowancefor corrosion
I Nozzle material:SA-53-B
I “ S=15,000 psi. tn=0.432 in.
T Nozzle nom. size: 6 in.
* P? Extensionof nozzle insidethe vessel: 1.5 in.
+ d h = 2.5t~= 2.5 x 0.432 = 1.08in.
h w The nozzle does not pass through seams.
Fillet weld size: 0.375 in.
Wall thicknessrequired:
for shell,t ‘SE 6P = 250 X24 = 0.440 in.
—. 13,800X 1.0-0.6X
250 X 2.88
for nozzle, tm=~*p = = 0.048 in.
15,000X 1.0-0.6X 250
AREAOF REINFORCEMENTREQUIRED
A,= dt, = 5.761 x 0.440= 2.535 sq. k.
REINFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS
EXAMPLES
REINFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 3. DESIGNDATA:
Insidediameterof shell:48 in.
Designpressure:300 psi at 200° F.
t“
Shellmaterial:0.500 in. SA-516-60plate,
trn The vesselfidlyradiographed,E = 1
There is no allowancefor corrosion
tr Nozzlenominalsize: 8 in.
Nozzie material:SA-53B, 0,500 in. wall
t Extensionof nozzle insidethe vessel: 0.5 in.
r The nozzledoes not pass throughthe main
# + seams.
h d t
of fiilet welds 0.375 in. (Reinforcement
u pad to nozde neck.)
Wall thicknessrequired:
300 X 24 = 0.486 in.
Shell t,= ‘R
SE– O.6P = 15,000X 1-0.6X300
300 X3.8125
Nozzle, t,. = SAP
—. = = 0.077 in.
15,000X ].0–0.6 X300
STRENGTH OF ATTACHMENTS
JOINING OPENINGS TO VESSEL
STRENGTH OF ATTACHMENTS
JOINING OPENINGS TO VESSEL
EXAMPLE4
DESIGNDATA
A= 3.172sq.in.,A,=0.641sq.in.,A.F0.907sq. in.
= 1 2i o . u d 8 t i n 4osa r mei5 i edn p. tf e oe r rac i n f gd
8.625in.outsidediameterof nozzle.
8 i .m d 1 i e noa2 n m ao 5e z t . nze rl e f .
S = 1 7p a , l l 5s o s v0w t ao0r vab leim
e le as s ut s s e e re
S 1 5p a . , l l 0s o s v0wt = ao0r nab leiomle sa z ut s z e e rl
t =0 i .t h 5i o vc n 0k w e n 0es a s . s s l e f l l .
t =0 i . t h 5i o cn n 0k w o.n 0ez a s . zs l l f l e .
0 i .l o f 3 - w i n 7e a l 5e l . eg l f t d
0 i .l o f 2 - w i n 5e d l 0e l . eg l f t d
t, = 0 i . t h 2i o rc n e5k i nn p0ef os . r s ac i n f gd
C the
h s t e of
r a ce t nt ka go cn t h ohm ez n z t l e f .
L T OB C A RB W
D
R I EO E EL D D SY :
(A–A,)S = (3.172—0.641) 17,500= 44,293 lb.
LOADTO BE CARRIEDBY WELDSa, c, e:
(A2+21“OS= (0.907 + 2 x 0.500x 0.500) 15,000= 21,105 lb.
STRESSVALUEOF WELDS:
Fillet - weld shear 0.49 x 17,500= 8,575psi
Groove- weldtension 0.74 x 17,500= 12,950psi
STRESSVALUEOF NOZZLEWALLSHEAR:
0.70 x 15,000= 10,500psi
STRENGTHOF WEL~S ANDNOZZLENECK:
a. Filletweldshear ~ x weldlegx 8,575= 13.55X0.375X8,575= 43,572lb.
b. Nozzlewallshem ~ x tnX10,5OO = 12.76X0.500X 10,500‘66,990 lb.
c. Grooveweldte~ion @ x weldlegx12,950= 13.55X0.500x 12,950=87,7361b.
d. Filetweldshear Z#2Xweld1egx 8,575= 20.18X0.25X8,575= 43,260lb.
e. Grooveweldtension ~ weldlegx 12,950-13.55 x 0.25x 12,950=43,868lb.
POSSIBLEPATHOFFAILURE:
1. Throughb andd 66,990+ 43,260 = 110,250lb.
2. ThOU@c andd 87,736+ 43,260 = 130,996lb.
3. Througha, c ande 43,572 + 87,736+ 43,868= 175,176lb.
Paths 1.and2. arestrongerthanthetotalstrengthof 44,293lb.
Path3. is strongerthanthe strengthof 21,105lb.
The outerf wi d sl et l 43,260
r ee llb. nis tgreater
g d than
t hthe reinforcing pad strength of
(dP-do) t. X 17,500= 1.055x 17,500= 18,463lb.
12R
.
N N T
THE REQUIRED THICKNESS FOR NOZZLE NECKS IN VESSELS
UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE (Code UG-45)
1 T t c f t a l i U p c h
but for other than access and inspection openings, not less
than the smaller of the following:
2. The thickness required for the vessel for internal pressure (assuming joint
efficiency, E = 1.0), but in no case less than the minimum for shells and
heads specified in UG-16 (b);
3. The minimum thickness of standard wall pipe plus corrosion allowance.
THE REQUIRED THICKNESS FOR ACCESS AND INSPECTION
OPENINGS (manways, handholes) IN VESSELS UNDER
INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL PRESSURE.
1. The thickness computed for the applicable load plus corrosion allowance
(there is no other requirement).
For selection of required pipe under internal pressure, see table “Maximum
Allowable Internal Working Pressure for Pipes” on the following pages.
EXAMPLES for using the table:
1. Opening Diam: 18”
Design Pressure: 800 psig.
Corrosion Allowance: 0.125”
The Required Pipe for Manway: Sch. 60, 0.750” Wall
The Required Pipe for Nozzle: Sch. 60, 0.750” Wall
2. Opening Diam: 18”
Design Pressure: 150 psig.
Corrosion Allowance: 0.125”
The Vessel Wall Thickness: 0.3 125”
The Required Pipe for Manway: Sch. 10, 0.250” Wall
The Required Pipe for Nozzle: Std. Wt. 0.375” Wall
3. Opening Diam: 18”
Design Pressure: 140 psig.
Corrosion Allowance: 0.125”
Vessel Wall Thickness: 0.750”
The Required Pipe for Manway: Sch. 10, 0.250” Wall
The Required Pipe for Nozzle:
Std. Wt. 0.328” + 0.125” Corr. Allow. = 0.453, Min. Wall=
Sch. 40 Pipe
141
M A
I W P F P
The CalculationsBasedon the Formula:
23Et , where
P=
D+ 1.2t
P = The max.allowableworkingpressure,psig.
S = 15,000psig.the stressvalueof the most commonlyusedmaterialsfor pipe
(A53B,A106B)at temperature-20 to 650°F. For highertemperature see
notes at the end of the tables.
E= 1.0joint efficiencyof seamlesspipe
D = Insidediameterof pipe, in.
t = Minimumpipe wall thickness,in. (.875 times the nominal thickness).
The figuresunderlinedare the maximumallowablepressurein corrodedcondition
for the pipe of which wall thicknessis minimumthe standard wall plus corrosion
allowance.
NOM. PIPE WALL CORROSIONALLOWANCE
IN.
DESIG-
‘IPE THICKNESS
NATION
UZE NOM. ~ MIN.
T=E xX-STG.
STD.
X-STG.
0.294
0.113
0.154
0.095
0.129
0.164 ~-
0.257 12153 I 8526
0.099 1072 I
0.135 4299 2192 288
‘;:”:g
5392 I 2658
I I
1’4
252
3/4
SCH.160 0.218 0.191 6386 4069 1985 100
I XX-STG. 0.308 0.270 9712 7041 %7 2515 580
STD. I 0.133 0.116 2847 1261
1
X-STG. 0.179 0.154 3959 2287 I
744 I
732
I I
SCH.160 0.250 0.219 5764 3946 2274
XX-STG. 0.358 0.313 8820 7423 4842 — .3099 1494
STD. 0.140 0.123 2362 1126
X 0.191 0.167 3282 1988 774
1-1/4
SCH.160 0.250 0.219 4424 I 3059 ! 1779 ] 578 ! I
XX-STG. 0.382 0.334 7194 G 2848 1582 I
I
STD. 0.145 0.127 2118 1046 31
X-STG. 0.200 0.175 2982 1864 806
1-1/2
SCH.160 0.281
XX-STG. 0.400
0.246 4333 3139 2013 I
0.350 6481 I 5164 3924 2754
947
1648
STD. 0.154 0.135 1786 938 126
X-STG. 0.218 0.191 G 1696 852 44
2 642
SCH.160 0.343 0.300 4215 I 3260 I 2348 1477
I XX-STG. I 0.436 0.382 5537 X2 G 2629
— 1744 I
143
MAXIMUMALLOWABLE
WORKINGPRESSURE(cent)
2%
X-STG. 0.276 0.242 I l
2707 1971 1261 577
1525
I
I
831
SCH-160 0.375 0.328 3766 2991 2245
0.552 0.483 5822 4969 Z —3359 — 2599
XX-STG.
STD. 0.216 0.189 ~ 1116 556 12
0.300 0.263 2398 1801 1221 658 111
X-STG.
3 2964 2350 1754 1175
SCH. 160 0.438 0.383 3597 — —
XX-STG. 0.600 0.525 5113 4432 3773 3134 2515
. 78
STD. 0.226 0.198 1546 1044 555
3 X-STG. 0.318 0.278 G 1689 1183 691 211
XX-STG. 0.636 0.557 4701 4115 —3546 2992
— 1937
STD. 0.237 0.208 ~ 995 561 137
X-STG. 0.337 0.295 2075 1616 1168 730 280
4 SCH.120 0.438 0.383 2739 2= 1802 1350 908
1490
SCH.160 0.531 0.465 I 3379 I 2890 1- 2412 I 1946
——
XX-STG. 0.674 0.590 4394 3880 3379 2890 2412
STD. 0.280 0 .1 2 81 4 5 45 4 2 3 5 5 6
8
X-STG. 0.500 0.438 1587 1353 1121 892 665
SCH.1OO 0.593 0.519 1896 1658 E 1189 959
SCH.120 0.718 0.628 2319 2075 1835 = u
144
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
WORKINGPRESSURE(con~
I
145
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLEWORKINGPRESSURE(cont.)
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
WORKINGPRESSURE(cont.)
Example:
I
NOZZLEEN~CMKpTT~CKNESS
C O R R O S I O N
w
I
o 0
4 I C o m pA rS e st i W
s een Sd ara e U mtr , ( vG
&e i 0- rc b. e1 0 0 . 6 090 ) .93 30 8 8
R W T F P
U I P
The required wall thickness for pipes, tabulated on the following pages, has been
computed with the following formula:
PR
, where
‘= SE– O.6P
For the inside diameter of the pipe round figures are shown. With interpolation
the required thickness can be determined with satisfactory accuracy.
The thicknesses given in the tables do not include aIlowance for corrosion.
For the determination of the required pipe wall thickness in piping systems the
various piping codes shall be applied.
Selecting pipe,the 12.5% tolerance in wall thickness shall be taken into consider-
ation. The”minimum thickness of the pipe wall equals the nominal thickness
times .875.
149
REQUIREDPIPEWALLTHICKNESS
FORINTERNALPRESSURE(cent)
1 PRESSUREPSIG.
IAM. 550 950 1
600 650 700 750 800 850 900
1 D ). 0. 01 920 0. 0.0 20.0.031 620 82 9
2 0 .3 0. 30 740 1.0 0.0 50.0.062 250 5 9
3 0 .D 0. 50 60 2.0 00. 70.0.093 708 83 8
4 0 .3 0. 70 580 2.0 1.0 01.0.124 31 01 7
5 0 .0 00. 91. 410 12.0 110. 21.0,156 913 48 7
REQUIREDPIPEWALLTHICKNESS
FOR INTERNALPRESSURE(cont.)
6
7
8
9
N E F M
C V
P bi t ap d i j n ohn o ie gnz l ixzsy n eo l igtet evc r rs eT ea msth s esl below,to
steh hndetermine
l e o. de ,
thenozzleloadsisbased inpartontheBulletin107of WeldingResearchCouncilandrepresents
a simplificationof it. The vesselsare not intendedto serveas anchorpoints for the piping.To
avoid excessiveloading in the vessel,the pipingshall be adequatelysupported.
FRJW
r{,
4
A
R.
-—. *
———— — - - — — .
,
E x t F e or & Mnr ao c l m e e s n t s
T calculate the maximum forceoand moment, first evaluate ~and y. Then determine
CL2, and A from Figures 1, 2 and 3, for the specified~ and ~ substitute into the
aquationsbelow, and calculateFRRF,
0= (q(R.-;)
;alculatePressureStress
2(150)375 ~ = 14,850psic&=17,500 psi
‘=%m-3= 75( ~ - 2)
Jse o= 24,850in the equationsfor calculatingFRRF
and MkM
~alculateAllowableForces and Moments
Fw= ~ (~y. @ =(#2(3 1,500—14,850)= 53,214 lb.
IL
P f t vl o a oo ah FRFl a t t u sr e meo n afh l s l
k fa ~, aQ A
1 ~nT 7 a&f l fLl n odW h Mwol as z.ob el z ea
a b o b ut r a n o dF’RF, r 0,
eh eMm.
d e y e a f
T h e a rn e rof oe zroa F e =zc2, t l 0l i ae o, nb 0 0f
k 1 0 i l0? w, b0b oan 0=l ul0s( o lA w
p. .a od b l ie
= i n b a- n l ro eub z o a F. =zc5 t ll t ,i a e oJ 0bn 0 nf s 4 0
6 2 i0 l , w 0 n0b onb 0 a *ul s l (o ol . w Bp. da o b t l ie
* N
U a ob v ts s oiae t l gl : u rute ehae ps hn
S O T A T I O N :
P = DesignPressure,poundsper sq. in. Z = DimensionlessNumbers
‘ =N oO uz R
t za i s odl ni ie d c Au e =hs D i , em e ns N
s i ou n lme s bs e r
R =M R e ao S d iah i . n e un c l FRRFs h= l Maximum
f e, s Resultant Radial Forc(
T = S T hh i ice k n n l e c s l sh , e pounds* s
S =Y S i t or eM e a nlaytD g e d te r h is a fi R
k f
M la g R x c t eni , s mC ui@ur l c tum ma f ne r t
T e m p pe r aop t su u r qie n, eu d n a s M o
r cr m
, i e n ce hh n- p t o um n d s *
o = S Dt sp r te sso s I uo ur e M, n a WdRx e is s Lm uo Mnul g t miMat un d t
Dr ue s ie g e n P
p s qi eu n a r cr e hm i ne c h n- p o t u n d, s *
s = S Vt eliu= aM
o r a f Me Sl a s. pth u e seo r FRF l nl a , dRx e is sF m u poul t omr a u nc nt
p s qi eu n a c r r h eF = .M ’ a xR R ei s mMuMu lo tm i m a en n
~ =D i m e n N s i ou n lm e s bs e r p s o u n d s *
Y = D i m e n N
s i ou n lm e s bs e* ar bs Uv s ao s l l u u et ee s
a =D i m e n N
s i ou n lm e s bs e r s
REFERENCES:
Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings, K. R.
Wichman, A. G. Hopper and J. L. Mershon — Welding Research Council. Bulletin
107/August 1965 — Revised Printing — December 1968.
Standardsfor ClosedFeedwaterHeaters, Heat Exchange Institute, Inc., 1969.
155
NOZZLE LOADS
Fig. 1
1OJ
9
8
7
6
5
4
, , , , , , 1I I I 1I I I I I ( ,
1
1 t I 1 1 I 1
,,, I 1 !, , I [ I I I I I I I I I 1 t
1 i
I I 1 1
I
I
I
i::: i
, , f, I I I [ WI I ! ,: I I I ! I I [ I I I I I I I [’1 I I I
9
;
6
5
4
3
, - ,
t
2
a
I :-+-!r i ! { I--+--L - l-l++ +--l-%-l-~ -: . .: I \. I I : i I ~i i ~
9
8
7
6
5
4
I, ;,I
,, ; I,
1
I! I
II
, ?
2 1 . . . . !.
—
1
, I
1
1[ t
1, ! r
I I ,
10
1 5 6
NOZZLE LOADS
Fig 2
!
1.11
1
NOZZLE LOADS,
Fig. 3
1OJ
9
8
7
6
5
4
6
5
4
A
lo]
9
8
7
6
5
4
]02
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
10
0 .05 .1 .15 .2 .25 .3 .35 .4 .45 .5
1
.“,
R
T J C C
U I P
A the junction of cone or conical section to cylinder (Fig. C and D) due
to bending and shear, discontinuity stresses are induced which are with
reinforcement to be compensated.
DESIGN PROCEDURE (The half apex angle cz<30 deg.)
1. Determine P/S,EI and read the value of~ from tables A and B“
2. Determine factor y, For reinforcing ring on shell, y = s~~~
For reinforcing ring on cone, y/S’~E~
W t v o Ai l t c r s b p e
3 D f =y/S, E, (Use minimum 1.0 for k in formula). e
4. Design size and location of reinforcing ring (see next page).
NOTATION
E = with subscriptss,c or r modulusof R~=insideradiusof largecylinderat large
elasticityofshell,coneorreint20rcing endof cone,in.
ringmaterialrespectively,psi. R=inside radiusof smallcylinderat small
Seechartsbeginningonpage43 for endof cone,in.
modulusof elasticity. S= withsubscriptss,corrallowable stress
E= with subscriptslor 2 efllciencyof of shell,cone or reinforcingmaterial,
weldedjoints in shellor cone psi.
respectively. t= minimum required thickness of cylin-
For compression E=l.O for butt der at thejunction,in.
welds. t,= actualthicknessofcylinderatthejunc-
fi= axialload at largeend due to wind, tion,in.
deadload,etc.excludingpressure, t,= requiredthicknessof cone
lbfin. at thejunction,in.
j= axialloadat smallenddueto wind, t.= actualthicknessofconeatthejunction,
deadload,etc.excludingpressure, in.
lblin. U= halfapexangleof coneor conicalsec-
P= Designpressure,psi tion,deg.
Q~=algebraics~ofPR~/2 andfi 1b/in. A= anglefi-omtableA or B, deg.
Q,= algebraicsumof PIL/2 andfi lb/in. ~ = factor:SSE, orSCEC
160
R
T J C C
FORMULAS
JUNCTION AT THE LARGE END
M ; x .
Required area of reinforcement, A sq. in. when tension governs
(see notes)
~ r~ . kQLRL 1 .L tan a
S,EI () a
E!l
Area of excess metal for reinforcement, sq. in.
FIG. C
A.L = (t,—t) G+ (t.—t~ {h./ cos CZ
The distance from the junction within which the centroid of the reinforcement shall
be situated, in.
0.25 X &
N O W Ta t t h eE
hj u n c St i o ne c:o m pl r ens s ioovref i eax c e edd t h est el n s ~ido noea l t bea r ymd
2o P r eR s p e,t c d t i/ sve erb 2lhsi hya , ci ca gw o erUl nd( a(i l ns e cgan tt“e ap h) r ha bo2fo :v
t r o tu C h S l o e hVe dcDe Ist i e l fvi eI io, s. In i o, ” n )
W t r h e md hoeu o ca o enm f r ceud ts oos w ne o citrf o tdc ai ir afe aof l enw
pn r sei kg n et nt l hu
a w t h h an a a he apni g d gl nr t e l3e df aehxt det , em ae gs r hbs a .n oi as0y , gp a es b nne aece
( 1 C( ( o - d~g e ) 5 & .
161
R
T J C C
E
DESIGN DATA:
= 30 deg. half apex angle of cone.
;.ECE,=30x 1 m o e p
= 1.0,joint efficiencyin shell and cone
= 0.55,joint efficiencyin reinforcingring
= 800 lb/in, axial load at largeend
= 952 lb/in, axial load at smallend
= 50 psi., internaldesignpressure
a = 100 in., insideradius of largecylinder
= 84 in., insideradius of smallcylinder
= 13,800psi., allowablestressof shell material
= 13,800psi., allowablestressof cone material
= 14,500psi., allowablestressof ring material
= 0.429 in., requiredmin.thicknessfor large cylinder
= 0.360 in., requiredmin. thicknessfor smallcylinder
= 0.500 in. actualthicknessof cone.
= 0.4375 in., actualthicknessof large cylinder
= 0.375 in., actualthicknessof smallcylinder
= 0.41 in., required thickness of cone at small cylinder
dL t,L = 0.49 in., requiredthicknessof cone at large cylinder
R
T J C C
E (continuea)
R
T J C C
U E P
D, Reinforcement shall be provided at the junction of cone
t-l to cylinder, or at the junction o t l e o c
section to cylinder when cone, or conical section doesn’t
have knuckles and the value of A, obtained from table E,
L. is less than ct.
dr I 3 TABLE E - VALUES OF A
P/SE o 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10
!$! A,deg. o 5 7 10 15 21 29 33
;L P/SE 0.125 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
A, deg , 37 40 47 52 57 60
w -
I
CX= 6 d f g e r v e ooag Pa l 0t . u/e r re S s f E
N I no t e rt mp ob el ma t f i: iao ann t e rvodm y ae de lei a urt e e
The required moment of inertia and cross-sectional area
I
of reinforcing (stiffening) ring — when the half apex
T ‘angle a is equal to or less than 60 degrees — shall be
FIG. F determined by the following formulas and procedure.
1. Determine P/SE, and read the value of A from table E.
2. Determine the equivalent area of cylinder, cone and stiffening ring, ATI,,
sq. in. $3:: pa~~ 46 for construction of stiffening ring)
A~lJ= ~ + ; + A., 3 FIDI.
Calculate factor B B = ~ (~ ,)
where
M = -RL tan a + L[ + R{?-R.?
F[.= PM+ J tan a 2 2 3RI,tan a
3. From the applicable chart (pages 43 thru 47) read the value of A entering at
the value of B, moving to the left to the material/temperature line and from
the intersecting point moving vertically to the bottom of the chart.
For values of 1?falling below the left end of the material/temperature line
for the design temperature, the value of A=2WE.
If the value of B is falling above the material/temperature line for the design
temperature: the cone or cylinder configuration shall,be changed, and/or the
stiffening ring relocated, the axial compression stress reduced.
4. Compute the value of the required moment of inertia
For the stiffening ring only: For the ring-shell-cone section:
AD[.2A 1[. ADI,ZA 71,
Is = ~400 I’,Y=
10.9
5. Select the type of stiffening ring and determine the available moment of
inertia (see page 87) of the ring only 1, or the shell-cone or the ring-shell-
cone section 1’.
164
R
T J C C
(continue~
3. F t a c ( t r e a p e
v o B m t t l t t m l a f at
i p m v t t b o t nc
F v o t l e f n l f t d
d t t v o =2 e
I t v of B is falling above the materialhemperature line for the design
temperature: the cone or cylinder configuration shall be changed, and/or the
stiffening ring relocated, the axial compression stress reduced.
4. Compute the value of the required moment of inertia:
For the ring-shell-cone section: For the st~~e~~~ ring only:
~; = AD,2ATS ~.=
10.9 1:.0
5. Selectthe type ofstiffeningring anddeterminethe available moment of inertia
(see page 89) of the ring only, land of the ring-shell-cone section, I! Iflorl’ is
Iessthanl..orli respectively,selectstiffeningringwith largermomentofinertia.
6. Determine the required cross-sectional area ofreinforcement. A,,, sq. in:
A~s= kQSR~tan~
SE
metal available for reinforcement Ac,sq. i n .
A.s = 0.55 % [(t,-~ + (tc-tr)/cos
ix]
The distance from thejunction within which the additional reinforcement shall
be situated, in.-
G
The distance from thejunction within which the centroid of the reinforcement
shall be situated, in.
025 G
NOTE:Whenthereducersmadeoutoftwoormoreconicalsectionsofdifferentapexangles
withoutknuckle,andwhenthehalfapexangleisgreaterthan60degrees,thedesignmaybe
basedon specialanalysis.(Code1-8(d)and(e).)
NOTATION
R
T J C C
(continued)
R
T J C C
E
t, DESIGN DATA
T DL = 96 in., o d o l c
Ds = 48
~ =
E,, Ec, E m o e o s
c a r m p
a
fl = 100 lb./in., axial load due to wind
A = 30 lb./in., axial load due to wind.
LL = 120 in., design length of large vessel
section.
L, = 244 in., design length of small vessel
section.
Lc = 48 in.
~ = 15psi, external design pressure
F = 48.00 in. outside radius oflarge cylinder
LL R
“ = 24.00 in. outside rad;us ofsmall cylinder
Designtemperature=6500F SS = 13,800 psi. maximum allowableworking
stress of shell and cone material.
SR = 12,700 psi. maximum allowable working stress of reinforcement mate-
rial.
t = 0.25
t = 0.1875 in. minimum required thickness of small cylinder.
t. = 0.25 in. actual thickness of cone.
t, = 0.25 in. minimum required thickness of cone.
t. = 0 i a t o c
R
T J CONE TO CYLINDER
EXAMPLE (continue~
~ = R 8 t +~ ; n ~~ + +a2 ; ~ ; “+ +;4 5 : ( X
=7 ~ 74 x 4 =4 149.72 in.
: + j
169
R I
T J C C
E (continue~
3 F$.DS
= 3/4~22;; :48) = 2232
B ‘? x
3. Since value of B falls below the left end of material/temperature line:
A= 2 B/E = 2 X 2232/30X 106= ().()()()14
4. Required moment ofinertiaofthe combined ring-shell-cone cross section:
AD.?An = 0.00014X 482X 36.5 = ~ 08 in ~
1’,,=
10.9 10.9
5. Using 2% x % flat bar, and the effective shell width:
1.1448 x 0.25 = 3.81 in.
The available moment of inertia 1.67 in.4 (see page 96)
It is larger than the required moment of inertia; the stiffening is satisfactory.
6. The required area of reinforcing:
and the centroid of the ring shall be within a distance from the junction:
0.25 ~R,,t,,= 0.25424 x o = O . i . z nb s l .
170
WELDING
O P V R
There are several methods to make welded joints. In a .particular case the choice
of a type from the numerous alternatives depend on:
1. The circumstances of welding
2. The requirements of the Code
3. The aspect of economy
2. CODE REQUIREMENTS.
Regarding the type of joint the Code establishes requirements based on service,
material and location of the welding. The welding processes that may be used
in the construction of vesselsare also restricted by the Code as described in
paragraphUW-27.
The Code-regulations are tabulated on the followin~ -. DaEesunder
- the titles:
a. Types o W eJ l o d i e nf d t s
( J permitted
o i byn the Code,
t s their efficiency and limitations of their
applications.) Table UW-12
b. D eo W s e Ji l go d ni e nf d t s
( o J t b u f v i v s a u c
tain design conditions.) UW-2, UW-3
c. E x a m io nW a t e iJ o l no d i e nf d t s
The efficiency of joints depends only on the type of joint and on the degree of
examination and does not depend on the degree of examination of any other
joint. (Except as required by UW-ll(a)(5)
This rule of the 1989 edition of the Code eliminates the concept of collective
qualification of butt joints, the requirement of stress reduction.
[
171
Double V
V
a
Lower quality weldingmakes necessarythe use of thicker plate for the vessel.
Whether using stronger welding and thinner plate or the opposite is more
economical,depends on the size of vessel,weldingequipment, etc. This must
be decidedin eachparticularcase.
172
T W J
JOINTEFFICIENCY,E
TYPES -
b c
CODEUW-12 F us ; pN ~ o
R a E d x ia E mo x i a- n m
g r a p h e r
w m oe e tl a d l n
t i an o hs u i t n 1.00 ds e i e d0d e . 8
w s ue r f la c de .
B as ci u t k i rs n ig e p fd
s b rh e a am of l v t l e e de r
c o m op w l e et i o l n d f .
S i n g l be - j w e ulo d e di t n t t
w b a is c tk t i r nh ig 0 p .0 8.
w r h e i m i ac i hn s n
p a l w f ea lt c d e i e nr g
c
j
3
S i n g l be - j w e ulo d e di t n t t
w i u ot b h a o sc u k t i en f g 0 .
s t r i p
D o u b l e - f u l l —
f l ij l o la i e nt p t
5
S i n fg l ie - lf u ll l e t
l j o a i n p t
w p w i l e t lu hd g s
S if u n l l ; gj i ~ l ol $ea ; i ~ n p t
—
p w l e lu d g s
173
T W J
L I M I T A T I O N S
I A P PV L A Y R I IN N OG U S NOTES
WELDTYPES
FORTYPE1:N O N E
J C oa tA Bie g ,no r Cty : , ,D
D W J
P W O E
D E S JI TO
G N I Y R AN D PI OT G RE JA P H OI C IH N E
C O N D I AT CI OA NT N E EG X OA D MR I YNE AF TF I IO CNT I RE EN AC TY
a h s e b onhT a a dy d l s p l1 ein f ee t
(1) or T ( y 2p thickness do not
wall e require
) UHT-57
F u l l r ( y 1p e )
r a d i o gmy rT a op w h yi j ec ol pione id ne fr dt ( s 0y 2.p 6e )
e x a m i n a t i o n r ( 0y P3.pC 6e o e )
i n o s t r ( 0y U4.p C 5eS )
m a n d a t o r y . T ( 0y 5.p 5e )
T v ie hs s e e l s T ( ’ 0 y 6. p 4e )
d e fs i g no e d r
e x t e r n a l
p r oe s ns u rl e y
Uw-1 l ( c )
o A s i b hn at ls l e
~ N ( p o 1 F e . )u I. l l
J W( ( - 2 ( 1 aa ) ) )
o B a i C s nb h n t a s l d l e / ef sa s b
, V ec s r soN e( yo l n . s op 1- e . ) 1r T
t al i e n Nt i ( hn ga o 2l ( ya . o c 1pt a 0r
. ) 0 ( j .
l a 2
s l 9
o
s u b s Jt a Wn( (c- e 2 s ( 1 ba ) ) )
U W - 2 ( a ) h b p a o
]intsB andC butt v h t e re
n
J Dos bi f h n aiut b wls l eu l l el l t d eJl t W d - 2
o c p e n w
e t r ea t Di l oi sn id h ns et ls n l
n e x tt e h tn r d io, hn u hgs ge hnh a e a d dl s l
x e t n h ito t c i k }nr f e rhe s u s a l f de l
1 iey -
t v oe n swo s z }ae z g el lr l rax e p cl h ee dp t
c r U W( ( - 2 d( 1: a x )c)t h )ua . n gb e re s
o e
x r J oo c ai C tf n e mgt e oxs o cr fh y a n gr e rd s
e s t f a b l r j h i c o aJ at Wie(e da - n 2 p (t2 na ) ) d
p
s e 3 a
U t W n- 2 (u a d) ( l b ) (s c ) p n e ) d r
n
r U
J l ( W ( - 4a 1 ) )
J Aos b iT h Nn ay t ls p l e e o
( ( e f a x u1 cs t eoe pn ) i t f i T r c ( Type(y 1p 2 e
c h nr os i m t cai i uk n m le e l s s
s t e e l ) . . 0
$ V eo s ps l B os b i
e e l .r st h N n ay- t ls op l e e .
a b te le( o d w 2 )
– o2 U 0 W( ”a - ( 2 F ( 1 r nb 2 ) ) d )
i t i pJ e Caof p ci se nutn e t t t r sl a st i ol i n
m F s PhC o e
r e fq uwelds iextending
ro ethrough d r spot UCS-56
t m a tthehentire
e r
sectioni of theae l No
o w m ejoint
e tl ar d l
U W - 2 ( b )
J Dof p i e nun e t t r l a s t i ol n
w e ex tt le h n rdd oi sn u g g h
t e s n ea htt c i t ri eh oe n t e
j U o W( ai- ( 2 n ( 2 nbt 3 ) ) d )
A
s e xu c er e de - b f r u a l d l o
ie y l a - s l o
i 5 p J n Bos s bit h N n a
g 0 io
y t g lse r op axl pe ce h . e
e rs p b p h
t ao
S n a o(be o N o(t 1ve e o eu2 t )np r . r d) 1 hoT e ( v ryw i. he -t 1pe r e 0e
i t c oh U l W iu - mn2 s (n s C o )i o ~ T n ( 0 sU y fW. 2p- 29
a d e s i g t n U l ( W ( - 4 a I ) )
c o 4n d i t i o n :
176
l Aos b i t h Nn ay t ls op l e e . w t t h h
: 1 ) l a w e e l
o o ci a n
J Bos b i t h Nn ay t ls op l e e . ; (t P
1) e - e
[1) o N o h 2- F he r . uT ) n ( Te l(y : y 1xp5 i c2 p ee
7 P r ve s se u wr s. t e
(
m a .l t
t h j l ec x 5kc isc n
ei t ee os es / s nd spI. 8 .0o h 90 i
s s ut e b D 0. n .8tf e l s 85 s
d fi i r N wr e j ei c oolnt t N s.7o l t
di g y ne o dt p 0s f e 0. a 60l e
( a p e rf 3emr i i t to ) e e h d e r r , to P t h h
A o Bj ioa i n n t r s n y ~ 1 p w oo
t h i c k n e s s I t r eei a t
U W - 2 ( d ) n a n d a
8 E l e c tA r b ow s U l ae .l g u Wl ( Fd l - t as u 1 I T ) ( l y . P l C 1p o0 e
w e l ( d i n 6 g ) 0 T ( y . U 2C
p S9
F u l l
U l t e r a xs o na i cm -
9 F c i l Aon w s a ue n. r l l e i d nwy ats t h 1 iT (ohe ny . P nC 1pe o0 e
o v e sU sl ( eW (l f s - c7 a o n 1 s t ) r )u0 c T t i( o ny . U 2C
p S9
d n p o e roe m si t t
r a d i o g r a p h s
1 S e a 0m l e s. s s p o t
v e s s e l
s e o c Jt ci o oo ni nv n nse e c t rt s Ni s ns g oe l n Pe C o e
h e s a e a c hd t o w
ies on an A o B h
s d d s 0 e . r n U8 r C5 S
U l W ( - a 1 w
) a te 3 l y r d p s e e ,
( ( 5 b ) ) 4 5 6 , ,
U W - 1 2 ( d )
1 J o 1i n t . s N g rt e o ah t ea t
c o m pA lW e t e e n d l d y s , 8 0
b u r e s s u r y e
u w - 1 2 ( f )
E F F I C (I E
T NB CU YE I SC A L C )EUO L EA D
T I O NN S
O S E A M K N Code
H L TE EHSF I S C A A E S S UW-12(d)
D S M E
TYPE OF T OFY P E
HEAD JOINT
N o1 .0 l 0.0 08 .
H e m i
s p h e r i cN a l 00 .0 2 9 .0 08.
O t h e Ar s N 1 Y . 0 0 . 0
* c a F l ic un l vo a ot il rov n i n g
c i r c u ms f e ort , e n rt i aa el s @ s r r
t h io s c ek h an m e sel s e s af s d
177
RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATION
FuUradiographyis mandatory of joints: (Code UW-11)
1. All butt welds in shells, heads, nozzles,communicating
chambersofunjired
steam boikrs having
lethalsubstances.
2 All .
1 1
Exemption: B and C butt welds in nozzlesand communicating
chambers that neither exceed 10 in pipe size nor 1 1/8in. wall thickness do not
require radiographicexamination in any of the above cases.
3 All categoryA and D butt welds . in vessel sectionsand heads where the design
of the joint or part is based on joint efficiency 1.0,or 0.9. (see preceding
pages: Design of Welding Joints).
4 All butt weldsjoined by electroslagweldingand
, all electrogasweldingwith any
greaterthan 1
radiography,as a minimum,ismandatoryof
1 B or Cweldswhichintersectthe
. CategoryA buttweldsinvessel
sections(includingnozzlesand communicating chambersabove10 in. pipe
size and 1in.wallthickness)or mmect seamlessvesselsectionsor headswhen
the designof Catego~ A and D buttweldsinvesselsectionsand headsbasedon
ajointefficiencyof 1.0or 0.9.
2 S radiography
p isoptionalofbutt
o . t weldedjoints(~ 1 2 w a hn i r c o ) h
required to ~ filly ~diographed. If spot radiographyspeciiled for the entire
vessel, radiographicexaminationis not required of CategoV B and C butt
welds in nozzlesand communicatingchambers.
No Radiography.No radiographicexaminationofweldedjoints is required when
the vessel or vessel part is designed for external pressure only,or when the
design of joints based on no radiographicexamination.
ULTRASONICEXAMINATION
B W J
P C L U T
B T A IP T E D RI F E FE
H E
D
I TR H E NFI ECI MEK N T E O S 1N S
H R
I O O N E N - FO OT UT R. HT
R HPIH NL C N AFU EEOW
T RU - E 9DW . ( - C E 1) , 3
T L E OH NT TG ATE T H
P HR E A RNF SSEE I DTH
B I M O AIN N 3LT I TMLI UME
O F B FE STT WA
E DET J H
ES A U
N C R E F TENA WTC EM SH E B. p LAA OE R D
E N T I IT R T E A L SP
HY E OC R N
AT EE D DI J TOA I C
N E NR T O
x2 3
&
1
L &3
T e ai t ~ p oe o{ evu $ jt r ~ s ~ i
&
r L
e g i e nn t e
‘ s L @ & y H TE S AH E
D LS L
A T T A C H M E N T
$
z ~ l
/ 2 ( t @
T s p h c h le en mat el er t l l i a e
b o e si o t hi h eeed hn r
p c le n t a e r tl i n e e
‘ ~ % ’
Y %
Y
a nL g~ e n - t ~ ~ H TE S AH ED LS L
A ~ A C H M E N T
Y ;
~ ~ 3 Z z l / 2 ( t h - ty
S -. —-
1 ~ “ $ ~W t e h~ t,., t c m e e i le n nhdoe is h ~ m
tn r u g ea
z f il 3 ba n tnn e ge u 1xh e i coee- s , e xt 1 d e
w n e h ct p e rser s oe al qvnr oeuyit i nd a ro e ge
a n g e- n ti L i- n /e f W l t i e h t oql et u1 e .tnh a l 2k ssoel 5a o nhrr
s t f r sla bi ash gu n fhf a fatg i r lc ee i qoel nnue
t Ta s pp hc eelh nemr tab oe .le r te sl i lai ent ei
o t h p c e ehl n t aae r f lte id n e e .
— —7 -
th
@ e :
1
APPLICATIONOF WELDINGSYMBOLS
n
m +rt
v P
m =
m K
8
& & w
~ ‘
&
APPLICATIONOF WELDINGSYMBOLS
b G ‘i’’’g%N:i;E’”E
~q g~g2g9D
~,
SYMBOL
INDICATES
L d
E
* 8 -
P
s
181
Code
Service Brief extracts of Code requirements
paragraph
L e B
t wh ueja loil vt d i e t ecnts odst l ne ses tlu ntbas s ih U
to an- a n( c l e s
s u b s st ab hnf c r eaua ds i ol g r al p eh ye d .
W f a h b or ci e c a oa l t nr ae dbs l soo t fbl nph e o rUaw oe- y ( l l s l e
w h te r e e l a a t de td .
T j oo v hi a c nra t it see ogsc ohu orf sti nape fas lr o a r lg mr a p o h
Uw -2.
S p t cl oe an f t et os pr ee m
l c i s f nSi cg aASt i o-A no s U
3- - 62 ( ( ,8 C 3
s n hb u a s o l e l dt e .
V e w s a r s ei e m
q l uit sitn rh ih ie omcld kut %e e ucs
nm h s -25
ss a f s n
S t i e na m c h
i & n .
i s &h h ne ~l l .d s I s J ( G -
N O T E S :
1 U ns f b t i om r eai eb l .ca dole an mrsi at ss rc uc y c o ot r eed d a n c n e
w t i ht h e
2 V ei w s s s a e e xt w l f.c s etil j unruc r rd ie oes hot dd i c m t i ohe n
c a l o ii srd t ee e d n
.
1 Q?
1
C R R
V W T V
T h i c k -
?
n i e 1 s n3 s < 3 , .A x 6 4 5 2 3 6 4 7 % 6 4 A
241 24 1 2 3 4 5 2 4, 5, 65 4 6 ,8 ,95 4, 6,, 8,, 9, ‘, 7 8, 9, 11, ,27 8, 9, 1, 1
a p p 5 l6 8i 9 c 5 a6 a b9 6l 8 e9 1 8 9 , 1, , , 1 1, ,1 , ,11 ,1 , 11, 121 ,1 , I , 1 1, 1, 2 4 4 ,
N 1o 1 1 t I1 1 e11 21 1 s 1 21 1, ,2 441 , ,2 41 , , 5 , 4 5 5
v t ha i ic k l - 1 4A 516 4
n i e 9 s n5 s ~ 1, . 31 6 1 4A 36,
%
i T ha i lc k 1l - 1 l 3 1
m i s1 n 1s1 ,< . 6 1 <A 15 6 1X% 3 &7 o6 XAv
—
7 1 1 7 1 1 3 7 61 1 3 7 61, ,1 ,37 61, 1, , 3 6 ,
\ p p 7 l 1 i1 c 7 a1 1b 3l 7 61e 1 3 1 62, , 1 , 3 1 6 1, ,27 , 01 91, , 7 , 818 ,1 2, 7 ,,1 1, 1, 721 8 ,
N o
1 2 t 1 2 e7 1 2 s 7 2 , 0 7 1 2, 02 1 2, 029 01 22 29 02 2, , 9 2 0 ,
N o t e s
( B
E x r ot Ci r Rae e oqc fu t i r s de m e fn et s )
2 M a n u f a m
c t u a r s e rr b.s k’ho i t ta nd ghdl s e t el aa e meri pUn i ( pnG ge .-
C R O U
R ED L LT V
A
EE AT S E
R
W DI T OHA I UC
O KSL NO EV S LS E E S S S
( C o n t i n u e d )
N o t e s
( B
E x r ot Ci r Rae e oqc fu ti r s ed m e fn et s )
1 S w
i 4neb jgl wudl o . i eu itt o d bh n aot s s ctu a ktct ci erfe n p f tgi a b po l e
19. Post weld heat treatment of P-1 materials is mandatory for all welded TableUCS-56
connections and attachments.
20. Double welded butt joint or single welded butt joint with backing Tableuw-lz
strip shall be used for circumferential or longitudinaljoints.
N O T E :
P w h o t e r ees i nal t ea trm ide e nqttn p tuh r ioe fhrs ojr ie b od i t io er dn t r s
b e a tu w s s t et e asne ii ont nt t i P
l e c e 8 ges- sh r(l N T os a oob fu eu .l p a t . e d
p 1 ) a 8g e 5 .
1- . 8 4-
T A V
C F A C L
Excerpt from the Departmentof Labor OccupationalSafety and Health
Standards(OSHA),ChapterXVII, Part 1910.106,
(FederalRegister,July 1, 1985)
CLASSIFICATION REGULATION
ATMOSPHERIC
TANKS Atmospherictanks shall be built in accord-
ance with acceptable good standards of
Storagetank whichhas been design.
designedto operateat Atmospherictanks may be built in accord-
pressuresfrom atmospheric ance with:
through0.5 psig. 1. Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. Stand-
ards
2. American Petroleum Institute Standards
No. 12A, No. 650, No. 12B, No. 12D,
& No. 12F.
P V P V s b b i a
Stora e tank or vessel with the ASMECode for PressureVessels,
which i?asbeen designed SectionVIII.
to operateat pressures
above15 psig.
In addition to the regulationsof the above mentioned standards and code, the
occupationalsafety and health standardscontainrulesconcerningtanks and vessels
as follows:
1. Definitionof combustibleand flammableliquids
2. Materialof storagetanks
3. Locationof tanks
4. Ventingfor tanks
5. Emergencyreliefventing
6. Drainage
7. Installationof tanks
185
I am i d n me i t m es e m uipaf tem
t gr a ahtn u nir l e -c k d -
n e s s - c o omc b i naaa lt i aro n s b l ni t oo l ef n oe d w l y s s
b t ce i uFl Urh o Cfvi Swtm
e -Geei sp 6 s n a6. t , ci nt g s
r e q u i r e d . N I tO H aT t n mhE
d c b o. oouh mno e m
k ss o
. m a a t l e iFr o is rsa t t Al heosC dSe ee o . r r
M
I
I
I
I A c aa a rsl l l bt ni itl oe f l soneo l t d l hy oe s
~ I - ‘‘ p a an s gb h n eeo 4o l s wod t wn
I
1 0 0 . S A
G &-6 Sr 5- G1_A5&02B5 5 8 , A
I S A
G & -7 i nr 5 n o 1 r6 m6 oa l 5 i z 0e f
8 / 0
I
6 1Y .~ S A
G 5 &-6 i n 5 n o1 r 6 o a rl 5 i
m 0z f
I /0 -
I / {
: 40
I /{ A / -
; 20
I
I
j 4i a t m i n dn n h mei ms .e du i e tm g
t e m pi ce r t oa 1t ul ihr2 de m0 ea p°s r aF
: I tm en p xs a pt cid ntrt egme da s t b tueh rUe s iCa d aS e l-l 6 dl6
:- I 8 1 0
0.394 1 2 3 4 5
N ot hm ii ci k n n ae Nsl i s , tm i rm p e e f aqm uac s oit t ero ret si d a
S G
A B a -t e 1m -p 9Fa e r w3 a ta Ru4 7rr nt e m
F U ICI M
S T G -PC 6E
AU. 6CR S STV A GEBT a t- S e m
3 -p 0Fe a r w7a t a u2r rr n
te m
F s t a v t eoi w os t n cs aho e r ri r yl n hsec a i, d
i F U C1i i l S t - go e 6t h nF6 ,n s ,ih a g es s
p r f o ubv rti uadtm e has w
s et siie r t r s hi
i tm e Up s G ta - i 6 c n6 t(g b . ) .
R E D OU MC IT IN O I N M U FM
M TE E M TP E RA A T LU R E
E X A M P L E :
>
3 V 3
Z F 1 O R
: 0 . 6 g - d t ee ms ip f ei F r U
ag r tC uISn r - eo6 6G 5 stm
; W
. \ A I t a sc i thtt er uf nie af ens r s l t i se oo
~ c a
@ o.4-
- ~ p r a e o s l st i 1uon hpr 2 ae te s @d r i Ons
m a a zl sli oomtt hwe umra a tmbe en la l ei as 1 5 ,s
; S J p t r s a i ht .i o, e :
1 ~ 0 0 =00 / 1 5 , 0 .0 0
~ “ “ 0 ” 2 ; ” ’ a f r n t r o e di d2 m uh c 0 t i
Z * T m i d n the ei m smip 5 eui er 30mag t - us n 0r 2 e
< .
( A p j p el fio fc isa cib ii l he enn i cc ai tle sul
o
T
Nominal Specification
Form Composltlon Number Grade APPLICATION
C - Mn - Si SA-516 65 * 99
——
C - Mn - Si SA-516 70 * 99
——
a&: C - Mn - Si SA-105 For hightemperatureservice
C“S
~z C - Si SA-181 I For generalservice
‘u
c1 C - Mn LF1
e SA-350 LF2 For low temperatureservice
C - Mn - Si
C - Mn SA-53 B For generalservice
E
z C - Mn SA-106 B For hightemperatureservice
ICr-1/5Mo. SA-193 B7 * For hi temperatureservice
M Bolt2* in. dam. or less
.-G
3 SA-194 2H For hightemperatureservicenut
m
SA-307 B* Machinebolt for generaluse
*Forlowtemperature
operation
seepage185
PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
(continued)
NOTES:
1. SA-36and SA-283ABCDplatemaybe usedfor pressureparts inpressure
vesselsprovidedall of the followingrequirementsare met:
(1) The vessels arenotusedto contain lethal substances, either liquid or I
gaseous;
(2) Tmaterial isnotusedintheconstmctionofunfiredsteamboilers(see
Code U-1 (g) ~;
(3) Withtheexception of flanges, flatboltedcovers, andstiffeningrings
on which strength welding is applies does not exceed 5/8 in.
2. For service temperatures above 850° Fit is recommended that killed steels
containing not less than O.IOOA
residual silicon be used. Killed steels which
have been deoxidized with large amounts of aluminum and rimmed steels
may have creep and stress-rupture properties in the temperature range
above 850° F, which are somewhat less than those on which the values in
the table are based.
8. The stress values to be used for temperatures below -20° F when steels are
made to conform with supplement (5) SA-20 shall be those that are given
in the column for -20 to 650° F.
I
190
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
STAINLESS STEEL
P No.8 GroupNo.1. -
——
TABLE 1 TAklLE3
P r S o N dp G u eN
rc o t c ao . dt P . ree So sNd pG u eNcr ot 6oa
Plate 304 2 3 . P l S aA 316-t 2 23 e 4
S Tb. m SA-213 l TP304s 2 . g Plate SA-240 317 2 3
00
Smls. Tb. SA-213 TP304H — ~ SA-213 TP316 2
z 3 :
y +@ y:: ;’: SA-312 TP304 2 ; ;? %: ;;: SA-213 TP316H —
SA.312 TP304H — & Smls. Pp. SA-312
~ q ~ 33 Smls. pp. SA.312 TL~?l~\ :
~ “gg H:: ;;: W;: TP304H
‘p304 —
2 ‘ =-~ Smls. Pp. SA-312 317 2
z . . C Pp. a SA-452 s TP304Ht — . 5 “Z
g“ Smls. Pp. SA-376 TP316 2
Q SE Forg. SA-182 F304 2 s “? Smls. Pp. SA-376 TP316H —
Forg. SA-182 z ijg Cast Pp. SA-452 TP316H —
* F304H —
a Bar SA-479 304 235 Forg. SA-182 F316 2
g [ F o SA-182 r F316Hg — .
g TABLE 2 g b SA-479a 316 235 r
a
d Product Spec. No. G Nr gao dt e s
< u TABLE 4
~ Plate SA-240 304L — A Product Spec. No. G Nr oa
z O* Smls. Tb. SA-213 TP304L — :
: ~ Smls. Pp. SA.312 TP304L ~ —
s =jS ;::: Tb SA-240 316L —
~~ Bar g ~’g . . SA-213 TP316L —
SA-479 304L 5 Smls. Pp. SA-312 TP316L —
j’ ~
>*
B S aA 316L
- 54 r 7
M A XA LI LM O SUW M
A
T V B RA
L 1E L
E P US. E S0 S d, 0 0
MATERIALS
N O
1 1 81 71 . 61 . 61 8 . 51 8 . 51 6 . 51 2 . 51 9 . 51 9 . 51 9 . 4 19 . 4 6 .
1 1 1 81 51 . 41 . 21 8 . 21 7 . 111.11 . 110.fj9 . 10.61 . 10.44 Io.z2
1 1 61 61 . 51 . 41 7 . 41 5 . 41 3 . 31 7 . 3] 4 . 3 30 . 7 . . 15 ( 3
2 1 1 61 41 . 21 . 11 3 . 01 3 . 01 8 . 0 9 7 . 0 9 9 . 3. . 1 . 0 8
18.8 18.8 18.4 18.1 18.0 17.0 16.7 16.3 16.1 15.9 15.7 15,6 1
3 1 1 81 71 . 51 . 41 8 . 31 7 . 2] 6 . 21 3 .2 1 3 . 11 6 . 11 3 . 1 1 . 1 9.
1 1 61 6‘ . 61 1 . 1 7 5. 41 7 41. 0 . 31 6 . 31 8 . 31 0 . 3 8 . 2 15 . 2.
4 1 1 61 41 . 21 . 11 7 . 01 1 . 01 7 . 0 9 7 . 0 9 9 . 9 4. . 2 . 0 . 8
M A T E RF I MA L TESEO M TP E R AA RT UL R E S
TAyLE
1
1 1 1 . .
1 1 51 5] . 49 . 2 7 4 . 5 3 . . 4 5 . 3 I4 . 2 8 . 1 4 1 5 . 11 . . .
3 1 1 11 11 . 19 . 17 4 . 5 3 . . 4 2 . 3 0 , 2 8 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 . 1 .
N
T h s v e e y s t t s v r
d c p s T s v r f g o a
w s a d c l m
t a I t s v a c 0 h
F a 1 t s v b m t h am t o
1 q w r c o m
S [ 6
e p c m b p s r o
191
-
THERMAL EXPANS1ON
LinearThermalExpansionbetween70F andXndicatedTemperature,Inches/100Feet
THE DATAOF THISTABLEARE TAKENFROMTH~:AM~KIcANsTANllAItll ~Ol)E:
FOR PRESSUREH~lNC. I 1 N O T S T
MATERIAL
~mp. g::;.;toy; 5 Cr Mo ;“:::;:C 120 25 Cr
)gF Low-Chrome thru 17 Cr
20
&l ~:n~’cu 3%Nickel Aluminum &q:on
9~ 18s!W8’\i 27 Cr
-2.04 –2.62 -2.25 -4.68 -3.98
300 -2.24 -2.10 –3.63 -1.92 -2.50 -2.17 -4.46 -3.74
275 –2.11 –1.98 -3.41 -1.80 -2.38 -2.07 -4.2I -3..50
2s0 -1.98 -1.86 -3.19 -1.68 -2.26 -1.96 -3.97 -3.26
22s -1;85 -1.74 -2.96 -1.s7 –2.14 –1.86 -3.71 “ -3.o2
200 -1.71 -1.62 -2.73 -1.46 -2.02 –1.76 -3.44 -2.78
17s -1.S8 - I.50 -2.s0 –1.3s -1.90 -1.62 -3.16 -2.S4
1so -1.45 -1.37 -2.27 -1.24 -1.79 -1.48 -2.88 –2.31
12s -1.30 -1.23 –2.01 –1.11 -1.s9 -1.33 –2.s7 –2.06
100 -1;15 -1.08 -1 .7s -0.98 –1.38 -1.17 –2.27 –1.81
7s –f,oo -0.94 -1.s0 -0.8S -1.18 -1.01 -1.97 -1.56
so -0.84 -0.79 -1.24 -0.72 -0.98 -0.84 –1.67 -1.32
25 –0.68 –0.63 –0.98 –O.s7 -0.77 -0.67 –1.32 -1.25
-0.49 -0.46 –0.72 –0.42 –0.s7 -0.50 –0.97 -0.77
2: -0.32 -0.30 -0.46 –0.27 –0.37 -0.32 –0.63 -0.49
so -0.14 -0.13 –0.21 -0.12 -0.20 -0,1s -0.28 -0.22
o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0
1:: 0.23 0.22 0.34 0.20 0.32 0.28 0.23 0.46 0.21 0.36
125 0.42 0.40 0.62 0.36 0.S8 0.s2 0.42 0.8S 0.38 0.66
150 0.61 0.S8 0.90 0.53 0.84 0.7s 0.61 1.23 0.52 0.96
17s 0.80 0.76 1.18 0.69 1.10 0.99 0.81 1.62 0.73 1.26
200 0.99 0.94 1.46 0.86 1.37 1.22 1.01 2.00 0.90 1.S6
22s 1.21 1.13 1.7s 1.03 1.64 1.46 1.21 2.41 1.08 1.86
2s0 1.40 1.33 2.03 1,21 1.91 1.71 1.42 2.83 1.27 2.17
275 1.61 1.s2 2.32 1.38 2.18 1.96 1.63 3.24 1.4s 2.48
300 1.82 1.71 2.61 1,S6 2.4S 2.21 1.84 3.67 1.64 2.79
32S 2.04 1.90 2.90 1.74 2.72 2.44 2.0s 4.09 1.83 3.11
350 2.26 2.10 3.20 1.93 2.99 2.68 2.26 4.S2 2.03 3.42
37s 2.48 2.30 3.s0 2.11 3.26 2.91 2.47 4.95 2.22 3.74
400 2.70 2.s0 3.80 2.30 3.s3 3.25 2,69 S.39 2.42 4.05
42S 2.93 2.72 4.10 2.50 3.80 3.52 2.91 S.83 2.62 4.37
4s0 3.16 2.93 4.41 2.69 4.07 3.79 3.13 6.28 2.83 ;.:;
47s 3.39 3.14 4.71 2.89 4.34 4.06 3.3s 6.72 3.03
Soo 3.62 3.3s Sol 3.08 4.61 4.33 3.S8 7.17 3.24 S:33
S25 3.86 3.58 5.31 3.28 4.88 4.61 3.81 7.63 3.46 S.65
S50 4.11 3.80 5.62 3.49 5.1s 4.90 4.04 8.10 3.67 5.98
S7S 4.3s 4.02 5.93 3.69 5.42 5.18 4.27 8.s6 3.89 6.31
::; 4.60 4.24 :.;; 3.90 S.69 5,46 4.50 9.03 4.1I 6.64
4.86 4.47 4.10 5.96 S.7S 4.74 4.34 6.96
650 5.11 4.69 6:87 4.31 6.23 6.05 4.98 4.57 7.29
675 5.37 4.92 7.18 4.S2 6.S0 6.34 S.22 4.80 7.62
700 5.63 5.14 7.s0 4.73 6.77 6.64 5.46 5.03 7.95
72S 5.90 S.38 7.82 4.94 7.04 6.94 S.70 S.26 8.28
7s0 6.16 5.62 8.15 S.16 7.31 7.25 S.94 5.s0 8.62
775 6.43 5.86 8.47 5.38 7.s0 7.ss 6.18 S.74 8.96
8 6.70 0 6.10 8.80 0S.60 7.8S 7.8s 6.43 5.98 9.30
9.64
82S 6.97 6.34 9.13 S.82 8.1S 8.16 6.68 6.22
8S0 7.2S 6.S9 9.46 6.0S 8.4S 8.48 6.93 6.47 9.99
87s 7.53 6.83 9.79 6.27 8.7s 8.80 7.18 6.72 10.33
900 7.81 7.07 10.12 6.49 9.0s 9.12 7.43 6.97 10.6S
92S 8.08 7.31 10.46 6.71 9,3s 9.44 7.68 7.23 11.02
9s0 8.3S 7.S6 10.80 6.94 9.6S 9.77 7.93 7.s0 11.37
97s 8.62 7.81 11.14 7.17 9.9s 10.09 8.17 7.76 11.71
1000 8.89 8.06 11.48 7.40 10.2s 10.42 8.41 8.02 12.0s
102s 9.17 8.30 11.82 7.62 10.5s 10.7s 12.40
10s0 9.46 8.ss 12.16 7.9s 10.8S 11.09 12.76
107s 9.7s 8.80 12.50 8.18 11.1S 11.43 13.11
1100 10.04 9.0s 12.84 8.31 11.4s 11.77 13.47
112s 10.31 9.28 13.18 8.S3 11.78 12.11
1150 10.s7 9.S2 13.S2 8.76 12.11 12.47
117s 10.83 9.76 13.86 8.98 12.44 12.81
1200 11.10 10.00 14.20 9.20 12.77 13,15
122s 11.38 10.26 14.s4 9.42 13.10 13.s0
1250 11.66 10.s3 14.88 9.65 13.43 13.86
1275 11.94 10.79 1s.22 9.8& 13.76 14.22
1300 12.22 11.06 1S.S6 10.11 14.09 14.S8
132S 12.s0 11.30 15.90 10.33 14.39 14.94
13so 12.78 11.ss 16.24 10.s6 14.69 1s.30
137s 13.06 11.80 16.s8 10.78 14.99 1s.66
1400 13.34 12.0s 16.92 11.01 I S.29 16.02
142s 17.30
14so 17.69
147s 18.08
1s00 18.47
192
DESCRIPTIONOF MATERIALS
MATERIAL
PART DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
DESCRIPTIONOF MATERIALS(cont.)
I
L o n g
W eN l
1 -
d e i
RF.3 8LWN
n c g k
0 ” 0 SA-1811
— —
EQUIVALENT AND COMPARABLE MATERIALS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
G e r m a n y F o r m e r
U . S F. rA a. Wn ( c eR Fe e se p d t E . .( R)a eS Ds oUp v t n. i. J i) e a o t pn a n
SA -204 B 15 D 3 1.6415/15MO3 15Mo 3 — —
SA - 283A = A 33 =1.0035 I = St 33 = St 33 CT O-2 —
SA -283 C TSE 24 a =1.0036 I Ust 37-2 St 381[-2 CT 3 kn 2 —
SA -284 B = E24–2 = 1,0038/= Rst 37-2 St 38 b -2 BCt 3 cn 2 —
SA -284 B E -24-3 1.0116/St 37-3 St 38-3 =181 cn —
SA -285 C A 37 1.0345111 Mb 13 = 12 K —
SA -299
SA -455 A 52 1.0844/ 17 Mn 4 17 Mn 4 K47
SA -440 15 CD 2.05 1.7335/13 CrMor 13 CrMor 4.4 12X M —
A
& -
S
FOR THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS
N O T E S
P r ve sue sa s smu a sr n e ue efnha r c ld t ue sar vecdre s e[sv ort ppat eer n adawd ic ha tnh ri dc ia
p ra d ov a nvi t ade g e aeno cu hoss n si otn pr g nu re c vn et i e sdoT sns s spu e herc filei f isni c .ac t li
t p h r awo c h t h s bi c iaeete mscc w v o h oaih mce dc e ase e fp eot l tal byln l o e w e d .
T s h t a a e np d rsa a e rfr e tde t trss e el n aelcly hte es cpr net a roebt e tm
idA
viM
e t sC t he o d
a p da e nrs d c t aer cli sdo b ny esi mtnd rg ue nc n ttc i hdo bn otv oC de Ts ro r he tgd d uo hl e ay et
t C a n o hq ui dtr ooS pe eteh c i eef it ci d a t i n o s n .
A G E N E R A . L
1 T S p eh c i t f ioi c wag .t t ei s po t ni u h or eh tca rr dh rahd acs e n weeot ir evnr q gude i hs r re
f t d ae o f hsa b i ro nip grc rea vnet i es do ssn su er f le s .
2 I c o c oa n t fp ls u i . orc n htcea rsdfh , r a d ta s enpwee r iae ncro egtd kd Ss evp enh ceci fee i ci
3 P r ve es s ssb duh s e r. esfae ial bg ls rin i necl s da e pts, ee t dci ,a t n c em c d ow
p r t edd adi n
l ea d ot t i Ae t Bsi S haot P niMr Velf en sE Cee s Ssruo e rsdV dce De It i el 1iv aI oi, s nI
i s u b as t e d q d u ee nns t d a .
4 V e a sv s ae pe pn s ul . r sts e nce adh n olw
c eatm
s r ielp g ul olhltt ya O t c i ch o u enhp sa t
S aa H f Ae e ( na O t l Sy c t Hd hA )t .
5 V M
e a ns u f s aa ci et .un trl eqv rr s pi u tor a oe iel dt mtc e ao reeta n ec saor nt ni se ant rl u
m e i et c h o oono od a mts s i m chp fi sr e eae ac rts rtd ok s sn a eb l t oe o o
6 A d e v f i l at t Sr ip oe. h c nl i o fst i pci a um
t i oros hnc or, t h dd a r see as e h w
rh h it , n aar g e
w ra ip otp t rt~ oue r v nc ha h la s ef er .
7 V fe a bs ra si r c i eae .ot p lcol ur e , ore i csr prh f dtha u t sepfrae u rn r cl i,c h hssl ea h s c eh
d r af a w p i p n ro g o sv a lr .
D E S I G N
1 PressureVesselsshallbe designedto
. withstandthe loadingsexertedby internalor external
pressure,weightof the vessel,wind,earthquake,reactionof supports,impact,and tempera-
ture.
2 The maximumallowableworking
. pressure shall be limited by the shell or head, not by
minor parts.
3 Wind load and earthquake. All . vesselsshallbedesignedto be free-standing.To determine
the magnitudeof wind pressure,the probabilityof earthquakesand seismiccoefficientsin
variousareas of the United States StandardANSI/ASCE7-93 (MinimumDesign Loads in
Buildingsand Other Structures)shall be applied.
It is assumedthat wind and earthquakeloads d n o s ic m ou l c t a t n eutoo vut hs r l ey ,
s hb d oe fsu e i l w
gi dno ot e e iae hdr tl e hn or q w
r a u h da i kiircge nhr ge e v, a e t r e
4 H o r vi z e so nus tp s b.a p s le o a lrs dt sb edhd d e l aas ec iy csl gt to n mrl e de eodi L nht g
P Z ( i S ti cLr e H kas o s.r ,rPei zsr goVe n nseteo asTs l uS s r eaS e uwl d p s p d o n rl o t
5 T d e f ol hv e ce vt r .i et euo isn n cns oaoef dlp r l e c esm
ro an arstd ii nl tnhe i g o x6a n osc
i np 1 cf oh l e ee0 ns e g r 0t th f .
1 9 6
C F A B R I C A T l u. N
1 M a t s e b r hs i p a ae lb. csp li u f r lia c e et h d ad hse nsey i er ig n i ad dot i itr co na
s d r h a Mw oai tns eg np r sh b i . s a ua l b oss fl t t i t l suh ptt oeee wod c i i ps ft r i her e
w r a i p top p tr u oer cv n h a a l s e rf .
2 T t h i o chp k u nl f e. s esas as h ht oe fseee bn dh1/l a r 4 almd - di li sn ni l mc e u h
3 M a n u f a wc t u e r pe l rr .’ dos a c i qe nu da glu in rrf i e ce as tc ibdoohs n u r ba df m sli
a p pu r r o pe vo cpa ouel roi cnpr W h t da e ss fel en dhrb ip . aen ro g plf o lrr
t p u r c a h pa s op ew rr ’oeo ps vl r aod a cl i qe un daf l gui nfr i ec a t i od n .
A w e s l l b dh d i ba n lt o gml e n ls t h hea eial oely t lei s dc ur e b dhm
a e cr
w e p l r d o i c ne sg s .
P e r m ia nn e s bn t t a la sy lc lst k e n ri dh b nui agwp o sil sw t lr hea it po e topdu tr t
p u r c W h au s hbe s ra .s eec st k d nbri ht n,si agcp o a hlms p sol ms aei t et i e oe
w t h a a ih t tct era hc hy o e e d .
4 L o n g i s t u ide ci yn al. li o n m c d ro sis nc h an i sl e c il e sa rl pl l a hs s e , m ahr il esc
b u hi l s e t b -hl a u o tapd c aol s l p t le te ne rdi hea n i ogn epr fs o a, ira sc i ardn gdn
w p el C ai r cat u me f sers r e n.oe t si a las h b m hl e o ast lcc f la ol l pt l eee en d
t r he i n e pf o t ir a ca i r idnr ng s s usna l u, a r tpy i ai pdo s nno awrg npdt s le d , a
W t ch o ov ehc ei r cr unim fnsee r g eb n r te ie fa i l n paf oi ur ncm ai vany o tg i d a
s s e b hg ara f o alm
l ue lxu n ae pn dsm t irwh n e idet l dr oed i inr hpf n oo gr
i p l a c e n .
N l o n g ij t u os d i bi nhaoa nll aw lt oitl s dwt ol ewh e hand i co aon ar m o e r e t
p w l p h a rv e coii n r pess po eeut e w
cr a t i i l moeh pn o sl s f i e b d l e s .
T m i nsh oi f mi wi ue smlz e la rs e e tvl f rwti e fdn ni eg ng t t s s eol h br h n d
1 i n / c h 4 .
5 S kV ei vr r te s it s b. c hp.s a re la owl vasl s i i wdl k e se htd i h h i a rho aac ut lth v
d i ae m t qet to u e u dr ath i s aol tim os deeu tep vehp ro.e Tr st mf ee si d nhe i
t h i f c a sk ns ke ob sh1 is i a r nr l/ t c l he 4 .
S sk b i hp r aowt va lm s i i di l oen e t tdi 2 m -hv u whim el n o o fca olcnh ha e
a p o 1s d s ei a bg8 pl rs e ae er0 s t .
S 4k f ii d er i aat m le s se thetnh e on r aaas co d l pvn sc el l ne aet ’ s i4er n sh -g ;
d i as m sk e h ith t e r 1aar t 8 Ol sw
-v a i l .co ne p cco reD he n i i snw. nf ss og lr is c e e
D I N S P E C T I O. N
1 P u r r c e h ts a r es etr . ii rv h n egt ssv hp ae e ae ht st c o ds t i nufe ea rbl mr t iit yc na e
a st t s v h u em r ahas tea es t tr we ieo arnl kl hmsa a i na sdc h cei r opw r td a i ne h
s p e c i f i c a t i o n .
2 T a p po h a r wo vb . teaon pl u r r cf hr hye ap k rs ee ys rae e ’n hst ar t i e von e al i e
v se n s h r s e at el m
o ali l n eu lhf ova ta c etr ue sr epe orn n f s ic b ai lf oiry t ot yr y i
p r o ov t i ss p i e hoc in f si ci a t if os n .
E .
1, Radiographicexamination shall be performedwhen required by the ASMECode
or whendeterminedby the economicsof design.
2. The completedvesselshall be providedwith a nameplate securelyattachedto the
vesselby welding.
3. If the vesselis post-weldheat-treated,no weldingis permittedafter stressrelieving,
4. Removableinternalsshallbe installedafter stressrelieving.
5. The location of all vesselcomponentsopenings,seams,internals,etc., of the vessel
shall be indicated on the shop drawingsby the distance to a commonreference
line. The referencel s b i hp e r anm m
a nl eao n tl tr sle yk h e h e d l nl e
6 T hydrostatichtest pressure. s e b hm a ia nf t al aa i dln oete dq t pu i a er t n mr
a t h oi nr s o p i ue a cg ct hi n o l nan t, 3e osmhn iy s ne a ut ts ne s0 .
7 V es s n hsb p e a a luo. i sl sn n p lelt c t seie ef dito s co aa sl r l t y d e e d r n .
, .
199
Specification for the Design and Fabrication Pressure V e( cs o sn tei nl u s e
F P R E P A R F A TS I HO . NI O P M E RN T
1 A f f h i y t d rn t eo sv .a ter ase t l sbi s hdc sta ra c e , l il lt ehn eloa rei nod unae d g dsh l
o u t rt se g i mr l d eo se o a vrc os oae aed u s ,l i een s r , tt d .
2 A f i sn lui w
sr fh a .haenl cdp i er orsc b ot b e h fc l etl set ai db hcn n gow
ya de a ls i t
r p r eu v e n ts a t i v t e .
3 A f l o a lp n ew g n a. eih l n nd pi g r s r cow o v c h i iosde ebtv hptd er ao rhb te les c
s u si pt t al bae l t ee e sl .
4 T h ro ep ase dnb hpei . dln aug gs l g el de .
5 F i n pt o e sa r u rn s.i ar tut l apss bp b , holp err a tot asv l i d v dl a edeo m
d u i a ro
s h i p m e n t .
6 B a on s l bun hc t o.wats wa d al i stt ell e ru tepbd r r o i h oc f a n t .
7 V e s s b hsc e l ai l ed. sel a nb r tpl i la ef tyii oen d t a r i ih n y dn g t nu e i eam er b
c o n s lp i o c ocu t o a vu t s e i soh ns e n le .
8 S p m w a a a h rt l b i.st l hr c ls i hspo bpe hb ooe ea oads b g l eaog m l ex ea d ner
w t o i a r i ht nd t un hoe t m e ve r be d semh sr e f le .
9 V ef a sb sr s i t c eh a. ntl aa oe r c lp ekl r se l cs iaea l u r l t oyi b oa b n dls oai c n nk g
b r t av c ae i f hsun r sgnan ni e se hcl mi e ldnas gt ts p ae r r rld ye i a vam le a ng o et
G F R
I EN P O
A R. L T S
1 B et vf ieo r h s r f e . se ha e ei t oldpm m a s ny eu hfnrs a tc f t h uu rpe eraur nr lc i h
c oo r ep p r i o t dre ua cn s i s bep lra oe r t e a fn oc y l cr lh eo pwh oi f ner g t s :
a M a n u f a dc t ru r eea r .’ ps ot r at .
b S d rh as wh o ti o vn. wpgae i sd hsni m gs en“ neb es uil o i dan sl t ”s .
c P h o tco s oo t r a pe t ci. ci c o resh d hsai p on frr gw de t i s uh snsy rdug r rti o es n te a g
d P h o t co s oot ar pte i. c ic c o er hs d s hai t no fer gmw tp i de sr n aup tg our rs eit -
h t r ee a t am e n t t .
e R u o bn bp ia l n . a gm t f e .
H G U A R A N T E. E
M a n u f ga cu t a u rrt ea rtn tvh e eef s hau s a l c s f ot ine e dlal l i sl t si t i o t nal s t h
S p e c i fa i ct a ti ii ohfn n f raf r di adet oe tuws soe r lmi k mga t a nm
n n s a, h t i n pe r
S ha do edu nefl d v ed ute cf ylr y t oi o hop nerp eg trs aame ta t ni uro hf nafa ,c gt u rr
t m a n a e c a ekll ts e so r eaa etral i ypro en aps l , i an fc r e o msc er hn d t as e r g e e
200
V F T
T d i m e h tn os il oei ntre a a t l n h-c ua e sno bi t l h nl n ees r e- osaw b i s t s o ae er
p r wa c if t o di lb c eul e ola s wmy ae en du nf ar o c pyt usr r eved r se ss us re f e
A t o l ea l ri a n n u cc r elno h s t l eh i ees ne r d, swi ics sa et e d .
T o l en r l a ni tc oset s tsh a be hht bi dw a lne ia sp l etr l a llh c ei ti d i mn c ai l
Q b & a : R : : : : ; e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ : ’ : :
c D i ts t t r a e nf l ceh . . re. ei. n o ce ne
d D e v c ii r ca u m t f i e r om
e. nnte i a al l ys u r
at the joint of structure . . . . . . . t 1
D i bs te at t an w dc ecje w ea l~ cn1 i e nop
@ ~ ~~ a n ~ w a y
e D i fs t t af r no f c a.oh elo a cm n e e
c e n ot me r a lt ri n ne ew f l e a r if ey n n
v se u s l p bs p uoe oo s tl r ag t t d o d, m
c e n ot v e re wl shi ni si ec e h el f v , e
applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1
d f D e v c ii r ca u mt f i e rome. nn te i a al l ys u r
. . . . o t o s u uh o vtr f e. en. a. e .s trc 1s e e
*
,
7
.
o
.
f
g P r o j s e hc tdo i ior fns. t ; t e a rs
u s t u os vr i fte dt a fse c s e
nt
a he
c o
f l
of manway . . . . . . . . . . . . . t 1/2
h D e v f i ha o tr r i i voz. onoe n r t tm a li , c
o t i n tp he o ni s a d i r ete di on n
direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 1°
i D e v o ib a h t ioi oa o . n l l enf t s
e direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t 1
e N o C z o zw u lp a hlen i t, ibn gr c o h e
c o n t n p e i c pt e i d n g o .
Q ! ! ! l
- - - T t - o l ef h rm a an scn oeeb wsh a ay r s
a p p l i e d .
N o C z o zw u lp a hlet bi , i n gr c h e
c o n t n p e i c pt e i d n g o .
D i fs t t af r no f c aoh elo a cm n e eg
c e n ot o e rp lt eri nen ef li e nr i f eg n n
v se u s l p bs p uoe oo s tl r ag t t d o d, ml
c e n ot v e re wl shi ni s i ec e h el f v , e
applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f 1
f D e v c ii r ca u m t f i e r ome. nnte i a al l ys u r
o t o s u uh o tvr f e.en. a. e .s ?rc 1s e e
g P r o j s e hc tdo i ior fns. t ; t e a rs n t c o
o u s t u os vr i fte dt a fse c s e a he f l
of opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 1/4
201
N o (z c zo nl tei ns u, e d )
h D e v f i ha o tr r i i voz. onoe on r t tm a li , c a
t i n tp he o ni s a d i ete di on n n
direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t 1/
i D e v o ib a h t iio oa o . n l l enf t s n
direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1
N o Cz o z u lu p e f l sl i s ,n8 eg oesa v g de re i
l c e o en v t ret o l l c , .
D i bs t e ac t en wn c ot e ee er l n i n e
openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1 /
S a d d l e
k D i cs et n a ot bne ocr . l et it nh e o l ef s
reference line . . ., . . . . . . . . . ~ 1
k D i cs et n a ot bne ocr . l et it nh e o l ef s
centerline of shell . . . . . . . . . . I 1
1 D i bs te ab t on w l ci . tbe e h e o na l e s s
p o lb e ab t o w t l o tes e h oe olr n l eo s t
two saddles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . k 1
m T r a nt so bv eip r sa. . .l e.l . . aks 1 t tf e / e
p F e
n L o n g i t t ou bd iip n a. .a l.l . l . ~ as1 t tf e
&hell
o. Deviation from verticality for vessels
of up to 30 ft overall length . . . . . ~ 1/2
for vessels of over 30 ft overall length ~ 1/8
per 10 ft.
max. 1-1/2
P Vessels for internal pressure. The
. difference
between the maximum and minimum inside
diameters at any cross section shall not exceed
one percent of the nominal diameter at the
cross section . . . . . . . . . . . . . t 170
Deviation from nominal inside diameter
as determined by strapping . . . . . ~ 1/32
@ @ p F e
O o r o u u Cn dU n o eG
t s f sd- 8 e 0
E x pt re e rS s nC s a U
u l ro e G
e . d- e8 e
F o H r eC m U
a e o d G d s d- , 8 e 1
T installation
r a y
r O o l i ae u d vi r . . .nee.t . c .f ttl 1i n yo n/
‘ + - - I - T p F e
t Tray Support
r. Out of level in any direction . . . . . ~ 1/32
p F e
202
V E F A
S B SR I C
ET AO T
L L I EO RN A N C E S
( c o n t i n u e d )
T S ru ( p c aop n ot i yr n ut e d )
B s D i bs te a t nd w tcj . e ae ec r en n a t
v
supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t 1
s
E } + t. * Distance to reference line . . . . . . ? 1
s. Distance to seal pan . . . . . . . . . f 1
v D i ts d t o a w n ns cc u. oe. . pm
. ~ epo1 r o
w
w w T f a iw o oisl n u d .r pt . .tr p ~yi 1oh r nf
x W P e l ai t r e
/ x. Out of level . . , . . . . . . , . . . ~ 1
Y. Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1/8
I *
z D i ts i t nao v n s w
ce . i e. s. . d at so1 e e l f
*
203
A S p e c iP ff i c a t i I oo n r
SHOP WELDED TANKS
S u om M m R aae q r uj iyor Aeo mS fe rtnP t aI s nT I d Z
E ea f d .r1 nFid t t9 i, ho
S C O P E
specification covers material, design, and construction requirements for
vertical,cylindrical,aboveground, shopwelded, steel productiontanks in nominal
capacitiesof 90 to 500 bbl. (in standard sizesup to maximumdiameterof 15 ft.,
6 in.) for oil field service.
A M A T E R I A L
Plates shall conform to the following ASTM Standards
A36, A283 C or D, and A285 C.
MINIMUMPLATETHICKNESS
Shell and deck: 3/16 in., Bottom: 1/4 in. Sump: 3/8 in,
CONSTRUCTION
The bottom of the tank shall be flat or conical; the latter
may be skirted or unskirted. Fig. A, B, C. The deckshall
be conical. The slope of the bottom and deck cone= 1:12
B WELDING
Bottom, shell and deck plate joints shallbe double-welded
butt joints with complete penetration. Fig. D. The
bottom and the deck shall be attached to the shell by
double-weldedbutt joint or 3/16 in. fillet welds, both
insideand outside.Fig. E through K.
OPENINGS
Tanks shall be furnished with 24 in. x 36 in. extended
R
neck cleanout. APIStd. 12F Fig.3.4
TESTING
Tanks in diameters up to and including 10 ft. shall be
tested to 3 psi. air pressure; tanks in diameterslargerthan
D 10 ft. shallbe tested to 1-1/2psi.air pressure.
PAINTING
Onecoat primer.
E H N o m W i o n r aO k l u i tn s g i d e
C a p aC ca i p t aD y c i , i a t mHy e , et e i r ,g
b b b l bf i . l f t n. t .
JQ9
9 7 7 0 - 1 21 1
1 7 0 9- 6 0 8 9
1 1 5 9- 26 0 1 9
2 1 0 1 60 0 102 6 -
2 2 1 1 00 0 10 0 -
2 2 5 1 20 0 11 4 -
3 2 0 1 60 0 12 6 -
4 3 0 1 60 0 22 6 -
5 4 0 1 6 0 2 2 6 - 0
5 4 0 1 7 0 5 1 9 - 6
7 7 5 1 4 0 5 2 6 - 6
T o l e r— a n c* ie 2 1i n 3 An /
204
SCOPE
This appendix provides rules for relatively small capacity field-erectedtanks in
which the stressedcomponents are limited to a maximum of 1Ainch nominal
thickness, including any corrosion allowance stated by the purchaser.
MATERIALS
The most commonly used plate materials o t p b t s
A 2 C A 2 C A 3 A 516-55, A 516-60
The plate materials shall be limited to !4 inch thickness
WELDED JOINTS
The type of joints at various locations shall be:
The bottom plates shall project at least 1inch width beyond the outside edge of
the weld attaching the bottom to shell plate.
INSPECTION
Butt Welds
Inspection for quality of welds shall be made by the radiographic method. By
agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the spot radiography may be
deleted.
Fillet Welds
Inspection of fillet welds shall be made by visual inspection.
+
,.. 205
W S T S
API. Standard 650, Eighth Edition, 1988
TESTING
Bottom Welds
1, Air pressure or vacuum shall be appliedusing soapsuds,linseed oil, or other
suitablematerialfor detectionof leaks,or
2. After attachment of at least the lowest shell course water shall be pumped.
underneaththe bottomanda headof6 inchesof liquidshall be maintainedinsidea
temporarydam.
Tank Shell
1. The tank shall be filled with water, or
2. Painting all joints on the inside with highly penetrating oil, and examining
outside for leakage
3, Applying vacuum
NOTATION G = specific
=
H =
D = t minimum required plate
=
ft. thickness, in.
E = joint efficiency, 0.85 R = radius of curvature of
when spot radiographed roof, ft.
0.70 when not radio- 6 = angle of cone elements
graphed with the horizontal, deg.
(2.6) (D) (H– 1) (G
t = ) + C.A.
(E) (21,000)
but in no case less than the following:
Mean diameter of Plate
tank, ft thickness,in.
@
Smallerthan 50. .., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . %
~.-l 50 to 120, excl.. . . . . . . ... ., ... , ., ~
120 to 200, incl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ., ;
S H E Over
L 200L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
= 4 *0 but0not less
~ than
i 3~6in,
n
* ~m:umt . ,,*in
SELF-SUPPORTING Maximum@ = 37 deg. 9:12 slope
CONEROOF Minimum6 = 9 deg. 28 min. 2:12 slope
r= R/200 but not less than ~lG in.
~, Maximum t= 1Ain,
D R= radius of curvature of roof, in feet.
SELF-SUPPORTING Minimum R = 0.8D (unless otherwise specifiedby the
D A O MN E D
M R 1
T c a o t t a hni sro g q fl eu e
i n p c t h cl r eo s s hu- s , ae c t osi r ot ne sa el a h ah e s
r p ow
l aia do tti os eh 1f t t si a t inn t chhm ei ce ek f 6n i
e m e af s s t u r mr h er , odeoe p m i mo so a or t i tt t ena
m t t et a n nsh ob g htm lio aen e pi l ,m u l me :
F S e l f - So u p p o r t i rFn gS e l f - So u p p o r t i r n
C R oo o n fD sea oU: m Rm b n r o e e ol
T ~2 DR
T R IO N3,000 P d
G 1,500
All b op t sl t ha h oa m
t aam ie n l s v io t lmm ehui m
in
BOTTOM
n o 1 ei s / n s f 4 .
207
SCOPE
This appendix provides design and fabrication specifications for vertical
storage tanks of such size as to permit complete shop assembly and delivery to
the installation site in one piece. Storage tanks designed on this basis are not to
exceed 20 feet in diameter within the scope of API Standard 650.
MATERIALS
The most commonly used plate materials of those permitted by this standard:
A 36, A 283 C, A 285 C, A 516-55, A 516-60
WELDED JOINTS
As described in Appendix A (see preceding page) with the following modifica-
tions:
Lap-welded joints in bottoms are not permissible
All shell joints shall be full penetration butt-welded without the use of backup
bars.
Top angles shall not be required for flanged roof tanks.
Joints in bottom plates shall be full penetration butt welded.
Flat bottoms shall be attached to the shell by continuous fillet weld laid on
each side of the shell plate.
BOTTOM DESIGN
All bottom plate shall have a minimum thickness of ?4 inch.
Bottoms may be flat or flat-flanged.
Flat bottoms shall project at least 1 inch beyond the outside diameter of the
weld attaching the bottom to shell.
SHELL DESIGN
Shell plate thickness shall be designed with the formula:
(for notations see Appendix A on preceding page)
(2.6) (D) (H– 1) (G) + ~ ~
t =
(E) (21,000) “ “
,but in no case shall the nominal thickness less than:
N o T m D i ia na N am no Ple m tT klieh irn ac a k lt n e e s s
( f e e ( ti n) c h e s )
up to 10.5, incl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/16
Over 10.5.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘/4
ROOF DESIGN
Roofs shall be self supporting cone or dome and umbrella roofs.
See Appendix A for design formulas.
TESTING
Apply 2 to 3 pounds per square inch internal air pressure.
I
208
S u om M m R ae q r u j iy or eo m fe rn t s f
P I PC O I ND G E S
p e r tt a i n i n g o
P W I T A
H IP C ALK EA
N LEL LS NOS PW RA BE D LS ES U R E
C a SO C D O EP E F O R M U L A S
I n P t r e e r s n s a u l r e
PD. ● ~
= +
/ . W+2 + S E
A B 3N 1 . 1S- 1 9I 9 2 .
+@-
-
T C p h r o e ms i ci d rr n i se bi eqe m su u i m r e - -2y(r. – A)
m f te d enm oas httf i ae bgsr r i irn ace la, st i , o n , 2 –SA E ( t
e r te ac iet n i s os pp nn e at, co t ,i wod nn e df – r2y(f” d
- A) +
F M a At oe A 5r Ba Si A a 1 lTrB s n M 0
p la d a i hn s ents t aysr e st,i txicd e tnc Fm M g e s T , pee mo pt tne Er a ax t ucrD r leoFe es de
a l i b h m 1 i 0 Tt 0 a se . hs yd1 s.ey– 3. t t s6. e me 27 s 5 7 00 o 0 8 5 0
m n l i b pm o i l t a e t d n y t 1 41 .13 4
l u i t n a n sl ph eee cl i rseifs i i sm
c a y il el t y e d n
P 1 a 0 r 0 s. 1. . E x R t e e sr na au t r e
1 d e t w e rt mh iaai ns c i t %tn irlgmef nqef uetsl i nsr ei
p r o cu i dRt uUt sr i 2G e arn s3 o-eaS d2 eV s n n8c . I
D i 1o vt A i Bs aiS oPh o r iV n Me Cl nes fs e esE
bs ouh r s
f o l l o w e d .
U B 3S 1 . 2A - 1 I9S 6n P8 t r e e r s n s a u l r e
= P - t
C c oto d v e fd esa h bir e rg s i n ec , a - D
t i ni s t ao l t l ane ot ips on, n ti , i p( n di 1g3S on 5 6f 6g t ,e e 4e s , , ,
s y f fs g t s ue aao n m usages t e rc u al sr h a s s l O S, 0 p F , s0
m a n u fg a l c ti uaqpr eue d et s fr io Fe,l Med ua Am t eoA 5r Ba Si Aa 1 lT
rB s n M 0
g ( - aL m a iP a x tiGt bu us )rop e hFr vspM T eeee meo p r tNe rE a axt urcDr leoeF se de
c o m bl u sli t i i mqpb ule i e et frt – oi t, el 1 ed u 2 m 03 4 0 o 400 00
g ( i Lt ga P a p s G hoh mes a) o nsiu2e se 0 x ,1 . r 19- S0 . 8 0 16.80 1 . 0
tures of these gases.
A B 3N 1 . 3 S - 1 9 I 9 3
C H E P M A
IL C A L NN T D
r= - P(l - r)]
1, 7, S) t = +
A A
F
– to 100 2 2 3 4 0 0 50 00
a l l 2 02 . 20 020. 010.0 8.00
300.1.2 or 300.1.3. Only Category For determining thickness and stiffening requirements the
p r o c e d UG-28,
u r 29eands V I
D and M fluid D i1 v i s i o n
Summary of hiajor Requirements of
PIPING COD ES
(continuation from facing page)
NOTATION NOTES
1. The minimum thicknessfw the pipe
A= an additional thickness,in inchesto compcn
- sclcctcd. cunsidcring manufacturer’s
sate for materialremovedin threading,groov- minus tolerance,shallnot be lessthan
ing etc., and to provide for mechanical t,n, The minus tolerance fur seam-
strength,corrosionand erosion, lesssteel pipe is 12.5% of the nurninal
For cast iron pipe the following valuesof A pipe witl! thickness.
shallapply: 2. Wheresteelpipe is threadedand used
Centrifugallycast . . . . . . . . . . 0.14in. for steam service at pressureabove
Statically cast . . . . . , . . . . . . 0.18 in. 250 psi, or for water serviceabove
100 psi with watel temperatureabove
c= the sum in inches of the mechanicaldlow-
220 F the pipe shall be seamless
llav-
ancesithreador groove depth)plus corrosion ing the minimum ultimate tensile
anderosionallowance, :
strcngth of 4tt,0(XI psi and weight
d = inside diameter of the pipe in corrodedcon- at least equrd to Sch 80 of ANSI
dition, inches B36.JO, (Code ANS1 B31.1, Paris.
)&D. = outsidediametcfof pipe, inches 104.1.2 Cl)
S u om M m R ae q r u j iy or eo m fe rn t s f
P I PC I O N DG E S
pertainingto
PIPEW T A
H I CA
LK A
N LEL LS NOS PW RA B
E D LS E S U R
C & SO C D O EP E F O R M U L A S
A B 3N 1 . 4 S- 1 9 I 9 2
L I P EQ T RU O I L ED U Internal
M Pressure
TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEM t“ =t+A
T C ph r o e msi c id r r nsi bi e e m s eu . m - ~
q u i rf e t m d e en m o t sahs t i e gr r i n ea t,l 2s s , ,w h e r
c o n s t a r us c s it ein osmn pa,b e l c yt i~, on n , d
t eo p s tit r aip n lns i p pgio n r qtf gi e nu g a i pt pd a l li- lc s oa vbw t . l a are b le
r os al c ue o r cu oc um p
ni d edh n l ss ea t , e , i a c s c wo r
C i d P ai o n , ac n dte
402.3.1 a, b, c, or d. For pipe
n ag at ns u oag r ll t iai uln ql e riau , aiq dl u s s ,e -
f p e i t g r a o le la pie eudnq t sm r u o l, i dem dua m At e A 5r SBia aA 1 lT s n
p r bo ed p ut r ocwl dt efu s ecea e ncra s i ’ s f B, S G 25,200
ie - psi. at –20 F to
t t if anae arg s npt mr u,o skcr a e , a st =sl 2p i Fnrs dge sw
5
e st shu ai iri c ekg nl
0
p lr e a f sin nt teta rest i r i ae,mos i ,n n s a ,nl s , d
c ( nh 1s o e t,e s e 2e
o d t e a l rh i e vpce eeno irr i v y in nd t g s .
A B 3N 1 . 5 S - 1 9 I 9 I 2 n P t r e e r s n s a u l r e
R E F R I G E PR A TI I OPN I N tm =t+c
G c
ThisCodeprescribes
materiats, design, fabrication, assembly,erec- ; = z~) ‘r t = 2(s + -
t i o n ,
p= - ,w h e r
S= m a ax l i l s m
o i twum a rm b el
p a r a g r a p h s . t de t ir n i p ut rae a e r l s n e
advised that
p m ai A t e A rp5 SB i a a el T s
p i it r p eh sj i up er eni s c digti ci nt vr i oe n s A. 1 B S s 1 0p5 a 1, F s 0 6 0
T C s hn oa h t i p ad p sl oe l l w y t 4 : F 0 o 0
( a s e l f -oa cun os n tysan i sutn) ye t bd i e jt =merp t src d e t sw o
e st shu ai iri c ekg ln
t h e
o n at t i h o n e a l rl y c ( nh 1S o e t,e se 2e
( w p a b t e ) r E x P t r e e r s n s a u l r e
( p d i e f pces xii gt n noe ) ger nd Ta rp l r d e h ste h s si ut cs irkeb nehg e s
p r n ee xs 1c sp (e ou Ie rr d 1eei sg n at & g 0r d d e5l i t e3 ei s) ar s mc ci onw re C dd ai on cn
o s i z e f . P 5 a0 4r . 1a . .3 .
A B 3N 1 . 8 S - 1 9 I 9 2
G T R A N AS MA I S S I SO N D
D I S T R IP B U I ST I PYO NSI TN E G M S
T C c h oto d i v efd esa hs bir e rg sI i nn ecP t, ar e -e r s n s a u l r e
t i ni s t iao nl l s anpt t ei e oca, nst , i t o i n n, g , d
t s aa s ohf o p pe eea t mrc e a yt ta sin o i f n 2n t xd F x- E x T, where s
t e o gn t ra a n as acmd i ie s ss ifnt os r n i b ud -
t s y i i s n t cgo e pl m iu pdngs e ia, l n i gSn =aes sp , em c i s i y nf s i i t e mr d eeu n
c o m sp rt eag s tm s i eo oar t na e s r , i n pn s g s d i .
r e g s u t l gaa mtt i a a nos gani e s nr ,n vs sF i , p c dm e a i oA t e A pr5 SBi ra el T
l u ti t o n ou t e cht u ssl tp h oe em t e a r fA’e1 s B S = 3n p50 , ds 0 6
m s ae s st M e ei m e n b wcrl s l y t i u. Cd = t neo dho w m - t i h a in ic a k nl ln e c
i t s o tc s h oeah g c sp nt tei ei ro aof rs n (a neg s 1Se2o 3 4 5te e e s
e q u o it pc m pl e t nho f t i s y ef p e apd e e b
n oc f a fo tp r o ref g ai d be o r r idp c ma t e e r d
f p ar f i i oat gnt p si m nt eng o ads r , a d g s e
l i n e s .
211
S u om M m R aae q r u j iy or eo m fe rn t s f
P I PC I O N DG E S
C o n t i fn u f a tr api o nc o a i nm g g e
N O T A T I O N
m e c h ci i ol l r ~i rc ao l s, i n o
A= s o a l l uio w fn a nc m c he f o, ee rst i o rl l s u iw a o n nc e s
t h ra eg a r da o r in o n vg i T en=d T g e m spD- e er Fa r t aua r t ec i nt
q uu Ci n P r o 4d e da e d e 0rr f , S aP t . o ie ep r l e
4 c o . r a r r o2e s q i uo, in r T ee s md p e r a t u r e
u C n P o d 4 a 0d e 2 r e .r 4a , D. .1e F , ag h r r F e nTae h sec i t
a i n i cw ntr h e ai a c sdk l e n e n2 sl F os l 5 e1 . s 0 0 r s
i u a p rs o m t eee c a t f ids v sue 3 r F e 0 0 . 0 9
u C n P o 4d a d0 e r 2 e r a. , 1 3. F. 5 0 . 0 9
c f i n p t r oe te sr s ns= ua r hr l u e ,4 F e m 0 0
o a l l o i w i a n c cfe s h e Fn s 0 . 8
t ha gr red n oae odp v dt Ne h ,
i on t eft ri p e on l a:ot t ee
m a n u f amc t ut ir e or sn ’ l u e m sr e v - d a i l a ut ee s
a p nc o lcra re eo u s r,in os n o d -
s a l li o w oa n c ne .Y= c o e ff fm i ac it eoe n r t i an
f e x pt or e etr s n s aru l rh e d , i c e a t e d :
s i i no uc co r h r moe sn si Fo fd n u n co o n t mf ie r l rr eo a u
a e r a lo nl os p w i a on dl c ne s ut, e f r se s i r aat r a l ie s t eu, ni cl
m a n u f amc t ut ir e or sn ’ l u e t sr es - nyt = 0i e t e i l.c s
a n c e .
d = I D i r { o a4 ) u n / - f g t s 6n
i nd i s ao i pm de i t e e p r e f ,
i n c h e s Y ‘ d +dD
f D o u) d . t i sao pm i& =de i t e e p r f e d f u~, tc o e t r i i al r l e s
i n c h e s
F b r m i ao t u e t r l ir ae s l
h L o n g- ij t u f do i an= ia lc n t y ot= 0.0 r
o b ft aC i r t no e ao dd b em l , e
8 4 F 1 s .e p1a o m2 i l . ep sr se ,
E= 1 . N 0 O T E S
V oa D l Fe u Fas e ci s gt 1 If osn e r ol p e t c m tai ni u o.f nhapnc t u rf e
m t i o l sn e b r thu a i naas c eknl
F
c o n s i d Te rma t ti ioo nh l. n e r u a
f s e s a opm t i l 1i ee os 2pr se .e l
t n o w mth h i ia Tnc tk a enl lhe os ls
e m
r b au an w a s c s l e hpe y s e ee
fication is not available.
2 Pipe b s e m h tn f eal d . a t l hset e l n
P &Pi = i n d t pee r r spe n s i a s slgu rl n i e i m , oi t t gaa tp i p Co l hn i s oc a bdf el
s as describedat the formulas, 3 C l a s s oi L f i oc ac tI ai Cot. n i o on
and i a p p c l ip oc a bds ln Be 1e i P , 8 . a . 4 f 1rc8 .loa a30a , 1.s u
sf
,s
tt=a d e sa t c f r o i r b mhe s ud ld ae t sesa a, cb rf pi a rb e esst dco r i i sb s
i n c h e s t o cy o n sp t r ue c t i s o nf .
t“=n o w mt hi ais n c ak l nl t 4e L ils i s ms oi Pt- a D t i V e o . nas p l i uf g
f r ye q u i if r p e n m er ng o t esC B s . oPr - 8 t 3d4 i8 1 r e. 1a1 , 4.
s a a ul l o b nwrn a n c e eu5dsL o , N e o t W tamT hi sai nCc . tka ln l o e s
l t t e nh o w s mha i sa n n B a e. l T l 8 a l34 8 1 b . 1l 1 4 , e1 .
t h i l c kii C n s e ost s e d d e n ,
T 4 a 0 i 4 b n. 1l c . he1 T , ef o s ar rhme g u l alne t aiexo ns t s - ra d l ae
e f A rm Ne aro Sit tdci maao nnn da
tml = m i r n e i t q mh u i u i c mr k Cen fde Ps o rs P e od swi st p pue i ir r e ne ht
i i ns a ct r i les fqw y nu i smin gri o tes p - s u bi T l hoAi sm n h e hef rer i,
m f de pe n r osu e t is ss g S unr noro Mec e ic d Eh e an ntg i i yc n f e lf el r
213
R T
U NH Y D R OE SP T RR
A TE I SC S U R E
M A XS I MI U MZ E
U n s t ti f m f a e b n n ne l d a kat 3or s c h fgy a eet at uw
r a t snn t ni i0 f .f1ke. cdtn i s n u gh4 s
f c a e p a ce i t ty .
F l at oart u gn o s ek rrh rsis t a o,d vafe i eed s cf ay o rbso nel s oea ms ior cn s .
R O
A S T I I D O E F S
I a s a i e l dqt l r u e efo al o hsn s l e gB ,=i @tn e ;d hw eV
f h=e v : e o c f lr u e um t
P r e rf e aLr a tosb l in1ei Bog Sd :e h .ser o : ( r: i )tB5 e;. d r 6 e6 7
D E S I G N
T f o r oh mt uf ol lea phl s o a aw bni gen oa g m r e sa s xa e li e l m
d do euwnf m
al eb c l t
L =t w t dh # e te nt hro i, ot cseh iek d. ns e e- pse l s a t ef .
V ao ~ a l un e d s / f 3
W E LO PD IL
E N A
D
G T
G F EE S
Somepreferable welded joints of plate edges:
T
w
s t i f
e a l m
m
LL
hf eb na i t n eatgt sta tc hwy eaehe d abi in nt o t leeh rk o mec li ot rnt et yn i t n
d b pi n nli a g ano o cds u y eit e s dd i ed er .
u
B I B L I O G R A P H Y
O d t me h e sa ot ei hf i gt rof fr ndeo lsrp l h eao e dw
p i en ne r g s :
V o j 1t A a Ss z at a Dk. r e, f e oln Re.s e: c c ts t i a do n ng u l af r
3
K
214
RECTANGUI.AR TANKS
UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
WITH TOP-EDGE STIFFENING
NOTATION
= factordependingon ratioof lengthand heightof tank,H/L (SeeTable)
2 = modulusof elasticity,psi.;30,000,000forcarbonsteel
G = spectlcgravityof liquid
H= height of tank, in
I =
1 = maximumdistancebetweensupports,inches
L = length of tank, riches
R = reactionwithsubscriptsindicatingthe location,lb./in.
s = stressvalueof plate,psi.as tabulatedin Code,TablesUCS-23
t = required plate thickness, inches
t. =
t~ =
t* = thicknessof bottom, inches
w = load perunit of length lb./in.
Y = deflection of plate, inches
REQUIRED PLATE THICKNESS
‘=’-
/
B T h i tc m k bn u e as asf s , t l e y os
b op ti i l et aosn um tti r i ef r fa
s u p p o r t e d .
,.Dl_ ‘
T h i cf s k bn hi e n s cas i r, el a sl
c o r s r e o r s vi vi ec e .
M a dx e i f om l pe uc l m t i a o nt
a 0 G. 0H 3 L
=
H
6 ] ~ S T I F FF E NR I N AG M
0.036 Gl% R, = 0.3w
w=
2 Rz = 0.7W
~
Minimumrequiredmomentof inertia
for top-edgestiffening:
w H
I
= W2Eta
~ -
B O P T LT OA M T
W S H
U P P EBO BR TN E E DA
“ = *
M a sx pi o m
sa uuc fp m
i ap n o g r
g t i h i ov cb k oe n t e n st s o m
I B
4 I 1 ~
‘ 1 G. ” 4 ’ .
1
215
R E C T A N G U L TA R A N K S
E X A M P L E S
D E D S IA G TN A
C a op t a t c 6ia gth ny a= 8 0c kl ff e al p: p o r 0uo txn i m a0 t . e l. y
C o nw t G a e= 1 nt t e : r ;
T s o a c i hu b e dt- s f he ta ae pd fe e d nocs h ai pg k~ a n r c=ee4 i d tf y . : 3t
P r e p f r eo rpo sro er i td i d o n e s f :
L = 4.31 x 1.5 = 6.47 ft. = 78 inches
H = 4 x . . = 2 6 f 3 = . 3 6 i 1 8nt 7 c 7 h . e 4 s
W o it t d 4 athf = .h5 n i f e3nt k c 1 h . e 2 s
s = 1 3u 7S s 2 5 C im 0 a n ,8t eg r A i 5 a l
C o r a r l ol so 1 w i 6 ioa n c /e : n 1 .
HIL = 34178 = 0.43; /3 = 0.063
R E Q PU I LT R H E A
I DC K
T N E S S
S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 3/16 (.18 in4)satisfactoryfor stiffeningat the top of the tank
B O P T LW
T OSA HUM PT P EBOE BR TN E E DA M Y S
i n u o bm =eb4 1 =ea2 if r mn f cs h ; e 6 s
lb =
L 2 5 4 k 0 4 i “= 1 n’ 6 ’
O u t sp t i l h h inOa c r ka.g tc n 1ae e le s8ac su 7btl am5o t ae sv dx h ei m,
s p f as uc p i po n o gr t sr :
IB=
1=4x0
.187’m “
216
RECTANGULAR TANKS
WITH VERTICAL STIFFENINGS
N O T A T I O N
P = F ad e c p o et nn o d lr i r aena gheight,lf/1
t n i g on t f h d
(SeeTableon page 213)
E= m o o ed l ua ps l t ui c ss i t y f i, .
If = heightof tank inches
I = momentof inertia,inq
= specificgravityof liquid
?= the maximumdistancebetweens[iffcnings
on the longeror shortersideof [hc t i a n nc h k e ,s .
L = l eo t n i a g n nt c h kh fe, s
s = s vt or ap epl l s a u s s t e e i f , .
t = r e pq ut lhi i r ica ek n dnt e=c sa e sh pc, e t t lh s iu ica aka n nt l e c s e sh
9 .
9 -
“ ; ’ ~ l ” : : l l ! ! ! ! A
1
L
R E Q PU I LT R H E AI DC K
T N E S S
t = ’ r
L O l A b D /S ,i n
~ 0 . 0 3 6 =G0.3W
R, =H 2 Rz = 007W
2
—...
S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E
R e qs ue mi c ro t oe dvi d ue o s rl nt tui if s fc e a nf l i n g
0 . 0 6 4 2GH31
. 0 . 0 3 6
z=
s
M i rn ei m
q m u ou oi mmr ee d n t f
Iti~ = ‘1 ‘4
192 E t.
217
R E C T A N T
G U LA A R N K S
W V IE R S TTT II FC F
H AE NL I N G S
E X A M P L E S
D E D S IA G TN A
E = 30,000,000 psi
L = 78 i Content:Water
n
H= 34 in G=l
B = 52 i n
s = 13570psi HI! = : = 1.31: /3= 0.22
1 = 26 in
R E Q PU I LT R H E A
I DC K
T N E S S
S T I F FF E NR I N AG M E
I = 6.24 X 784
X X =
218
RECTANGULAR TANKS
Under Hydrostatic Pressure
WITH HORIZONTAL STIFFENINGS
NOTATION
E = modulusof elasticity,psi.; 30,000,000tor carbon steel
G= SpeCifiC
gravityof liquid
H= heightof tank,in
I = momentof inertia,in.4
L = l eo t an n kg , it n ch h ef s
P = pressureof liquid,psi.
R = r e wa sc u t i b i s noc td rnt i i kcp hatx tsl it h bn i g . o / ne i , n .
s = stressvalueof plate,psi.
t = requiredplatethickness,inches
t. =
S P A
O C I N G F
S T I F F E N I N G SHI = 0.6H H2 = 0.4H
0.036 GH
T H I C K N E S S 1 = 0.3
s—
w = 0.036 GH2
L } Ob . A / i Dn .2
M r m o i
f t s
11= RI L4
O I N EF R T OI F A 1R E ta
9 2
S T I F F E N I N G
M i nr ei qm
m u u o i om i rm en e de n r t t
f i n t e ro m
s et di i f a frt e n i n g
Rz L’
1 =— 2
192 E to
219
R T E
W I H S N
E
DESIGN DATA
Designed Capacity= 1,000gallon = 134cu. ft. (approx.)
Content: water
s = 13750psi., using SA285 C material
Corrosion allowance = 1/16in.
The side ofacube-shaped tank forthe designed capacity: 3~~= 5.12 ft.
Preferred proportion of sides:
width = 0.667 x 5.12 = 3.41 ft; a p 4 ip rn oc x h . e 2 s
L = 1.500 X 5.12 = 7.68 ft; approx. 92 inches
H= 5.12 ft; approx. 60 inches
For h 6 i i n s. , r
SPACING OF STIFFENINGS:
LOADS:
3 X 9 .: 8 2 9 4
11 = = 0.4690 in4
1 x 30,000,000
9 x 0.25 2
19.44 x 924
12 =
192 X 30,000,000 X 0.25 = 0“967 ‘4
220
T R IS UOP -E P O
D R T
F R E C TO A N T G U LR AA R N K S
U Hn y d d r Po ser t ea r ts i sc u r e
R E Q U I R E D
P L A T when
E a- b t = 0.7~
V
T H I C K N E S S P
L O O A D N
P=ab 0.036 Gh
T R I O E D
R E Q CU I R R E O D S S
S E C T A I O NR A L E A A = %
O T R I O F E D
E X A M P L E
D E D S IA G TN A
L e n f g wt hi t 2=fd 3h t 0 .e th 5i f =g , .hl t t= , l .
a = 6 i n = 60 in 0 .
hl
b = 6 i n 0 .
G= 1 hz = 120 in
S = 20,000 psi.
S = 2 0J , s0 0 i 0 . 15’
Sp= 20,000 psi
t = 0.7 x 60
0 x. 1 x 0120 3 6
20,000
= 0.625 = 5/8 in. plate
P =a b 0 . =0 6 03 x 66 0Gx *0h . 02 3 61 x 1 25l 0 = , 5 b5 2 .
A = 1 5= 0 , s . 5i = 175Z r q2 7 n o 8 .d . $ s
20,000
PI = ab0.036Gh1 = 60x60x0.036x60= 7,776 lb.
C
Vesselsor parts of vesselssubject to thinningby corrosion,erosionor mechanical
abrasion shall have provisionmade for the desired life of the vesselby suitable
increase in the thickness of the material over that determined by the design
formulas,or by using some other suitablemethod for protection(code LJC-25bi).
The tie does not prescribethe magnitudeof corrosionallowanceexceptfor vessels
with a requiredminimumthicknessof less than 0.25in. that are to be used in steam,
water or compressedair seMce, shallbe providedwith corrosionallowanceof not less
than one-sixthof the required minimumthickness.The sum of the requiredminimum
thicknessand corrosionallowanceneed not exceed1/4in. This requirementdoes not
apply to vessel parts designed with no x-ray examinationor seamlessvessel parts
designedwith0.85joint efficienq. (Code UCS-25).
Forothervesselswhenthe rateof corrosionis predictable,thedesiredlifeof thevessel
will determinethe corrosionallowanceand if the effectof the corrosionis indetermi-
nate, thejudgmentof the designer.A corrosionrateof 5 roilsperyear(1/16in. = 12
years) is usually satisfactoryfor vessels and piping.
The desired life time of a vessel is an economicalquestion. Majorvesselsare
usually designedfor longer (15-20 years) operating life time, while minor vessels
for shorter time (8-10 years).
Footnotes have been generously used to explain and further clarify information con-
tained in this table. It is most important that these notes be carefully read when using
the table.
In rating materials, the letter “A” has been used to indicate materials which are
generally recognized as satisfactory for use under the conditions given. The letter “F”
signifies materials which are somewhat less desirable but which may be used where a low
rate of corrosion is permissible or where cost considerations justify the use of a less
resistant material. Materials rated under the letter “C” may be satisfactory under certain
conditions. Caution should be exercised in the use of materials in this classification
unless specific information is available on the corroding medium and previous experience
justifies their use for the service intended. The letter “X” has been used to indicate
materials generally recognized as not acceptable for the service.
Information on metals has been obtained from the International Nickel Company,
the Dow Chemical Company, the Crane Company, the Haynes-Stellite Company,
“Corrosion Resistance of Metals and Alloys” by McKay & Worthington, “Metals and
Alloys Data Book” by Samuel L. White, “Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering” and
“The Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” Third Edition by McGraw-Hill.
-
a
H o sw ge vo ar es uar m
c , cd er s ees f s u l el
a c
per and
—
)
223
by any
i c h e sm i t c to a6a170F
l lbut,
bs y being
l a plastic,
e it is not recommended
unless confined a
* Sources of D A -a A r tm s at C
r -: o n g D-
E - & J - P .
S- U-
”
—
224
C R O M
A n Good; F G F
Resistance Ratings:
C a Du n t u i table
o no s: o t ec = C a - d
u et o pi c oe n n d di
w i r t e fh ao o od a ut ti n t n o e gt n e x s x = N
t d r .e c o mo m e n d et d .
v ~ v
:
o
C h e m i~ c a& l 7 + + * ; ;
z : ~“
w ~ ~ b 3E
5 m E - ; : i : ~ 2 Z
“ $ g ; & g g ;:
c w ~ ~ :
& 2 ‘ s G : z 2 z $ 3~ $ 3 $
4 a c c ec .............................
r t i iu d c c dc , F ec F A c c c c c c A A
P .....................................................
u r e x .c F c F A F A A F A c A A
V ........................
a p ...........
o .......... r x s c F c F c c c - c c x c A A
1 l b @ / 4 s5C )q O.... *......... Fi .x n.0 .- . .x . .x . .F c - c c - A c A A
4 ac n h ey d ..r............ t i d ........
ei . . c.c . F. . F A F A A A A F A A, A A
a c e t o................
n e . ............
. . .............
. . .A. A A A A A A A A A A A A A
a c e t y ..........................................
l e n e . . . . .A. x A A A - A A A A A A
4 1 uc mh ........................
il no ur... xmi c d c e x c c c c c x c x A A2
.... ....................
x F F A c c c c F A A A A A
4 1 u n ..............................................
l s . . . . . . . .x . F F A F F c - c A A c A -
4 ~ gn d ~ ............................
sa r r i y sFa A . A , A . A A - A - A A A A A B
............................ ........... ........... F x x A x c c A c A A A A -
i m mc oh .........................
nl i o u r F m i x d x eA x c A c A c c c A &
immonium hydroxide ................. ...... A x x A x A c A : : ; A A A
........................... F x x x x A - - - A A
.................... c c c A c c : ~ ; : : :
.............................. F c c A c F
.............. ............... A x x - x x - - A A A A A
... ....... ............. – - - - - - - - A A A A A A
.................................... - - - - - - A - - c c - F
h - - - xy x x A - - A A – A d-
..................................... - - - A x - - - A A A A - -
......................................................... c - A - A A A A A A A A - A
.............................. c – - – A c A A A A A A A A
t e 1n 2 ez n ...........................
zc o nl . .c . A. , . A. . A. A A A A A A A A A A A
l e p n e z t e ir nont l ea heA , p uAe m A
h A
r t A h, A A
a A A A A A A A
I s I ul al ........................
i f cq a .... uAtk - eo F Fr x - A A A A A - A -
I a o..............................................
c r i i d xc A . A c c A - - c A A A A A
.......................................... x c c - c x c c c x x x c A
2. 12S0 maximum.
All Perrentj;
70”.
5.
TO 122”. 14. Hasleiloy
h
f 18. Sqo
—
-
C R O G
( C HS E M O EOI CP APPEL O S A S I G
TN E E )
R e s iR s a t taS ni ac nf ea g ap s mc: ai e n gs g e
* text a S f er o e n t t
—
48~0 — U n s a t fi s f a c t o or y r
—
R t e o m p t e1o r aC 5t o m
u rri 8 re o 9
c r e a s e s
200”F.
26. UPto 176”F.
27. 10~0
;
I
226
C R O M
A F G
c = C a - du et o pi c ooe n nd i d
w i r t e fh a o o od a ut ti nt n oe gt n e x s x G t N d r .e c o mo m e n d et d
u ~ $
2 t b
0 o
C h e m i zc aG l ‘
w % + * * p $
G ~ ~ E ( K
~ ~ : 1 s ~ s : ~ ~ .g g
m m E m =
c ~ E z ~ j $ g ; g : g ; :
& 2 6 3 G < z : z $ $ 2 u s
Butane......._..............-....---.--+---.o-..,
A A A - - A
B a u l bc ut to a nhy...o... A ol . lA
.l . A., . A
. . A
. A x i , : t i : ; 2
C a c l h c............
l ~o............
ur F imF d F ex F c A A A c c c A A
~ a h y l p oc ................
c hm l oC mr c i tF e x c c c c c c F c c x
= a a r pb c oh................ l i e i. A cdnc F o ,A llc A A Ao A ,c A c A ,A
F A A A A A A A A A A A A A
......... ............... .. ...... c A A x - A A A A A A A A A
...... ... .. c c F F c F A A A c A c A A
Z h &
d .o... ...............
: r~ ........ n eAy , A A A . A x A A x x A
........ ........... .... ..................... x x c F c x x x x x c x x A
Z h a r ...............oc ................
m i i c cdx x .A x c c c c c c x c A
~ acid..-..--.~..
i t .-..-r._.-....-i----x c A A A c F F A A A A A A A
Z t h e ... r .......
s . .........................
. . . . . . c. . A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Z t ghl y c oy l - . .l. . . . .e. . . . .n. A . . . .e-A. . - . .A. . , A A A A A A A A A A A
‘erric chloride . ...................... .... x x x x x x x x x x c x x I
‘ se u................
r l r ...............
f i a x ctx xe A x F c c x ,A A A A ,A
f o r m a _ l - d e. ....... . .h . y F .d. eA - A . —- i.A . c A A tA c c c A A
‘ oa .. ..................
r c m ........... i i . x dc A A . - c x F F F A A c A A
: dr ........e .. ........o... .............
r n A ,A Ay A A A A A A A A A A A
‘ u .................................
r f u r .. ......a A lA c - - A A A A A A A A A
;asoline, sour----------------------------- c x x A x A A A c A A A A A
R e ....................
f i .... ......
n .. ....eA A d A A A A A A A A A A A A
; l yg c l ............ e y r c....i.. .... e nA r,A oA lA A
, A A A , A A A A A A
H y d r oa c ( hS cl Oo ”r xiFi c.c . dc. - c . , c. . lx . c c F x x x A A
$ y d r oa f cl cu ( o o r ixi6 c xl dx5 dF , x% ,x c. c A x x x F A
> 6 5 x % x x c x x c – A x x x F
x x x x x x x x A x x x
x x x x x x c c A x x x c
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
N c oo n to t o i epn ppu s eo d sa i tn g e e DO
A ercents;709. l l
T f o
1>.
1 A r 6o o . t m
H b i n o
f
9 .
—
C R O G
(SEE C H E MO I O C PA PLP O S SA I T N
G E E )
R e s iR s a t atS ni ac nf ae g ap s mc: a i e n gs g e
— A s b e s t— o s isce l e l o a
u
C o m
Woven p . ,
n
~
R u Rubber
b b e r
B o n d e d
>
1U I -
~
2
~
z
QJ
.- n
2
$ 3
z PI PI F r DI C c P
F
:
c
A
A
c
A c c c k
A c c c A
c c c A
: c c c x
x $ $ : F
1 c c c E
A A A
: c c c :
A A
? t > A
: A A A A
A A A A A
x A A A A
- - - x
: - - — x
A - — - x
A x
A z t z A
A A F
E — - - F
x . - - x
x - - - c
x - - - c
A - - - F
1 1
iee tex t f p r oh : oa t h n ge e t es f e :
O alloyJ .
— .
–
—
a
- - -
C R O M
R e s iR s at : Aa t= n( i c lenF n gO
F s oa
C a Du n t u i t o ano s: b o l t ec ce C a – du et o pi c ooe n nd i
w i r t e fh a o o od a ut ti nt n o e gt n e x s x E N
t d r .e c o mo m e n d et d
w g p
z u L
~ o
C h e m i zg c a ml 7 * + m
b
y >
m ~ .z E ~
- ~ ~ 5 g; ; ; : : g
C m E T e
g ‘ ; ~ j g g g ; ; ;
c ~ E z Q
i 2 G 5 8 - z s z $ $ c G 4;
N c oo n ot t o i epn ppu s eo d sa i
IO. tn g e e
Pre$ence
oj water temperature.
8. H h I
f SVO
,
-
C R O G
( C HS E MOE I O C PA EPLP O S SA I T NG E E )
R e s iR s a t atS ni ac nf ea g ap s mc: a i e n gs g e
- g a s e s
— 8070. 3 3 .
?3. R t e or n tp 1eo r Ca Sto m~ rir 8 re o ” J
c r w e a i ~ e~ ~ b
; 320”.
19.
—
I
230
C R O M
R e s iR s a t Ata D niG c n eF ogD Fs o :
C a Du n t u i t o na o :s b o l t Ce = eC a – du et o pi c oe n n d di
w i r t e fh a o o od a ut it nt n o e gt n e x xs c N t dr e. c o mo m e n d et d .
uN
v $
s u L
: o
C h e m i zc a ; l
‘ wY + w v g &
G w .% ~ ~ m t - :
- : ~ a 0 : ~
2 4
u
&
L K
z T z: : : ~
w w
c ~ ~ : : ‘ & g u w e$ :
2 E z Q Q
& 2 2 5 v : # i 2 s 2 $ c &
; onitrate d......................
i uA A m A A A A A A A c ,A ,A ,A c , ,
i o p de ......................
ir ot xlc i cm d- e- - A A - A A A A - ~ ;
; os t d e u . .i .............
. l. u. A. . A
fm. .A . a.A . A. A A tA A A Z 7z z 5 ~
; oS f d.........................
ii U ud A cm e c IA . c x c A A A A
iodium th iosulfate, “ h Ay c p c e A ” Zc . c . – – 9 - A A A A .
itearic acicl...... ...................... F A A A c A A A ,A Al A A ,A lA , ,
~ulfur.........................................., A A F - c A A A A c c c A A
,ulfur dioxide, dry.................., A A A A A A A A A c A c A A
u d l i wo f ................ x e ui x d tFr e F ,. A A . c x F x c A c A .
u l a f ( cu c 1 r ...... i xio0 cdc cl % A, dc , x .c c F c A x A A
H ........................................
o t .x x . x A x x x x c x x x A A
1 0 c - ........................
7o 5 l x% x d, x A . x x c c c c c c A A
H .......................................
o t .x x . x A x x x x F x x – A A
7 5 c - .......................
9o 5 l A% c ,d c A . c x – - A F A c A A
H ........................................
o t .A – . x A - x x x c x c x A –
F u.................................
m i nA – g – A c A x , ,
u l af ........................
u cr o i X-u Fsd F A . F F c E c ; e ~ A- c
‘ a a r ............................
t c a ri Xi cdc – A. – A c c c A – A * c
‘ o l u e ............................
n e _ . . . .A . .A . A A A A A A A A A A A
r i c h l o r o e dt h ......... y l reAn eA, y A F . A . A A c A cA A A
W .....................................
e t .X F . F – c – c
u r p e n ..........................
t i n e . . C . . .c . c A C – i x i i A i i
J fa ( t r b et e o r a is , pl h e , r
f e e ................................
t e a d A ,A , A )A A A A A A Ax A A
? sa w t .................... a e e trc A , e 4 aA r x c A - c cC A A
i h a i w s .................. ik n X e n c y ce -d s c A A A AA A C
i c h ............................
l no r Xi xdc xe A x - – x c xA A
inc sulfate ............................... C c c – – – A F A A
N c oo n to t o i epn ppu s eo d sa i tn g e e
All Percenls;7 0 8 .
Gas;
b
f S
—
231
C R O G
( C HS E MO E I O C PA EPLP O S SA I T N
G E E )
R e s iR s a t taS ni ac nf ae g ap s mc: a i e n gs g e
A s b e s t o Rs u b b M i e s c re l l a n e o u
. C o Wm po . v , e n
n - R u Rb ub be br e r
ca B o F n r i dJ c te i do n e d
> ~ . . ~ >
; L m *
:3 ; z~ :~ ~ % m u . :
l . w g .
o s u ~ c ~ ~ ~
2 & ~ “ ~ Q - $
~ & ~ ~ $ ~ ~ : s 2 & Q :
v ~ a Q ~ &
g g : ~ ~ ; w ~ z
w m z m ; $ o + :
~ z 7 7
s & u w - - Q - ~ & ; 2
Q A 0 + z ~
: g ~ : : $ ; ~ : ~
$ = “ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ z * g ~ ~~ *2 0 g g
I *J J u P P P P P 1 u A u u- u u D ’c c A A P
c A c A A A A A A c A c A - c - A A A A A
A – c - – - – - - c F c A – c - c A x x A
A - A A A A A A A A A A A – A A A A A F A
A – A – – – – – – A A A A – A – A A x x A
. - A A A A A A 4A A A A A – . A A A A F A 4
A - A c c c x x x c A A c – c A X3 1 Fa] A A A
A – A - – - – – – F A F F A F - A c A A -
A – – c c c – – – c c c c - c - F c F x A
- — - - — —
F i i i i i x i i i z x i : x A A A x x A
F A A c c c c x c A F A A – A – F A x x A
x A F x x x x x x c c c A - : ~ ; ; ; $ :
~ 2 : : % % : : ;$ : : : 2 : c x x F x x A
x A c x x x x x x x x x c - x - x F x x A
x A x x x x x x x x x x x - x – x x x x A
x A A A A A A A A c F c c - A - F A x x A
‘A – – A A A A A A c A c c – A – A A A F A
A – A c c c x x x x x A x A x x x c A A A
c c c c x x x x x c x x x x x x A A A
1: : - - - - - - – . — —
A – A c c c x x x c ? i 2 t t ~ t 5 ~ A A
~A – A A A A A A A A A A A c A A A A F A A
~A – A A A A A A A A A A A c A A A A F F A
~A – A c c c x x x A A A A x A - A A A A A
x A c A A A A A A c A c A - c - A A F x A
x A A A A A A A A A A A A - A - A F F A A
* t aS the e f e p rx o et oa tt h nt a g ebt l es e f es .
2 0 .
—
– b a 330”. o i l 32. t
—
i n cw r o e pha as n re e t~ i[ a
;
UJe ij
i
t
i
232
F C
THE TABLES BELOW ARE FOR DATA OF FABRICATING CA}) ACITIES OF THE SHOP
WHICH HAVE TO BE KNOWN B T V E D HES S ST
I YGCE EN OLE L
HH
R U
. BEEN
M
A NE
LEFT OPEN AND ARE TO BE FILLED IN BY THE USER OF THIS HANDBOOK
ACCORDING TO THE FACILITIES OF THE SHOP CONSIDERED.
ROLLINGPLATES
TENSILE
STRENGTH
OFPLATE p s i .
NOTE:
FOR MATERIAL OF HIGHER
STRENGTH THE THICKNESS
OR WIDTH OF THE PLATE
MUST BE REDUCED IN
DIRECT PROPORTION TO
THE HIGHER STRENGTH
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
SIZE DIAMETER in.
LEG
IN
3
LEG
Q OUT
R O LA LN I G N LG E S 4
MINIMUM MINIMUM
SIZE DIAMETER in.
LEG
.% IN
LEG
Q OUT
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
SIZE DIAMETER in.
ROLLING BEAMS
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
SIZE DIAMETER i
FLANGES
Q OUT
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
SIZE DIAMETEllin.
ROLLING FLAT BAR
ON
Q EDGE
233
F C
NOMINAL MINIMUM
SCHEDULE
PIPE S1z i? RADIUS in.
BENDING PIPES
BENDINGPLATES
WITHPRESSBRAKE
PUNCHINGHOLES
vliNiMUMiNSiDEDiAMETER
3E’VESSELAccessible FOR inches
iNSIDEWELDING
TYPES OF WELDINGS
AVAILABLE
I
234
—
P A IT B PN
UE N* EB D D I EN G
I b e a np do t ii tnu n o gp bp u oh eet t a br , ei s er e ht r r a et n t t f i ce hd nn e sh
s e c co m t p ari e aos t s nre dn eo, o h s p paud ous l esn t si en tt f qr et eup s ad s l ieh
o tube tends to flatten or collapse.
r To prevent such distortion, the common
practice is to support the wall of the pipe or tube in some manner during the
bending operation. This support may be in the form of a filling material, or,
when a bending machine or fixture is used, an internal mandrel or ball-shaped
member may support the inner wall when required.
MINIMUM R4DIUS: The safe minimum radius for a given diameter, material,
and method of bending depends upon the thickness of the p w i ba pel
possible, for example, to bend extra heavy pipe to a smaller r at pd ho i i u
standard weight. As a generalrule, wrought iron or steel pipe of standard weight
may readily be bent to a radius equal to five or six times the nominal pipe dia-
meter. The minimum radius for standard weight pipe should, as a rule, be three
and one-half to four times the diameter. It will be understood, however, that
the minimumradius may vary considerably,dependingupon the method of bend-
ing. Extra heavy pipe may be bent to radii varyingfrom two and one-halftimes
the diameterfor smallersizesto three and one-halfto four times the diameterfor
largersizes.
d d
R R
( t 4 3 f d i o )( to 4d) 2 %
I
S t aP n d i a r pd Ee Hx Pe t a ir va p y
MINIMUMR4DIUS
PIPE ENGAGEMENT
LENGTH OF THREAD ON PIPE TO MAKE A TIGHT JOINT
I Nominal I Dimension [ Nominal I Dimension
Pipe A Pipe A
Size inches Size inches
I 1 I 11/16 I 10 I 1 -
I 5
I 1-1/4 I I 12 I 1-3/4 I
I 1-1/2 I 11/16 I
I 2 I 3/4 I
I 2-1/2 I 15/16 I
D I M E DN NS IA O NL
F SO V L A R OOI T A WT I R
O N
I T A OP T PH R I EN A N GD I NR G
DRILLSIZESFORPIPETAPS
Nominal Tap Nominal Tap
Pipe Drill Pipe Drill
Size Sizein. Size Sizein.
1 / 1 1 8 / 23 2 2 - 3 /
3/4
23/32
15/16
3-1/2
4
3-11/16
4-3/16
1 1-5/32 5 5-5/16
1-1/4 1-1/2 6 6-5/16
1-1/2 1-23/32
- .
236
BEND ALLOWANCES
For 900 Bends in Low-Carbon Steel
r&I ‘1
4
=a+b+c– w=a+b+c+d– w=a+b+c+d+e–
ben~~l~o~~n~e (2 x!end allowance) (3x bend allowance) (4x bend allowance)
Note: w = developed width (length) of blank, t = metal thickness,
r = inside radius of bend.
—
237
1. Length of the stud bolts do not include the heights of the point.
(1.5 times thread pitch)
5. Gasket thickness for raised face, M & F and T & G flanges 0.12 in. For ring
type joint see table page 346 and take half of the dimensions shown, since
in dimension “A” only half of the gasket thickness is included.
1
238
P V D
f
or confusing.
B. Show right-end view if
necessary only for clarity
3nd View 1- Ref.line because of numerous con-
nections, etc., on heads.
In this case lt is not nec-
ELEVATION essary to show on both
views the connections etc.,
w in shell.
Saddle
GENERAL C. Show the saddles separate-
MIS~~~~~SEOUS SP~~EC~~CA- ly, If showing them on the
end view would overcrowd
the picture. On elevatlon
1 TITLE
BLOCK show only a simple ic-
~
ture of saddle and ! he
centerlines.
D. Locate davit.
E. Locate name plate.
F. Locate seams, after every-
th.mg 1s m place on eleva-
tion. The seams have to
L
clear nozzles, lugs and
saddles.
G. Show on the elevation and
end view a simple lcture
F etc.,
of opemngs, internas,
lf a se arate detad has to
be mat e for these.
H. Dimensioning on the ele-
vation drawing. All loca-
tlons shall be. shown with
taded chmenslons measur-
ed from the reference line.
The distance from ref. line
~odbeshown for one saddle
The other saddle
shaY1. be located showing
the dimension between the
;-w$~~ bolt holes of the
P R E VS SE D
U SER TES A( EI cL L Io N n G t . )
‘-E*
out making the picture
overcrowded or confusing.
D. S t ho r i oe h sn t aw t
E .
mS 3
. .
@ : --- F .
u
Em
G.
degrees: 00, 900, 1800,
ORIENTATION PLAN 2700 and use it in the
same position on all other
orientations.
240
—
Nozzle on 00
Top or ~ottom ~—+
H. It is not necessary to show
internals on vessel orienta-
tion if their position is
clear from detail drawings
or otherwise.
(JO
27oo . .
●
w t
1800 1 8 Lowest 0
Point of
Plate “D”
ORIENTATIONS
2
PREFERRED LOCATIONS
Of Vessel Components and Appurtenances
r
I
-.
H
I E. Lifting lugs - if the weight of the vessel is uni-
form, “E” dimension is equal .207 times the
overall length of vessel.
1
G. Insulation ring must clear girth seam and shall
be cut out to clear nozzles, etc.
L. Ladderand platformrelation.
v
. + plate.
. The height of first rung above base varies,
minimum 6“, maximum 1’-6”.
A
242
COMMON ERRO RS
in detailing pressure vessels
A. Interferences
Openings, seams, lugs, etc. interfere with each other. This can occur:
1. When the location on the elevation and orientation is not checked. The
practiceof not showingopeningsetc. on the elevationin their true position,
may increasethe probabilityofthis mistake.
B. Changes.
Certain changes are necessary on the drawing which are earned out on the ele-
vation. but not shown on the orientation or reversed. Making changes, it is
advisableto ask the question: “Whatdoesit affect’?”
For example:
The changeof materialaffects: Billof material
Scheduleof openings
Generalspecification
Legend
The changeof locationaffects: Orientation
Elevation
Locationof internals
Locationof other components.
c. ShowingO.D. (outside diameter) instead of I.D.(insidediameter)or reversed.
D. Dimensionsshownerroneously:
l’4Yinsteadof 10”
2~0’insteadof 20’etc.
E. Overlookingthe requirementof specialmaterial
)
2
\
PRESSURE VESSEL DETAILING (cont.)
1
M A A M A X A H .Y X . D .
D E S
W O I R G KN &INC N GT . E
P R E P S @ SS U R
I E G .
T E M P E R
O A T U R EF .
a .
L I BM I T E D Y
z
o
z W P I RL B
E N
F SS / D
S S T. QC O. R RA
. O LSI I L O N
O NW .
u ‘
c R A D I O G R A P H I C
S E C I F IS EO M I EC
C N FE x I TM I N A T I O N
A
8
E R E ( CS H
T I I P O P NI N G L )O N G I T JU D I ON A LI N
W E L I GS H ST E
. F F I C I E N C Y
W E F I G
U H LT LP W OH E SE L TA D T
T . R E A@ 1
T M 1 E N0 T 0 0
.
W W L
A T B E /S R
O P E R
W A ETL I I N G
G
B H ST .
5 A .
T Y P E
T H K . T H K
FL A N G E S R K I T
~ N O N Z Z
E L CE KB A S E
E
* B O L T I N G A BN CO H L . T
a
z c L o I u N p G S A D D L E S
.
.
W
F
G A S K E T
P A I N T
I m
A P P R O X .
V E S S E L S S H I P P I N G
R RE QE U D I : W E L I GB H ST .
-
d
PRESSURE VESSEL DETAILING (cont.)
OPENINGS
m ●
) ! I
1
5
—
I
Detailingopenings as shownon the oppositepage with data exemplifiedin the scheduleof
openings below, eliminatesthe necessity of detailing every single opening on the shop
drawing.
E LE OF GS
246
TRANSPORTATION
OF VESSELS
1. TRANSPORTATION B TRUCK.
The maximum size of loads which maybe carried without special permits
c. height above road 13 ft., 6 in. (height of truck 4 ft., 6 in. to 5 ft., Oin.)
Truck shipments over 12 ft., Oin. width require escort. It increases considera-
bly the costs of transportation.
2. TRANSPORTATION BY R41LROAD.
With special routing, loads up to 14 ft., O in. width and 14 ft., O in. height
may be handled.
247
P
O S T
S U ER F E A F CL E S
P U R P O S E
T m p ahu o r p ipa eio t ns p t r e ei s nhe of r ga vs a ts sit euo nT r e fp ae r fac eh l e it . a
t c o r 1 hr b op sr ei .vtoe ecn n o t o i nc,h nyo tg r aa r ocgfe s tte i vr v nf ese t ouhsa s r s m f ea
2 b r i n .uh ie lb e ics tt r ,io y-v cpt eh er , mo i cop at el pr t m ia ae h st i e r n fi e a t l .
T p am h ib s un u tie sr t s aet tbe s l ef oie fht s e on tcv i thre oh sn m
i eef mne t ap, a
a b ar aa s co i cn toh en i m oi d c na l sf .
S U RP RF E PA A CR AE T I O N
T p r r ih e mq f uaa si reus yc i ocp t e ej s a is t f r iru loe n o mhm t os bvrci s aed a u l l li s f
g r o ea fa os m
i ren a e, M t i s lt gdi i ect n br lal .u i hsl t hl - l ehg r osa iei y o, y c r x e ki o
w fh oo i s t r cr us mhc s t t uus b r esnat e tl qe h u r e l no hot lpo e l r Io i ate tnmt i go n ih .
s i ic na a a t dl at hn ei c te gts tr mh ed tie sp hl tr yop a rv ool ie tt d,et ces tt s hit o hen o e
e d v t t e r u or a lh d , l i e oi snpo n eh l cg i ao nmdt pig e l enm s ft s ,et l i i aycs ce al tl l
e n c o ui np t r e a r ec dt i c en .
I m s i i nc b a l c a r ol f ald s ce p lks ht er wy dgi ,ol m i l i iepoml ir ev n nvil i fre o gnl m e e
p r ot vt l i h dm o es had orci o atsug le l r eeis ea l rt a , lt e s ,m er c,o , v e . de .
E C O CN O N O SM
I D EI R CA T I O N S
T s e l o hep c a ta s i eoui p n rrn ne f p f baat r cead t t etyi oe noc a h n sn i dnip ca e eat clu rt
a p r o o e cb o l n eo mm i c sf .
T c o p oh i na os i r2 e m n5t oa lf - l t o l t3 s eyc 0 o p %soha ai sr snts rft etu i ct t n t f hgu r
a d v o a u n ht s a q g i iue p an i galaf gpi i p ht Sa yn r p ie et n oxtrm s . c ot t e o t y n tor h
e x o p a pe jn a l s i i et i os n fu p etrrh e fb p saa rnt cae ct e i o on p nohr e p tas d r ae t t
d i f d f ee i rvg e ar ni erat p ye r osi p on o1s trg 1t i n0o F n e- x 1 atf o 2mc o p.o l oh er
s a n d bi la a s 1bt i tn 0og h i - u it ms1tgt ohe h2t h h es a w r aabh nr i u t nTs f chre i d n oehg
o s u p ~r e f p saa r hcab fbt eoi a o unla a gl t n ai dc n i e ce lndrh o set avit s e ee fsdh s ee
S E L E O C P T I SA O YN I S TN FE T M S
T t ao t h b f ol l pelhe o ss aw a inegg ne gurt e s i v ste d p el e r pse shao c si op nt y te e s i r
a e s tt n ir me aqq h dtuu eiao pr n eetf a dvi t ai sy r o en ci fro otn v du rTii st dci o e n ash
t a b t u lh h a b t eaet de fr a v t eekSr e S e t nt o h r neuP c m a te Ciue onr l euts snpi cen ic g li f’
t a i r e c oo m mn ne n d a st i o dn s .
C o n s ti ds e er vi vnha g re o i pr a a aeb ip ll rne ots i b ii lan fed g mv t si r ,s e a t bq t l su e
a s s oi ps t ma a a n n cu i f e a c nt u fr et r s .
S P C
E O CN D
I I A T IL O N S
A B R A S I O N
W t ph a m i eh nr t uaen i b nser tsga ig s asit odoht nho t, e oc s oei i dpoah a ntr t i i cf n ue l
i m p o F r mt a a n xaot d.i h mb e ucsr l m il oei at na b, ns a i a etnh p g i l ns ic ss ke s alt id t
f a cP r t e to r er sa yt am . he u np t hs oc oos w p hph asa r att eei xs mc f re eeh l t l r ec o ne h
and rougheningthe surface.
Urethane coatings,epoxies and vinyl paints have very good abrasion resistance. Z i
rich coating,and phenolicpaints are also good. Oleoresinouspaints may develop m u
greaterresistanceby incorporationof sand reinforcement.
248
H T EI M P E GR A T H U R E
B t e e m lp e o r o5a t0 uw0 r -et so6 0 ba 0g °t f s F aou f ir c o ofon ha optdc h i e o n os gr
t r e i a s ta t mi se fAna ct 5t b o 0 r 0yso . a- blast
6v cleaned
0 0e °surface
F is desirable.
Recommended Paints:
u to 2 2 0F Oil base0 5ppaints limited
- period
0
2 3 0F An alkyd
0 0 or phenolic- vehicle
0
3 4 0F Specially
0 0 modified- alkyds 0
3 5 0F Colored0 5silicones - 0
7 8 0F Inorganic
0 0 zinc coatings
- above
0 550 F
Black or Aluminum silicones
8 0 0 F - Aluminum
1 2 silicones
0 0 up to 1600-1800 F
Silicone ceramic coatings
C O R R C O H S E I MV IE C A L S
See tables I and V for the selection of paint systems.
THE REQUIRED QUANTITY OF PAINT
Theoretically, one gallon of paint covers 1600 square feet surface with 1 mil (0.001 inch)
thick coat when it is wet.
The dry thickness is determined by the solid (non volatile) content of the paint, which
can be found in the specification on the label, or in the supplier’s literature.
If the content of solids by volume is, for example, 60%, then the maximum dry coverage
(spreading rate) theoretically will be 1600x .60-= 960 square feet. - -
THE CONTENT OF SOLIDS OF PAINTS BY VOLUME $%
I
% %
1 50
2
3 &
4 70 15 70
1 6
5
6 Black Alkyd Paint 37
Varnish Paint 103 Black Phenolic Paint 57
8 Aluminum Vinyl Paint 14 104 White or Tinted Alkyd Paint, 47 - 50
9 White
70 106 Black
In practice, especially with spray application, the paint never can be utilized at 100
percent. Losses due to overspray, complexity of surface (piping, etc.) may decrease the
actual coverage to 40-60$Z0,
or even more.
.
)
- .
P A I N T I N G
T A
I P B SA YL I S E TN E , TM S
T A
I P RB E I T RL E AI T
E
S PME EC N
,I FT I C A T I C I N S
R e f e r e n c e
t To a iP ut rn l p oe sdS p e e c i f i c
T I a b l e N u m
1 W E T
O TT R I E NA
I G
T M E LN T S S 1-64
P C
Saturation of the surface layer of rusty and
scaled steel with wetting oil that is compatible
with the priming paint, thus improving the adhes-
ion and performance of the paint system to be
applied.
2 C P O
H O S LSP U H AD RT T RF E E A A CT ME ES N ST 2 P C-
C o n vt es r ut of
i rsteel
hn gf to insoluble
a c e salts
e
of phosphoric acid for the purpose of inhibiting
corrosion and improving the adhesion and per-
formance of paints to be applied.
3 BASIC ZINC CHROMATE-VINYL BUTYRAL
WASHCOAT(Wash Primer) SSPC-PT3-64
Pretreatment which reacts with the metal and at
the same time forms a protective vinyl film which
contains an inhibitive pigment to help prevent
rusting.
4 HOT PHOSPHATE SURFACE TREATMENT SSPC-PT4-64
Converting the surface of steel to a heavy crysta-
llinelayex of insoluble salts of phosporic acid for
the purpose of inhibiting corrosion and improving
the adhesion and performance of paints to be
applied.
2— . 5
P A I N T I N G
T A
I , SB U PRL R FE E
PA A CRSI A
E~ T
~ lI FO I NC A T I O N S
% e f e r e n c e
t T oa iP ut rn l p oe sd Se p e c i f i c a t i
N u m b
T I a b l e
1 S O LC V
L EE AN N T I N G S 1-63
Removalof oil, grease, dirt, soil, salts, and con-
taminantswith solvents,emulsions,cleaningcom-
pounds,or steam.
2 HANDTOOLCLEANING SSPC-SP2-63
Removalof loose mill scale,loose rust, and loose
paint by hand brushing,hand sanding,hand scrap-
ing,hand chippingor other hand impact tools, or
by combinationof thesemethods.
3 POWERTOOLCLEANING SSPC-SP3-63
Removalof loose mill scale,loose rust, and loose
paint with power wire brushes, power impact
tools, power grinders,power sanders,or by com-
bination of these methods.
4 FLAMECLEANINGOF NEWSTEEL SSPC-SP443
Removal of scale, rust and other detrimental
foreign matter by high-velocity oxyacetylene
flames,followedby wirebrushing.
5 WHITEMETALBLASTCLEANING SSPC-SP5-63
Removalof all mill scale,rust, rust-scale,paint or
foreignmatter by the use of sand, grit or shot to
obtaina gray-wh~te,uniformmetalliccolor surface.
6 COMMERCIAL BLASTCLEANING SSPC-SP6-63
Removalof mill scale, rust, rust-scale,paint or
foreign matter completely except for slight sha-
dows, streaks, or discolorationscaused by rust,
stain, mill scale oxides or slight,tight residuesof
paint or coating that may remain.
7 BRUSH-OFFBLASTCLEANING SSPC-SP7-63
Removalof all except tightly adheringresidues
of mill scale, rust and paint by the impact of
abrasives. (Sand, grit or shot)
8 PICKLING SSPC-SP8-63
Completeremovalof all mill scale,rust, and rust-
scale by chemical reaction, or by electrolysis,or
by both. The surface shall be free of unreacted
or harmfulacid, alkali, or smut.
10 NEAR-WHITE BLASTCLEANING SSPC-SP10453T
Removalof nearly all mill scale, rust, rust-scale,
paint, or foreign matter by the use of abrasives
(sand, grit, shot). Very light shadows,veryslight
streaks, or slight discolorationscaused by rust
stain, millscale oxides, or slight,tight residuesof
paint or coatingmay remain.
I
252
—— .
P A I N T I N G
T A
I P B A W
LI NE T , S
:e r e n c fe
t Mo a t e r i a l N u m b
~ 1 a b l e
P I N IN A T C
T A
V C H
B E L
RM E I SE CI SAO,T LCA N
O C AME T
A TI EN F R G I A L
Acetaldehyde . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 3
Acetic acid, 10% . . . . . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 4 4 3 4
A ac g e c l . t . . ai. . i 1 c2 dc1 i 1 1 a,1 4 l 3 3 4 4 3 4
Acetone . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
Alcohol, amyl . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 3
A l b c nu o o th . . r 1. oy 1ml1 l 1 a 1 , 1l 3 .2 2 2 2 1 3
Alcohol, ethyl . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
A l ic s o o h. .p . o. r. 1 lo 1 ,p1 y1 1l 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
A l m c o e . h. t. . o. .h 1 l 1y , 1 1l 1 . 1 2 1 1 1 11 2
A l u c m h i l . .no. . 1ur 1m i 1d 2e 2. 2 4 31 1 3 1 3
A l u s mu i l . .np. . 1uh 1 m a1 1t 1 e1 4. 1 1 2 2 1 2
Ammonia, liquid . . . . . . 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 3
A m m c o h n l . i. o. 1u r1 m1i 1 d1 1e 3 .1 1 3 3 1 2
Ammonium hydroxide . . 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 3
A m m n o i n . t. i. . r1u 1 am1 1t 1 1e 3 .1 1 3 3 1 2
A m m s o u n l . i.p. 1u h1 m1a 1 t1 1e 3 . 1 1 3 3 1 2
Mdline. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 24 4 44 2 4
Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 3 4
Boric acid . , . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Butyl acetate. . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 3 31 3
C a c l h c .l . .i .o . . u1r 1 m i 1 1d 1 e1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
C a h l y cd r .i . o. . ux1 i1m d1 e 2 . 1 1 2 21 1 2 1 2
C a h l y pc o ci . .h . u1l o2 mr2 i 3 t 2e 2 4 1 1 2 21 3
C ad i r s ub. . l. . p.o4 h4 4ni 1 d 1 e1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
C at e tr r a bc .h . .lo4o 4r 4ni 1d 1e 1. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Chlorine gas . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 3 4
C h l o r o b . e. .n. .z . e. 4n 4e 4. 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Chloroform. . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
C h a r 1 o c . . m. . .i 2i 20 2c d 4 3 3 , 4 2% 2 4 4 2 4
C h a r 6 o c . . m. . .i 2i 20 2c d 4 3 3 , 4 2% 2 4 4 2 4
Citric acid. . ; . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 21 1 2 1 2
C os u p l . .p. . .h . e1 a 1 1tr 1e 1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Diethyl ether. . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ethylene glycol . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 2
Ferric chloride. . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3
Ferric sulphate. . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
F o r m a l 4d e . h. .y. 1d 1e 0,1 1 1 1 3 % 1 1 2 2 1 3
F oa r2 c m . . . .0i , i 1 1 dc1 %1 1 , 1 3 . 1 1 2 2 1 3
F oa rc c m . .o. .i . i 1 n 1 dc 1 e 1 , 1 . 1 3 21 1 2 1 3
Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 41 1 4 2 4
Glycerine . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
H y d r o a c h1 lc o . 1r i01i c1 1 d1.%1 3 , 1 1. 3 3 1 3
H y d r o a c h3 lc o . 1r 2i0i c2 1 1d 1% 3 1, 1 3. 3 1 3
H y d r o a c hc lc o . 1ro 2ii c2 1n 1d 1 3e 1, 1 3. 3 1 3
H y d r oa f l 1 uc o. . r1 ii2 c 1 0 1 d 1 1 3, 2% 2 2 21 2
H y d r oa f l 4 uc o. . r1 i2i c1 01 d1 1 3 , 2 2% 2 2 1 3
P A I N T I N G
T A
V C H
B E L
RM E I SE CI SAO,T L
CA N
O C AME T
A TI EN F R G I A
(continued)
N
m
vc
H y d r o a f l 7 u c o. . r1 i2i c 1 5 d 3, 2 2 2 2 3
% 2
H y dp re or 3 og . x1e 1i n1 d:% ei ; , 3 1 .3 3 4 1
H y dp er ro 3i g o 2ex 2 0ni 1 d3 2e 2% , 3 2 .3 3 : 4 2
H y ds ru o.l . .gp. . 1e h n1i d e 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
H y p o c h ao l .o. .r . oc1 u: s 1 : i ; : 4 d 1 3 1 4 1
Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . .4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 : 2 4 1
L u b r o i c. . .a . .ti. .i n 4 g1l 1 1 1 .2 1 4 44 2 4 1
M a g s n ue sl. . .i p. 1u h m a 1 1 1 1 t 1 e 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
M ee kt t he. . h. .yt1 1 yol2 1 n1l 1 4e 4 3 3 1 3 4
Mineral oil . . . . . . . . . .4 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 4 1
Nitric acid, 5%. . . . . . . . 1 1 : 2 2 4 3 3 1 3 1
Nitric acid, 10% . . . . . . 2 ; 4 2 2 4 : 3 3 2
N ai 4 t c . .r . 0.i . i 2d c;% 3, . 3 . 4 2 4 24 : : 2 m
N ai c t c . .ro . .i . i n d c :e 3, . 3 . 4 2 4 34 2 4 2
N i t r o b . e. . n. .z. .e . n e . : : 1 1 1 3 3 4 44 3 . 4 3 .
Oleic acid . . . . . . . .. ..3 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 2
Oxalic acid . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
Phenol, 15-25% . . . . . . . ; 1 1 1 4
Phenol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4
P h o sa p 1h c o. . .r 1i i 1 c01 d1 1 1 , 3 1% 1 3 3 1 3
P h o sa p 6 h c o. . .r 1i i 1 c01 d1 1 1 , 3 1% 1 3 3 1 3
P h o sa p ch c o . .or 1 ii 1 c1n 1d 1 e1 ,3 1 . 1 3 3 1 3
Potassium alum . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
P o t h a y s d s r2 i o u1 x2 mi1 :d 02e 2 , 4 1 1 % 2 2 1 3
P o t h a y s d s r9 i o u1 x2 mi1 d4 52e 2 , 2 2
% 3
P o t p a e sr m s ai .n 2u g 2 m a 1 n 3 a 2 t 2e 3 ; ; 3 3 ; 4
P o t s a u s l s . p. i. . h1u 1am 1 t 1 e1 1. 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
Sea water . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Silver nitrate . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; 1 1 1 1 1 2
. S b o i sd u. .i .l . .pu1 h1 m1a 1t 1 e 1 1 1 2 2 1 2
S 1
o c ad r bi. . .o . u. n1 am t e . 1 4 2 2 : 1 1 2 2 1 4
S o c hd l . i. o. . . ru. 1 i md1 e . 1 1 1 1 1
S o h yd d ir1 o u. x1 ;i0m1d : e ; ,% ; ; 1 1. 1 1 1 ;
S o h yd d ir2 o u. x1 2i m d 0 e , 2 4 1 1% 2 2 1 3
1 4 2
S o h yd d ir4 o u. x1 2i m1d 04 e 2 , 2 4 1 % 1 2 2 1 3
S o h y dp o ic .h . ul. 1o 2rm1i t4 e3 . 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 4
Sodium nitrate. . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
S o s ud l . i.p. . .hu. 1a 1 mt 1 e1 1. 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
S o s ud l . i. p. . . hu. 1 i 1mt1 1e 1 . 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
S u d l i p o. . .hx. . . u1i 1 dr1 1e 1 . 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
S u l a p 1h c u. r- i1 i 1 0c1 d 1 . 1 1, 3 %1 1 .2 2 1 2
S u l a p 3h c u. . . r. i1 i 10c1 d 1 1 1, 3 %1 1 3 3 1 3
S u l a p 6h c u. . . r. i1 i 10c1 d 1 1 1, 3 % 3 3 1 3
S u l a p ch c u. . . r. oi2 i 2 c d 1n 1 1, 3 e; ; 3 1 23
Toluene . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 1 1 1 3 : 4 44
T r i c h l o r o e .t .h. y. .l e n4 e 1 1 1 4 : : 4 44 : 44
255
CHECK L F I
2. Drawings:
a)‘“ All info& detailsrequiredbyQCManual shownon drawing. . . .
b) Headscorrectlyidentified..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..---.
c) All metalcorrectlyidentified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------
d) Nameplate facsimiliestampedcorrectly:
MAWP,MDMTand RT.............................................. ..................
e) Approvalby fabricator(on drawing) ..............................................
9 Revisionsor metal substitutionshownand approved. . . . . . . . . . .
3. Bill ofMaterial:
a All materialidentifiedas SAor
) SB ----------------- .......
b RequirementsofUCS 79 (d))specifiedwere applicable. . . . . . . . .
c Requiredmaterialtest reports) specified ..ti.-....=. ----- . . . . .
d Shoporder, serial number,and/orjob
) numbershown. . . . . . . . . .
e Materialrevisionorsubstitu~on
) approved
and shownwhenapplicable ... ... . ....... ... ....~..~--.-..”.””.....~.”-””
4. Calculations:
Dimensionsused match drawing ....................................................
Correctstressvaluesandjoint efficiencies(S &E) used.. . . . . . .
Correctformula&dimensions used for heads ----------------
Do nozzleneckscomplywith UG-45? -..--..-..---.-.=. ....
Requiredreinforcementcalculationsavailablefor all openings. . .
9 Specialflangeorstructural loadingcalculationsavailable . . . . . .
Identificationwith S/O or S/N andapprovedby fabricator. . . . . .
Externaldesignpressurecorrect-template
calculations&template available. .... ... .... . .. ... ... .. ... ... .... .. ...
MAWP&MDMT matchesdrawingand specifications.
MDMTcorrect formaterials used (UCS-66,UHA-51) . . . . . . . . .
5.P O u
a Is job n s ( a ....................................... p
b) C~rrectspecification(SA or SB) used ............................................
c) USC 79(d) & UG 81 requirements specified as applicable ............
d) Material Test Reports requested .........................................."".".""."""
e) Immaterial ordered identical to Bill of Material
d=
or drawing requirements? ...............................................................
6. Welding:
al Are correct WPS(s) shown ondrawin~s? ................. ””””..”...””””.”.”””.”
b> Are complete weld-details for all welds shown on drawing? .........
c) Are copies of WPS(s) available to shop
v i s ..............................................................
s u p efor rinstruction? o r
E
256
7. Non-DestructiveExamination& Calibration:
a) Are SNT-TC-lA cmalificationrecords with currentvisual
examinationavail~blefor all RT techniciansused? ....................... .
b) Do film reader sheets or checkoff recoid~sbo.wfilm.
intemretationby a SNT’-~CLeve1 —. I or II examiner
or interpreter?..................................................................................
c) Are the requirednumberof film shots in the proper
locationsfor thejoint efficiencyand weldersused
(UW-11, 12,& 52)? ........................................................................
d) Is an acceptablePT and/orMT procedureand personnel
qualifiedand certifiedin accordancewith Sec. VIII,
Appendix6 or 8 available?.............................................................
e) Is the PT materialbeing used the sameas
specifiedin the PT procedure?.........................................................
o Do all radiographscomplywith identification,
density,penetrameter,and acceptancerequirements
of Sect.VIII and V? ........................................................................
!3) For 1331.1fabrication,is a visual examination
procedureand certifiedpersonnelavailable? ................................. ,
h) Are tested gasesmarkedor identifiedand
calibratedas stated in QC Manual? ................................................
i) Isa calibratedgage size per UG-102available
for demovessel?.............................................................................. I I
ABBREVIATIONS:
AI Authorized Inspector
MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
MDMT Maximum Design Metal Temperature
$; Quality Control
Radiographic Examination
s/N Serial Number
Slo Shop Order
Wl?s Welding Procedure Specification
257
PART II.
1. GeometricalFormulas........................................................................... 258
2. GeometricalProblemsand Constmction.......""".."""."""-""""".".""""""."..."""""-"
268
9. Intersections.......................................................................................... 281
1 A p p u r4 t ............................................................................
e n a n c .e s 312
258
G E O M E T FR O
I C RA M
L U L A S
( e xS ao m
t e fp l ap ee h cs a i gn n e eg )
S Q U A R E
A A% r e = a
❑
l ’
A = a2
b d = 1 .~ 4 1 4 a
I . = ;
a = 0 , d o 7 a =0 7 1 r -
b R E C T A N G L E
A A r e = a
A a x = b
b d = ~ ~
B a = o a =$ - r
A
b = or- b = — 2
a
P A R A L L E L O G R A M
b
A A r e = a
A a x = b
= A
o a
T
D = J A
b y
R I G H T - A TN G
R L IE D
A N G L E
c A A r a . e =~ a ~ ’
o 900
axb b ‘I/==
A ,6, A=, ~=
a2 +b2
A CA NU T G R
T LI EA E N DG L E
A A r e = a
b
h .
[ A
w ;s : ’ \
O B A T N UT G RS LI E A E N DG L E
A A r e = a
b x h
* A = ~
*
“ A : ~ s (w : s ; ; ~ : x: s - ’b ’ s - c )
s
259
E X A M P L E S
( F oS ro tm e Fu l aP ea h c s a i gnn e eg )
S Q U A R E
Given: Side a = 8 inches
Find: Area A = ~2 = 82 = 6 s i q n 4 . .
D i a d g= 1o n a. a= 1l 4 . 41= 11 4 41i x. 83 n1 2 .
Area A= d = 12 1 . = 3/ 61 s 2 2 q2 / . 2 - i n4 .
Side a = 0.7071 d = 0 . x 1 7 1 =0 8 . i 7 3 1 1 n 2 .
Side a = G ‘ = g i * n
R E C T A N G L E
Given: Side a = 3 in., and b = 4 in.
F iArea n A = ad x b = : 3 x 4 = 1 s q . - i n 2 .
D i a d g= -o n a = l_ = ~ = f5 i =i n
Side a = A/b = 1 =3i2 / n 4 .
Side b = A/a = 12/3 = 4 in.
P A R A L L E L O G R A M
G i H v e a e= i 8 in g a : t h n s t b =n . 1i h i ,d d en e 2 .
F iArea n A = adx b = :8 x 12 = 9 s q . - i n 6 .
Height a = A/b = 96/12 = 8 in.
Side b = A = 96/8 = /12 in. a
R IA NG T G R
H LI A T E N DG L E
Given: Side a = 6 in., and side b = 8 in.
F iArea n A = ad x b = : 6 x 8 = 2 s q . - i n4 .
2
S c i= d h ~ 6 e+z 8 m = *= =2f l i= i n
S i
a - d ‘ e
~– 8 = ~1 2 – 0 1‘ 2 =06 6 i2 0 4 n~
Side b ‘~c2 – az ‘*102 – 62 =4 1 – = 0 =3 8 i 0 6 n~
A CA NU T G R
T LI EA E N DG L E
Given: Side a = 6 in. Side b = 8 in., and side c = 10 in.
F iArea n A = sd z % (a: + b + c) = %(6+8 + 10)= 12
Ad s (s- a) x (s-b) x (s-c) =i12 (12-6) X( 12-8) X (12- 10)=
24 sq. in.
G E O M E TF R O I C RA M L U L A S
( e xS a o m
t e fp l ap ee h c s a i gn n e eg )
R IT R GI A
WH N 2 G
4TI LA E N
T 5G HL Eo
A = A r e a
A = a — 2
h 2
[ b =~ l e 4 1 4 a
a h = 0 .a 7 0 7 1
a = 1 . 4 1 4 h
E Q U I L A TT ER R I A AL N G L E
A A r e = a
6 e
a x h
A ~ =
m
h = 0.866 a a = 1.155 h
&
u T R A P E Z O I D
A A r e = a
- (c b h a + )
D : (
w ‘= 2
R E G H U E LX AA R G O N
A A r e = a
A R R aRo c id r c i u mcu=s c irs i b r ef d c l e
= R ao i dn s ic c uri i sr b e cf d l e
f 2 i 2 a0. = 2 5 R . = 93 = 5 r 8. 9 z 4 8 6 z 4
R = a = 1.155 r
@ r = 0 a .= 0 8 R. 6 8 6 6 6
a = R = 1,155 r
R E G O U C L T AA R G O N
A A r e = a
R R ao c id r c i u mcu=s c irs i b r ef d c l e
r = R ao i dn s ic c uri i s r b e cf d l e
A 4 a . = 2 8 R . = 23 = 8 r 8. 2 z 3 8 1 z 4
R 1 a .= 1 3r . 0 =0 7 8 2
r = 1 a .= 0 2R. 0 9 7 2 4
a = 0 R. = 0 7 r. 6 8 5 2 8
R E G P UO L L AY R G O N
A A r n = Ne = u o as m ib ed r e
r * ’ @ = ~go” – a “
a =
,(3 ~
r
@ - J
261
EXAMPLES
(See Formulas on the Facing Page)
E Q U I L A TT E R R I A AL N G L E
Given: Side a = 8 in.
F i n h = 0d x .a: = 0 8 x .8 6= 6 8 6i . 6 9 6 n2 8 .
Area A = ~a = 8 X 6 x =. — 5 95 = h2 . 2 7s4 8 .q 2 .7 4 - 1 i 2 n
2 2
T R A P E Z O I D
Given: Side a = 4 in., b = 8 in., and heidt h = 6 in.
( b h = ( a 4 6 =+ 3 s 8+.-i . ) ) X 6 q n
F iArea nA = d z : 2
R E G H U E L X AA R G O N
Given: Side a = 4k.
F iArea n A = 2d x .a: = 2.598
5 x 49 = 4 8 1 w 2 . - 5 i 62 8n .
r = 0 x .a = 0.866
8 x 4 6= 3.4646in.
R = a = 1.155 r = 1.155x3.464=4 in.
REGULAR OCTAGON
Given: R= 6 in., radius of circumscribed circle
Find: Area A = 2.828 R2 = 2.828 x 62 = 101.81 sq.-in.
Side a = 0.765 R = 0.765 x 6 = 4.59 in.
REGULAR POLYGON
Given: Number of sides n = 5, side a = 9.125 in.
Radius of circumscribed circle, R = 7.750
Find:
r=m=-v= 625ino
nra 5 X6.25 X9.125 = 142.58 sq.-in.
Area A = ~ = 2.
262
G E O M E TFR O I C RA M L U L A S
( e xS a o m
t e fp l ap ee h cs a i gn n e eg )
C I R C L E
A A r C ie r c= u ma f e r e n c e
d
A= r2 x ~ = rz x 3.1416 z x
d n = d 3 . 1 x 4 1 x 6
@
L eo a n f ag a tnr = o0h g. 0f d Icx0a r 8 e 7 2 7
C I R S
C UE L CA R
T O R
A A ra = A e = a=a r A n c g
A =
‘ r X 2 &
a r x a x 3 . 1 4 1 6
< a =
1 8 0
a=— 5 7a . 2 9 6. 2A
v r
r Y
C I R S
C U
E LG AM R E N T
A A ra A e =n a cg = C l = oe
A A o s r em cea i =ot t nar or f iu r ae sn ga l
:
< c = 2r x sin a
T
a E L L I P S E
A A rP = P ee =r i a m e t e r
* A z x =a3 . x xa= x1 b 4b 1 6
— .
+ A a p p r of x oi m f r ap ntmee ut o il ea t er r
P = 3 . 1 ( a4 + 1b ) 6 { 2 z z
w
x E L L I P S E
L o pc a oo t e ii l n n l g ti ps s n e
a
~ L — = R o am at i =ct m
i nx a oa o i f j xr os i
— . b . —
+
x = az - ( 2C x y2 )
u
Q m4
Y = c —
0 d ~ ( w
D 0 N = the required number of holes (diam, d) of
0 which total area equals area of circle diam. D.
D
2
EXAMPLES
(See Formulas on the Facing Page)
CIRCLE
Given: Radius r = 6 in.
A = r2x ~ = =
A = = 12ZX0.7S5Q =
C = dx = x =
if a = 60°
= dx a = x x =
CIRCULAR SECTOR
Given: Radius T = 6 in., =
Area A = r2 ~ x ~ = 62 x ~ x ~ = 18.85 Sq. h.
a = rx x = 6x x =
a = xa = x =
r 6
C I R S
C U
E LG AM R E N T
Radius r = 6 in., a =
A a
= r2 x ~ x — . x X~ =
A =
Chord c = 2r x sin ~ = 2 x 6 x sin ~ = 2 x 6 x 0.7071 = 8.485 in.
E L L I P S E
Half axis, a = 8 in. and b = 3 in.
Area A = ~ x a x b = 3.1416 x 8 x 3 = 75.398 in.
P = + ) = + ) =
@ =
E L L I P S E
G i A va = 8 ein.
x andn b = i 4: in., then s C = ~ = ~ = 2, x = 6 in.
~ = ~ - ~ . .
c 2 2 2
-( ) (2 2x ) ‘ 6
E X
H m %i @holes have same areas as a 6 in. diam. pipe?
N= (’/d)2 = (6/0.25)2 = 242= 576 holes=
Area of 6 in. @pipe= 28,274 in.2
Area of 576 H in. #holes= 28,276 in.2
G E O M E TFR O I C RA M L U L A S
( e xS a o m
t e fp l ap ee h cs a i gn n e eg )
C U B E
b V = V o l u m e
~ i– v= ~3 1
S Q P U RA RI ES M
I
I V = V o l u m e
— —
I J L : .; ; :* ’ ,: - ’ : = C &
P R I S M
m T
‘ f : oh : c r ‘b; m
ai Ay rpu efaa elpsoa f easl n d iso ho”nere nf=esa dca eu prrn y
i h i p e r p e nt de i cs fu ul as r r n f a c o de .
w
C Y L I N D E R
v Volume S = A o =c ry l i s ne du r ri a c f af la
. . —. .
.
%
+ ; “‘ ; : ; : : 0: ” x: : 7 = d 82 x ’ h
C O N E
q
v Volume S = A o =c r o s n ue i r c fa a af l
. . (—. 3 . . x r x1 h 4 1 6 2
v = 1 =. x r x0 h 4 7 2
h d “ d
%
L
S = 3.1416 rc = 1.5708 dc
F R U O SC T UO M N F E
‘ - v i
Volume S = A o =c r o s n ue i r c fa a af l
0 . ’ i
v 0.2618 h ( D2 + Dd + dz ) = a = R–r c. ~
P
h s =% 1.5708 C( D + d )
~
I I
265
E X A M P L E
( F oS ro tm e Fu l aP ea h c s a i gnn e eg )
C U B E
Given: Side a = 8 in.
F iV on V =l ad =u 8 : =m 5 ce u .1 ~- 3i n2 .
Side a = G 8i = n
S Q P U RA RI ES M
Given: Side a = 8 in., b =6in., and c ‘4 in.
F iVolume n V = adx b x c : = 8 x 6 x 4 = 192 cu.-in.
v =1 9b = = n = 1 2 . = 6 i 9 2
a ! — = 8- i
8 4
;
x
5 n
—
4
b 6 x x c
c . = —1 = 4i 9 ~ n 2 .
a 2 x x b 6
P R I S M
G i E vs ue A r=nn 1 f s : aq a c. d h -=e 8 iin. n .2 , d
F iVolume n V = hd x A =: 8 x 12 = 96 cu.-in.
C Y L I N D E R
G i vr = e 6 in., nand h : = 12 in.
F iV on V =l 3d u . x : rm x1 h =e 43 1. x 6 16x 1 =4 12 1 3c 6 u5 . 72 - 2. i
A o C ry l i S ne du r rSi a=fc 3 afa l .cx d xe1h : = 4 1 6
= 3 . x 1 1x 1 =4 4 15 s 26 q . . 23 - 28 i9 n .
C O N E
G i v r e= 6 in.,
n and: h = 12 in.
F iV on V =l 1d u . x: rm x0 h =e 4. x7 0 2=6 44 zc2 57 u 1x 22. h- . i 4n
c = ~ ‘ 3 1 = 6 {41 ~3i =+ . 4 4= n 1 6
A o C r o S n ue i r S =cf 3a aa f. crl x ce1 = : 4 1 6
= 3 . x 6 x11 43 = 2 1. 5 64s 2 q1 . . 86 - 8 i7 n .
F R UO C S T U
O M N F E
G i D vi a e D m= n2 e i :t a e d n=r 1 i n h. = 1n 4 , 0i d . . 32 , n 7 5
F iVolume n V =d 0 : . h ( 2 + D 6+ d D1= 8 2 2 d )
0 . x 1 2 0( 6 +. 21 x231 8+ 17 4 =5 2 2 27 c 3u24 2.7 -
Surface S = 1 . C ( D5+ d 7 1 0 . X 1 )8 5( 17 2= 0 = 8 42 2 +
6 7 s 8 q . .5 -8 i 6 n .
266
GEOMETRICAL FORMULAS
(See examples on the facing page)
E X A M P L E S
( F oS ro m
t e Fu l aP ea h c s a i gnn e eg )
SPHERE
Given: Radius r = 6 in.
Find: Volume V = 4.1888 r3 = 4.1888 X216 = 904.78 CU.-hi.
or v= 0.5236 d3 = 0.5236 x 1728= 904.78 cu.-in.
Area A =4Tr2 = 4 x 3.1416 x 62 = 452.4 sq.-in.
or A= T d2 = 3.1416 x 122 = 452.4 sq. in.
S P H ES R E I C G AM L E N T
G i R v a r e= d6 in.n iand: um = 3s in.
F iV on V = l 3 d u. x m
: m1( e4 =
m
@ 1 r 6 z -
= 3 . x 3 1( 4 =6 1 1 -4c 6 1u; 2. . ) - 3 i 7 n .
A Ar 2 r x e = r2 Xa 3.1416x=X 6 X 3 =m 1 1S 3q .. -1 i 0
S P H E Z R I CO A L N E
G i R v a r e = d6 in.,
n i Cl : =u 8 in.,s C2 = 11.625 in., and h = 3 in.
3 X 82 + 3 X 11.6252
Find: Volume V = O.5236X3X ~ + 32 = 248.74 cu. in.
( 4 )
Area A = 6 . X 6 X23 = 18 13s q32 .. - 1 i 0 n .
T O R U S
G i Radius
v Re = 6 in.
n and : r = 2 in.
F iV on V =l 1d u 9 R: m x r. = e 17 93X 6 X .22
9 = 7473.7 3Cu.-in.
z 9
A A r= 3 9eR = . 3 a 4 9 x 6 7x .2 = 844 s7r7 q 8 3 . - . i 7n
—
268
AJ x LOCATINGPOINTSON A CIRCLE
z
EXAMPLE
. . y =- = Sin. X= 3 in.
x =q~’ ~ind Y == =~
& = %= 4 in.
q. D L E O N F G PF TL C A
HY T
LO IE N D RE
= E X A M P L E
.+ ~ ~ : L e n I g ndt hi s = ao= i m
f 2 ed 4t e e i r
p l T ah i o ct fk :enp1 i e l s as t n
t
,@ d i a Lm 2 e t 1 1e5 r 8 x 3
T FINDTHERAD;USO COF AI R A
C U L A
‘ e ~ : ‘ ~ ~ ~ : ~~ ; ’ : : i n
q
o TO FIND THE CENTER OF A CIRCULAR ARC
When the Radius, R, and Chord, C are known,
strike an arc from point A and from point B
with the given length of the Radius. The inter-
secting point, O of the two arcs is the center of
the circular arc.
y .d~
I
q o T F T IC E NOH NA C
O TDI REE A
C RU L FA
R E Q U I R E D
NOWNSIDE OR ANGLE FORMULAS E X A M P L E S
( E N C I R C L E D )
Sidea s 6 in. b = 12.S67 in.
t A ‘ ~ a F A Ai n‘n ng ‘ 0 l .d e4 6
a b @4 b ’ a
=
Sidea = 6 in. b = 12.867 in.
1 2 . 8 6
tan B = ~ F A B
i n= ng 2 l~ d. e1
b
b =
Sidea = 3 in. b = 4 in.
b c -
A c
b = s
c
A
@ sin 0.S00 = 30°
B Side a = 6 in. c = 12 in.
c a
c a B =y B =+ = 0 . 5
A C = O S
a = 3 in. c = 5 in.
c a ‘ b =
c
= 4
A = 250, side a = 6 in.
A, a a b = a x cot A b = 6 x
= 6 x = i
A
( b )
A A n= ?300, side
g a =
l6 in.
e
a —6 =
a c c =- =
A
AA
A = b =
b a = b x A a = x
a = x =6
A&
Angle A = 30°, side b = 12 in.
b = 12
A b @ c , = F c i— n d
A
A A = 13.856
b
Angle A = 30°, side c = 12 in.
c a = x
C = c x sin A
@ a = 12 x 0.500 = 6 in.
AA
I
971
A
F r uof Es C t C uE Nm
C T R OI C N E
E X A M P L E
4.
C “Segments
of Circles for =1
t h e
A The Bottom tAt The Top
Factor c times Factor c times
mean radius = mean radius =
Chords, Cl C2. . . Chords, Cl C2 etc.
in. S 1,2... ft.-in. in s:, 2. . . ft.-in. ,
300 c1 = 9.317“ S1 = 6’-0 ~ c1 = 6.212“ s; = 4’-0 %
6Q0 Cz = 18.000’ Sz = 6’-2 Yle C2 = 12.000” s; = 4’-1 yz
~oo C3= 2S.4S2” s3 = 6’-4 ~ C3= 16.968” S; = 4’-2 IMG
1200 C4= 31.176“ S4 = 6’- 67/lG C4= 20.784“ S: = 4’-4 ‘/fj
1500 C5= 34.776* Ss = 6’-7 I946 C5= 23.184“ S: = 4’-5 Yl(j
O V S P
T b a vu p laathe cminimum
eofi a c s l e cso r ad e t w i i i n t material,
ty theh correct r o a
l et d n i ags mb t hde eh t t a ee o r r m
l i n l e ed .
T o p rt h oi al m eftu et nmd i ig aoc th m b f fhe tboa tee f ru o l npn lh r eo od wc iey
( p rT ie l s hi st m1u eirp aet0 e e l s ld0s i hnp os a0eo a i i ds ad as l r ud m s e de
EXAMPLE
Design D a t a :
P= 100 p V = 1s c , fi S0 = 1t , u 0 6p .0 , E s= . 00 , i 0 C. = 0.0 8 . ,i 00
F t oi p dt hn i i aa m dml u e e mt nn e rg t d h
F = 100 = 0 i . n1 .2 -5 l
0 .X 1 0 6 60 , 02 05 .0 X 8
F c rD =
h 5.6 ft.,
o as 5 ft.rm6 in. t a y
Length = 4 x 1,000
3.14 x 5.52 = 42.1, say 42 ft. 1 in.
* FROM:
“
Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. permission.
—
273
100,000
80.000
6
50,000 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I II 1
40,000 1II I 1 I I I I I I I
\ , , 1 , , , , , , , ,
20,000 I , , , ! , , , ,
I0
8
. , 1 [ , , , ! , , , t i w 1+ I 1 I M
b.UUUk %~ fz~
5.000 I I
4.000 I i I I I i f 1
1. +[
I t.
I
i I 1 1 I
1 I [ [
r 1
I
1 r , I I
I ,000
400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10.
1 2 3 4 8 910
VESSELDIAMETER,D FT.
n
m plate would be required for the ring made
of one piece)
0,500 D
2. R f e c r ( ha f po aa d t ca rm
p i g tn
c e o n t tr ae qag h uwe i r t r f h ee
6 r d i i v t ni d n d e neg sht du io m ro
e
S E C T Os Re Sc t o r s
n
100 -
90
% w
LL 80
o
@
~ 70
u
$ 60
&
q 50
CA
$ do
&
* 30
CIa
+
~ 20 — — .L.
& ~ l.1
10 ~
o
2 3 4 5 6 7 a
NUMBER OF SECTORS
EXAMPLE
Determine the required plate size for a 168 in. O.D., 120 in. I.D. ring made of
6 sectors
=
m
a
~ 1
169 “
- . - -
F r uof Cs O tN Cu E mNC T R I O C N E
G i v e n :
D M d i e aa t m la = e e ta n eh rnr
DI = M d ie aa t m sa e e tm n eh nra
H H eo t if r g u= h s tt u
D e t t e Rr m
e iqP hn u le i ar e et d
T R e qP h u li r a ee d
= D- DI D
b— 2 tan c1 = + , rl = —1
2’
e - s
.r 1
a R c
m
+
C o T n R i a c oa n l o k f
P= x3
T R e qP h u li r ae
277
F r of
u C s O tN Cu E mN
C T R IO C N E
Made from two or more Plates
t - %
G i v e n :
D M d i e aa t m la = e e ta n eh rnr
D, = M d i e aa t m sa e e tm n eh nra
H H eo t if rg =u h s t t uf e
n = N u o p m (l b s a ee t cr t e of
D e t t e Rr me iqP hn u el i r a ee d t
= D - – D l
b 2 —
,
tan W = *
I
-b c = ~ +H b 2 2
D rl = D 1 / 2
Elevation R c +
e . &
s m t i
l’% 2
DXZ
2
X 5 7 .
R =
2 9
n
6
x Rxs > +% i = n
Y Rxt ~ + 1 a = n
exs 2 i n
exc ~ o s
W o it R d e qP t h u= Rlhi +r 1fa ee d -t
L eo t n R eg qP th ui hl i r af ee d t
t F r mu h f s at r u e odm me :
2 P :l 2 Y
a +Z t Xe s +
Reauired Plate
F r of
u Es C t C uE N
Cm T R OI C N E
Determination of the Required Plate by Layout and by Calculation
Side view
of cone
4
O
of the top circle.
o
C A L C U L A T I O N
T f t c iu ro t vhnp a bt ocl uda hrle ace u l t a f
the O
B
only (marked S3)
If the bottom circle divided into 12 equal spaces,
C3 . 2 R x sin 45°
S3 =~H2 + C;
F r uof Es C t C uE Nm
C T R OI C N E
E X A M P L E
C
C etc. using C
=1
c c
= =
. . C~
~ 1, 2 . . . ft.-in. s;, 2. . . ,
= S1 = 6’ -0 % = s; = 4’ -0 %
= = = s; = 4’ -1 %.
. = ~ = “ =
= = - = = 6
= = = “ =
H2 + D2 = 6$- 8Y2
= ‘
BENT AND MITERED PIPE
2
I
C & P
, t
When i n t e rhp s e i cln t i ena g n
/ k\ ./ 1.~ p e r p e n t d t i c a u l oa tr xh i o
r *G1
c y l t i ni n d t e hr r is ,ae c t i e o
[ r
.—. e l l i p s e .
!Cl
IC2 C O N S T R U O C T T I IO N N HT E
\ \ \ \
S E C
E TL IL NI G
P S E
\ \ D it cv i r ic uh dm of ete r e ne c e
c y il ie n np qd a ea utd r r a orn t l
a e l a e e m d eia pvn n i toc s i i t h
T m a a oh t jxe loi et il h r i sp
l o d n i gbs tee at st in w t cn e e h te
s e p c oa t t i m nn a nig ti h nsx do
t d i ao ht m c e y t l Teehi rn d ef
p oo t i e nl c l tbh di s pe a f s et e
m bi u nt s c e i h o dth on yr g d
c y ls i p bn pad r eco rj a ee c d t i
s oh b c o a l cw ua le an t ix or yn es
p l b i e f W l i t eomi d w h e t .t i h
m b l o as a l t o ui br yp aei a d ny t f
‘F
. l d o ew n - e c s oT m tte , r hs ch i
} n o t ep a l s t h r a es n qt f h eu ei
: 17 - ---- c l e s a ra h a b nt al c i ea l s k nl
16
— ‘– c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
;
D E V E L O P M E N T
:b T l e H nih e g t qt t hec u , aih
c u m f o et rc e y n l cD hi e n i d v e f e
!
-w
t l i h t i s n i nn a htu s o em m o b e
I e p q a at u c i rr a c u htmlo f e s r e sn e
t c y l hD i n a d er e el r .ea m
t h e r d o i a upv e gri cp hse ni d hoi c nu
t t l hD i e t nit e l r oe mes i .hn e
o e e la a es mc oh be cf ohn t w a
c u l Ba c t o i n o n t n e e. c t i hny g
p oo t i e ln ec th mb os e n fa et s
t at s i t r en t hc le h eo dtd -i o e u t n
i n t e r a s em c tb i u on nf a s d
c u o t p t a f i t pu n t m g e i oi r t t n p
i e n t g c , .
E X A M P L E
f c a l co uof l length a t i rofo n
e l e m e n t s .
T c i r c u h m of te r c e nye c el h i n
i d i i v 1 ie n d p q e ats du r oa t
T a o n ah s g e = c2l e t 2 e i - of
d e g r e e s .
T a o nt h i ng t e rlhp se e ecl t fi ean
t t a o t xh c y i=l oh4 i e ns d f
‘Y” d e g r e e s .
c = r x cos 22-1 /2° 1
h ‘2== , c, = r x cos 45°
c%= r x sin 22-1 /2°
1 = ( a cq 4 - a ,o ~ 0 ) s °
h h l
a = = l
1 = ( - a c 4 a e 2 2 o 0t a ) scs 4° a. si 40 e in 0°t
282
I C
o e d q i a uwm a e a toi nfie nl r t gtse r 9 s l e h c te i o0f n
I 1
I I
— .
I
1
1d
‘/4 O F
T L O IH IN T E N R S EE C ET I FO N
D it c v i r ci u h md of te er c e ny e c l e hi n
i e np q a a ut d ra a eo rn t ll a e as m d
e d ai vp ic o sT i i i h no nt ne h rt s e . c
p oo t ie ln ed th m e st e t e n lfr et m s i i h
o i n t e r s e c t i o nf .
D E V E L O OP M P EA N TT T E R NF
D s tr lr oa a e i i gl qw h ent tut n ea g
c i r c u m o f t e rc e yn cl eiDh n itd e v rf es
l i i t s nn n ea hut o esm m op qb e aee u
a t c i r c uh m of et r sec ne yc el hi n d
D a er l t ea hm e r we do n n ai u t v g i c
p e r p e n t d t i c ul hl a i rD e en t s ee o r es
t l e o e hn e g al bte ep m chr o e jf hen c
o c a l c u ( l ae t ixS o b arn . e m e B l p o el
c o n nt e e c pt i ohnot gn e i l e e nh md
t s t r o eh curve t c of theh uintersection
ee d t
can be developed.
EXAMPLE
for calculationof lengthof elements
If the circumferenceof cylindersis divided
into 16 equalparts a = 22-1/2°
c1 = r sin a
C’2= r sin 2 a
C3 = r c a o s
c4 = r
-
I C
o u n d ei qa wmu a e a tofi nile n r t gtse r 9 s l e h c te i o0f n
I C
w n i i n t e roat s e c hxt i nn g e s
a . b . C . f d ~
I
\
I
r
— — . .
; 1! - -+ - , - y*-* - –‘ ; +
, .
I
I 1’ T L O IH IN T E N R S EE C ET I F O
I I I D it cv i r i c uh dm of ete r e ne c e
b rc ya ol nb i vcn doi h i e r etn
a m e a pq a na nu e sr cay e t sl
f t i n o t a h ec nc Dud r r ee a dr c
a e l a e e m d eia pvn n i toc s i i t
T p oo ih in t en r o s t tee c s t i of
c o r r e s ep o l n de d i m ne g te e n r t m
t l o i ni h t e r sn e c e t ie o fn .
D E V E L O OP M P E AN TT T E
D a s r t l r oa e ii l gqw eh n ut n
t t c i r c u hm o f t e rb e o n rec e ha
c y al di n i i d nvt e s nri d ad ht e
n u o em p bq a eat u cr r a f ith l
c u m f e D r e an rc e e .l a e m
t h e r d o i a upv e gri cp hse ni d hoi c n
t t l Di eh t n t e l r eo me i . hn
o t e l ebh mp r e o n fjo ete cs t
c a l c u ( l ae t ixS o b an , e m e l p o e
B c o n nt ee c p t i o hnoty ng i
e l et sm t e r on eh ct t sco u h u ee r d
t i n t e rhc s eb cd t e i veoa en l o
T c u r ohv t a h t ‘u ter oh e il
m c ya il d i e i nt e db r nt em ri n e
l eo e n l egc C m te e s h n 1 t tpf s
i t a dh n i s a etb ca egn mc t e t s
w ah t l i eo r ca hn o ht g r e t e
m c ya (l ei il n se vd an e te ri o n
L k
E X
f c a
D i
A M P L E
l c o ou l l a eo t e i n olr neg
vt ci i dr c iu h mn of tge r e n e c e
m t
c, = r sin 30° /1 = { R + C2 - 2
C2= r cos 30° 12 =~ R2-(r + C1)2
—
1 J R2- (r - C1)2
4
16 = R
285
I C A C N
T L O IH IN T E N R S EE C ET I F O N
D it cv i r i c uh dm of eet r e ne c e h
l o i b n v d o ei i r a te n n w h
B
c y
3 m e a p q a annu e rcayf e t sl s s a o
2 t d e a hs c ic urD r ee aa drc y . a
e l ae e m d e ai n vp t i c o s ti h o n
1
% D c r i o r p a c v l l ww e i s a i en
/ 2 r ar , r de Ti l t u2o i s i hc n l ,t n .
3 s e o ct tp ii d ol he tn e ar nm e i nn
4 b t p oo ih ni t en r ys o te e c ts i o nf
e l e a m t e c no rnt r esh s p o nd d ie
c i Pr cr t l o pe hj s ote .te ci st n hte
e l e vT a i t n i t oe hrnp s . e oc t ii e n gn
o t p r o aj h e e c l t eow f n erm s e i n
d e t te rl mo ii inhn t e r ns e ec t e
o t e l e vh T a st it n or e hne . t c
o c u r ouv t a h t ui tr oh e l fh
c i t o b d e n t e b r etm i s no e dh
l eo a n a ag r e tt r 2chta 3 n f s s cf , e
e f t pr v olohc i a dl amc e ue l n a w
a e x e m bp l ei T f lsi e s pod ahw c .
o a a a r e m 2bc t o3 bf sact , a , i .
a s ho m o b c wa las c n u l ra yt
( e Sx ba eem l p oel we ) .
D E V E L O O P M P E AN TT T E R
D a s r t l r oaa l ii eegw hn nq t g u et
t t c i r c u h m of te r c eo n e yc e h l
d a d ei i in v t i sn r d d athe
n u o em pbq a e atu rc r a f tihl
c u m f e D r e an rc e e .l a e m w
t h er od aiu vp g i cph os i iheo nn
p e n dt ti cl u D l i a eh r t n e r eo m e
t l eo t hn e lg eb th pme he nr f te
j e o cb c t a li c tou l l n a e t ir hnny g g
of 1~, 1 e t ec *.x b( a Se m e l, p e o l
I w
E X A M P L E
f c a l c oou l l a eo t e i n olr neg m t ef
C6 = r sin a
r a R d= h i t up s ,a 6
I
‘,=w= ‘tc
286
I C A S N
R
>
K
I
-—. —.
-
A
-—.—.
1
.r
a
- ,
.—
a-3
a
al
-
1 I
I
“
s
1 . \
%
B R2
“ Iw D
c
t
T
m
s
a s r t
bi t
n
p o aht
ln
lr a ao e i i gwl q h ent t ut n
i r c u m o f te rc e ny c ale hdi
t s a hu o p m m a obat e c e ry rl thi
dc i i pv neh i oag s d i i f eoen
e o e a hn o d t g r c y ty e l ch hi
ea g
n i i d nfv ee
P i 2 iE l l ip H:p s o e ei nd 1a la
T c e p h no o r t th e e i i ra oeh p n p a r
m a a s t p he s e l er ityg c r m a aleo h nd
w i he 0i q t c ut i d h. aim aso hl t m e 9e
h We t a ph i dw ieh ia. l tpno i 0 h e emi
t ti d m i a o h etm he s tt eleh ro iah
‘E X A M P L E i n t e r a s ed ce tv i e on l on o t p c m ye d n l th i
f c a l co uof l length
a t i rofo nc b f i oa t a u d b nenh seomdc rav n i en b
e l e m e n t s .
C a l t c d u i ls xat h Xat ene c e l ets 2 , c , , .
x i g xi = x ~v + r xesin a n, etc.
l s, ; P 2i F i l a a Dp n iHg ne s e n ehd e da
S i wm t i c l eap a h on r ~ rtt yht e ei r o
w it kt n h ui ha sci p k nh sl e ee r ts gi c m
r ao w d i hie ut i qt s r c u afo ht ahd s
d i s h .
287
T P
connecting cylindrical and rectangular shapes
D E V E L O P M E N T
D it c v ii i e hr d np qc e a al ut e er a
d a er l aea e m d w e ai nvn ti c s
p o i n t .
F t li e o enhn e g al d b et e m ch e
t r i a n go ub l c a at li oc nuT l a t i ro y
e l ea m t he y n pr t oho st t e n eu es
t r i oa n sideg ofl nwhich e s is e
A A A --e a2- t t ’o1 3 n, ct h ’ h
s i t i h eo d th i t r ge a snhhe s ti t
p i e c e .
B t e d e g v e h li o o t p n m l e e n ti h
1 a d t - r r n t i r ah liSg da - wnh S ge
w b h S oi ae s t q hs e t u ea aA s
s A ai w hdh yn p o oe A t D se dn ue
A f bo t r ui a n ng o u cl da a t i lyo cn u
● A t Fi t o pi no1 2nh i3 . e n d tt e
A T l eo 1 h n 2 g3 - e -t em 2h t 3 f , a
●
A- b t ea t qkt c ue o e t anoh l r o
d i v o it st i c o iinht so ra hc f e l p
small enough for the desired accur-
acy. Strike an arc with 1 as center
and the chord of divisions as radius.
With A as center and A-2 as radius
draw arc at 2. The intersection of
these arcs give the point 2. The
points 3, 4 etc. in the curve can be
Found in”a similar manner.
E X A M P L E
f c a l c oou l l a eot e i norl n eg m t ef
c= r x cos a d = r x sin a
L E O NE L G E T M HE N TF S
I t a db eh so mc r van ci e bn e e n d
b f to d e u v e hnl f o et p d m re eno t a
s pi tiw ie h oc e ne ns :
one end is square
2. one or both sides of the rec-
tangle are equal to the
diameter of the circle
3. the circular and rectangular
planes are eccentric
4. the circular and rectangular
planes are not parallel
288
T P
connecting cylindrical and rectangular shapes
1
2 2 D E V E L O P M E N T
D it c v ii i e hr d np qc e a al ut e er
3 3 d a er l aea e m d w e ai nvn ti c
p o i n t .
4 : - - + - - A F t li e o enhn e g al d b te e m ch
3 3 t r i a n go ub l c a at li oc nuT l a t i r
e l ea m t he y n pr t oho st t e n eu e
@ 2 2
1 t r i one a n sideg ofl which e s is
A A A--e a2- t t ’o1 3 n, ct h ’
s i t i h eo d th i t r ge a snhhe s ti
p i e c e .
B t e d e g v e h li o o t p n m l e e n ti h
1 a d t - r r n t i r ah liSg da - wnh S ge
w b h S oi a e s t q hs e t u ea aA
s A ai w hd h yn p o oe A t D se dn ue
f bo t r ui a n ng o u cl da a t i lyo nc
t Fi t o pi no1 2nh i3 . e n d tt e
T l eo 1 hn 2 g3 - e -t em 2h t 3 f
b t ea t qkt c ue o e t anoh l
d i v o it st i c o iinht so ra hc f e
small enough for the desired accur-
acy. Strike an arc with 1 as center
and the chord of divisions as radius.
With A as center and A-2 as radius
draw arc at 2. The intersection of
these arcs give the point 2. The
points 3, 4 etc. in the curve can be
found in a similar manner.
E X A M P L E
f c a l c oou l l a eot e i norl n eg m t
c = r x cos a d = r x sin a
e = ~ - + -d( a)( b )2
D C I E P
E X A M P L E :
I i r e tq d u aii 2 ri v edt s i di n adc om ieic e 8 er t0 nhesc q r p l t ua e c ao e ls .
cf 8s pf o ta t r c a0 e roh.b s 3 l m8 e 2e : 6 8
C =D i ax m
0 e. =t32 e x8 r0 2 . 6=37 8 8 . i 2 60n 6 5 c8 3h 6e s
T f t l i eo c hnn hf go a od dt e r eh on dsn fu iso s mr r penyb sda e cihr t o e o f s w h
t a b l e :
1 8 0
C = D i a~ m
s e t e i r n
n uo sm p b a e c r e f s
E X A M P L E :
I i r e tq d u ai 1 r iv et ds i d i n 0 dac o meiic e 1 r0t e nhec p rq l 2t a ue ro a 0 t l s
C = 100 x sin 1 8 0
— 1 x s 1 30 1 = i0 x 0 0 ’. 0= n2 0 ° i= 2 .n 0 6 c 26 h
1 2 0
No. of No. of No.
Spaces c c c c
m
I P / l\
SEGMENTSOF CIRCLESFOR R4DIUS= 1
e e Area l
1 h c
0 1 h
De[
c h c
Deg Deg ment
7A 1 A
I A
T 0 0.000o
. m 0 1 T m7 3-F 0 121 2.11? 0 1 0 6
. 2 0,ooo1 0 62 1,082 0 122 2.129 0 1
i 9 0 0 63 1.100 0 123 2.147 0 1
4 3 0 0 64 1.117 0 124 2.164 0 1
5 3 0 0 65 1.134 0 I15 2.18? 0 1
6 0 0 0 66 1,152 0 126 2.199 0 1
-1 9 0 0 67 1.169 0 127 2.217 0 1
8 0 0 I 68 1.187 ]28 ~,?34 0 1
9 2 0 0 0 69 1.X34 I 0 129 2,:5 ] 0 1
10 3 0 0 0
10 70 [~q~ 0 2 0 1
11 i 0 0 ; 71 I.239 0 2 0 1
12 0 0 0 0 7? 1.257 0 2 0 1
13 0 0 0 0 73 1.274 0 I 2 0 1
14 0 0 0 0 74 1,291 0 I 2 0 1
15 0 0 I 0 ~ 75 I.309 0 2 T0 1
16 3 0 0 0 I 76 1.3?6 0 2 &6~54
17 0 0 0 77 1.344 0 2 I
18 0 0 0 0 78 1.361 0 2
19 0 0 0 79 1.379 0 2
3 1 0 0 80 1.396 1 2
3 0 81 I.414 I 2
0 0 0 82 1.431 0 2
0 0 0 83 1.449 0 2
3 0 0 84 1.466 0 2
3 0 0 85 1.483 0 2
3 0 0 86 1 0 2
0 0 0 87 1 0 2
0 0 0 88 1 ; 0 2
0 0 0 89 1 , 0 2
o 0 0 90 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 91 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 92 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 93 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 94 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 95 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 96 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 97 1 1 0 2
0 0 0 98 1 1 0 2
0 0.667 0 99 1 1 0 2
0 0 100 1 1 0 2
0.715 1,763
0.73? 0 102 1.780 0 162 2.827
0 0 103 1,798 0 163 2.845
0 0 104 1,815 0 164 2.862
0 0 105 1,833 0 165 2.880
0 0 106 1.850 0 166 2.897
0 0 107 1.867 0 167 2.915
0 0 108 1.885 0 168 2.932
0 0 109 1.902 0 169 2.950
0 0 110 1.920 0 170 2.967
0 0 111 1.937 0 171 2.984
0 0 1.955 0 172 3.002 1
0 0 I 1.972 0 173 3.019
0 0 I 1.990 0 174 3.037
0 0 2.007 0 175 3.054
0 0 2.025 0 176 3.072 i
0 0 2.042 0 177 3.089 [
1 0 2.059 0 178 3.107
1 0 2.077 0 179 3.124
I 1 0 2.094 0 180 3.142
—
291
Ziii4 I
D A R
T I N OT E HR SP E C TT IE O N
d O S H
A NE O L N ZF L Z LD E
( D i m e In s ni o cn e hd e s )
N M I NE A ( I
T
~ 1 1Y2 2 2 %3 3 4 %5 6 %8
O.125C
0.12 SC
O.125C
O.125C
0.062S
0.062 !
0.062: 0.1250 0.2500
0.062 : 0.1250 0.2500
0.062 ! 0.12.50 0.2500
0.062! 0.1250 0.1875
I I I I
I i I dl I D A RT I N OT E HR SP E C TT IE O N
O S HA NE O LN ZF L Z LD E
( D i m d eI n ns ic o hn e s , )
S h e l l N M P I ; IN (P A E
—
! i a ; .1 1 20 6 82 30
4-
1.0625
!.5000 4.1250 7.000
!.0625 3.1875 4.1250 8.000
[.7500 2.6250 3.3750 4.8750 9 . 0 0 0 0
—
[ 2.3125 2.8750 4.0000 5.6250 D.000o
[ 2.0625 2 5000 3.4375 4.6875 .1.0000
[ 1.8125 2.2500 3.0625 4.0625 7.1875 12.0000
[ 1.6875 2.0625 2.7500 3.6250 6.0625 8.0000 3.0000
L.0625 1.8750 2.5000 5.3125 6.8125
[.0000 2.3125 4.8125 6.0000 5.0000
).9375 2.1250’ 4.3750 5.4375 0.4375
).8750 2.0000 4.0625 4.8125 9.0000
36 ).81 25 1.8750 3.7500 4.5625 8.1250
38 ).7500 1.7500 3.5000 4.2500 7.3125
40 ).7500 1.6875 3.3125 4.0000 6.7500
42 ).6875 + 1.5675 3.1250 3.7500 6.3125
1
0.875 1.0625 1.1875 2.6875 3.1875 5.2500
I
0.7500 0.9375 1.1875 2.3125 2.8125 4.5625
0.6875 0.8125 1.0625 2.1250 2.5000 4.0000
0.6250 0.7500 1.0000 1.8750 2.2500 3.6250
0.8750 1. 1.4375 1.7500 2.0625 2.4375
0.8125 1.3125 1.5625 1.8750 2.2500
0.7500 1.1875 1.4375 1.7500 2.0625
0.6875 1.1250 1.3750 1.8750 1.937.5
——
96 0.3 12! 0.4375 0.500( 0.6875 0.875C 1.2500 1.5000 1.8125 2.375(
102 0.3 12! 0.37s0 0.500( 0.6250 0.812 : 1.0000 1.1875 1.4375 1.6875 2.250(
108 0.250( 0.3750 0.437$ 0.6250 0.750C 0.9375 1.1250 1.3750 1.5625 2. 125C
114 0.250( 0.1875 0.437: 0.5625 0.6875 0.8750 1.0625 1.2500 1.5000 2.000C
120 0.250( 0.1875 0.4375 0.5625 0.6875 0.8125 1.0000 1.1875 1.4375
126 0.250( 0.3125 0.375( 0.5000 0.625C 0.8125 0.9375 1.1250 1.3750 1.8125
132 0.250( 0.3125 0.375C 0.5000 0.625C 0.7500 0.9375 1.1250 1.3125 1.750[
138 0.182! +0.3125 0.375C 0.4375 0.5625 0.7500 0.8750 1.0625 1.2500 1.625C
144 0.1 82! 0.3125 0.312 : 0.4375 0.5625 0.6875 0.8750 1.0000 1.1875 1.5625
I ,
293 I
TABLEFOR LOCATINGPOINTS
ON2:1 ELLIPSOIDALHEADS
t
From these tablesthe dimension
y can be found if the diameter,
~ D and dimensionx are known,
~Ient ‘ L i
R=t r
n e
ao h hd e i ua e sd f .
7
7
3 = 12 ! 2 ) =7 0 ?.2284 7 7.7459
Y z Y D = 26 5 7.0710 8 7.5 -
r 2.9580 - 4.9749 T Y i 6
7
6.8738
6.6332
9~ 7.2111 -
4.8989 [0 ~ 6.8738
2 2.8284 2
4.7697
T 6.4807 8 6.3442 [1 6.4807
3 2.5980 3 2 6.4226
4 4 4.5825 9 6 [2 6.0208
2.2360 3 6.3245
5 4.3301 0 5.5901 [3 5.4772
5 1.6583 4 6.1846
6 4 ,1 5.0990 ,4 4.8218
6
— 0 5 6
7 3.5707 ,2 4.5 .5 4
— D = 14 8 3
6 5.7662 ,3 3.7416 ,6 2.8722
x 7 5.4772
I
Y 9 2.1794 ,4 2.6925 ,7 0
1 3.4641 8 5.1234 —
10 0 is
— 0 ‘=36
2 3.3541 9 4.6904
)= 22 ~= 32 T Y
3 3.1622 10 4.1533
T T Y
4 2.8722 Y 11 3.4641 T 8.9861
5 2.4494 T 5.4772 12 2.5 7 7.9843 2 8.9442
6 1.8027 2 5.4083 —13 0 2 7.9372 3 8.8741
70 3 5.2915 ) = 28 3 7.8581 4 8.7749
D = 16 4 5.1234 T Y 4 7.7459 5 8.6458
- i 5 4.8989 - Y 5 7.5993 6 8.4852
Y 6.9821 7.4162
6 4.6097 6 7 8.2915
T 3.9686
7 4.2426
2 6.9282 7 7.1937 8 8.0622
2 3.8729 3 6.8374 8 6.9282
3 8 3.7749 9 7.7942
3.7081 4 6.7082 9 6.6143
4 3.4641 9 3.1622 10 7.4833
5 6.5383
5 3.1225 2 . 62 9
6.3245 1 2 6.245 11 7 . 1 2
0 11 5.8094 12 6.7082
6 2.6457 7 6.0621
=24 12 5 13 6.2249
7 1.9364 8 5.7445 4
x 13 14 5.6568
8
— 0 Y 9 5.3619 14 3.8729 15 4.9749
) = 18 7 5.9791 10 4.8989 15 2.7838 16 4.1231
5.9160
T
x Y 2 11 4.3301 16 0
5.8094 — 17 2.9580
1 4.4721 3 12 3.6055
4 5.6568 ) = 34 18 0
2 4.3878 13 2.5980 —
5 5.4543 14 0 Y Y D =38
3 4.2426 —
4 4.0311 6 5.1961 ) = 30 7 8.4852 x Y
5 3.7416 7 4.8734 2 8.4409 9.4868
x Y
8 4.4721 3 8.3666 2 9.4472
-J
6 3.3541 7
9 3.9686 7.4833 4 8.2613
7 2.8284 T3 9.3808
10 3.3166 2 7.4330 5 8.1240 41 9.2870
8 2.0615
I 2.3979 l L’ 7.3484 l —( 7.9529 5 9.1651
91 0
294
TABLEFOR LOCATINGPOINTS
ON 2: 1 ELLIPSOIDALHEADS(Cont.)
-L
17 12.3592 32 4.0311 5 19.3391
2 10.4523 T Y 18 12 33 0 6 19.2678
3 10.3923 1 13.4907 19 7 19.1833
4 10.3078 =7
2 13.4629 20 11.1803 8 19.0853
5 10.198 Y
3 13.4164 21 10.7121 9 18.9737
6 10.0623 4 13.351 22 10.198 1 17.9931 10 18.8481
7 9.8994 5 13.2665 23 9.6306 2 17.9722 ~ 18.7083
295
I
TABLEFOR LOCATINGPOINTS
ON2:1 ELLIPSOIDALHEADS(Cont.)
r
ON 2:1 ELLIPSOIDALHEADS (Cont.)
L
❑120 55 10.9896 26.2488 Y 34.7239 67 13.1814
T 29.7321 56 10.7703 41 25.8602 20 34.5832 68
9 29.6606 57 9.3675 42 25.4558 21 34.4347 69 10.2835
10 29.5804 58 7.6811 43 25.035 22 34.2783 70 8.4261
11 29.4915 59 54543 44 24.5967 23 34.1138 71 5.9791
12 29.3939 60 0 45 24.1402 24 33.9411 72 0
13 29.2874 46 23.6643 25 33.7602
14 29.1719 — D = 132 47 23.1679 26 33.5708
15 29.0474 x Y 48 22.6495 27 33.3729
16 28.9137 T 32.9962 49 22.1077 28 33.1662
17 28.7706 2 32.9848 50 21.5407 29 32.9507
18 28.6182 3 32.9659 51 20.9464 30 32.7261
19 28.4561 4 32.9393 52 20.3224 31 32.4923 N O T
20 28.2843 5 32.9052 53 19.666 32 32.249 T c u r hv a
21 28.1025 6 32.8634 54 18.9737 33 31.9961 o a e l l i p s
22 27.9106 7 32.8139 55 18.2414 34 31.7333 h e ei t a
23 27.7083 8 32.7567 56 17.4642 35 31.4603 i no o s u it
24 27.4955 9 32.6917 57 16.6358 36 31.1769 i at r
25 27.2718 10 32.619 58 15.748 37 30.8828 e l l i p s
26 27.037 11 32.5384 59 14.7902 38 30.5778 T p a r h a l
27 26.7909 12 32.45 60 13.7477 39 30.2614 c o ut r
28 26.533 13 32.3535 61 12.5996 40 29.9333 o p sp o si
29 26.2631 14 32.249 62 11.3137 41 29.5931 i n e l l o i
30 25.9808 15 32.1364 63 9.8361 42 29.2404 a t n h
31 25.6856 16 32.0156 64 8.0622 43 28.8747 d o a t
32 25.3772 17 31.8865 65 5.7227 44 28.4956 t t ha bi
33 25.0549 18 31.749 66 0 45 28.1025 a n r o
34 24.7184 19 31.603 7 = 144 46 27.6948 a p p l i c a
35 24.367 20 31.4484 Y Y- 47 27.2718 t l o c a
36 24 21 31.285
35.9965 48 26.8328 p o i n
T
37 23.6167 22 31.1127 49 26.3771 t g eh o ma
2 35.9861
38 23.2164 23 30.9314 50 25.9037 r iu c a ln
3 35.9687
39 22,798 24 30.7409 51 25.4116 d e t e r m i
4 35.9444
40 22.3607 25 30.541 52 24.8998 c u r v
41 5 35.9131
21.9032 26 30.3315 53 24.367
6 35.8748 ( e s p e c i a
42 21.4243 30.1123
7 35.8295 5 23.8118 4 ah
i t c
43 20.9225 ;; 29.8831 5 2
8 35.7771 o h e a
44 20.3961 29 29.6437 56 22.6274
9 35.7176 w ha le la
45 19.8431 30 29.3939 57 21.9943
10 35.6511
46 19.2614 31 29.1333 58 21.3307
47 18.6481 32 28.8617 11 35.5774
59 20:6337
48 18 33 28.5788 12 35.4965
60 19.8997
49 17.3133 34 28.2843 13 35.4083
61 19.1246
50 16.5831 35 27.9777 14 35.3129 18.303
62
51 15.8035 36 27.6586 15 35.2101 17.4284
63
52 14.9666 37 27.3267 16 35.0999 16.4924
64
53 14.0624 38 26.9815 17 34.9821 15.4839
65
& 13.0767 39 26.6224 18 34.8569 14.3875
J@
297
LENGTH OF ARCS
1. These tables are for locating points on pipes and shells by measuring
the length of arcs.
2. The length of arcs are computed for the most commonly used pipe-
sizes and vessel diameters.
3. The length of arcs for any diameters and any degrees, not shown in the
table, can be obtained easily using the values given for diam. 1 or degree 1.
4. All dimensions are in inches.
EXAMPLES
A. w 3P
O.D. = 3 0 ”
N ol oz @ 3c z a l t e e0 d ? °
/ F t rt al oebo hn l m g e t e h f
2 7 9 V @ a =7 ’ . i r 8 4 n3 c 8 .
4
6
1 8 ( Y
B C 6 .O = 3 P. V D0 . ”
N ol oz @ 6c z a l t e 0e d °
T a t b m h e r af st eu r cr oe e ohd m
.
2 7 9 c P 0l c oe n s t @ee r s l it n e
Y
T n oi 3h z f z t s 9rl e0 e oh @ 0 ° m e
~ T l eo t hn a 7gh .r ti e 8i h c 4 f sn 3 : 8
@
I s & ’
P 3m’
c .I =3 . W t h D0ai c 3 k . lnt / e” s l8hs = ” a
O = ?. 3D 4 . 0 ”
) N ol oz @ 3c z a l t e e0 d ? °
2 7 9 FW t r l a eo W o3b na f lgm 0t e r ho f ° c
d
d 1= 0 i . 2 a 6 1 . 8 0
0 . x 23 6 = 08 1 . 8i. 00 7 5 n5 0
4
1 8 @
p 22%0
D O.D.
. =3 0 ”
N ol oz @ 2c z a 2l t e e? d 4 °
! F t r l a eo o1b an o lgm te r h f ° c
2 7
{ 9 ( 03 Y O P’ .0( i )J .pD 2 ” e6 . 1 = 8 0
0 . x 22 =6 125 i 8 . 0. 8 n9
&
1 8 W
298
L E O NA G RT H C F S
D E G R E E S
D i 1 a 5m .1 1 2 02 53 0
1 0 . 00 0. 800 74. 033 .86 1730 32. 0710 97. 0420 51. 382 16
1 0 . 00 1 . 01 0 4. 6801 2 .2 5015 .80 0 27 . 1S 20 8 8. 8 31
1Y2
: 2
z
w
& 3
z
a
~ 5
z 6
0
z 8
w
w
~
~
A
m
x
a
8
$
&
a
z
~
n
- ,
L E O NA G R
T H C F S
D E G R E E S
D i 3 a 4m .4 59 01 52 8 03 7 0 6
C A A C I
D I i
Circum. I Area a . Circum. Area Circum. Area
. 0 . 4 c 9 Q 0 6.2832
o 9 1 3.1416
9 16.297 21.135
. 0 . 9 0 8 0 1 6.4795
0 8 7 3.3410
7 16.493 21.648
. 1 . 4 0 7 0 2 1 6
6.6759 7 3
3.5466 16.690 22.166
. 1 . 9 0 6 0 3 3 5
6.8722 0 3.75837 16.886 22.691
. 2 . 9 0 4 0 3 6 2
7.0686 9 3.97610 17.082 23.221
. 3 . 9 0 2 1 7 2 0
7.2649 2 4.20Q07 17.279 23.758
. 4 . 9 0 0 1 8 9 7
7.4613 1 4.43017 17.475 24.301
. 5 . 80 2% 7 5
7.6576 6 4.66641 17.671 24.850
. 6 . 8 0 7 3 2 7 2
7.8540 5 4.90878 17.868 25.406
8.0503 5.1572 18.064 25.967
. 7 . 8 0 5 4 4 9 0
8.2467 0 5.41199 18.261 26.535
. 8 . 8 0 3 6 5 2 7
8.4430 1 5.67273 18.457 27.109
. 9 . 8 0 1 7 7 6 5
8.6394 7 0
5.9396 18.653 27.688
1 . . 0 0 7 9 9 2 9
8.8357 8 1
6.2126
1 . . 1 1 7 1 8 0 1
9.0321 4 5
6.4918 18.850 28.274
1 . . 2 1 7 2 6 9 3
9.2284 6 2
6.7771 19.242 29.465
1 . . 3 1 7 5 4 0 4 3 3 19.635 30.680
1 . . 4 1 7 7 2 9.4248
2 6 5 7 20.028 31.919
9.6211 20.420 33.183
1 . . 5 1 7 9 0 6 8
9.8175 3 5 20.813 34.472
1 . . 6 2 6 2 9 10.014
1 0 6 6 21.206 35.785
1 . . 7 2 6 4 7 10.210
8 1 5 0 21.598 37.122
1 . . 8 2 6 7 5 10.407
6 3 8 8
1 . . 9 3 6 0 3 10.603
6 5 8 0 21.991
2 . . 0 3 6 3 1 10.799
8 7 2 4 22.384
2 . . 1 3 5 7 9 10.996
1 8 2 2 22.776
2 . . 2 4 5 0 8 11.192
5 0 7 4 23.169
11.388 23.562
3A 2 . . 3 4 5 4 6 11.585
1 2 7 9 23.955
2 . . 4 4 5 7 4 11.781
9 4 3 7 24.347
2 . . 5 5 5 1 2 11.977
8 5 4 9 24.740
2 . . 6 5 5 5 0 12.174
9 7 1 4
2 . . 7 6 4 0 8 12.370
1 9 3 2 25.133
2 . . 8 6 4 4 7 5 1 0 4 25.525
2 . . 9 6 4 9 5 10 2 22 12.566.9 5 6 6
25.918
3 . . 0 7 4 3 3 17 4 20 12.962.8 7 6 3
26.311
. 1— 2 13.364. 9 5 9
26.704
3 . . 1 74 18 1 6 53 13.772.4 1 5 5
27.096
3 . . 3 83 78 1 9 63 14.186.6 3 S 2
27.489
3 . . 5 93 49 1 3 43 14.607.0 5 4 8
27.882
3 . 1 7 . 3 1 0 10 6 37 15.033.5 7 4 4
3 . 1 9 . 2 2 7 12 0 37 15.466.2 9 4 1
28.274
4 . 1 1 . 2 3 3 15 3 43 15.904.0 1 3 7
28.667
4 . 1 3 . 1 4 9 18 7 44 16.349.9 3 3 4
29.060
4 . 1 5 . 1 6 6 12 0 43 .0
16.800 5 3 0
29.452
4 . 1 7 . 1 7 2 16 4 47 .1
17.257 7 2 6
29.845
4 . 1 9 . 0 9 8 11 7 47 .5
17.728 9 2 3
30.238
5 . 2 1 . 0 0 5 71 1 35 .9
18.19u 1 1 9
30.631
5 . 2 3 . 0 2 1 31 4 65 5.
18.665 3 1 5
31.023
5 . 2 4 . 9 4 7 01 8 55 3.
19.147 5 1 —— 2
5 . 2 6 . 9 5 4 815.708
1 0 2 31,416
5 . 2 8 . 9 7 0 6 5 1 2 ? 31.809
6 . 2 0 . 8 %
9 415.$04
8 8
6 16.101 3 x 32.201
%
—
301
C A A C I(
D C i i A
r ac r . m C e.i i
uD rA aa c uDr . mC e.i i rA aa c ur .m
o ; 3 2‘ 8 . 45%.. 9~ 55 4 14 2 .1 0 0 ~7 5 6. 1 93 3 .9 8 s 4 O
% 3 2 8 . 69%. 8 55 7 19 2 .0 1 4 X0 4 6. 4 69 3 0. 8 9 8 0
% 3 3 8 . 83%. 7 56 9 16 2 .4 1 8 $3 3 7. 6 80 ’3 2. 9 2 3 96
3 3 3 W. 7.
%A 77 5 2 62 2 .3 1 2 ~7 2 7. 9 0 3 8. 9 6 7 8
% 3 4 9 . 21~. 6 58 5 28 2 .6 2 6 %0 2 7. 2 31 4 S. 0 0 2 7
% 5 3 2 . 2 0 33 1 7. 4 16 4 .5 0 4 6 7
A
1 3 41 9 . 55 .. 5 0 8 3 3 Y 7 1 4 . 1 8 0 6E
% 3 4 9 . 7 91 . 5 52 0 307 2 .5 2 4 6. 0 . 7 9 8
% 3 5 9 . 9 3 %. 4 54 3 30 2 .2 3 82 0 0 7. 0 323 4 3. 1 2 5. 5
% 3 5 1 . 0 7 K 1 3 5. 6 64 2 2. 3 1 % 3 9 7. 2 72 4 1. 2 6 0 4
% 3 6 1 . 0 1 33 2 5. 8 84 2 7. 3 5 X7 A 8 7. 5 31 4 .0 2 0 4 4
% 3 6 1 . 0 5 % 6 2 5. 1 14 2 4. 4 9 90 7 7. 8 53 4 3. 2 4 9 38
3 3 6 1 . 0 9 % 8 A 1 5, 4 45 2 3. 4 3 % 3 7 7. 1 39 4 .8 3 8 3 2
~ 3 7 1 . 1 3 % 0 08 5. 6 75 2 5. 4 7 % 7 6 7. 3 4 4 .5 3 2 8 2
~ 5 6 2 . 5 1 30 58 7. 6 49 4 .5 4 6 3 1
A
1 3 72 1 . 1 6 3. 9 . 9 1 0 % 7 5 4 . 4 0 7 0
% 3 8 1 . 1 01 5 9 5. 2 468 2 7. 5 5 4. 4 . 9 4 7
% 3 8 1 . 1 4 ;7 8 5. 5 86 2 6. 5 92 8 4 7. 1 054 4 2. 5 3 2. 9
% 3 8 1 . 2 8 0 7 5. 7 27 2 8. 6 3 g1 3 7. 4 5 4 .9 5 7 7 9
% 3 9 1 . 2 2 ~2 7 5. 0 7 2 2. 6 7 ?5 2 7. 7 16 4 8. 6 1 1 84
~ 3 9 1 . 2 6 % 5 68 5. 3 18 2 9. 6 1 98 1 7. 9 68 4 .0 6 5 6 76
% 4 0 1 . 2 0 % 7 5 5. 5 68 2 8. 7 5 ?2 1 7. 2 46 4 5 .7 1% 4
7 4 0 1 . 3 4 ?0 48 5. 8 18 2 9. 7 9 % 6 04 7. 5 71 4 .2 7 3 6 6
— % 5 9 2 . 7 2 ?9 9 7. 8 78 4 .1 8 7 1 54
1 4 03 1 . 3 8 2. 4 . 1 7 3 ~ 7 8 4 . 8 1 5 48
; 4 1 1 . 3 21 5 3 5. 3 939 2 .0 8 6— 3. 9 . 0 5 3
4 1 1 . 3 6 % 7 2 6. 6 08 2 .9 8 02 7 8 7. 3 825 4 .7 9 s 0. 4
% 4 2 1 . 4 0 ~0 1 6. 9 50 2 0. 9 4 ~1 7 7. 6 80 4 .4 9 9 5 3
% 4 2 1 . 4 4 % 3 1 6. 2 01 2 .4 9 8 4 6 7. 8 98 5 .3 0 3 0 2
% 4 2 1 . 4 8 ;5 0 6. 4 18 2 .0 9 2 ~8 6 7. 1 96 5 .5 0 7 5 18
s 4 3 1 . 4 1 8 9~ 6. 7 14 3 .9 0 6 % 2 5 8. 4 04 5 .9 1 1 0 1
% 4 3 1 . 5 5 % 1 9 6. 0 2 3 .0 0 0 ~6 4 8. 6 30 5 5 51 50
% 6 2 3 . 1 4 % 0 3 8. 9 02 5 .4 2 8 0 9
1 4 34 1 . 5 9 3. 8 . 2 9 4 ~ 8 1 5 . 2 2 5 88
~ 4 4 1 . 5 32 6 7 6. 5 270 3 .0 1 8 4. 3 . 2 1 6
x 4 4 1 . 5 7 % 9 6 6. 8 34 3 .8 1 22 8 2 8. 5 16 5 0. 3 6 0. 8
% 4 5 1 . 6 1 ~2 6 6. 0 3 3 .0 2 6 % 2 1 8. 7 02 5 6. 3 0 6 7
% 4 5 1 . 6 5 ~5 5 6. 3 41 3 .3 2 0 x6 1 8. 0 02 5 5. 4 4 1 6
~ 4 5 1 . 6 9 % 7 4 6. 6 49 3 .9 3 4 % 0 0 8. 3 20 5 . 6 84 66
? 4 6 1 . 7 3 ~0 34 6. 8 48 3 .7 3 7 Y4 98 8. 5 31 5 .0 5 2 1 52
% 4 6 1 . 7 7 x3 3 6. 1 57 3 .8 3 1 % 8 8 8. 8 31 5 .6 5 6 6 4
& 6 S 3 . 4 5 ~2 8 0, 1 42 5 .5 6 0 2 3
1 4 75 1 . 7 —
1 6. 2 . 4 7 1 % 8 4 5 . 6 4 7 3
% 4 7 1 . 7 52 9 1 6. 7 561 3 .7 4 9— 6. 7 . 3 3 6
% 4 7 1 . 8 9 g2 0 6. 9 6 3 .5 5 32 0 6 8. 6 457 5 .0 7 8 2.2
% 4 8 1 . 8 3 x5 0 6. 2 6 3 6. 5 7 4 % 5. 8 69 54 5 .5 7 2 7 1
~ 4 8 1 . 8 6 % 8 9 6. 5 67 3 9. 5 1 % 8 5 8. 2 58 5 .4 8 6 3 0
% 4 9 1 . 9 0 Y 1 8 6. 7 7 3 5. 6 5 33 42 8. 4 60 5/ .5 8 0 8 08
% 4 9 1 . 9 4 % 4 8 6. 0 87 3 3. 6 9 ;7 3 8. 7 62 5 .8 93 93
7 4 9 1 . 9 8 ‘7 78 6. 3 93 3 3. 7 3 1 A 3 8. 0 65 5 .4 9 7 9 8
~ 6 8 3 . 7 7 ?5 2 8. 2 78 6 .3 0 1 4 74
1 5 06 2 . 0 2 1. 6 . 5 0 6 % 8 7 6 . 1 5 0 7
% 5 0 2 . 0 62 4 5 6. 8 292 3 2. 8 1 0. 1 . 5 1 3
4
2
2 A A C R
Area C i rArea c u m . k
615.75 1 0 6 . 8 1 4
125.664
621,26 1 0 7 . 2 0 7
126.0s6
626.80 1 0 7 . 6 0 0
126.449
632.36 1 0 7 . 9 9 2
126.842
637.94 1 0 8 . 3 8 5
127.23s
643.55 1 0 8 . 7 7 8
127.627
649.18 1 0 9 . 1 7 0
128.020
654.84 1 0 9 . 5 6 3
128.413
706.86
712.76
718.69
724.64
730.62
736.62
742.64
748.69
804.25 119.381
810.54 119.773
816.86 120.166
823.21 120.559
8 2 9 . 5 1 8 1 6 139.801
4 . 1 2 5 5
140.194
140.586
140.979
122.522 141.372
122.915 141.764
123.308 142.157
123.700 142.550
124.093 142.942
124.486 143.335
124.878 143.728
125.271 144.121
303
C A A C I
D C i i r ac
Area u . m Circum.
. Area Area
1 4 4
1661.9 . 5 1 3
163.363 2123.7 182.212 2642.1
1 4 4
1670.9 . 9 0 6
163.756 2133.9 182.605 2653,5
1 4 5
1680.0 , 2 9 9
164.148 2144.2 182.998 2664.9
1 4 5
1689.1 . 6 9 1
164.541 2154.5 183.390 2676.4
1 4 6
1698.2 . 0 8 4
164.934 2164.8 183.783 2687.8
1 4 6
1707.4 . 4 J 7
165.326 2175.1 184.176 2699.3
1 4 6
1716.5 . 8 6 9
165.719 2185.4 184.569 2710.9
1 4 7
1725.7 . 2 6 2
166.112 2195.8 184.961 2722.4
2463.0
2474.0
2485.0
2496.1
1 5 8 . 6 5 1 0 7 7
2507.2 . 5 0 1 0 % . 3 5
177.893 2518.3
178.285 2529.4
178.678 2540.6
—
w14
H A A C R
201.062 ‘ 238.761
201.455 239.154
201.847 X 239.546
202.240 239.939
202.633 i 240.332
203.025 % 240.725
203.418 % 241.117
203.811 % 241.510
204.204
204.596 %
204.989 X
205.382
205.774 %
206.167 %
206.5&l %
206.952 %
3421.2 245.044
3434.2 % 245.437
3447.2 x 245.830
3460.2 ~ 246.222
3473.2 % 246.615
3486.3 % 247.008
3499.4 % 247.400
3512.5 % 247.793
210.487 248.M6
210.879 ; 248.579
211.272 248.971
211.665 % 249.364
212.058 249.757
212.450 ; 250.149
212.843 250.542
213.236 % 250.935
251.327
% 251.720
X 252.113
% 252.506
% 252.898
% 253.291
% 253.684
% 254.076
254.469
% 254.862
X 255.254
255.647
% 256.040
~ 256.433
% 256.825
% 257.218
305
C A A C I
C A A C If
A r
I
-
C A A C I (continued)
; 1 3 2
% 3 9 0
12125 . 3 , 409.19
4 13324
3A 390.74 12150 % 409.59 13350
% % 391.13 12174 ?-’6 409.98 13375
% % 391.52 12199 >~ 410.37 13401
3A 391.92 12223 3A 410.76 13426
% ~8 392.31 12248 % 411.16 13452
C A A C I(
.
1
Dia. I Circurn. I Area Area
—— .I
136. 427.26 14527 142. 446.11 15837
% 427.65 14553 ?~ 446.50 15865 %
x 428.04 14580 x 446.89 15893 X
428.44 14607 ?~ 447.29 15921
%
% 428.83 14633 ?4 447.68 15949 %
% 429.22 14660 96 448.07 15977 %
% 429.61 14687 3A 448.46 16005
% 430.01 14714 448.86 16033
—
309
C A A C I(
?
Dia. Circum. Area Dia. Circum. Area Dia. Circum. Area
I
I
311
C A A C I(
?
Dia. Circum. Area Dia. Circum. Area Dia. Circum. Area
.. C
3
F
II .— .—.
I
t
\ Y
H Z O O Of N P iT E AN
l FIL V
N EG RO OT PI CE RAN L I N
N O 1 TA l El mc Sa tsa : e rr t i ab. l e o en l
2 A w 3 ec ol /ln f t w id .8ni l u s oe l ”u s e l t d
3 T d h ba ht v ae a gei s. exae ttcd i ese nnfs ldss e i tc v t e i o n
4 U d s l ar i i rev noe t .qi sgw uo t t hiu sori hm e a s hdi t s nn h eg e f
5 F f r e uq oou ep s dn e t.i nplrae yri etn vhinge
f dg e ,i r r t e s d o
STIFFENER I l I >
313
FIXED STAIR
F s i wt bx pa ir e i w
o rdvol h ip s ed nelr eeae cdtr eri s o eest n i gstbr a u et a l el t eva w vre e e el l
F s i t a s x i b rdh ewe at sa cd y i as llga o nf l reto e dt iri n a o oylm v l hrd a e inf meot si a cv e i al p a e
b n l e t u t vec h a mea s t oacrr o vns cr n eli on oytn 1 r oa gp t , e o d a 0u n 0d d f 0s .
M i wn i2i i m d n u t m
c h h : e 2 s
A o ns t gra t i t l rhi owe r ai sfhzy 5o dn ete ao gel :r e e s0 .
R a s i bl ph i r n aoo gt v osI i s d l op ehai e ed dxe s n pt eel a no Hi sra wnefs al d dby rh s a . i a l
p r oo a lv oi e ds oe nac d i sl s tcn oa td pti srre ew eof at fe ydr r s sa , i bd ehl sigy c e hnnd de i t n
E t aa r n oesc bns rah he i a da sn l doi lpgn - ar elb s lie s y t a n t .
S ht taa orvil tei r n ena si h n w
gd e s s s-ai i hhf ns do noc r ha t u ipo lhsgv deepr t rae nset y i.
t ar d e e sf a oir rd u sa st bot lse a e i i d r e s .
S f fi m eg i dun io m
i r eemB ne suY 0iro m
oB n hl s . 7 o ot 1sl l i e 6t s 0
A b a us l e rh sn d r ab rhl g ser am
d e po l sv el de .
K - -
A t n g R l i e T o Rsr e e ua d n
H o r i z (o i n tn a cl i { h i en e cn i ~ h e an )
3 0 °
7
HINGE
+iii’’”k-w
ICl
b
N
F l a
O
p u is t
E T L
npg ii hl t s o dia n o o t s
UW GE
n s e
T L-B D AF
L E L ID A N
w c h i ob oeuv Wl e nl t per e u s d l g. d s
t f l w a f n p i eg un e towt s r l a e ht i lol n d .
T u o d p h ar s et h vf ei e sir e npr f ete gc d i e a ol , l y
f f r e u q ou pe s en tn l rie y n g ds , D .
I
A = ~ – ( RR / a 2) 2
B = ~ R – ( 1R +t / / 2 2 1 + 6
c = R + 2!4 – A
D = R+ 2’/2 – B
R s R ao f d l i a u n s g f e
r = t di i am
o mh - e e ot s e r l f e
D i ao hm =e to e r l f e
P d i a+ 1I
i m1 i e t en r n 6 .
L U W GE T L-F DLB EA DN
T H I C Kt ON LE S AND
S U, DIAMETER
G OF
F PINS
S
R A TI I N G
1 5 I 0 # 300*
3 3 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 4 / 3 4 / 3 4 / 3 4 / 3 4 / 3 4 / 14 / 4
F DIAM.L 12 G1 1 . ] 2 2 14 1 6 18 10 2 4 2 2 4
3 3 1 / 1 / 1 14 3 4 3 1 / 1 / 1 1 14 4
R A T
I I N G 900*
I I
I
- .“
LADDER
S S I T D E E PT H RS O UT G HE
2 in. min. 7 2 in. min. 4
3 in. max. 0 30 in. max.
SIDE R
[note
N O T E S
u
1 in
M IST E XT R A CT OR
d - C
Q e t ‘ m
4
d - A B
T Y
O M P E XE
I T R S AS C FT OT R S
\ I
D E– A T A I L D E– C T A
S U PO PM OE X
RI T TR AS C F
T OT R S
U 6I 1 beam
s 2support in .center
e of mist
5 extractor, when the diameter is greater
than 6 ft.
SPECIFICATION
THICKNESS OF PAD ~>, 6 >!
THICKNESS OF WIRE .011“ .01 1“
WIRE
MESH MATERIAL OF WIRE TYPE 304 S.S. TYPE 304 S.S.
DENSITY lb./Cu. ft. 9.0 5.0
PRESSURE DROP 0.5” TO 1“ WATER GAGE
MATERIAL CARBON STEEL
BEARING BAR 1“x3/1 6“ lx3/16°
G R IC R
BD O AS S % R Y4qi 4
B E AB RS IP NA GC I 3NR -G 9 3/ 1 1 - 6
C R
B S O P A
S C S I N
R 4 G 4 “
W E l I bf G . H
/ sTt q5 . . .7 7.
W O
I O DS ET N
C HT I F 1O
E N 21 “2
-’317
NAME PLATE
Pressure vessels built in aemrdanee with the requirements of the Code maybe
stamped withtheofficialsymbol ”U”todenoteTheAmerican SocietyofMechanieal
Engineers’ standard.
Pressurevessels stamped with the Code-symbolshall bemarkedwith the following:
1. manufacturer’sname;preeededwiththe words:“eertifledby”;
maximumallowableworkingpressure,(MAWP)psiat temperature,°F;
minimumdesignmetaltemperatureat pressure,psi;(MDMT)
manufacturer’sserialnumbeq(S/N)
“yearbuilt
Abbreviationsmaybe usedasshownin parenthesis.
2. theappropriateabbreviationsindicatingthe typeofccmstruction,sexvice,etc.
as tabulated:
Wheninspectedbya user’sinspector USER
Arcor gaswelded w
LethalseMce L
Unfiiedsteamboiler UB
Directfting DF
Fullyradiographedand UW-ll(a) (5)not applied RT 1
JointsA & D fullyradiographed;UW-1l(a) (5)(b) applied RT 2
Spotradiographed RT 3
WhenRT1,RT2or RT3are not applicable RT 4
Postweldheat treated HT
Partof the vesselpostweldheat treated PHT
Nonstationa~PressureVessels NPV
1.S y
“UM” s m b u hb w to asv hl i el e x hs efl e iesm dn nrpse[ pet Ule eCo cs- d t oli mo( nd k )e ]
2 F v em os o 8sa fa 9e n 5 ld, sr iYs % ntt cuYe oe n, k ea 0 mhedil ms0e slap fln, sa d ett aeheh fti s bco ke r nsey e l s l sr
Mi n p n a a[ p r a .oema tf r h e ;ie rec C kr s U
lne ee 1dos Ls e5n slTd . ( - e c 1 )
— -
N P A L MA E
T E
USER C E R BT I F I E D Y
E X A M P L E
ml
W R 1 -
OMEGA TANK CO.
MAWP250
b
650°F
MDMT 650°F at 250 psi
S/N-19560
1996
L T
( v
e r
Tw
e
v
i s n h s sb pau eee sc l t e es
inspector,arc welded,usedin lethal
s i c e ,
dr
H T
[
used
on skirts, supports, etc., it shall be marked: “Duplicate”.
Letteringsizes b nh l ta 5 e ol ih h / l s T aei Ct 3no s gd n e h -a2h s s y. m. ne b e onur l
mi ba d
s b sh t
at om l pd t emlh dbhea s , t e atee mr t c pac o eyih dm a e e p, rd se , s s te dr .
Commonlyu m as f t n e e pr a0i o l dai s lma. t as r t i ne3o n1t e li ce2e s .as s)e rnt l b e r 8o e
T n p ash l b sh ma w ae etet eu lln e i a dnl v s eeu oel l mda st o eoo sudb ner i t al e c r d k h e n
v ie i n s s aus ll ea o ti lscen d sea , ot e dp md nl n a e ae c nl w
m e lia a ; qye rs u v, i
c o l n g t e ra a ov5 bf l ag ,e og be l r ue o, o t vtu t ne c d .
318
PLATFO RM
Conforms
jA%’&l/4
IF
7
tiANORAl L POST
ANGLE 2x2x3/8
MI DRAIL
BAR 2.1/4
P l a s t bf fh o a r b a mir s is l ce a c lt t e e id o n n s
i n e c s e u s fis sat hra f yiab o p l pe i n nr g d
f e ir e ec t li o dn .
P l a f t a f b o ri r is mc e as sct et hdi o a nn s l l -
S E C A –T A I O N
b s f hi m t aota kre e npkd on,e c d k ed d
d f so h i wpo p in n gr .
4
Clearance
A f c io n l ne ae ct l tb ibl o d onr s l t I ee od e .
$
M a n u f sa c f t hu u r 1e rar e n l ix 0 sl t h rCHECKERED
% aPLATE
-— -——. —r—— ——-
b o oe s l af i st czp s oa fe h r s e r .
A b a u s l re h n sr d a lb hsr g r d ae p les l e -
1/4 BENT PLATE
m o v e d .
P ao si cn hpn t or e: oi xm
ae pce tre , p t
w a s lu kr fi a n c ge s .
M
M
D
s
o
s
9r
pa o as
pa o a h
6 # di
ucx
xca
nh rl/ i c
p6i f p n.
npi
o g r
d.n 6 ofr g
aolh e i c1 l k ne
a s if
t f s
$---+Fl l tt
re e CHANNEL
n d
s
.
6x8.2
.
p f le 1a s a of t a oc e f q r rt l h oe0 . o . a r f .
B 1 o@ l / t s 2 A L T E R N S A UT I P V PE O
B h 9o o $ l/l e 1t s 6
SKIRT OPENINGS
1/4 IN CONTINUOUS
FI L LET WE LO
/ INSIOE ANO
VENT HOLES
I s e o h my d ri o occ oa n r e b to nf s h
c o m b lu s i t oi q bg lu et ai ds s
s sk b i hp rr a owt v m l s i i dli e e tnd
m o t 2 ui v w nh mel o cf o nl
c a ah a pt i o e1s dgs d ei sbgh8 l rs e
a pT av hr ehst o c . h nl l e ae t e
h i n e s u Fl aas t ilm od bone . e a v
u c os ou p p e l i i dnp g e r
ACCESSOPENINGS
PIPE
OPENING The shape of openings may
be circular o any other shapes. r
Circular openings are used
most frequently with pipe o bent
plate sleeves. The projection of
sleeve equals t thickness of
h
fireproofing minimum 2 inches.
The projection of sleeves shall be
increased when necessary for rein-
forcing the s under
k certain
i load- r t
ing conditions.
D i a( m
= 1 e it6 D e n -r c 2 )h
&uD
PIPE OPENiNGS
VORTEX BREAKER
T p u o rh v p o b o rr se ei tet a e ek l f eix t m
r u si n n d ae shvsto ioe r r ao t b eel ex
l i q u i d s .
C a r f l o a btn s- a pa fslf ar f d te lequr ue we s nas wt eil o yiet t d dt i thw mh
n od i z a m z e l t ee r .
F a h d oi eo e gf fg e r cr tu ei h v sene n es fsd wsv c i e oe r n lr dt iiwe tn oi gi o h n ds
t b sa hhfb f of t ul ote i nel moudd i hz ea rTmz hs e l teea ee h itr b o. g ou h e h tv t
s h b a o h bu t lno a dod u hi lze abt z m m f leb e s t e u e ia r v ni er tc er y qha e u le i
—.
——
l ac l r e f ago r rea t ne or cah e s eo rn r s .
q
.
.
—
-
.
.
..
—
—
V
—
O
—
———
62!!3R
,
-
T OE LX
-
—
-
@
—
—
.
—.
— —
II N Q G U
—
I
#
DF $
—
—
-
2D 2D O = D I A O MP E T I E R
tl tl
+
+
GRATING’
I
F--i 1 1 1 I
I
I
I
3
-
D
>
u
r r i 1
% G R
I
AB TA I FN FG
F A LC R
PAN L
O
B T AA
S DF S
TF L E E S
M a t 1 ec r ai s a /pr l t :ob lg e or 4w
a ean x t 1 li i b e - n tr ag1 rh / s8 .
PART III.
2. Dimensions............................................................................................ 334
of Heads, Flanges, Long Welding Necks, Welding Fittings,
ScrewedCouplings.
6. ConversionTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
DecimalsofanInch, Decimalsofa FooCMetricSystem,Inches
to Millimeters,Millimetersto Inches, Square Feetto Square
Meters, Square Meters to Square Feet, Pounds to Kilograms,
Kilograms to Pounds, U.S. Gallon to Liters, Liters to U.S.
Gallons,PoundsperSquareInches to KilogramperCentimeter,
KilogramperCentimetertoPounds perSquareInch,Degreesto
Radius,Minutesand Secondsto Decimalsofa Degree,Centi-
322
P P
S c hn eu da m w
u b l ed ee e n sir i gsga n i aha dt gi tor nr we s e A m iBe -e N
1-n-n.fortt 3 S h
c aa ar s bl pn to al A nei o B d e N 1npy f 3sl tSe as d6 io pI nt l . i ee9 s r p s e e l
Sched e No. Wall
Weigh[ o In- u tWeight w
- 3 Inside Trans-
Desig- side side t per ; $urfac( verse
& alloy nation diam. diam. foot ft.
per ft. area
s in. in. lb. iq. ft. Sq. ft. sq. in.
lb.
.405 . ,049
3 .186 0.03!20 7
.106 .0804 .0740
‘ 4 S .405
0 . .068
2s 6.0246 9
.106 .0568
80 8 X - .405
0 s . t .095
$ g
S ?. .0157
1 5
.106 .0364
-
... .410 .065 .330 , 0 .1073
5 7 0
40 4 S 0 .364 .088s .424 . 0 4
.0955 5 1
80 8 X - 0 s .30s!t g
.119S .
.535 . 0 3
.0794 1 0
1 0 .545 . s 0
.423 6 .177 5
.1497 .2333
“ 4 S 0 t .493 d s .567: .177 ,1295 .1910
80 8 X-stg. 0 .423 S .738 .177 .1106 .1405
1 1 0 . 3 s 1.404
1 5 .344 , 92 8 4
“ 40s std. 1 . 3 1.678
1 5 .344 . ,2 87
80 80S 1 . 3 2.171
1 5 .344
. . .. .... 1 . 3 2.561
1 5 .344
140 ... . 1 . 3 2.850
1 5 .344
... ... 1 . 3 3.659
1 5 .344
... 1 0
1.900 .109 s 2 .
.9630 0
.497 8
.4403 5
2.221
40 4 1 0 . 9 s
.145 20 . 0
.8820 7
.497 1
.4213 7
2.036
80 8 1 0 . 9 S
.200 30 . 0
.7648 6
.497 3
.3927 1
1.767
160 ... 1 . .281
9 40 . 0
.6082 8
.497 6
,3519 2
1.405
... ... t. 9 .400 60 . 0
.4117 4
.497 0
.2903 8
.950
1 2.375
0 2 .109
. s 2.638
1 1.583
5 .622
7 ,5647 3.654
.40 40s 2.375 2 .154
. 3.652
0 1.452
6 .622
7 .5401 3.355
... 2.375 2 .167
. 3.938
0 1.420
4 .622
1 .5360 3.280
I
323
P R O P EO RP T ( I EIt Sc Po . Fn E ’ )
S
Nom- V eOutsidt i Insideg Wallh t
Weighi ) u Inside t Trans-s i
inal ; Stain- iesigm diam. diam. thick- per u rsurfac f verse a c
pipe k a less ion in. in. ness foot ) f e t
per ft. area
size t steels in. “lb. q f Sq. ft. t
sq. in.
. 2.375 . .188 .
4.380 1.363 .622 .5237
2 “ 80s X-stg. 2.375 .218 5.022 1.279 .622 .5074
‘
! ,, ... 9.375 .250 5.673 1.196 .622 .4920
,.. .., 2.375 .312 6.883 1.041 .622 .4581
i ... 9,375 .343 7.450 .767 .622 .442$!
. . . ... : X2.375 - s .436t g
9.029 .769 .622 ,3929
1 0
2.875 2.635 . s 3 1 2 . 2 ..753 30
5.6900 63
5.453 0
.40 4 0
2.875 2:469 .203s 5 2 . ..753 7.6462
0 79
4.788 2
1 ,.. 2.875 2,441 .217 6 2 , ..753 1.6381
0 26
4.680 6
21 80 8 0
2.875 2.323 S
,276 7 1 . ..753 6.6095
8 36
4.238 4
160 ... 2.875 .375 1 ..753 5
.5564 3
3.547 5
... ... 2.875 .552 13.69 1 ..753 0
.4627 6
2.464 7
3 .. . ....
..,
3.500
3.500
254
.289
8.80
9.91
3.06
2.91
.
.
.785 9
.765 9
7.050
6.700
1
1
“80 S < - 3.500 s t .300g 0.25. 2.86 . .761 9 6.605 1
... ... .... 3.500 .312 0.64 2.81 . .753 9 6.492 1
... .... 3.500 .406 3.42 2.46 . .704 9 5.673 1
;60 ... . .. 3.500 .438 4.32 2.34 . .687 9 5.407 1
... ... X -3.500 s t .600g 8.58. 1.80 . .601 9 4.155 1
6.06 1.105
... ... . 4 . ,165 7.64. 5.99 1.093
4 .188 8.56 5.80 1.082
324
P R O P EO RP T I( E It S c Po .F n E ’ )
Schedule No.
Nom- )utsidt , w \ a w ll [ tl Trans-
inal ‘arbor ;tain- liam- l ~ater Urliice ; verse
pipe alloj ess rt. in. ]er ft. )er area
size eels teels sq.
... 1 0
5.563 5.295 s
.134 7.770 9.54 1.456 1.386 22.02
40 40s 5.563 5.047 .258 14.62 8,66 1,456 1.321 20.01
. 5.563 4.859 .352 19.59 8.06 1.456 1.272 18.60
80 80S 5.563 4,813 .375 20.78 7.87 1,456 1.260 18.19
5 ... 5.563 4,688 .437 23.95 7.47 1.456 1.227 17.26
120 ... 5.563 4.563 .500 27.10 7.08 1.456 1.195 16.35
160 ... 5.563 4.313 .625 32.96 6,32 1.456 1,129 14,61
... ... 5.563 4.063 .750 38.55 5.62 1.456 1.064 12.97
... 1 .., . 0
8,625 .148
s 13.40 23.6 2.26 2.180 54.5
... ... .... 8.625 .158 14.26 23.6 2.26 2.178 54.3
.. ... .... 8.625 .165 14.91 23.5 2.26 2.175 54.1
8 ... ... .... 8.625 .188 16.90 23.2 2.26 2.161 53.5
... . .... ,
8.625 .203. 18.30 23.1 2.26 2.152 53.1
... , .,. .
8.625 .219. 19.64 22.9 2.26 2.148 52.7
P R O P EO RP T (I E It Sc Po .F n E ’ )
Schedule No.
Nom Weight )utsid :nsi de Weight 01 Outs id Inside Trans-
inal Iarbon ;tain - designa liam - iiam. thick- per water iurface surface verse
pipe i alloy ess tion !l in. ness foot per ft. >er ft. )er ft. mea
size teels teels in. lb. pipe It ;q. ft. iq. ft. $q.
0 9.960
. .395
7 43.68
5 33.70 2.8 I 2.61 77.9
80S 0 9.750
. .500
7 54.74
5 32.30 2.81 2.55 74.7
... 0 9. .531
7 57.98
5 31.90 2.81 2.54 73,7
.. , 0 . .593
7 64.40
5 31.10 2,81 2,50 71.8
.,. .... 0 , .718
7 77,00
5 29.50 2.81 2.44 68.1
.,, 0 . .750
7 80,10
5 29.10 2.81 2.42 67.2
1 ...
...
,,.
...
.219
.238
29.3
31.8
51.7
51,5
2 3.34
3.34 3.22
3,22
119.1
118.5
.256 33.4 51.3 3.34 3.12 118.0
326
P R O P EO RP T I[ E It S c Po .F n E ’ )
S~hel t No.
Nom Weight Outsidt I w ~t’eighat Mt.01 )l I l rrans-
inal ~isrbOr t iesigne jiam- ~ thi~ k- per v u u erse
pipe allo) lion n. ness root Irea
size eels in. lb: q. in.
, . . .. . .
I4.000 t 3.624 .188 28 53.4 3.67 3 .
. I4.000 I 3,560 .220 32 53.0 3.67 3 .
I4.000 13.524 .238 35 52.5 3.67 3 .
1 I4.000 13.500
0 .250 37 52.1 3.67 3 .
I4.000 13.375 .312 46 50.8 3.67 3 .
Std. I 4.000 I 3.250 .375 55 59.7 3.67 3 I .
S~hedule No.
Nom Weight u Inside w tVe aI wt. o’ l
)utsid [ l r
iniil ;tain - designa ~iam. thick- per urface ; ‘
pipe ess in. ness foot )er ft.
size (eels in. lb; Jipe II q. ft. q ft.
.. ... , 5 . .188
0 0 0 4.20 192.0
... 5 . 0
.238 0 0 4.20 1W.o
5 . .250
0 0 0 4.20 189.0
Schedule No.
~utsidi, Inside
. per water surface surface verse
alloy ‘less tion in. in. ness foot per ft. per ft. per ft.
:eels s
1 ... .... 0
... ,
.
... ...
. ..
... ...
... ...
... ... ....
... ....
... ....
... ....
... ....
. .. ....
.
.
.... ....
. .
... .
... .... ....
... .... .
.... .... 6 4 . 3
. .... 2 42 .3 . 0. 7033 1 07 1686 66 2. 4 . 9
. 239
2 2 42 0 .3 . 0, 9023 1 05 7680 63 5. 4 . 5
. 22 8
. . ..
... .
. . .... ,
.... ....
I
329
P R O P EO RP T (I E It Sc Po .F n E ’ )
-
S
a tain-
Weight
iesigna
n
i
ws
t a
i a
Veight
)er mv
d of
wt. 1 e
)lutside
urfa~e.
n
u
l ‘
1 2 2 4 0 . 1 0 . 0 141.4
80 6.28
1 5,33
2
2 140 .. . . . 2 4 . 0 0 134.4
0 6 5.20. 2
I .... .... 2 4 . 0 0 130.9
0 6 5.14. 2
160 .... .... k ? 4 . 0 0 127.0
0 6 5.06. 2
I
?30
X2 , , , ,
, , ,
x: ,,!
, , ,
, , ,
w A-* I
l-lmm *
w q I N.tl-l ,
z
-
0
- N mq
0 !
, , ,, , ,, , ,
, , ,
,), , , ,
O
-
, , *, ,, ,, ,, , ,
, , , ,, , ,, , u) q, q
, , , ,, , ,,
,), , , ,
, , , ,, ,* ,,
,,, ,, , ,
—
I
a
;
— i
332
.I
.1518 .604
. 0
.4477 .229 I 6 .1977 0.522 .755 698 I.159 .1536
7/8 .055 .4596 .2291 .2003 .482 .765 717 1.144 .1417
7/8 .050 .4717 .2291 .2029 .441 .775 736 1.129 .1296
1 .150 .3848 .2618 .1833 1.362 .700 600 1.429 .4006
1 .135 .4185 .2618 .1911 1.247 .730 653 1.370 .3669
1 .125 .4418 .2618 .1964 1.168 .750 689 1.333 .3436
1 .110 .4778 .2618 .2042 1.046 .780 745 1.282 .3076
1 .105 .4902 .2618 .2068 1.004 .790 764 1.266 .2952
1 .095 .5153 .2618 .2121 .918 .810 804 1.235 .2701
I .085 .5411 .2618 .2: 73 .831 .830 844 1.205 .2443
1 .075 .5675 .2618 .2225 .741 .850 885 1.176 .2179
1 .065 .5945 .2618 .2278 .649 .870 927 1.149 .1909
1 .060 .6082 .2618 .23(M .602 .880 949 r. 136 .1772
1 .055 .6221 .2618 .2330 .555 .890 970 1.124 .1633
1 .050 .6362 .2618 .2356 .507 .900 992 1.1[ 1 .1492
● Liquid velocityin feet/second : pounds per tube per hour
Cxs g l
S gravity
w F= C o cu H r Et X
Ee ! Cs I HyN
A AS N
!T TGI TE
I I
333
PROPERTIES OF TUBING
W w W M
E I (
T l S S L L L v
BWG ness ,Area per C S T C — V
I L L Inches C“ ID ,
I I I
i8 [ i2 I1 I6 . 6 1 ,1 3 0 . 0 74 . 0 76 .0 68 l 3 35 1 4 8, .8 g 7 [ 6 5
/8 [2 I0 . I , 1 .1 3 .16 9 . 0306 .601 5 6
666 ,4o7 28 5 [ 5 1. 0 5 7
/8 13 , . 0 1. 9.14 .168 5 . 1365 . 366 ,8 59 ~1 46 1 3 3 [ .3 3 8 4 5 5
/8 14 . . 0 1. 816[~ . 65 3 f , 355 . 3 65 ,2 4 2 24 44 1 8 8 1.5 5 0 3 49
/8 1 , . 0 .1 718[ 5 . 61 ~2 , 374 ,5 64 .6 49 28 44 . I. 2 5 18 3[ 2 5 1
1 [ . , 0 .1 6.189 6 .162 5 . 2344 . 964 .2 36 34 44 1.2638 3 I144
90 9 5
/8 [7 . , 0 2. ( 5.1 3 .16 38 . 3353 . 364 8. 3 30 53 1 5 0. .0 1 1 1 2 9
i8 18 , . I0 . 2 4.1 1 .16 9 . 5383 . 863 .2 30 34 59 1 0 4, .2 4 1 0 1 7
/8 19 . . 0 2
.I6 4. 2 ,1 932 . 4 92 . 1 26 .8 26 39 55 [ 16 8. 4 5 2 0 5 1
!8 20 . . 0 .2 3.14 ,161 5 . 439~ . 562 .4 23 35 50 1 2 1. .5 7 1 0 1 5
!3 ~ . . 0 .2 21[5 ~ . 64 84 . 331 .9 62 9. 10 30 55 — 1 7 4. .6 9 9 0 0 9
/4 1 . . 1 .1 3118 0 . 92 4~ 1 659 .6. 3 6. 0 82 2 041 1 8 5 . .8 8 2 2 5 2
/4 1 I~ , 2. ( .1 3 1 .19 4 o . 3638 . 339 8. 85 32 50 [ 0 0. .1 1 7 2 4 0
/4 12 . , 1 .~ 0.1~ .192 9 . 3638[ . 93 1. 873 3 53 1 4 5. 3. 4 6 2 4 2
/4 13 . . 0 .2 9.14 .196 5 , 4637 . 637 2. 6 35 54 I.6 8, 6 835 1 0
/4 [4 , , 0 .2 81[6 . 97 35 . 696 .2 [36 4. 9 47 5 54 1 4 [ 8. 1 9 2 7 4
/4 15 . . 0 .2 7.[
18 . 98 ~5 , 645 —.8 35 —6. 57 469 —8 [ 2 4 4—
. . 53 1 1 2 — 6
/4 16 I .
/4 17
I
‘;: 19
l/4 20 I
1/4 22 .
/8 10
8
~/8 12
)/8 13
7/8 14
7/8 15 I
7/8 16 — —
7/8 17
7/8 [8 I .777 740 .
7/8 19
7’/8 20 1
7/8 22
1 , . . 1 1 1 1 .
1 , . , . 1 1 1 1 .
I . , . 1 1 1 1 I
[ . . . I 1 1 . . 22
[ . . 0 .5 .284 .266 3 .1138 . 889 8. 83 28 86 1 7 . 3. 53 21 4
L 1 . . 0 .5 .277 5.265 2 .~[57 —, 488 7. 17 1 8 8 1 4 . 5.—94 21 6
—
1 16 .065 .5945 . .2 .26 . 217 . 787 0. 68 49 8 14 0 .[7. 29 1 90
[ [ . . 0 .6 .251 7.263 8 . 3186 . 186 3. 54 69 86 81 5 . 8. 54 11 4
i [ . . 0 .6 .243 8.269 9 . 3105 . 685 4. 41 69 92 91 7 . 0. 98 11 2
I [ . . 0 .6 ,245 9.269 2 . 3104 . 984 6. 48 19 98 31 00 [I. 0 2 0 26
I 20 .035 . .6 ,27 .269 . 4133I . 38 9. 435 1 93 61 01 . 3. I 1 5 01 0
1 ~ . . 0 .6 ,229 [ 1! 692 8 . 193 —4. 83 1. 27 13 97 9I. 01 . 4 10 09 4
—
W o m — . c
‘ v f = p s w f
Cxs g l 9 A 1
7 A 7
S g w F z
7 A 1
T S P t Sa 3- i 1 t n 0 l . ee 4 s 0 es
C o ou H r Et X
Ee Cs I Hy N
A AS N
f T TG
I TE U T E
I
334
H
F v e o so s a m em l ra e ds n dli af i elm l ueld it mhpe s raoe s iu d ama l s r d o se se
c o m w m o l hn dl a yi , avr l me a ge esu t sse eb eur r w lua h sel m
ii l i e s ylpo th e tr i ch a l
f l a a d n ih g n s ee hda e dd ds .
S T R FA IL G A H N
T G E
On the following pages the data of the most commonlyused heads are listed.
Thedimensionsof flangedand dishedheadsmeetthe requirementsof ASMECode.
W E O IH G ES Ht A Tab eDeb gF o iSlp n e3n e ia s n g g7 n e 4
V O O LH U ES M p A E 4 De Fa! S 1e w 6
n D
H E M I S P H E R I C A= Li
h
D= i
h
d
S
nd
eo
ih
Y
nd
se
MU
ha
os ed
B I OTS
ed ds
i o pF &
LT
di D ht e
.
SEA
s eh
H B D L N EE
i s ao hi m e med i ts epae h eer lr il c i afnpl s
au d t d i s aso i A
m , de f etS l e &ar M n
fa h fd
o
L(R) = i nr sa o d i d o d iA i eu f S sl &a fM nh
d ih s a e u h i af e s o ddrf im
e s n u ts l doe a n
o e x pt re e r s n s a ur l r e .
E L L I P S O I M=
D A L
f au ci f sto rof em
i r nu pdtl orea n e sr s n s
r = ~ k ~n m u od cA
l k fi ~ lS l &
eu da Mnsi g sf E e
.
t = w t h ai cn k o ln o m
em s i l s nn, i a m l u mr
D
A F SL A NM
D G I E E SD &H AE D D
1 M EL I N I S 1N O LN
C S H E N
WALLTHICKNESS
D
3 % / 8 3A 1
L( 1 1R 1 ) 2 2 2
r 1 .1 1. 1 25 . 508 07 5
14 2 . 2.750 6 2 2 . 59
h 3 8
M 1 . 1 5 . 6 3 9
L( 1 15
R 14 )1 5 4
r 1 . 1.500 1 1.875 2 2 5 . 2 5 0
16
h 2 . 2.875 7 3.188 5 3 0 . 3 7 5
M 1 1.54
. 1.44
6 1 5 . 3 6
L( 1 1R 1 )1 8 1 6 5 5 8
1 .1 1. 1 25 . 2 50 8 . 2 0 72 . 556 02 5
18 2 . 8 3 7 .3 5 5.3
; 67 . 356 02 5
M 1 1.56
. 1 7 1. 5 1.41
.4 36 9
L (R) 1 1 1 1 8 18 8 1 8 8 8
20 r 1 .1 2. 1 55 . 2 00 8 . 2.6,250 72 3 55 . 00 0 0
h 3 .3 5. 3 05 . 3 06 7 . 4.063 3 58 4 07 . 52 5 0
M 1 1. 1. 6 1 .6 9 1.41
. 52 1 42 . 6 3 6
T
L (R) 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0
r 1 .1 3. 1 75 . 2 50 8 . 2 0 72 . 3 556 . 3 020 . 50 3 0
22
h 3 .3 6. 4 88 . 4 810 . 4 301 . 4 083 . 4 815 . 306 0
M 1 1. 1. 7 1 .6 2 1 . 55 1. 56 1.4 0 .34 39
L (R) 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 24 4 24 4 4
r 1 .1 5. 1 05 . 2 00 8 . 2 0 72 . 3 556 . 3 020 .3 503. 0
24
h 3 .3 8. 4 78 . 4 510 . 4 301 . 4 083 . 4 875 .5 56 8. 3
M 1 1. 1. 7 1 .7 5 1 . 65 1. 5 5 1.5 8 1 .40 . 46
336
D I M E N S I OO NHEADS
S F
A D I M EL I N I S IN O LN
C S H E N S
W T A
H I C LK N EL S S
~
D Y 5/8 3A % 2 1 l% l;~ i
L (R) m-
1
T
.1
24
6.1.875 262
2 2
52.2
2
52.3
2
56,3
42
020.3
4
503.4
4
07.
26
; 4 .4 5.4.50C 044 03.4 86.5 88.5 870.5 501.5 083.
M 1 1 , 1.65
. 7 1 7 21 . 21 . 5 1 . 5 61 . 4 01 . 4 6 . 3
L (R) 2 2 2 2 6 24 62 62 62 2 4
28 r 1 .1 7.1 572. 058.2.625 0
27 3 5 5.
3 00.3 034. 07.
h 4 .4 8.4 174. 357.5.375 095 5 3 0 .
5 85.5 66. 388.
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 2 .1 6 2 1 . 6 9 1 . 5 01 . 4 01 . 4 6 . 3
L (R) 3 30 30 3 0 30 30 3 03 3
1 1.875
. 8 72 5. 2.625 2 3.000 5 3 0 .3 34. 2 77
30 : 4 .4.813 84 75, 58.5.125 01 5.375 03 5 0 .5 55. 07.
M 1 . 1 7 1 . 51 . 7 1 . 6 51 . 6 5 1 . 5 01 . 5 4 . 4
L( 3 30R 30 3) 03 3 3 03 03 0
r 2 2.000
. 02.000 02 0.2 2.3 56.3 020.3 5034. 077.
32 h 5 5.500
. 55.375 65 3.5 5.5 066. 028.6 5016. 031.
M 1 1.72. 1.72 7 1 21 . 1 . 6 1 . 6 51 . 5 01 . 5 4 . 5
L( 3 3R 3 3) 43 43 03 03 030 0
2 .2 1.2 212. 521.2 52.3 56.3 020.3 5034.125
. 077
34 ; 5 .5 5.6 656. 30.6 0.6 601.6 383.6 8146.813
. 36
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 51 . 6 5 1 . 6 9 1 . 6 5 1 . 5 01 . 5 4 . 4
L( 7 FR 3 3) 3 3 63 63 63 6
r 2 .2 2.2 52.2 052.2 052.3 056.3 020.3 5034. 07.
36 h 5 .5 9.5 385. 878.5 571.6 539.6 031.6 823.6 515.
M 1 1 . . 7
1.75 1 7 51 . 51 . 7 1 . 6 5 1 . 6 91 . 5 2 . 5
E 3 3 3 3 63 63 63 63 63 6
r 2 .2 3.2 732. 573.2 537.3 756.3 520.3 503.4 07.
38 h 535.6
6 .6 5.6 046. 033.6 837.6 7546. 876.7 539.
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 21 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 6 2 1 . 6 91 . 6 2 . 5
E 4 4 3 3 03 03 63 63 63 6
r 2 .2 5.2 05.2 05.2 005,3 06.3 020.3 503.4 07.
40 h 6 .6 6.6 25.7 569.7 330.7 80 .7 01.7 023.7 514.
M 1 1 . 1 . 6 1 . 6 91 . 6 9 1 . 6 9 1 . 6 9 1 . 6 91 . 5 2 . 5
L( z 4 R? i ) - 4 0 3 3 0
42 r 2 .2 6.2.625 262,625 522 5.; 6 3.375 2 3 5 .::125 7
h 7 .7 1.7.063 817.000 827 5,7 0.7.125 018 02.8.125 50
M 1 1 . 1.72
. 7 1.727 2 1 21 . 1.56
. 7 1 6 2 1.48 . 5 5
L( 4 4R 4 4) 24 24 2 42 24 24 2
r 3 .3 0,3 0.3 00.3 00.3 00.3.375 0003 00.4 07.
48 h 8 .8 0,8 07.8 056.8 086.8 825.8.625 5658 30.9 08.
M 1 1 . 1 . 6 1 . 6 9 1 . 6 9 1 . 6 9 1.62 . 6 91 6 91 . 9 . 5
L( 5 4R 4 4) 44 84 8 48 84 84 8
r 3 .3 2.3 52.3 052.3 052.3 052.3.375 0523 054. 07.
54 025.9.438 5039 07.9
h 8 .9 9.9 37.9 857.9 056.9 56.
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1.69 . 7 21 7 21 . 2 . 6
L( 6 6R 5 5) 05 05 4 54 45 45 4
r 3 .3 6.3 26.3 526.3 526.3 526.3.625 5263 524. 57.
6 h i0 .9 0.0 08.0 0716. 0 5861 . 0 82 0.438 5 . 56, 5 03 00 . 0 . 4
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 2 1.72 . 7 21 7 21 . 2 . 6
337
D ENS IONS
I OF HEADSM
A D I M EL IN I S 1N O LNC S H E N S
D I A M WALLTHICKNESS
E T E R
D l% 17% 2 21A 3
L (R)
26 r
h
M
L (R)
28
r
h
M
L( 30 30
R ) -
r 4.500 4.875
30 h 6.125 6.375
M 1.39 1.36
32
34
L (R)
r
h
M
3
4.500
6.563
3
4
7
1
30
4
6
1 .
3
.4
.7
3
5.5
07.
3
.5
.6
1 . 3
8.
7.
08.
01.
0
72
59
. 3 9
0
072
038
0
5
78
5
03
3 6
0
0
5
0
0
8
4
1
1 1 . 1 . 3 . 3 9 3 6 4
3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6
36 4 .4 5.5 08.5 072. 56 02 5
6 .7 8.7 70.7 563. 315 30 0
1 1 . 1 . 4 1 . 4 6 . 4 4 3 1 9
3 3 3 3 6+3 6 6 6 6
38 4 .4 5.5 08.5 072.6 56. 020 50 0
7 .7 3.7 15.7 308.8 018. 370 56 3
1 1 . 1 . 4 1 . 4 61 . 4 4 . 3 1 3 9 6
3 3 3 3 63 6 6 6 6
4 .4 5.5 08.5 072.6 56. 020 50 0
40 7 .8 88. 10.8 310.8 203. 515 30 0
1 1 . 1 . 4 1 . 4 6+1 . 4 4 . 3 1 3 9 6
3 3 3 3 63 6 6 6 6
4 .4 5.5 08.5 072.6 56. 02 50 0
42
8.313 8.438 8 .8 6.8 28, 519 3 8
1.46 1.44 1 1 . 1 . 4 . 3 1 3 9 6
42 42 4 4 4 4 24 2 2 2
48
4.500 4.875 5 .5 2.6 56. 6 02 .7 507. 055 00
9.188 9.250 9 .9 4.9 351. 0 8671 . 035 1 . 02 5 5 0
1.52 1.48 1 1 . 1 . 4 1 . 4 61 . 4 4 . 3 1 3 6
48 48 4 4 4 4 84 84 8 8
5 4.500 4.875 5 .5 2.6 56. 6 02 .7 5078. 055. 020
9.875 10.063 1 01 . 0 [ 1 . 0 18 3 . 08 71 5 . 51 16 8 . 13 7 2 . 5 56
1.56 1.54 1 1 . 1 . 5 1. 4 01 . 4 81 . 4 6 . 3 1
5 5 5 5 45 45 45 45 45 4
6 4 .4 5.5 08.5 072.6 556. 6 02 .7 5078. 0559. 020.
1 0 1 . 0 1 6 . 1 18 8 . 18 [1 7 0 . 5 10. 1 10 381 . 82 1 6 . 2 382 0 . 8 .0 3
1 1 . 1 . 6 1 . 5 21 . 5 8 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 21 . 4 01 . 4 6 .
338
D I M E N S I OO NH S E A DF S
I N C H E S
DIAM W T A
H I C LK N EL S S
ETER
D 9“6 % 3A % 1 1 11A I
L( 6 6R 6 6] 6 60 66 06 06 6 0
r 4 .4 0 .
4 040
. 0.4.000 0 4
0 0 0 ( C0 .4 C0.4 0.4 00.
66 h 1 1 1 . 0 1 0. . 10 .9 7 0 1 3 6 15[1 . 112 1C5 . 11 16 : 5 . 13 10 4 . 10 3 3
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 71 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 , 7 2 .
L( 7 7R 7 7) 26 26 26 26 66 6
4 .4 3.4 73.4 573.4 573.4 573.4 573.4 573.4 573.
72 ; 1 2 1 . 1 1 0 . 1 10 9 . 10 13 8 . 28 17 8 . 25 17 6 . 25 12 5 . 25 10 4 . 20 3 3
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 71 . 7 71 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 .
L (R) 7 7 7 7 87 27 27 27 27 2
4 .4 74. 57.4 075.4 507.4 057.4 0574. 057.4 075.
78 : 1 3 1 . 3 1 0 . 3 10 8 . 30 11 7 . 33 15 6 . 30 18 5 . 38 16 5 . 33 10 4 . 30 3 3
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 71 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 .
L( 8 8R 8 8) 48 48 47 47 47 4
r 5 .5 1.5 21.5 521.5 521.5 521.5 521.5 521.5 521.
84 h 1 4 1 . 3 1 0 . 3 10 9 . 30 13 8 . 38 17 8 . 35 1 7 . 34 51 6 . 04 18 4 . 48 3 3
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 71 . 7 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 7 .
L( 9 8R 8 8) 08 48 48 48 48 4
5 .5 5.5 05.5 005.5 05.5 05. 5 05 .5 005 5
. 05.
90 : 1 51 . 5 1 1 . 5 12 8 . 55 11 7 . 53 15 6 . 50 18 6 . 58 12 5 . 5 16 5 . 53 0 4
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 71 . 7 21 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 21 . 7 2 .
9 9 9 9 69 09 09 09 08 0
5 .5 8 .5 78.5 578.5 578.5 5 78.5 58
7 5
. 7
58. 5 587.
96
. 6 1 . 6 1 1 . 6 12 8 . 65 17 8 . 65 1 7 . 63 15 6 . 60 12 5 . 65 16 5 . 73 0 4
1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 21 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 .
9 9 9 9 69 69 69 69 69 6
6 .6 1.6 21.6 521.6 521.6 521 6
. 521.6 5 1
2.6 521.
102 1 7 1 . 7 1 9 . 7 13 8 . 78 17 7 . 75 15 6 . 70 18 6 . 8 12 5 . 85 16 5 . 83 0 3
1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 51 . 7 5 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 5 .
1 1 01 01 2 01 201 209 209 29 2
6 .6 5 .6 05.6 005.6 005.6 05.6 005.6 05.6 05.
108 8 1. 8 91 . 8 31 8 . 8 817 7 . 85 15 7 . 80 15 6 . 90 18 5 . 98 16 4 . 93 3 3
1 1. 1 . 7 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 51 . 7 51 . 7 5 1 . 7 51 . 7 5 .
1 1 T0 01m 8 1 r r80 - 01 81 80
6 .6 8.6 78.6 578.6 578.6 578.6 578.6 578.
114 1 91 . 9 1 8 . 9 17 8 . 95 11 7 . 93 15 6 . 90 81 6 . 59 12 5 . 95 6 5
1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 51 . 7 51 . 7 5 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 5 .
L 1 1 1 11 41 411 11 401 40
r 7 ,7 2.7.250 527 05. 7.250 02 7.250 5 7 0 .7 2.
1 h 2 02 . 0 20.7508 . 27 8 05 120.625 . 3 21.500 6 82 81 2 . 1 4
M 1 1 . 1.75. 7 1 7 5 1.75 . 5 1.727 1 51 . .
L (R) 1 1 21 2 1 0 2 120 0 2 120 0 1 0 1 2
r 7 .7 6.7 26.7 526.7.625 5267.625 527 5.7 6.
126 h 2 12 . 1 2 8 . 1 27 8 . 15 21.625 1 7 . 3 21.56356 0 28 18 2 . 2 5 .
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1 . 7 5 1.75 . 7 5 1.75 7 5 1 51 . .
L( R 1 - ) 21 m 120 62120 - 1 01 2
8 .8 0.8 00.8.000 i00 8.000 0 8 0.8 0.
132 ; 2 22 . 2 2 8 . 3 23.563 7 8 . 5 23.50016 3 28 38 2 . 3 4 .
M 1 1 . 1 . 7 1.72 . 7 5 1.727 5 1 21 . .
339
DIMENSIONS OF HEADS
A D I M EL IN I S 1N O LN
C S H E N S
WALLTHICKNESS
D
L (R)
r
66 h 1
60
l%
4.500
1
60
4.875 5
1 [ 1 . 1. 5
1
mI .5 .
2
6’0
26.000
1 106 . 20*12.125
21A
60
2%
566.750 027
8 8 . 812.438
10 3 10
6
5
23A ] 3
.
60
8.250 59
20 13.125 .
Tir
18
0.
31 .
T
M 1 1 . 1.58. 6 1.586 5 1 2 1.50 . 1 5 1.41 , 41 4 .
L( 6 66 R 66 66 ) 6 66 66 6 66 6
4 .4.875 55.250 0 5.625 0 6.000 6.750 7 .8.250 5 9 0.
7 rh 1 2 12.500 . 12.6253 12.750
1 3t12.938 13.250 1 3 13.938 . 1 5 4 6 .
M
L(
r
7
4
1 1.69
72
4.875
R
.
.
*
5 7 .5
7
) 2
2
+--l’+
52.6.000 566.750 02 7
1
7
1.46
72
.
5 .8.250 59
7
1 5
0.
.
1
.6.125 1 6
8 18.125
1.72.
. 11
1 7 1 .
2 .6
8 12 I 51.6 21.6
I 521. 7
. 85 1 0 . 7 16 0 . 83 01 9 . 08 18.688
2 1 . 7 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1.58
5278.250 .
3 1 . 8 12 3
55 9
. 6 21
5 0.
95 7
6 5 .
.
L( 9 96R 96 96) 69 96 9 96 69
r 6 .6.500 5 6 0 .6 05.6 05.6 05.7 078.250
. 0559 00.
108 h 1 9 19.125 . t1 2 9 15 . 90 1 0 . 8 16 0 . 83 10 9 . 90 19.500 3 9 . 8 13 1 98 8 .
T I
M 1 1.72. 1 7 1 . 2 1 . 7 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1.60 , 6 21 6 9 .
m 1 102 0 1 1 8 1
0 01 20 1 2 0102 201 2
r 6 .6.875 8 6 7 6. 58.6 87.6 785.7 578.8.250 5759 50.
114 h
1 9 20.125 . 23 0 21 . 03 1 0 . 9 16 0 . 93 20 9 . 0 20.312 3 8 . 8 21 0 03 0 .
M 1 .
1.72 7 5 1 1.62. 1 6 .
L 1 ~ 108 R * 0 ) 8 1 108 01
I
-L1 +
r 7 .7.250 2 7 5 .7 C2.7 25.7 502.7 C52.8.250 059 0.
120 h 2 1 21.250 . 2 3 12 1 . 1 2 1 . 0 28 0 . 08 26 9 . 03 21.125
3 3 8 . 8 21 8 13 1 .
M 1 1.72 . 1 7 1 . 2 . 7 7 21 2 1.65 . 1 7 .
E 1 114 11 1 41 1 41 4 114 11
7 .7.625 67 2.7 :6.7 26.7 526.7 526.8.250 5269 52.
1 rh 2 2 22.188 . 2 2 2 25 . 2( 2 1 . 1 22 0 . 15 26 9 . 13 21.938 3 8 . 8 21 6 23 2 .
M 1 1.72 . 7 2 1 1 .
1
1 . 7 1.69
. 7 21 7 2 .
L 1 ( 120 R * 2 ) 01 I 1 21 2120 021 0
r 8 .8.000 0 8 0 8. C0.8 0.8 0.8 008.250
. 009 00.
132 h 2 3 23.250 . 2 3 32 1 . 2 1 . 3 22 0 . 25 26 0 . 32 22.750
3 08 . 07 7 2 35 5 .
M 1 1.72. 1 7 1 . 2 1 . 7 1 . 7 2 1 . 7 2 1.72 . 7 21 7 2 .
340
TOLERANCES
I N D S O
E ID PD ( IET HSh F H )
4 O a u ,8 p n 0nD dml ” .O
. ei ud r5n su ” s “
O 4 Ov t 9 .8eO i Drp.6 n 0” . lD
.cm o 7”Ol i uO. 5 9.n ”Osv up, 1.6es m l “ ODir “u”
O O R O UU N D NTE FS S
W ti l t pi h e hm ri b mit n i C tt e t os e h d d ey e .
341
FLANGES
FLANGE FACING FINISH
In pressure vessel construction only gasket seats of flanges, studded openings, etc.
require special finish beyond that afforded by turning, grinding or milling.
The surface finish for flange facing shall have certain roughness regulated by
Standard ANSI B16.5. The roughness is repetitive deviationfrom the nominal
surfacehavirigspecifieddepth and width.
Raised faced flange shall have serrated finish having 24 to 40 groovesper inch. The
cutting tool shall have an approximate0.06 in. or larger radius resulting 500
microinchapproximateroughness/ANSI B16.5, 6.3.4. 1./
The side wall surface of gasket groove of ring joint flange shall not exceed 63
microinchroughness. /ANSI B16.5-6.3.4.3./
Other finishes may be furnished by agreement between user and manufacturer.
The finish of contact faces shall be judged by visual comparison with Standard ANSI
B46-1 .
The center part of blind flanges need not to be finished within a diameter which equals
or less than the bore minus one inch of the joining flange. /ANSI B 16.5-6.3.3/
Surface symbol used to designate roughness ~ is placed either on the line indicating
the surface or on a leader pointing to the surface as shown below. The numbers: 500
and 63 indicate the height of roughness; letter “c” the direction of surface pattern:
“concentric-serrated”.
&“’cED 1 J
CONCENTRIC SERRATED FINISH
r ’
1 l F
1 A
2. M
d
S
a m
i
T A NA D B A N R1 D
m ea l ni is i n o . rncl s h
t e c r oo i m au m sl fo s n ot le ry
S6
d
e es n .
. I
dg
5
e, d
s S t 1 Ae v8 ea a i i 1l s alA t ba . l i se n l eo s n s
WELDING
s at se l a et ln ol e no ,- n m fe ye re lr ot d u sa l .
3. T 1 6 i rh a/f nii i ea sn 1 cie cl. du de e s d n
d i m eC nD a s Ji o n sn , d1 .
4. T l e o nsh gb td on he i usl n cft o d l s u o d t e
t h eo c hi r g o h ew t n f .
5. B h oa o 1 i ll l r e at t/ nrbs h ge 8o e a. r l n t
d i a m e t e r s .
6. F l b a tno d gi rme e s sen s uh id o ono s w n SLIP-nON -
l o t e h s e p r se w c i i sf ie e d .
7. F l f a p n s g i2o i e2 2s zp a 32r e 6e sn , , 8 d 0
a n c o rb v oA e B 6r Ne e t d. S y 5I 1 .
S F A P E C F IA D NIE MGGO E K N ES I RO N
A D O NAB O L T T D IA N N
G . BLIND
A B E G H J
156 3 86
3/4 1Y2 ‘/2
1 1 .
11%6 3 9h62
1 .
2%6 6 s%6
1 .
2%6 59 I1~6
0
2 2 .
3?46 63 ‘! 8
2 .
3%6 78 Y88
3 3 .
4% 5 0
1%6
4 .
41%6 0 0
4 4 .
5%6 5 0
5,66 5 , 5 1%6
6
5 5.05 bg6
6 6.07 6 . 7 6 2 .
7%6 6 1 3
8 7.98 8 . 7 8 2 .
91%6 6 1!/’s3
10 1 0 . 8 1 8 0 12 . 7 1%65
12 1 2 . 8 1 8 2 14% . 7 1%5
14 1 4 . 1 1 4 4 15% . 0 1%0
16 1 6 . 1 1 6 6 18 . 0 1360
18 1 8 . 1 1 8 8 19% . 0 1Y60
20 2 0 . 2 2 0 0 22 . 0 0
11!46
22 2 2 . 2 2 2 2 24% . 0 0
11%6
24 2 4 . 2 2 5 4 Z6~8 . 0 1%0
26 T b 2 6 . o 2e 2 5 6 Z8Y2 . 0 2 0
28 2 8 . 2 2 5 8 3 . 0 0 ?0
30 3 0 . 2 3 5 0 3 . 38%
2 0 ?0
343
344
3 l F I--’l
S T A NA D B A N R1 D S6 . I 5
1 A d i m ea l ni is i n o . rncl s h e es n .
2 M a m t e c r oo i m au ,m sl fo s n ot le ry dg e, d
s S t 1 A
e v8 ea a i i 1l s al tA ba . l i se n l eo s n s
WELDING
s at se l a et ln ol e no ,- n m fe ye re lr ot d u sa l .
3 T 1 6 i rh a/f nii ,i ea sn 1 cie cl. du de e s d n
d i m eC nD a s Ji o n sn , d I . I--’l
4 T l e o nsh gb td o,n he i usl n cft o d l s u o d t e
t h eo c hi r g o h ew t n f .
5 B h oa o 1 i il l r e, at t/ nrbs h ge 8o e a. r l n t
d i a m e t e r s .
6 F l b a tno d gi rme e, s sen s uh id o ono s w n -n -
l o t e h s e p r se w c i i ssf ie e d .
7 F l f a p n s g i2o i e2 , 2s zpa 32r e 6e sn , , 8 d 0
a ~ c o rb v oA e B 6r Ne e t d. S y 5I 1 .
S F A P E C F IA D NIE MGGO E K N ES I RO N
A D O NAB O L T T D IA N N
G . BLIND
L e n g t h ‘
T h r to u g h
H u b
A B c D E G H J
1 !/2
1.09 1~8
1 2~8
2Y2 JA
1.90 2%
2 2 .
3%6 3 8
2Y2 2 .
315A6 8 1 8
3 3 .
4Y8 5 1%0
3112 4 .
51A 90 1%0
4 4 .
5% 5 0
1!4
5 5 7. 5 1%6
6 6 .
8V8 6 1 3
8 8 .
10M 156 3
10 1 0 12% . 17~27 5
12 1 2 14% . 20Y27 25
14 1 4 163L . 23 0 0
16 1 6 19 . 25% 0 0
18 1 8 21 . 28 0 20
20 2 0 23?48 . 30~z0 0
21/2
22 2 2 25% . 33 0 0
2%
24 2 4 27% . 36 0 0
2%
26 To be 2 28~8 6 38% %
3%
28 2 30M 8 40% %
3%
3 0 3 0
32Y6 43! A
3%
345
L W N
A l l
2 .
3 .
J
4 .
5 .
6 M .
a b oa rd s o m a e ema dat jn n u a o f
I I t u Lr we o er n l s nwde. ni c gni e gk ct
l ot ln h iag a sev a ator ris eln p a d eb lec
o r d e r .
S F A PE C F I A DNEI G
GO E J N E S
M IR
O u t s i d e
Diameter ,ength
Bolt
Bore
K M N
4 3
4
4 1
4
1y
4 %
8 5 9 2
8 Z
8 5 3
8 3I
8 4
8 % 5
% 6
8
1 7
1 1
1
1 1
1
9 2
93A 2
ly2 101A 2
11 2
11Y2 2
12M 3
346
4 l F
A d ‘i
m ea ni is i n o rnc s h e es n . T
2. M a m t e c r oo i m au msl of s n ot le ry dg e, d
s S t 1 A
e v0 ea a i i 5l s alA t ba . l i se~n l eo s n s 4 H
WELDING
s at se l a et ln ol e no .- n m fe ye re lr otd u sa l .
3. i r af ini n a si n e c. odl u e d s et d
i d i m e C n D sa i J o nn s n , d .
4. T l e o nsh gb td on he i usl n cft o d l s u o d t e
t h eo c hi r g o h ew t n f .
5. B h oa o 1 i ll l r e at t/ nrbs h ge 8o e a. r l n t
d i a m e t e r s .
6. F l b a tno d gi rme e s sen s uh id o ono s w n n -
l o t e h s e p r se w c i i sf ie e d .
7. F l f a p n s g i2o i e2 2s zp a 32r e 6e sn , , 8 d 0
a n c o rb v oA e B 6r Ne e t d. S ,y 5 I 1 .
S F A P E C F IA D NIE MGGO E K N ES I RO N
A D O NAB O L T T D IA N N G . J
BLIND
D i a) mi ae m
t
Outside
ee r t e
L e no H g to huDiameter f b
T h r a oP u oHg h i of nu t t
H ou a bFlange f
W e l d i n g
A B c D E G H J
%
1
1 1 . 1H6
3 1 6 . 3 2
1!A 1 . 7
1!4 1 0 . 6 6
1 . 1%9 1 5 . 9 0
2 2 . 1 4 2 4 . 3 8
2 . 1%9 2 4 . 8 8
3 3 . 5
11%6 3 7 . 5 0
3 Y 4 . z 0
11%6 4 7 . 90 0
4 4 . 2 s 4 7 . 5 0
5 5 . 26 5 6 . %5 6
6 6 . 27 6 2 . %6 3
8 8 . 7
Z1H6 8 2 . 15 6 3
1 0 . 2% 8 1 8 0 . 1T~z7 5
1 2 . 3Y8 8 1 8 2 . 20!/27 5
1 4 . 3%61 1 4 4 . 23 0 0
1 6 . 131H6 . 1 6 6 . 25~2 0 0
1 8 . 3% 1 1 8 8 . 28 0 0
2 0 . 4 2 2 0 0 . 30% 0 0
2 2 . 4% 2 2 2 2 . 33 0 0
2 4 . A?/22 2 5 4 . 36 0 0
2 6 . 7% 2 2 5 6 3
38% A
2 8 . 2
8?/8 5
28%6 40%
3 0 . 8% 2 5
30~6 43
347
348
6 l F l-El
S T A NA D B A N R1 D S6 . I
+5 A
J
t
1 A d i m ea l ni is i n o . rncl s h e es n .
? M a m t e c r oo i m au m . sl of s n ot le ry +d g e, . d — M 4
s S t 1 A
e v0 ea a i i 5l s alA L
t ba . l i sde n l eo s *n s ’
W
s at se l a et ln ol e no ,- n m fe ye re lr ot d u sa l .
1 i r af / ini n a si n4 e c. odl u ,e d s e_t d : _ ,
i d i m e C n D sa i J o nn s n , d .
$ T l e o nsh gb td on. he i usl n cft o d l s u o d t e t
t h eo c hi r g o h ew t n f .
5 B h oa o 1 i ll l r e. at t/ nrbs h ge p8o e a. k r l ; n + t ~ +
d i a m e t e r s .
5 F l b a tno d gi rme e. s sen s uh id o ono s w n SLIP.nON -
l o t e h s e p r se w c i i sf ie e d .
‘
7 F l f a p n s g i2o i e2 . 2s zp a 32 r e 6e sn , , 8 d 0
a n c o rb v oA e B 6r Ne e t d. S y 5I 1 .
y E y : 3 9 y %
S F A P E C F IA D NIE MGGO E K N ES I RO N
A D O NAB O LT T D IA N N G . B L I N
D i aD mi ae t . ee r t
m e r
D i a m e L t e r no H g to hDu ~ ~T ~fh bs i ~ c
m i on a lT h r afoP u oHg h i o nu ot t
o a
‘ i B p o e Hr e
W
u
e B
l d
b Fia nl F
gsa f l n
; i z e
A B c D E G H J
‘ / . 2 2 8 Y ~ . 8 IY26 8 8 ‘%64
3/4 1.09 1
1 z~6 1%6 1.32 z~8 4V8 11h6
11A 1.70 2 1 1 .% %
6 6
2 1 1
;
G
3 v
$ 1 9
Q
4 h 4 6
m
m
: g
u
8 ; 3
o 6
2 2
4 2
6 7 3
8
5
8 4
%
349
350
351
352
1 l F r’1
S T A NA D B A N R1 D S6 . I 5
1 A d i m ea l ni is i n o . rncl s h e es n .
M a m t e c r oo i m au m sl fo s n ot le ry dg e, d
s S t 1 A
e v0 ea a i i 5l s alA t ba . l i s~e n l WELDING eo s nH s ~
s at se l a et ln ol e no ,- n m fe ye re lr ot d u sa l .
T 1 i r h af / ini n a esi n4 e c. odl u e d s et d
i d i m e C n D sa i J o nn s n , I d .
T l e o nsh gb td on he i usl n cft o d l s u o d t e
t h eo c hi r g o h ew t n f .
B h oa o 1 i ll l r e at t/ nrbs h ge 8o e a. r l n t
d i a m e t e r s .
F l b a tno d gi rme e s sen s un- h id o ono s w -n
l o t e h s e p r se w c i i sf ie e d .
S F A P E C F IA D NI E MGGO E K N ES I RO N
A D O NAB O L T T D IA N N G . BLIND
l i a m e t e r
o H u f b
a P o i n t t
o f
W e l d i n g
A B c D E G H J
IM 1 . 7
1% 0 2Y2 1!4
1!42 1 . 19 5 2% 7 % 1%
2 2 .4 4 4 4% 1Y2
2 . 9
21/2 4 4% 15%
3 3 . 5
2% 7 5% 1OY2 1%
4 4 . 5
3%6 7 6% 2%
5 5 . 6
4% 6 73? 1 2Y8
6 6 . 7
41H6 2 9 31%
8 8 . 7
5~8 2 11 !/2 3Y8
1 0 . 6%8 8 14!/2 4%
1 2 . 7~88 8 17% 4~8
. -- - 1g% 51A
. -. - 21% Y2 5%
. . -. 23% 6Ys
. . . . 25% 7
. -. - 3 8
—
353
1
L W N
d
i m ea ni is i n o rnc s h e es
2 M a m t e c r oo i m au .m sl fo s n ot le ry
s S t1 e 0v ea a i i5 l s alA
A t ba. l i s en
s at se l a et ln ol e no ,- n m fe ye re lr ot d
3 T 1 i r h af / i ni n a. i se n 4e c c . o ld u
J b i i n cui l l ueM d nt e s
4 T l e o bh n d ogn .i t el n h t tc o f l s
h eo c i r g o h w t n f .
5 B h oa o 1 i ll l r e. at t/ nbrs h ge o8 e
d i a m e t e r s .
6 D i m e M n ( s i l oo enw s. n,e n gl etd hci
a b oa rd s o m a e ema dat jn n u a o
t u Lr we o er n l s nwde. ni c gni e gk
l ot ln h aig a sev a ator rsi eln p a d eb
o r d e r .
—
S F A PE C F I A DNEI G
M
GO E J N E S I
No.
Bolt % Bore
C i r c l e
K L M N
1?4 4
1 1 4 ! 4 b %
2 4 1
4 9
4 1!4?
8 2
8 21/2
5 8 3
8 4
12
8 5
12 9 6
1 12 8
12
16
16 1
16 %
16
16
16
?54
- .
355
356
R J F
A P P R O X DI MI AS T BTE A
E N
T F CWL E EA EN NG
4
P r R
e s al s tu ri eb n g .
N o m i n a l
P 1i I p3 5 I e4 0 I0 6 0I 0 9 0I 01 0 0I 5 2 005
S i z e D i s i t an n cc eh , e s
% % % % % “ ; J
x ? $ % , 2
1 J<z
%
5/ X2 5/
1% / %
:{2 5/
/:2 %
IZ %
5/ 3/
2 /32 !<2 %6 ~15 % % %
2% 5/ X2 %6 3/
~, x % x
.32 /16
3 x %
;{2 RI 7/
.32 %2 YE 5/
4 :{6 /12
5 s/
(32 !<2 %* %6 3<2 % %2
6 5/
.32 7/
/32 %2 ;{6 X2 ~S 5’2
5/ X2 ;<2 ?{6 5/ - 5/
/32
8 /32 42 X5
10 ?/ 7[
~42 ?42 X6 g? %2 %
$31
12 5/ 7/
/32 %2 ?’(6 3<2 $’6
132
14 % 7/
/12 %2 X6 %2 %2
16 1/
.a %2 X2 ?{6 X2 X6 z
18 % J(2 %2 X6 X6 X6 –
20 x X2 %2 :’(6 %6 Y8
22 – % X X2 — —
24 % % x X2 %2 z –
RING NUMBERS
&
NominalPipeSize ‘/2 3A 1 2 2!4
150 ... R R R R22 R25 R29IRU ~R36
3 0 06 , 4 0 %0 0 R, R R0 R R 1R
]R ~R I R
2 9 0 0 R . . . ] R37
z~ z
1 5 iii0 iii Rj6
0 Rio iii iii R . . . IR39
&
2 5 - 0 R R0 13 R 1 3R R 6 .8. . ! R38
N o Pm S i i n i a p l z e e 1 1 1
— —
1 5 R40 0 “R52
R43 R48 Ri9 R64 R68 R7~m
rii55_
d)”
t 3 i4 60 0 s 0 R 00 R , R , R4 0 i R4 R4 R51 R55 R69 ‘ R63 67
~ ; R4 R51 R55 R69 R63 77
9 0 R R R 0 R4 I R4
. 3 :
E 1 5 z R0 R R0 R 4 R4 R5 R4 R564 R60 R6] 78
2 5 8 R0 R I R0 R4 I R60 4 .......
5 52 7 ....1...
... 1 5
I
357
A
S’1’UDDING OUTLETS
All
. 1
SIZE ~lCK OD ‘F STUD STUDS TAP HOLE
(BORE) OD CIRCLE NO. SIZE TPI DEPTH DEPTH
B TAR CJMI E F
lt2 1.50 3.50 1.38 2.38 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
3/4 1.50 3.88 1.69 2.75 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
1 1.50 4.25 2.00 3.12 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
1 1/4 1.50 4.62 2.50 3.50 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
1 li2 1.50 5.00 2.88 3.88 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
2 1.75 6.00 3.62 4.75 4 5/?3 11 0.94 1.50
2 ID 1.75 7.00 4.12 5.50 4 518 11 0.94 1.50
3 1.75 7.50 5.00 6.00 4 5J!3 11 0.94 1.50
3 1/2 1.75 8.50 5.50 7.00 8 518 11 0.94 1.50
4 1,75 9.00 6.19 7.50 8 5/’8 11 0.94 1.50
5 2.00 10.00 7.31 8.50 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
6 2.00 11.00 8.50 9.50 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
8 2.00 13.50 10.62 11.75 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
10 2.25 16.00 12.75 14.25 12 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
12 2.25 19.00 15,00 17.00 12 718 9 1.31 2.00
14 2.56 21.00 16.25 18.75 12 1 8 1.50 2.31
16 2.56 23.50 18.50 21.25 16 1 8 1.50 2.31
18 2.75 25.00 21.00 22.75 16 1 1/8 8 1.69 2.50
20 2.75 27.50 23.00 25.00 20 1 1/8 8 1.69 2.50
3.00 32.00 27.25 29.50 20 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
3
SIZE ~lCK OD ‘F STUD STUDS TAP HOLE
(BORE) OD CIRCLE NO. SIZE TPI DEPTH DEPTH
B TAR CJMI E F
1/-2 1.50 3.75 1.38 2.62 4 12 13 0.75 1.25
3/4 1.75 4.62 1.69 3.25 4 5/8 11 0.94 1.50
1 1.75 4.88 2.00 3.50 4 5111 11 0.94 1.50
11/4 1.75 5.25 2.50 3.88 4 5j8 11 0.94 1.50
11/2 2.00 6.12 2.88 4.50 4 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
2 1.75 6.50 3.62 5.00 8 5i8 11 0.94 1.50
2 1/2 2.00 7.50 4.12 5.88 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
3 2.00 8.25 5.00 6.62 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
3 In 2.00 9.00 5.50 7.25 8 314 10 1.12 1.75
4 2.00 10.00 6.19 7.88 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
5 2.00 11.00 7.31 9.25 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
6 2.00 12.50 8.50 10.62 12 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
8 2.25 15.00 10.62 13.00 12 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
10 2.56 17.50 12.75 15.25 16 1 8 1.50 2.31
12 2.75 20.50 15.00 17.75 16 1 1/8 8 1.69 2.50
14 2.75 23.00 16.25 20.25 20 1 V8 8 1.69 2.50
16 3.00 25.50 18.50 22.50 20 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
18 3.00 28.00 21.00 24.75 24 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
20 3.00 30.50 23.00 27.00 24 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
24 3.44 36.00 27.25 32.00 24 1 In 8 2.25 3.19
358
SIZE ~lCK OD ‘F S T S T
U U DT D HOLE S A
(BORE) O CIRCLE NO. SIZE TD DEPTH P DEPTH I
B T A R CJMI E F
l 1.69 r3.75 1.38 22.62 4 1/2 13 0.75 1.25
3/4 1.94 4.62 1.69 3.25 4 5/8 1 0.94 1.50
1 1.94 4.88 2.00 3.50 4 5B 11 0.94 1.50
1 1/4 1.94 5.25 2.50 3.88 4 5/8 11 0.94 1.50
1V 2.19 6.12 2.88 4.50
2 4 3/4 1.12 1.75
2 1.94 6.50 3.62 5.00 8 5/8 0.94 1.50
2l 2.19 7.50
r 4.121 5.88
2 8 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
3 2.19 8.25 5.00 6.62 8 3/4 1.12 1.75
31 2.44 9.00
/ 5.50 7.25
2 8 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
4 2.44 10.75 6.19 8.50 8 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
5 2.75 13.00 7.31 10.50 8 1 8 1.50 2.31
6 2.75 14.00 8.50 11.50 12 1 8 1.50 2.31
8 2.94 16.50 10.62 13.75 12 1 1/8 8 1.69 2.50
3.19 20.00 12.75 17.00 16 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
12 3.19 22.00 15.00 19.25 20 1 1/4 8 1.88 2.75
14 3.44 23.75 16.25 20.75 20 1318 8 2.06 3.00
16 3.62 27.00 18.50 23.75 20 11 8 / 2.25 3.19 2
18 3.88 29.25 21.00 25.75 20 1518 8 2.44 3.44
20 3.88 32.00 23.00 28.50 24 1 58 2.44
1 3.44 8
4.31 37.00 27.25 33.00 24 1718 8 2.81 3.88
9
SIZE ~ICK OD ‘F S T S U
T U DT D HOLE
S A
(BORE) O CIRCLE NO. SIZE TPI
D DEPTH DEPTH
B TAR CJMI E F
1/2 2.19 4.75 1.38 3.25 4 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
3/4 2.19 5.12 1.69 3.50 4 3/4 10 1.12 1.75
1 2.44 5.88 2.00 4.00 4 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
11/4 2.44 6.25 2.50 4.38 4 7f8 9 1.31 2.00
11/2 2.75 7.00 2.88 4.88 4 1 8 1.50 2.31
2 2.44 8.50 3.62 6.50 8 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
2 1/2 2.75 9.62 4.12 7.50 8 1 8 1.50 2.31
3 2.44 9.50 5.00 7.50 8 7/8 9 1.31 2.00
4 2.94 11.50 6.19 9.25 8 11/?3 8 1.69 2.50
5 3.19 13.75 7.31 11.00 8 11/4 8 1.88 2.75
6 2.94 15.00 8.50 12.50 12 11/8 8 1.69 2.50
8 3.44 18.50 10.62 15.50 12 13t8 8 2.06 3.00
10 3.44 21.50 12.75 18.50 16 1318 8 2.06 3.00
12 3.44 24.00 15.00 21.00 20 13/8 8 2.06 3.00
14 3.62 25.25 16.25 22.00 20 1 u2 8
24.25 20 8
27.00 20 8
29.50 20 2 8
35.50 20 2 m 8
359
T
361
63
WELDING FITTINGS
./’ [ ANSI B 16.9
‘ 1. All dimensions areA in inches.
/
2, Welding fitting material conforms to SA 234 grade WPB.
,-
//
/
90°L R oElbow
a d n i
4. F
3. Sizes 22,26 and 30 in. are not covered by ANSI B 16.9.
w
uz
t
s
h ai o c ks npl e 3sr s al e s2 g 2e e .
(n
5 D i F1applies
e n s toi standard
m o. n and X-STG. caps. Di-
mension Fz applies to heavier weight caps.
/
Nominal I Dimensions
-1 Pipe
7
—
size
A
D i a A m Be ct 5e r E F; ~
90°LongRadius
Reducin2Elbow– 0.840 1 518 1 ,.. 7. , 1/
% , . 8
3/4 1 . 0 5 ... 0. . . . lfi ...
1 1.315 1Y2 718 23/]6 1 1 1% 5 1 1
1 1 . 1 61 72%6
% l /02 1%
8 f l
,/
- A- A
180°Long 3% 4,000 5% 2% 7% 3% 5% 2% 3
a
RadiusElbow 4 4.500 6 2% 8% 4 6X 2% 3
5 5.563 7% 31t8 1 05 7%
s /3 3%
1 6
/ r 6 6 . 9 3Y4
6 12’5/1(
2 6 5 93/16 3yz 4
- 1
8 8.625
I 10.750 I 15 I 6fi I 203k
0
12 5 1 68
1
125/16
5
153/8
/4
5
5I
6
t
m\,
90°ShortRadiusElbow 1 12.750 18 7!4 243/8 12 1 86 7 3 1
14 14.000 21 8% 28 14 21 6% 7%
E 1 I 16.000 ] 24 I 10 \ 632 16 24 7 8
18 18.000 I 27 IIK 36 18 27 8 9
180°ShortRadiusRetun 20 ~().()~ 30 12% 40 20 30 9 1
22 z~.()()() 33 13YZ 44 ... , .,. . 1 1
i
I I
24 ~40000 36 15 @ 24 36 1 12 0
26 26.()()() 39 16 52 ... , .., . 10!4 ,., .
30 30.000 45 18’A 60 30 45 10K ,., .
Cap
. . -
1
WELDING FITTINGS
ANSI B 16.9
1. Alldimensionsareininches
2. Weldingfittingmaterial
conformstoSA234gradeWPB.
3. Sizes22,26and30 in.arenotcoveredbyANSIB 16.9.
4, Forwallthicknesses
seepage322.
Nominal Dimensions
Pipe Tee
Outlet Outside ~ H J
Size Diameter
I % y ,840 1z 1 , . . .
3/8 ,675 1 1 -
3/4 1.050 1 11 11 18 8
‘/2 .840 1 1 ‘i i ”
1 1 1.315 1% 1?4 . . . ,
? 1,050 1% 1?4
4 2
‘/2 ,840 1% 1% 7
1!4 1.660 1718
1.315 1718
1.050 17/8
1 7 / 8
1% 2% 2ti Reducing Tee
2% 2!4 “ii “
2% 2% 2?4
2% 2!4 2Y2
2% 2% 2!4
2 2% I 2Y2 I .... I L— J, ,
1 1.900 2% 2% 33 / 8
1% 1.660 2% z 3 ~ 8
1 1.315 2% 2 3 7
% 1,050 2!4 1 %
2% 2% 2.875 3 3
2 2.375 3 2?4 “3%
3 ~h’ . – .
kk
1!4 1 , 3 9 0 30 %
1 1.660 3 2% 3 %
1 1,315 3 2 3 %
3 3 3,500 3 3i 3/ 18
Concentric Reducer i
8
2% 2.875 3 33 ‘ /“ 8 3 %
2 2.375 3 3 3/ 8 ! 4
1Y2 1.900 3 2 37 3 / / 8 8 %
1. 1 . 3 6 2%36 30 / 8 ! % 4
J
3% 3% 4.000 3?4 3% ....
3.500 3% 3 54 1 8
2 2 . 3 8 3 ;7 54 % %
2 2 . 3 3 3 7 54 % %
1 1 . 3 9 3%0 04 %
— .
4 . . . . . —
4 4 4 h
3.500 4 3 7 / 8
2 2 . 41 8 3 ;7 / 5: 8 %
2 , 4 3 31 7 54/ 8
Eccentric %
Reducer
I 1 . 4 9 31 i0 0431 /8 8
363
WELDING FITTINGS
ANSI B 16.9
G
1. Alldimensionsareininches
—. ~ .—. 2 Weldingfittingmaterial
conformstoSA234gradeWPB.
3. Sizes22,26 and30in.arenotcoveredbyANSIB 16.9.
* 4. Forwallthicknessesseepage322.
– (= -1- F
— u T u - I -
1 Nominal Dimensions
Pipe Outside ~
Tee Size Outlet H J
Diameter
5 5 5.563 4 47 . . 7./ . /8
4 4.500 4 47 5/ /8
3 4.000 4 %47 5/ 8
3 3,500 4 47 53/ /8
2 2 . 4 8 4% T 7 515 8
, ~ 4 47 51/5 /8
H 2 2 . 3 7
6 6 6 . 5 6 55 2 s /5 18
– “ + 5 5 . 5 5 55 6 “ 313‘ /8 5
4 4.500 5 55‘ 51 / 8
3 4.000 5 %5 5 / 8
+ GJ G 3 3.500 5 4s 57/ /8
? ~ 2 2 . 5 8 4%5 7 5 /5 8
8 8 8 . 7 6 7 2 5
J‘7
R e dT u c i en g 6 e 6 . 7 6 6 2 . “6
5 5. 1
5 5 . 7 5 6 6 36 3 /
4 4.500 7 61/8 6
3% 4,000 7 6 6
1 1 10,750 8%
0 8%
0 ....
8.625 8% 8 7
: 6.625 8% 75/8 7
r 5.563 8Y2 7?4 7
: 4.500 8!/2 7% 7
.—.—. 12 12 12.750 1 10 .... 0
10 10.750 1 9% 8 0
8 8.625 10 9 8
D 6 6,625 1 8 58 10
5 5 . 10 5 8Y26 83
J
Concentric Reducer 14 14 1 4 1. 0 1 0 0 1
I 1 2 1. 7 1Q 5 0 “i0 s 1/ 3
r‘1
1 1 0 1. 710 5 0 10 1 1/
8 8.625 11 9?4 13
6 6.625 11 9 13 /
1 1 1 6 61, 0 16 0 0 2
1 1 4 1. 0 14 0 “ i0 2
} 12.750 12 2
] 1518 14
.—.— 1 10.750 12 111/s
0 14
—.—. 8 8.625 12 10% 14
6 6.625 12 101/8 14
c 18 1 18 18.000 13% 13!4
Eccentric Reducer 16 16.000 13X 13 “ ii”
14 14.000 13X 13 15
364
WELDING FITTINGS I
ANSI B 16.9 !~~
Alldimensionsareininches G
Weldingfittingmaterialconformsto SA234gradeWPB. +! .—.
Sizes22,26and30in.arenotcoveredbyANSIB 16.9.
Forwallthicknessesseepage322.
L: :1 G,
)minal Dimensions
Pipe Outside Tee
Size Outlet H J
Diameter G
18 12 12.750 13% 125/8 15
10 10.750 13% 1’21/8 15
8 8,625 13M 11% 15
20 20 20.000 15
18 18.000 15 14%
16 16.000 15
14 14.000 15
12 12,750 15
1 1 0 .1 7 05 0 5
8 8 . 1 6 1 2 25 2 5 0
Reducing% Tee
22 22 22.000 16!4 16!A ... ,
20 20.000 16?4 16 20
18 18.000 16)4 15% 20
16 16.000 16% 15 20 J
14 14.000 16% 15 20
12 12.750 16?4 145/8 .,. .
r ‘1
10 10.750 16% 14[/8 ....
24 24 24.000 17 17 ,.. ,
-—.—.
22 22,000 17 17 20
20 20.000 1 1 2 7 7 0
1 1 8 ,1 0 1 80 026 !D7 4 0
16 16,000 17 16 20 Concentric Reducer
14 14.000 17 16 20
12 12.750 17 153/8 20
30
10
30
24
22
10.750
30.000
24.000
22.000
17
22
22
22
15]/8
22
21
20%
20
....
24
24
r-l J
.—.—
20 20.000 22 20 24 ..—,
18 18.000 22 19!A ....
16 16.000 22 19 .... b
Eccentric Reducer
365
FACE-TO-FACED1MENS1ONSOF FLANGEDSTEEL
GATE VALVES
(WEDGEANDDOUBLEDISC) +.
&
1-
Raised Face
3 3
1 – – 4
4 5 3 ?
5 1 1 1 52 4 6% 82 02 3 7 4
6 1 1 1 72 69 8% % 2 23 4 2 09
8 1 2 92 2 %3 1 2 %3 63 05 — 3
1 3 4 25 4 8
1 4 4 0 4 – 9 %
R T iJ y n p g e
P —
N N —
3A- 400 ... .
2x 2x
- Y2 6%6 ! 6%6 Y2 — — I 10%
3A — — 9 —. 9 _—
8% —
8% ‘- —
1 1 12% 0
1 87!
:
..
+ 9 9 l 1 1 1x. . 1
—l 7 9 9 — x 9- 1 %-- %1 %—1 — 1% 52
2 8 1l 1 1 1X 2 1i %1 % 14% 4 1-..-.— %
2 ‘ 1 1 %2 13— 39 2 %% %1 —1 6 2X6 ?
%
3 — 1 1 3 1 — ! 4 —4 3 4 ! %1 4 1 —5 . 2 8 %
4 1 1 1 41 — 62 7 4 % ~ %1 A—28 ? i—...–
! 64
5 l 1 i 1 f –6 2 8i 2 5 % ~ %42 - 32 2 3 6 %
6 1 1 61 8 2 ; %9 6 2~ %2 % 2 4 3 — 6%
8 2 2 2 22 30 8 G6 %2 % 39 4) 3 4
1 2 2 2 0 53 - 6s 1 % 1 %3 %— 3 3 05 9 0%
1 2 2 3 2 83 0 8 1) %3 43 % 48 25? 5 64
1 3 – 1 – 4 – x 1 4 5 0 4 – 0 %
’ 3 1 – 6 –6 – <
367
-
FACE.TO-FACE
DIMENSIONS
OFFLANGEDSTEEL
SWING CHECK VALVES
R aF
P r l e p qs i s u b r e e n ,
i as e c d
. r . .
m ‘.’,
.&.1-
:;;:
I n c
% 4 ‘ y 6 f 6. ’ %— - % %— — 1
3 – A - 9 9
1 9 1
6 9 9 1
1 7 1 9 X 9. — — 1 0 %1 %—1 1
% 52
2 . 8 1‘ 1 11 “ - 1~ 2 X1 “ %1 % 1 4 1 4 %
2 , , 1. 1 - . 5 21 —9 . 3 2 3i - k1 % 1 6 2X 6 o%
3 1 1 1 31 40 4 3% f %1 i 1 5 2 8 %
4 1 1 1 41 6. 2 4t %
7 i1 % 2- 8 2 1 X
5 1 1i 31 2 % 8 5 0k %2 % 2 2 3 6
— %
6 1 I 41 2i %9— 6 2i Z2 % 2 4_ 3 %_
— ‘ ; 2‘ 2 .—– .8 12 - 30 8%6” %2 , . 3
% 9 4— 3 k
1 2 2 2 s 0 3 – ’ 65 1 %1 %3 % 3– 3 05 9 %
1 “ —2“ . —3 i 2 2 33”%. Y—-80 1 k. — —%3 4 8 25 5 %
1 3 – 1 – 4 – % 1 4 5 0 4 — 0 %
R e f Fe a r c e e n-a tc Eo e -n :Fd a -Dnc t ei om - oe EFn dn s ed V
i or na r s lo uv f s e s
A m Ne ar Sit tci A aao nnnB d1aN 6al . r1 S0d - 1 9I 7 3
.‘ l. (. w-
?69
-
S F I F
A S A Z ;
F l a S n c g r B e ea d w e We edng l S l o o dl tl d de
S p i
B u s h i n g + “ - - + w @
C a p + - + “ )
$ s ‘ ,. ++ ‘ /
C r o s s
R e d u c i n g
S t Sr a ii g h z t e
+ + + + + $
C r o s s o v e r
E l b o w
T - D . * .( . c [ ( [
9 D e 0g r e - e
r r P r c
T uD r on Re w d & n ~ M ~
T uU r n we d H p w w ~
B a s e
L L L
D oB ur ba ln ec h
T T
L o n g R a df i u s ~
R e d u c i n g
P P e <
S O iu t d l ee t
( O D u ot l rw e nt T ) r
S O iu t d l ee t
( O u t l e t rU p ) r r
- , =
S Y MF BP OF LO
II TS T P I RN EG S
B a e nl l d
F l aS nc gr e e dw We de S l o dl
S p i g o t d
S t r e e t
J o n i t L
C o n n e c t +i n g + + + +
P i p e
E x p a n s i o n ~ ~
~ ~ ~
L a t e r a l
O rP i lf i a c te e
- i : l -
R e dF u l c ai nn g g e
i D -
P l u g s
B p t li wl u l g o
P P i l p u e g
- -C t a
R e d u c e r
C o n c e n t -r i Kc += = *t - m -
E c c e n t r i c
+ ~ + & - - +
~
S t Sr a ii gL h z t L e L L L
( O U u t l *p e t * ) * - e
( O D u ot l w e nt )
‘ o u b ’ e s wY e e p L “ “ -
R e d u c i n g
L L L A L
S Y MF BP OF LIOI TS T P I RN EG S
B a e nl l d
Flanged S c r Se pw Wei deg ; l oo dl t d e
S S
i nw g e l
T ee p
S O iu t d l ee t
( O D u ot l w e & nt )
S O iu t d l ee t
( O U u t l p e t )
U n i o un
V a l v e s
A Vn ag l l ve e
C ha e lc k s , o
A Cn hg e l ce k
G a a tl e s , o
A Gn ga l t e e
( E l e v a t i o n )
B V aa ll v l e
G a a tl e s , o
A Gn ga l t e e
( P l a n )
G la o l b e s , o
A Gn l g o l be e
( E l e v a t i o n )
G l o b e
( P l a n )
A u t Vo m a a t li c v e
B y - P a s s
G o v e r n o r -
O p e r a t e d
R e d u c i n g
C Vh ae lc vk e
( S tWr a ia g h yt )
C o c k r + i pg
372
S Y MF BP OF LIOI TS T P I RN EG S
B a e nl l d
Flanged S c r Se pw Wei deg S l o o d tl d
~ ~-
- &
--#3-
- G
G l o b e
L o c kV s ha i e ll d v -e
P V l a Iu v g e -mQ-
Q O u p ie n c i kn g
o B u Vt t ea r fl l r yv e
S aV f a e l t vy e
374
WEIGHTS
T w o p f m b d m
s i m c c d w r o
m d T w oa p f i
s i t t r t t p o L
C
7. A
375
WEIGHT OF SHELLS & HEADS
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
1/ 4 ” 5 6 /
D I A M .
‘ E SS SH E E H
L L EL SA H D E H L EL A
1 3 . L . s‘ L s[. . IE&1. DP .
M ; I. . sL‘S s[.L . E&I .
1‘2 ~ 3 3 2 1 23 41 32 24 10 21 9
1 3 3 2 41 28 46 48 39 28 38 6
1 4 4 3 26 34 52 53 43 26 44 2
1 4 4 4 82 49 69 51 58 36 51 9
2 5 5 4 30 54 62 67 55 46 78 6
2 6 5 5 24 60 78 75 61 58 84 2
2 6 6 6 44 85 783 72 7- 51 1 1 9
2 7 6 7 65 90 88 80 85 65 1 8 6
2 7 7 7 68 1 6 94 198 12 70 10 4 2
3 8 7 8 07 1 1 19 299 100 86 111 9
3 / 8 ” 7 6 /
D I A M .
/ E SS SH E E H
L L EL SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 . E . FLs s.L .
H E
&I 1. M
P
D0 . EI. . FS
s
L s.L .
H &I .
E
1 5 4 3 22 30 57 53 42 22 38 4
1 5 5 4 42 48 65 62 48 33 57 3
1 6 6 5 36 56 73 70 65 45 67 3
1 7 7 6 84 74 81 8] 72 50 86 2
2 8 7 7 50 82 99 90 82 65 1 5 1
’ 9 2 8 26 I5
8 1 0 17 10 2 091 703 1
1 9 9 9 74 1 8 15 12 4 110 812 104 0
2 1 1 10 6 08 106 13 145 1~
22 193 13 9
2 1 1 11 198 124 11 161 134 126 143 09
3 1 1 12 011 132 109 197 145 130 262 28
1 / 2 ” 9 6 /
D I A M .
V E S
S SH E E L
HEAD
L L S H E L L
1 0 E F L H . L E1 & M
0
H EDI S
F.&D
L L I
1 6 6 4 3 2 47 71 67 50 33 46 9
1 7 7 5 43 58 82 86 68 48 68 1
1 8 8 7 4 6 78 1 2 90 077 55 80 3
1 9 9 8 85 99 1 3 1 1 199 06 4 12 5
2 1 1 19 07 0 10 14 11 7 12 0 175 104 7
1 5 05 1 4 21 48 2 74 9 618 3 64 8 2 31 . 41 1 3 76 3 02 1
1 5 50 2 7 1 718 3 96 1 632 0 69 3 2 25 . 24 3 3 38 8 66 0
1 6 16 2 1 14 03 3 17 5 65 8 65 9 208 !98 6 4 90 5 20 0
1 6 62 2 4 1 350 3 79 7 789 6 71 8 282 !61 84 4 5 9 2 84
1 6 26 2 7 26 78 4 61 9 703 6 70 9 356 !35 2 4 14 3 49 3
5 / 8 ” 1
D I A M .
Y E SS SH E E L
H L EL SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 &I1 0P
1 8 7
I
5
?L
4 2
3.L
54
E
96
MD
838 1
~1.
60
‘LS
5
-4
I.L
63
E
&I
1 9 8 7 45 77 19 90 070 5 3 88 8
1 1 1 18 60 6 91 1~
3 17 91 165 1 ~ 2
1 1 1 12 817 104 16 111 134 298 117 7
2 1 1 1y
3 28 0 17 19 14 156 496 132 2
7 4 4 18 97 22 1 4 0 1568 35 1 1 23 102 3 1 30 2 39
7 5 5 1 2 1 814 2 04 0 561 6 5 2 15 7 116 5 2 71 4 73
8 5 5 1 6 1 564 2 24 ~ 664 2 ~6 5 19 2 181 7 2 13 8 17
9 6 5 10 1 09 8 2 4 5 668 0 56 1 25 6 185 0 3 55 4 51
9 6 6 2 4 1 31 6 3 45 0 762 9 47 0 22 1 140 3 3 07 1 05
1 6 06 2 8 12 73 3 57 6 776 9 87 1 21 5 1644 3. 49 0 49
1 7 70 2 2 2 168 4 05 4 770 0 87 4 23 9 298 9 4 82 1 84
1 7 17 2 6 24 59 4 25 4 875 2 48 0 35 4 293 2 4 24 3 29
1 8 72 3 0 2 920 4 45 1 879 6 38 9 30 8 237 5 5 67 3 64
1 8 28 3 4 26 35 5 78 7 975 0 89 0 36 3 222 9 6 09 1 00
I —
379
W O S & H
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
3 / 4 ” 1 6 3 /
D I A M .
~ E S
S SH E E H
L L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 8 0 8 2 2 2 18 4 31 4 813 5 2878 4 30 9 28 1 4 32 0 7 2
1 8 80 3 7 2 581 4 14 7 998 0 8930 7 33 4 ~0 4 5 46 5 ~ 0
1 9 1 9 3 1 24 05 5 96 3 974 7 3982 2 31 9 22 8 5 68 5 8 9
1- 9 9) 3 6 2 580 6 79 5 1 50 5 1034
6 0 0 42 43 4 2 6 81 0 5 9
1 1 21 0 4 0 136 2 0 6 52 4 13 6 3 1 1
4 1086 48 03 6 6 7 05 1 1 1
1 1 1 30 4 0 63 62 5 7 35 5 11 2 5 15 1 5 58 1 53 7 0 3 7 28 5 8 8 5
1 1 31 1 5 0 138 0 9 7 18 8 19 9 8 12 2 2 51 1 04 8 5 9 8 42 2 0 5 0
1 1 1 41 5 1 54 46 4 8 92 5 17 6 1 10 2 2 69 2 54 8 0 4 9 65 6 2 3 7
380
WEIGHT OF SHELLS & HEADS
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
7 / 8 ” 1 5
D I A M .
J E S
S SH E E H
L L E L SA H D E H L EL A
7 6 6 1 8 1 6 72 2 20 0 745 7 27 5 18 3 1 11 8 2 13 2 17
7 7 7 1 3 18 2 9 2 46 8 709 9 67 8 21 9 1 971 3 16 2 12
8 7 7 2 9 1 724 3 72 9 864 2 38 6 20 5 1 134 3 18 5 27
9 8 8 2 4 10 36 3 99 2 939 6 08 6 ~6 1 2 89 8 4 1 0 22 2
9 9 8 2 0 2 896 4 25 7 995 2 09 0 39 7 2 951 4 41 8 28
1 9 0 9 3 6 2 43 5 51 4 1 50 0 11 0 8 38 0 32 5 5 1 5 17 8 24
1 1 100 3 0 12 87 5
0 78 3 11 6 0 15 0 9 44 0 93 5 0 7 6 10 0 21
1 1 11 0 4 0 734 1 5 6 31 5 17 3 1 10 1 4 4s 1 53 0 4 3 6 13 4 28
1 1 121 4 1 23 05 1 7 94 2 13 0 4 18 2 1 44 1 13 9 8 9 7 27 5 25
}2 1 I 85 1 4 1 36 9 67 7 8 19 7 8 15 2 3 592 74 4. 3 8520 4 22 9
1 1 I }23 52 4 :~4 8 41 6 1 54 5 13 3 8 50 3 34 2 8 1 9 24 5 2 0
1 1: 31 5 92 48 9 8 9 57 6 11 2 2 13 3 6 68 3 94 6 3 7 9 28 8 2 9
1 1 143 6 3 54 4 31 39 8 0 17 2 015 4 863 4 554 9 3, 23 40 2
I
381
WEIGHT OF SHELLS k HEADS
WALL THICKNESS
1*8 1-1/16“
DIAM.
/ESSEL SHELL HEAD SHELL HEAD
1.s. 0.s. ELLIP F.&D. HEMIS 1.s. 0.s. ELLIP F.&D. HEMIS
12 139 117 98 76 93 148 124 104 83 100
14 160 138 118 93 124 171 147 125 102 132
16 182 160 144 113 159 193 169 153 122 170
18 203 181 168 139 198 216 192 178 150 212
~o 224 202 200 162 242 239 215 212 175 259
-)? 246 223 228 187 290 262 238 242 202 310
24 267 245 257 214 343 284 260 277 231 366
26 289 266 288 242 400 307 283 311 261 427
28 310 287 330 273 462 330 306 350 294 493
30 331 308 374 313 528 352 328 397 338 563
32 353 330 421 347 598 375 351 448 373 638
34 374 351 471 383 673 398 374 500 412 7! 7
36 396 372 523 421 752 420 396 562 452 801
38 417 393 579 , 460 835 443 419 614 495 890
40 438 415 637 502 923 466 442 677 539 984
42 459 436 698 556 1015 489 465 741 597 1082
48 523 500 897 698 1318 557 533 953 749 1404
54 587 564 1121 869 1661 625 601 1191 931 1769
60 651 628 1371 1059 2043 693 669 1457 1134 2175
66 715 692 1646 1“268 2465 761 737 1749 1357 2624
72 779 756 1945 1496 2926 829 805 2067 1590 3114
78 844 821 2270 i 743 3427 897 874 2412 1851 3647
84 908 885 2620 2008 3967 965 942 2783 2134 4221
90 972 949 2994 2292 4547 1033 1010 3181 2435 4838
96 1036 1013 3394 2596 5166 1101 1078 3606 2758 5496
102 1100 1077 3819 2917 5825 1169 1146 4057 3099 6197
108 1164 1141 4268 3258 6523 1237 1214 4535 ‘3462 6939
114 1228 1205 4743 3617 7261 1306 1282 5038 3843 7724
120 1292 1269 5175 3996 8039 1374 1350 5498 4246 8550
126 1356 1333 5697 4393 8856 1442 1418 6053 4667 9419
132 1420 1397 6243 4809 9712 1510 1486 6633 5108 10329
138 1484 1461 6815 5243 10609 1578 1554 7241 5571 11282
144 1549 1526 7411 5697 1I 544 1646 1623 7874 6053 12276
382
W O S & H
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
1 / - 8 1 ” 1 6 - 3 /
D I A M .
/ E SS SH E E H
L L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 . E . FS
L s.L .
H E
&I 1. M
P
D0 . EI. . FS
L
s s.L .
H &I .
E
1 1 1 15 93 2 118 11 100 160 396 117 7
1 1 1 18 14 5 132 115 143 109 1~
61 142 2
1 2 1 10 17 6 166 32 9 183 121 181 178 48
1 2 2 13 180 280 623 229 ~24 116 203 73
Z 2 2 ( 25 12 ) 224 827 275 296 236 238 08
~ 2 2 27 ~
25 358 121 236 279 260 374 34
2 3 2 20 27 4 39~ 435 298 381 280 419 69
2 3 2 32 62 9 436 839 353 314 314 5 45 ’ 05
2 3 3 35 32 8 570 133 321 357 344 590 30
3 3 3 47 03 4 524 637 391 429 368 645 85
1 1 01 2 4 2 323 2 1 6 92 9 12 5 8 16 3 6 42 2 0 39 5 7 6 94 3 99 8
1 1 1 03 4 2 13 8 8 7 26 0 14 3 6 12 3 5 56 3 8 76 0 5 757 6 57 7
1 1 11 3 5 3 84 3 5 8 40 3 16 1 7 16 4 8 50 4 64 7 6 3 8 13 3 16 1
1 1 1 24 5 4 54 08 2 9 64 2 18 0 9 12 5 6 66 5 34 2 1 0 9 77 4 75 6
1 1 21 5 6 5 264 4 0 9 89 0 10 9 4 19 6 8 62 5 1 52 7 81 3 2 60 3 3
1 1 1 36 7 5 05 20 71 04 2 0 13 1 914 6 470 6 9 57 4 61 0 7 1 1 0 3
1 1 31 6 7 6 785 6 41 28 6 1 15 9 917 7 589 7 6 66 0 31 6 2 9 2 6 4
1 1 147 8 7 46 43 11 44 3 3 17 0 018 8 188 8 4 60 8 11 2 7 0 3 2 8
383
WEIGHT OF SHELLS & HEADS
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
1 - 1 / 4 ” 1- 5 / 1 6
D I A M .
J E S
S SH E E H
L L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 : [. &1
E 0D
M ]I, ‘LS .;L EI
&
1 1 ] z?7 14 2 17 104 12 185 150
1 127 10
1 2 0 14 14 2 16 9 170 38
1 Q 3 1 6 20 5 20 4 10 4 66
1 2 ~ 5 18 27 8 25 1 13 4 94
2 2 8 J 0 34 l 21 o 260 22
2 3 1 22 31 4 ~7 2 291 50
2 3 3 2 4 47 8 33 4 318 08
2 3 36 36 75 4 2 31 2 340 46
2 3 49 3 8 15 1 6 328 0 377 84
3 4 41 40 67 0 47 2 400 22
~ 4 2
54 4 72 4 4 456 6 439 70
3 4 57 44 81 9 459 0 553 28
3 4 69 5 6 69 7 5 475 1 582 1 860
3 5 72 68 12 4 0 0 54 5 1 671 1 351
4 5 5 75 61 0 19 1 581 56 6 4 684 1 932
7 9 9 2 7 1 44 2 3 89 3 56 9 29 8 23 1 395 3 9 6 18
7 1 1 0 2 0 52 8 8 2 4 92 3 53 0 17 1 24 0 2 19 7 4 3 9 5 5
8 1 1 1 3 1 32 2 4 0 4 95 7 1197
59 3 1159
5 8 37 2 84 5 6 5 2
9 1 1 2 3 1 12 0 7 8 5 $8 4 1281
5 7 9 12 1 34 2 3 59 4 6 0 4 3 0
9 1 1 2 4 2 93 2 6 6 6 92 4 15 4 7 12 3 9 44 3 63 1 4 2 6 54 7 8 8
1 1 01 3 4 3 732 7 4 7 s6 7 16 3 7 14 4 1 58 4 43 7 0 1 7 98 3 86
1 1 1 04 5 4 54 38 2 8 51 3 16 1 0 16 5 9 56 4 34 2 6 9 8 33 2 66
1 1 11 5 5 5 344 9 0 9 55 2 16 1 5 15 6 168 5 14 ( 2 8 9 77 4 05
1 1 1 26 6 5 15 40 81 !0 6 016 3 015 7 692 6 05( 8 61 12 10 4
1 1 21 7 7 6 056 1 61 C51 2 16 3 11 7 70 7 851 5 : 41 68 01 8
1 1 1 37 7 7 86 82 41 1(0 0 16 5 1~ 88 81 8 762 2( 31 03 ~ 2 2
1 18 31 8 68S 68 2I 35 5( 16 3 9 11 9 086 9 56 / 9 11 49 7 3 6
1 19 1 4 9 49 7 24 01 1( 6 426 6 24~ 0 985 0 37 ( 7 01 85 5 5 0
384
1- 3 / 8 ” 1- 7 / 1 6
D I A M .
J E SS SH E E H
L L E L SA H D E H L EL A
7 1 1 0 2 0 72 72 3 4 80 0 18 0 8 13 1 6 23 0 2 25 8 8 48 1 4 32
7 1 ] ] 21 3 62 8 1 4 64 5 1 76 2 12 2 5 34 1 2 27 3 7 40 5 1 59
8 1 1 2 3 2 52 64 1 5 47 3 14 5 9 15 3 0 31 2 1 23 8 6 52 9 1 77
9 1 1 3 4 3 43 0 1 0 6 21 5 12 3 8 12 4 0 44 3 0 33 3 6 64 3 6 05
9 1 1 4 4 3 33 76 9 7 06 0 10 1 0 14 4 5 42 4 9 39 9 5 76 7 3 24
1 1 01 5 5 4 142 2 7 8 80 9 18 0 4 11 5 6 56 5 8 48 5 4 88 ~ 5 44
1 1 1 06 5 5 04 I897 6 9 6 1 16 0 11 6 3 65 6 8 42 ~ 3 90 7 0 64
1 1 11 6 6 6 954 5 5. 40 60 14 1 0 77 7
j 564 7 50 ~8 1 22 90 ~
1~ 1 1 7 7 7 85 1o 4! 1 35 6 13 1 3 12 8 2 75 8 6 52 5 2115 7 1 C6
1 1 21 8 7 8 766 8 3~2 10 8 11 2 8 12 9 4 84 9 5 69 ~ 11 7 3 62 2
1 1 1 39 8 9 56 26 1I3 96 3 ~9 4 5 26 0 3 96 0 4 60 1 01 9 9 1 4 4
1 2 ~
3 0 9 0 478 4 01 72 : 427 5 624 1 696 0 4 76 8 91 1 5 8 5 i
1 2 2 41 1 0 307 4 9I52 58 ~45 9 8 2f ~ 5 1 2 1 3 085 817 3 2 645
385
1 / - 2 1 ”
D I A M .
‘ E SS SH E E HL L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 . L . S‘ L s[. . IE&1. M
0DP . II. . sL
‘S sI.L . E&I .
1 2 1 11 162 166 328 152 142 170 177 44
1 2 2 14 410 198 620 292 26 08 20 7
1 2 2 28 13 6 230 922 254 29 42 24 1
1 3 2 21 826 372 334 211 42 73 37 4
2 3 2 34 29 0 324 736 381 16 01 31 8
3 5 4 63 58 2 96 6 658 521 26 04 91 8
3 5 5 76 46 2 1 38 1500 58 3 89 84 1 4 10
3 6 5 80 6 56 1 10 7621 57 5 62 87 1 8 52
3 6 5 93 87 8 1 03 3652 63 8 86 50 1 1 83
4 6 6 96 81 0 1 95 0674 61 1 29 84 1 4 14
4 6 6 1 9 2840 1 7 8 8795 46 5 52 87 1 8 56
4 7 7 1 9 1 438 2 13 8 850 0 87 1 32 87 2 8 51
5 8 8 1 8 14 47 2 39 2 915 6 98 3 82 77 2 8 56
6 9 9 2 8 3 1 10 ’3 65 1 1 71 3 19 0 1 6 2 157 387 52
6 1 1 0 2 0 816 5 3 3 29 2 14 7 5 16 1 5 4 0 22 3 7 3 90 59 4
7 1 11 1 2 72 392 4 82 8 1 C4 7 10 2 4 2 1 2 29 7 4 93 56
7 1 1 2 3 2 728 4 2 5 46 7 16 2 4 12 3 0 4 2
3635 22 5 7 5 97 54
8 1 1 3 4 3 73 04 2 6 C0 0 12 0 4 i33 4 2 44 23 171 6 01 8 62
9 1 1 4 4 4 630 5 1 6 64 6 18 8 7 19 5 9 42 4 23 5 7 7 7 96 8 61
9 1 1 5 5 5 63 16 1 7 ;9 7 14 8 3 13 6 2 5C 5 24 9 4 7 8 90 1 61
1 1 01 6 5 6 524 8 1 8 ?4 1 1C 8 1 15 7 2 64 6 24 3 0 7 9 S5 8 62
1 1 170 7 6 54 084 9 49 9 1 {8 2 16 8 7 68 7 2 5 5 7 71 5 1 90 6
1 1 11 8 7 8? 545 01 2 14 2 6 911
0 19 878 38 57 5 71 6( 4 1 6
1 19 12 7 48 6 08 91 0; 6 22< 3 114 0 58E 9S 368 71 2 (2 2 6
1 2 21 0 8 9 46 6 91 ;6 2
5 32 1: 3 3 2 896 30 69 0 71 9( 43 6
1 2 2 3 1~ 9 37 0 25 1 {2 9429 6 6~ (1 z 10 7; 378 70 1 (5 25 6
1 2 ! 32 1 2 1 087 ( 813 3 6392 ’ 025 3 121 2 308; 717 (2 636
1 2 2 4 3 1 2 2 38 4 817 135 2
2 : 4 9 1 { 4 31 S 3 318 ( 717 (9 84 6
386
1 - 5 / 8 ” 1 /1 - 16 1
D I A M .
‘ E SS SH E E HL L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 0 L L [ IE 1 MD
P . II sL
‘S [.L . E&I
1 2 1 13 18 2 186 250 164 143 186 97 66
1 2 2 27 411 211 285 217 286 128 33 92
1 3 2 20 24 6 265 329 273 210 257 79 38
1 3 2 34 828 300 634 244 35 294 25 84
2 3 3 37 31 0 455 039 319 349 337 71 10
7 7 1 5 90 1 1 7 9 716 57 9 18 1 82 2 80 5 7 1
8 8 1 6 1 05 2 21 2 851 1 78 9 6
19 7
1 35 62 9 5 7
9 9 1 6 1 09 2 5 0 1 97 0 09 0 6 15 0 1 14 9 45 8 3 6
1 1 0 2 0 61 3 1 3 97 1 13 3 9 14 1 8 27 0 1 1 8 4 5 2 8 1 1 8
1 1 1 2 1 72 7 1 4 41 6 17 0 4 18 2 8 24 1 2 2 0 8 5 1 2 9 9 2
1 1 2 3 2 72 2 2 4 84 6 11 8 9 14 3 3 2 2 22 6 6 96 7 0
1 1 3 3799
3 82 2 5 28 15 6 9 1 4 5 3965
7 3 3 3008
7 7 5884
7 6
1 1 4 4 4 83 3 3 6 62 7 10 5 9 15 5 4 4565
8 4 43 2 8 65 4 4 8 4
1 1 5 4 5 93 9 3 7 07 9 14 4 6 14 6 9 5207
2 5 53 0 9 73 9 2 7 2
1 1 6 5 6 94 6 3 8 42 5 18 5 5 10 7 7 7
0 5892 64 4 0 8 14 08 4
1 1 7 6 7 94 3 4 9 87 4 12 5 8 18 8 8 6618
2 8 64 1 0 99 9 89 6
1 1 1 09 7 8 05 80 41 33 0
8 16 3 718 9 2 8
‘7388
9 75 3 1
1 85 1 6 6
1 2 11 0 7 9 045 8 51 79 6 120 2 927 0 28198
4 0 8 68 21 6 1 24 7
1 2 2 21 8 0 16 05 5 1 15 7 324 4 125 1 981 1 9 68 9 31 4 8 3 3 3 1
1 2 22 2 9 1 176 4 5 1 51 3 429 9 521 3 390 2 0 73 8 4 1 2 4 2 5 1 9
1 - 3 / 4 ” 1 3 6 - /
D I A M .
J E S S
SHELL E L
H E SA H D E
‘ H L EL A
1 0 L ? L [. E1
I& 0DP
M I. ‘S [. E&
1 2 1 25 19 2 107 27 2 186 262 192 117 87
1 2 2 29 242 244 139 233 210 238 256 26
1 3 2 23 26 6 392 437 204 394 273 314 64
1 3 3 36 280 339 934 378 368 315 353 13
20 4 3 30 34 497 242 359 472 355 422 42
42 8 7 1 1 1 53 1 08 1 838 5 17 3 13 4 1 973 1 81 7 89
48 9 8 1 3 1 66 2 30 7 953 3 08 7 126 1 897 2 43 4 44
54 1 9 0 2 41 70 2 26 7 1 79 2 14 0 8 20 0 8 1 6 1 1 3 0 6 6 01
60 1 1 1 2 0 51 5 8 3 49 2 19 6 6 13 1 6 23 1 9 2 4 6 2 3 6 0 3 68
66 1 1 2 3 2 62 0 0 4 73 1 11 4 0 15 3 1 38 2 1 2 0 1 4 4 3 4 4 35
72 1 1 3 3 3 72 5 1 5 97 5 13 2 1 12 4 2 35 3 22 6 7 5 5 98 0 94
78 1 1 4 4 4 93 1 2 6 11 3 16 1 1 11 5 1 49 4 43 1 3 7 6 52 0 53
84 1 1 6 4 5 03 7 3 7 25 5 18 0 8 16 6 6 48 5 63 5 9 9 7 17 4 13
90 1 1 7 5 6 14 4 5 8 50 2 10 0 9 11 7 8 51 7 74 9 6 0 8 72 3 73
96 1 1 8 6 7 24 1 6 9 76 3 12 1 2 14 8 8 66 8 94 1 3 2 9 37 7 35
,
388
W O S & H
W T AH I CLK N L
E S S
1 - 1
D I A M .
4 E S
S SH E E H
L L EL SA H D E H L EL A
?1
. . 4 4 40 59 143 87 549 7 25
2 4 5 44 4 65 853 86 523 9 86
~ 4 6 ~58 81 453 09 607 0 48
2 5 7 62 8 90 063 21 721 9 39
3 5 7 066 18 63 0 9 4 886 6 21
3 6 8 70 2 18 374 1 3 ( 8 96 3 1 2Z
3 6 9 484 18 074 3 1 2 1 84 50 3 2
3 6 1 98 06 1 8 074 4 6 7 1 28 71 5 3
3 7 1 892 1 1 9 84 6 4 3 1 12 72 6 4
4 7 1 1 6 30 1 0 0 84 8 6 9 0 13 6 53 7 6
4 8 1 12 0 4 1 1 2 94 9 5 9 8 10 0 14 9 8
4 9 1 1 28 2 4 1 1 45 5 7 0 6 12 3 18 3 9
5 1 2 0 14 2 4 3 7 5 14 2 6 3 1 1 12 5 43 7 4
6 1 2 1 2 70 6 3 1 3 14 9 3 7 2 4 22 8 18 2 4
6 1 3 2 26 2 8 4 5 6 14 7 0 8 4 4 36 0 33 6 9
7 1 3 4 2 82 0 5 9 4 15 6 4 6 5 1 34 3 89 0 9
7 1 4 5 38 4 2 6 3 7 15 5 8 0 6 6 40 5 86 4 4
8 ] 7qo1 5 6 3 14 4 7 8 4 15 5 8 1698
1 7 9 56 7 4015
23 8 5
9 1840 1 5 7 40 8 6 8 3 5 15 6 8 18 9 9 63 0 4552
00 2 8
9 1 6 8 64 6 ’8 9 9. ~5?8 4 0 6 68
5 1947 2 5123
28 7 7
1 0~ (7 ) 25 4( 1 35 3 125 1 12071
6 1 078 5 58 7 17 1 2
1 1 ~10 8 6 282( 1 9 22 6 2
425I95 281 ) 7 69 6 54 0 1
I1 2 9 2 ] 64 4 1~ 8 326 o 3
9 82319 290 9 73~5 9 4
1 ~2 30 f 7 00 j 1 6( 2 52j 0 22443
4 5 904 2 72 3 i 38 5 5
\2 ~ 14 86g 0 1 ( 3 1 62 j 76
5 82567 315 4 84 4 7 63 2 3
1 1 23 2 6 9 20 0 1 1 5 826 4 42692
8 7 5~0 7 91 4 24 6 4
1 32 3 7 89 1 2 2 I4 9 4 16 6 28
6 I6
8 30 9 0 62 6 22 2 9
I4 ~ 48 ~0 4 4 . 2 ( 8 J 13j ( 1 9~940
) 0 4
06 2 71 7 01 5 7
I [
389
WEIGHT OF SHELLS & HEADS I
W T AH I C LK N E
L S S
2 “ 2 1 4
D I A M .
‘ E SS SH E E HL L E L SA H D E H L EL A
1 2 2
L
29 21 2
L [
259
IE
3 14
MP
2 16
;I
34 0
J
‘LS
21 5
[. L
202
E&I
46
1 3 2 34 425 202 3 57 2 80 39 9 28 1 351 92
1 3 2 38 39 6 364 4 09 3 51 37 36 469 40
1 4 3 2 4 ’ 834 417 4 52 3 34 48 8 47 9 527 09
J 4 3 47 48 O 580 505 4 34 430 42 1 695 67
3 7 6 92 84 2 1 66 8012 7 3 6 1 24 919 0 13 1 25 4
3 7 6 16 488 0 1 9 6 8844 78 2 1 72 1 63 1 1 10 3 36
3 8 7 11 92 16 1 2 8 9567 8.1 1 812 1 16 2 1 91 7 18
3 8 7 15 862
10 1 4 9 9 497 88 5 16 ; 1 57 3 2 72 8 90
4 8 8 19 1 1 40 1 71 2 [ 259 3 91 3 104 1 07 5 21 3 1 72
4 9 8 14 12 5 5 2 02 5 1 51 5 90 0 21( 6 1 56 6 23 4 5 54
4 1 9 0 1 6 158 98 28 6 1 537 1 82 4 2 1( 0 1 51 0 38 8 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 2 1 9 14 4 1 3 6 9 3 11 4 01 6 3 4 252 52 46 4 32 1 3 4 9
6 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 90 3 4 5 2 5 19 2 7164 2 3~ 3 9212 8 46 6 0 8 8
6 1 1 4 3 3 5 26 5 6 5 3 7 2 17 0 01 6 6 73/5 4368 3 50 0 3 2 7
7 1 1 5 4 4 8 3 1 12 9 6 1 4 1 640 1 5 7 1 4 6( 8 3 3 5 7 64 6 1 6 8
7 1 1624
7 4 0 38 8 79 6 1 1 0 4 1 4 9 2 5 : 8 2 4 : 2 2 89 1 6 1 0
8 1 1752
8 5 3 4 1 54 8 7 7 2 41 1 3 0 2 6 9! 7 4 7 0 6 93 7 5 5 1
9 1 1880
9 6 4
6 0 3 9 5 0 2 2 22 2 2 9 6 ; 1 1 5 Z 9
7 0 1 7 3 10 9
9 2 2008
0 7 9 5 16 1 4 2 2 02 825 2 3 74 [ 2 6 66 8 51 1 0 21 3
1 2 02137
2 7 2 25 9 1 28 9 9 2 3 2 275 8 ’3 0 61 ?7 9 1 5 7 93 7
1 2 2265
03 8 56 89 1 0 6 132 22 1 6 98 ’ 5I 5 7? 4 150 5 2 0
1 2 12393
4 9 7 47 8 1 8 3 8 42 4 27C 7 [ 7! 6 9 08( 1
8 84 3 696
1 2 2521
26 1 008 0: 16 6 6291 322 9 14 1 8 3 195 3 18 8 1 870
1 2 22645
7 1 3168 18 4 7329 924 0 [39 1 9 81 2 0 720 2 500 4
1 2 2777
38 1 629 2 18 3 7[ 36 9 4 3; 2 7 1 : 1 2141 1213 6 2008
1 2 32906
9 1 9148 201 1 63
1O 3
2 3 15
5C 2: 2 7 1 5 622 1
1 940 3
1 3 3034
41 1 115 5 4 22 $ 33 3 431 5 [01 4( 116$ 0239 4 6057
390
WEIGHT OF PIPES AND FITTINGS
I I E L B R OE W
T U R
N O M . T
N . O MP 9 I 9 P 40 E10 15° 8 ° 8 0 ” 0
P D IW I GP W
N A ~E A
1f O NL L St . LL . R L . . R S . . R . . R . R
T H K .
S I Z E
S .T 0.9
1 0.2 0
D 9 0 0.
XS . T 11 0.3G 4 . 70 01 . 0. 2
1/2 SCH. 160 . 11 8 . 7 3 0
XX STG . 12 9 . 4 7
r 1
S .T 11 D0.2 1 . 30 01 . 0. 1
XS . T 11 0G5 . 40. 05 3. 0. 2
S 1 C . 6 12
H . 10 . 8 9 0
X S . T 23 X G0 . 8 4
I 1
I
S .T 1 D0 3 0 30. 0. 04. 03. .3
XS . T 1 0G 7 90. 1 5. 0. 3
1 S 1 C . H
6 2 0. 5 0 0 00. 1. 06. 14. .3
X S . T 3 X0 G5 0 80. 1. 18. 15. 4.
I
L
S .T 72 D5 1 3. 62. 16. 60. 0 70 . .6
3 XS . T 1 3 6G 0 0 4 . 03. 31 . 85. 3 83 . .5
S 1 C . 61 4
H 8. 4 3 0 6 . 84, 31 . 1 5. 8 1 02 . 40
X S . T 1 6 1X 8 G0 7 1 . 05 . 26 . 10 . 2 1 34 . 83
I I
391
WEIGHT OF PIPES AND FITTINGs
—
1
E L B R OE TW U R N
N . O 4 M 0
?lPE
T EIF AO
I M 9
L St
. 10
.
1 8 1
T° 8 0
P
S
EI N G
I
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P
Z r E H
N
K
LL .
.
L .
T
R S . R , . R .
I R
ml n
1
% 4
S .T 92 6 2 4.
D 63. 1 .1 98. 3 95 . 5.
3 XS . T 1 3 8G2 1 6 . 84. 15. 14. 6 1 0 2 . 52
X S . T 2 6 1X 2 G3 I 1 6 . 68 .39 . 2 .
2
0 .1 0 2 0 5 8
S 1 .237 ’ 1 90
D 6 . 4. 18. 0. 8 13 . 52
XS .337T 1 1 5G 83 . 6 . 2 0 . 5 .5 15 . 15
4 S C H .438
. 11 2 10 9 1 5 . 70 . 30 . 6. 1 24 . 83
S 1 C .531 H62 1.2 01 8 . 82 . 45 . 0. 0 20 . 85
X S .674 T 2 2X 7 G 1 0 . 1 3 . 45 0 . 0 0 . 20 . 8 5
S .T 1 2 1D 4 5 95 . 8 . 36. 51 0 269 . 1
XS . T 2 3 2 0G 7 1 2 . 5 4 . 48 . 02 4 20 8 . 6
5 S C H . . 1 2 52 20 7 0 1 7 . 0 8 . 50 . 38 5 46 7 . 4
S 1 C . H63 6 3 .3 2 2
0 2 . 5 2 . 60 . 40 5 50 4 . 5
X S . T 3 7 3X 8 G5 2 6 . 0 4 . 67 . 40 2 40 8 . 0
S .T 1 2 2D 9 8 1 4 . 10 8 . 50 2 . 35 0 . 30 5 . 40
XS . T 2 4 3 8G 3 2 5 . 12 3 . 76 7 . 40 0 . 40 6 . 5 0
6 S 1 C . 23 5
H 4 .6 6 03 5 . 22 0 . 94 2 . 26 0 . 60 0 . 6 4
S 1 C . 64 7
H 5 .5 1 03 7 . 38 8 . 13 0 . 207 . 060 6 .0 2
X S ,
T 5 8G 6X 3 6. 4 5 . 34 4 . 12 2 . 380 . 060 7 ,0 8
SCH. 2 . 2 2 3 2 5 02 6 . 10 4 . 47 8 . 45 3 , 54 8 . 2 4
S 3 C . H2 2 4 . 4 7 02 0 . 27 7 . 87 0 . 59 1 . 50 4 . 4 7
S .T 2 3 5D 8 2 3 0 . 22 4 . 96 3 . 60 5 . 50 8 . 0 5
S 6 C . H3 4 5 . 5 0 03 8 . 26 9 . 16 9 . 107 . 771 C8 .4
X S T.500 4G 7 . 3 . 47.51 . 3 . 14 5 4100.00 . 27 .0 5
8 S 1 C .593 H 05 8 .0 05 4 . 4 6 . 19 2 . 6112.00 . 890 .0 7
S 1 C .718 H 26 1 . 0 06 . 05 6 2.6 0 . 018 . 11
230 .34 5
S 1 C .812 H 46 1 . 7 107 . 15 4 2.8 5 . 210 . 1240 3.90
S 1 C .906 H 67 1 . 4 208 . 06 0 2.7 2 . 310 . 1060 ( .00 5
X S T.875 7 G 1 X2 . 1 7 . 86 2.4 0 301 . 165 9[ .80 4
S 2 C . H2 2 5 . 8 5 03 6 . 20 8 .1 0 8 . 18 . 472 .4 3
S 3 C , H3 3 7 . 4 0 04 1 . 37 6 . 1 .2 . 454 388. 1 .7
10 S T . D4 3 8 . 0 6 5 8 . 45 8C . 15 . 7C3 78C .. 5
x s ’ . r 5 5G 1 4 . 0 07 . 75C 0C 2 .7 . 1(3 15C ( . .0
( c o n t . )
I
392
S 2 C . H3 2 . 83 50 5 . 04 41 12 165 01
S 3 C . H4 3 1. 3 30 7 . 005 82 18 11 2 44
S T . D4 3 1. 9 7 8 . 526 62 15 13 0 52
S 4 C . H5 4 1. 3 00 8 . 636 62 12 16 8 76
XS . T 6 5 1G 5 0 1 . 068 430 20 124 14
1 S 6 C . H7 5 .1 3 60 1 . 289 232 22 261 41
S 8 C . H8 6 2. 8 80 1 . 711 644 209 236 99
S 1 C . 01 8
H 0 2. 4 08 1 . 316 0 57 338 337 54
S 1 C 1 21.
H 02 3. 005 2 0. 1 5 60 451 327 15
S 1 C 1 41.
H 14 3. 020 2 5. 14 0 63 477 491 64 0
S 1 C 1 .H
61 ! 6 4.3 01 13 2. 25 0 90 620 410 05
S 1 C . H3 2 .1 7
50 7 . 005 20 16 11 0 43
S 2 C 3 H4 .1 6
0 8 , 236 02 12 26 7 76
S T . D5 3 1. 5
7 1 . 568 300 20 125 10
S 4 C . H6 4 30 1
1. 3 . 889 302 23 262 41
XS . T 7 5 2 G2
0 1 . 010 404 205 200 70
S 6 C . H8 5 90 1
2. 5 . 314 406 325 393 23
1
SCH. 80 .750 1 0 310 72 . 154 060 4 369
15 1
S 1 C . H01 9 3. 301 .7 0
S 120 C 1 H1. 05 4. 91 3. 22 08 15 5 3
S 1 C 1 41.
H 27 . 051 0. 0
S 1 C 1 61.
H 49 5. 003 6. 27 108 7820 2 9 66
S 1 C . H 4 2 .1 2 05 9 . 036 0 19 2 2 89
I 2 C . H 5 3 .1 2 01 1 . 278 01 22 25 36
1 ; 3 SC . H T 6 3 .2 3 07 D1 . 510 03 206 12 60
S C SH . 4 8T 05 X2 3 0 C
1 . 017 07 336 24 45
I 6 C . H1 6 0.3 05 82 . 615 03 475 46 78
( c o n t . )
393
W O P A F
E L B R OE W
T U R
N O M . o T
N O M .
P D 1M I G pN‘ A T !EIA O N: l L :O : L: ; O E
;. 5 ;; . 8 : .8 : .
S I ZT EH K .
- ● ● 4 f - -
( c o n t . )
S 8 C . H 18 .4 40 33 352 907 602 500 05
S C H 1. 1 . 1O 0O 3 6 1 5
1 S C H 1. 1 . 12 20 1 9 8 3
S 1 C 1 H4. 2 4. 03 2 8 4
S 1 C 1 H6. 2 5 8. 0 9 54 3 40 1 45 1 096 00 1 5
S 1 C . H 42 .1 50 1 078 31 7 26 258 28
S 2 C . H 53 .2 10 1 21 44 9 219 336 ~ 90
S T. 73 D2 7 1 516 56 1 320 217 36
S 3 C . H 84 3. 30 2 801 60 2 485 315 14
XS . T 95 3G 0 2 041 61 3 406 399 37
S 4 C . H 15 3. 60 20 291 755 509 589 15
1 . 092 87
S 6 C H 17 4. 50 33 948 64 680
S 8 C . 0 19
H 6. 3’ 47 37 1 21 8142 72 6 47
S 1 C 1 0. 2
H 1. 05 0 6 8
S 1 C 1 2. 2
H 3. 07 4 5 4
S 1 C 1 4. 2
H 5. 06 7 2 5
S 1 C 1 6. 3
H 7. 08 0 1 9
S 1 C . H 52 .2 50 1 01 44 3 270 434 89
S 2 SC . H T 73 .3 07 2
D 521 61 9 406 340 10
S C H . 3 .0 X S1 5T G4 0 20 02 875 50 435 56
S 4 C . H 15 .5 09 32 302 1 33 665 0 78 1 73
S 6 C . H 18 .6 01 46 293 157 904 3 87 8 15
20
SCH.80 1.031 209 861 573 431 1722 1146 1021
S 1 C 1 H
0 . 2 2. 08 5 1 6
S 1 C 1. H
2 52 . 0 O9 C 7
S 1 C 1 H
4 . 3 7. 054 0 2
S 1 C 1 H
6 . 3 9. 067 8 9
J O M
L1. DU w
, R E ’ 1 ’ U
N O M .P I P E I ’
V A 9 L 9 L40 10 ’ 15° 8 ” 8 0 ”
P ) IE S I GP N A ’ EI1 FI O N ’ 1
HL S . L
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S I Z [ E’ K
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. 15 6 2 2 9
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. 62 5 0 7
. 83 1 2 4
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26 . 15 7 0 3 023 16 964 8 5 5
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3 6 1 21306 1 22 1 2 0
30 . 119
3 7 7 4 53367 16 930
44 1 4 6 0
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5 9 0 6 074881 1 . 1235
59 1 8 5 2
395
W O F
S L I S L I P L
O S PN TO U V
D S E N
1 2 . 2. 10 1. 0 2. 0. 2.0 5 .0
% 1 2 . 2. 15 2. 0 3. 0. 3.0 25 .0
1 2 2 8. 2. 1. 0 3. 5 40. 0. 4. 0 20 .0
1% 2 2 1 . 3.0 15 . 4. 5 05 . 1 0. 6. 04 25 . .0
2 5 6 1 . 4.6 10 . 7. 0 08 . 1 0. 8. 59 40 . .0
2% 8 1 2 .0 71 . 10 . 10. 10 . 0 2 02 . 1 58 . 70 2 . 0
3 9 1 2 .1 94 . 10 . 15. 10 . 3 3 06 . 1 56 . 70 6 . 0
3 1 3 2 1 1 . 3 3 . 10 . 20 . 6 40 0 . 2 55 . 70 1 . 0
4 1 1 2 4 6 .1 7 . 40 7 . 2 0 . 20 . 1 50 5 . 2 04 . 70 7 . 0
5 1 2 3 5 0 .2 7 . 60 0 . 20 . 30 . 6 80 4 . 3 06 . 80 5 . 0
6 1 2 8 7 4 .2 7 . 60 6 . 30 . 40 . 5 1 0 5 .05 0 . 81 0 0 ..0
8 2 4 8 1 2 .4 . 0 06 5 50 . 37 . 4 10 0 . 8 5 . 51 0 1 08
10 3 5 7 1 5 .7 . 510 0 70 5 . 09 7 .2 0 9 .1 0 . 13 0 20 8
1 6 8 0 2 5 1. . 11 0 1 0 5 15 .210 14 0 840 82 9
22 159 2 32 6 433
34 9 4 .3 52 0 1 9
24 2 260 439
1 4 70 14 1 5 .198 47 0 1 02 5
26 2 270 470
4 4 98 95 3 6 .85 19 6 2 27 5
30 3 375 600
1 6 19 871 82 117. 150 1 3 94 3 8
I I
396
W O F
I 4 l 600 lbs.
S
O
J
L I P
N
S
O
1 L
. O
I
N
P
S N T
G
h 2 3 . 2. 10 2. 0 3. 0. 2.0
.0 10 0
% 3 3 . 3. 2.0
0 3. 5 3 0. 3.0
. 20 5
1 3 4 1 . 4. 1 2.0
5 . 3-0 04 1 0. 4.0
.1 25 . 0
l% 4 5 1 . 6 .4 2.0
5 . 4. 5 05 1 0. 6.0
.4 25 . 5
l% 6 8 1 . 8 .7 35 . 6- 0 08. 1 0. 8.57 35 . .0
2 8 1 2 .0 1 1 . 4 00 . 08 . 10 . 20 . 0 1 51 . 4 00 . 0
V/i 1 1 2 2 4 .1 9 . 07 5 . 10 . 10 . 2 20 4 . 1 59 . 80 5 . 0
3 1 1 5 3 8 .2 8 . 07 0 . 10 . 10 . 5 30 8 . 2 78 . 80 0 . 0
3 2 2 1 4 6 . 29.0
8 . 10 . 20 1 20 1 . 4 6 . 29.0
6 8 . 10 . 01
4 2 3 4 6 0 . 33.07 . 10 . 30 2 30 3 . 8 7 . 41.0
0 0 . 10 . 02
5 3 3 1 9 9 . 44.00 . 10 . 60 2 60 3 .1 8 . 68.0
5 . 21 0 09
2 4 4 6 6 24 685 07 45 951 23 60
30 8 15 1 2 4 95 3 1 9 150 1 16 2 5 , 3 5 3 5 8 9 2 0 7
1 J
397
z
W FLANGES
9 l 1500 l
N O M .
1
P I P . E
O N
S I W Z E L SG
D
.
V L E I L P D
N E 3E CL$ TIKO Ui
N D E 3S CL
~N IK
T
6 7 . 4. 30 6. 0 7. 0. 4 .2 30 .0
6 7 . 6. 30 6. 0 7. 0. 6 .3 30 .0
7 8 1 . 9 .5 5 . 7. 5 08 1 0. 9 .5 65 . .5
1 1 0 1 0 .1 8 . 0 0 . 10 . 10 0 10 0 . 1 8 . 60 0 . 0
:
1?4 1 1 4 2 4 .1 3 . 0 4 . 10 . 10 4 20 4 . 1 3 . 90 4 . 0
2 2 2 5 4 4 .2 4 . 0 5 . 20 . 20 5 40 4 . 2 4 .10 5 . 02
2%? 3 3 6 6 6 .3 5 . 1 0 5 . 30 9 . 30 6 . 70 6 . 3 0 2 .1 0 5 . 09
3 3 2 1 7 9 .3 2 . 10 2 . 40 2 . 40 8 . 80 8 . 4 5 4 .2 0 8 . 05
3 I
4 5 5 3 9 1 . 5 8 ~ . 25.0
0 4 . 70 . 60 3 1 0 9 . 7 . 13 0 3 0}
I
5 8 8 3 1 6 .8 07 1 0
.433.0 3. 13 2 130 . 12 ( 69.) 40 0
I
6 1 10 118 10. 940.0
.0 10 19 263 16 374 54 6
8 1 1 37 18 162 97 9 20 .37 37 0 16 03
10 2 2 34 26 895 98 5 45 .60 55 0 11 04
20 7 1 .040
91 1 6 361
12 4 0 ~ 27 0 2 1 5. 2 3 00
22
24 1 2 4 1775
1 82 0 00 7 9 3 39 3 3 1 21 6 8 55
26 1 1 4 1650
6 52 5 02 0 0 1 0 5 2 7 2 5
30 1 2 9 2200
2 93 9 00 0 2 2 5 1 3 5 0 0
398
WEIGHT OF FLANGES
— -
2 l
NOM. -
:S E L I L ;D E L I .L LP I D
SIZE
O E C rP
N OKu 3 D E Cs N K N
3/4
7
9
8
9
1 .
.
.
1 .
30
3 00
0
0 .
.
. 0
4
1 1 1 2 2 3 .1 0 . 60 2 . 0 . 0. 0 0
1 1 2 8 3 0 .1 0 . 90 8 . 0 . 0. 0 0
2 38.( 42.C 5 3 5 2 9 . 1 . 0 . C 0
3 83.( 94.( 2 8 5 3 6 . 7 . 0 . ( 0
3
4 .27 1 , 14 ‘ 86 36 5 3 1
5 !10 2 1 24 09 24 0 3 8
6 \23 3 k 37 15 48 40 5 5
8 185 5 5 57 20 36 30 3 2
IC 925 0 1 06 45 28 40 5 5
1 300 6 5 40 66 68 20 4 2
1
20
2:
24
2(
30
399
S S
This gage system replaces U.S. Standard Gage for Steel Sheets.
It is based on Weight 41.82 pounds per square foot per inch of thickness.
In ordering steel sheets, it is advisable to g a g
M M
E S S E S S
3 I . I0 . . I.
4 , . 9 . . 1
5 . . 8 . . 1
6 . . . . I,
7 . . 7 . . .
8 . . 6 . . .
9 I . 6 . . .
. . 5 , . .
. . 5 . . .
. . 4 . . .
. . 3 . . .
. . 3 . . .
. . I 2 . . .
. . 2 . . .
. , 2 . . .
, . 2 . . .
. . 1 . . .
. . 1 , . .
G S
T T
O O
G Equivalent Galv. Lbs. Per E
Lb. per Lb. G
S S G
S
S G ; S
8 1 7 . 0 0 . 3( 0? 1 4 , 2 8 2 158 2 26 8 18 4. 1 . 5 0 .3 1. 1 0 520 6 5
9 1 60 . 2. 4 0 0 . 4. 6 54 2 1 24 5 85 2 8 13 2. 2. 4 0 .0 0 2. 69 5270 65
1 9 5 2. . 7 0. 8 0 4. 1 052 1 21 5 43 2 8 18 0. 2. 2 0 .8 0 3. 18 5280 95
1 8 5 2. . 1 0.5 1 3. 6 S52 1 2485 02 18.5 7 3
1.15625 3.0080295 .0276
12 72.5 4.53125 .031467 .1084 25 16.5 1.03125 .0071615 .0247
13 62.5 3.90625 .027127 .0934 26 14.5 .90625 .0062934 .0217
14 52.5 3.28125 .022786 .0785 27 13.5 .84375 .0058594 .0202
1.5 47.5 2.96875 .020616 .0710 28 12.5 .78125 .0054253 .0187
16 42.5 2.65625 .018446 .0635 29 11.5 .71875 .0049913 .0172
17 38.5 2.40625 .016710 .0575 30 10.5 .65625 .0045573 .0157
18 34.5 2.15625 .014974 .0516 31 9.5 .59375 .0041233 .0142
19 30.5 1.90625 .013238 .0456 32 9.0 .56250 .0039062 .0134
20 26.5 1.65625 .011502 .0396
400
WEIGHT OF PLATES
Pounds Per Linear Foot
Thickness, Inches
‘idth
In. 15<6
? % % % 1
% . . . 1 . 2 . 2 . 63 . 13 . 7 4 . 2 4 7 ~5 . 3 5 . 8 . 3 67 . 8 4
‘ . . /. 3 . 4 . 25 . 26 . 3 71 3 81 4 9. 4 . 1 50 1 61 . 1 6. 1 7 34 .
% . . . 4 . 61 81 8 9. 1 4 .1 01 . 1 62 . 2 4 .2 85 2 37. 2 9. 2 50 2.
1 . . 1 61 8. 1 .1 40 . 1 52 . 2 64 . 2 8 7 . 9 9 . 2 01 2 13 . 3 3 . 3 4 7 . 9
1 . 1 1 8. 1 .1 %0 . 2 03 . 2 65 .2 38 . 2 91 . 63 . 3 36 3 99 . 3 6 .4 24 . 7
1 . 1 Y1 9. 1 .2 22 . 2 65 . 2 89 .3 92 . 3 15 . 38 . 4 51 4 75 . 4 9 .5 11 . 4
1 1 1 . 1 .2 1 .2 %4 . 2 2 8 . 3 92 .3 66 . 4 39. 03 . 4 87 5 50 . 5 2 .5 98 . 2
2 1 1 .2 .2 2 .2 7. 3 8 1 . 3 05 .4 39 . 4 54 . 88 . 5 02 5 36 . 6 5 .6 85 . 9
2 1 1 .? 2 .2 4 .3 49 . 3 33 . 4 18 .4 93 . 5 78 . 53 . 6 37 6 02 . 7 8 .7 62 . 6
2 1 2 .? 2 .3 5 .3 41 . 4 96. 4 31 .5 67 . 5 92 . 27 . 6 53 7 88 . 7 1 .8 49 . 4
2 1 2 . 2 .3 7 .4 %3 . 4 59 . 5 45 .5 20 . 6 16 . 92 . 7 88 8 64 . 8 4 .9 36 . 1
3 1 2 . 3 .3 9 .4 5. 5 11 . 5 58 .6 94 . 7 31 . 67 . 8 03 8 40 . 9 8 .1 12 . 90
4 2 3 . 4 .5 7 . 6 %6 . 71 5 . 8 14 .9 23 . 9 2 2 . 2 1 .1 30 1 391 1 3 21 3. 3 .4
4 2 3 . 4 .5 8 . 6 %8 . 7 7 7 . 8 37 .9 8 6 .1 4 6 . 9 601 55 1 1. 2 1 6 31 5. 4 .5
4 3 4 .3 5 .6 0 . 7 h0 . 8 3 0 . 9 40 .1 5 0 .1 6 00 7011 8. 1 8. 3 1 1 41 1. 5 .6
5 3 4 . 5 .6 1 .7 2. 8 9 3 . 9 53 .1 1 4 .1 8 50 451 1 0. 1 6. 3 1 6 41 7. 5 .7
5 3 4 . 5 .6 3 . 7 %4 . 8 5 5 .1 6 6 .1 8 801 9 91 1. 21 3. 1 0 . 41 2 51 3.6 .7
5 3 4 . 5 . 7 5 . 8 %6 . 9 1 8 .1 8 0 .1 4 101 1 31 8. 21 5. 1 5 . 51 7 61 9.7 .8
5 3 4 . 6 . 7 6 .8 % 8 . 9 7 1 .1 9 3 .1 1511 3 72 5. 31 8. 1 0 . 51 2 71 4.8 .9
6 3 5 . 6 .7 8 . 8 1 .1 3 3 .1 0 601 8911 5. 2 3. 41 2. 1 5 . 61 8 72 0.9 .0
7 4 6 . 7 .9 6 .1 %
1 .1 2 70 [ 6 221 (. 31 4. 5 8 .7 2 3. 2 9. 0 ~ 4 12 0. 3 .4
7 4 6 . 7 .9 7 .1 %3 .1 8 91 1 8 521 1. 41 6. 5 2 .7 2 8. 2 3. 0 2 9 22 5. 3 .5
7 4 6 . 8 .9 9 .1 %5 .1 4 21 1 9 931 2. 41 8. 6 5 .8 2 2. 2 8. 1 2 5 32 1. 4 .6
8 5 6 . 8 .. 1 .1 80 1 0 51 1 0 . 31 (. 51 2 . 7 9 .82 6. 2 3- 2 2 0 32 7. 5 .7
8 5 7 . 8 ., 2 .1 %00 1 6 72 1 1. 41 ;. 51 5.7 3 .9 2 0. 2 8. 2 2 5 42 3 . 6 .8
8 5 7 . 9 .1 4 .1 %201 2 02 1 3. 41 :. 61 8.8 6 . 92 5. 2 3. 3 2 1 52 9 . 7 .8
8 5 7 3. 9 .1 5 .1 A411 8 33 1 4. 41 (. 62 2.8 0 .0 2 9. 2 7. 4 2 6 62 5 . 7 .9
9 5 7 . 9 .1 7 -1 611 4 53 1 5. 51 (. 72 5.9 4 .1 2 3. 2 2. 4 2 1 63 0 . 8 .0
9 5 7 . 9 .1 9 .1 %811 C 83 1 6. 51 :. 72 8.9 8 .1 7. 2 7. 2 7 73 6 9 .
9 6 8 .1 .1 0 01 %021 6 . 4 1 8. 62 1 . 82 1 .0 1 .2 2 2. 2 2. : 3 2 83 2 :0 .
9 6 8 .1 .1 2 01 %221 2 . 4 1 $. 62 4 . 82 4 .0 5 .2 2 6. 2 7. 6 3 7 93 8 .1 .
6 8 .1 .1 3 01 52 1 8 . 4 1 (. 72 6 . 92 8 .1 9 . 32 0, 2 1. 7 3 3 93 4 .1 .
I I
401
WEIGHT OF PLATES
Pounds Per Linear Foot
‘idth
In. 11J6
5/6 % 5 3% 1
6 8 .. . 1 5 0 1 7 31 3. 511. 72 9 . 9~ 1 . 1 3 , 42 4. 3 6 .8 8 03 o. . 4
6 8 .. . 1 6 1 1 9 31 9. 5 ~ 31. 72 2 . ~4 . o2 6 42 9. 3 ..9 3 13 5. . 5
6 9 ., . 1 81 1 1 31 5. 6 ~ 4. 8~ 4 . o2 7 . 2~ 0 . 52 37 . 3 6 . .9 8 2 34 1. ,. 6
1 7 9 . !1 . 1 0 1 13 4. 1 1 6 ~ 5. 8 2 7. 12 0 . 3Z 4J . 53 7. 3 o . 80 4 23 7. .. 7
1 7 9 1. [ .1 1 2 1 %5 4 1 7. 6 ~ 6. 92 0 . 12 3 . 3~ 7 . 63 18 . 3 5 . .1 9 3 3’ 3. 7. 8
1 7 19 . 1 Y. 1 3 21 27 4 1 3 . 7 ~ 8. 92 2 . z2 7 . 42 1 . 63 6 . 93 o.1 4 . 43 9. 3. 9
1 7 9 1. 1 .1 4 21 %9 5 2 9 . 7 2 9. 02 5 . 22 0 . 53 5 . 73 0 . 03 5.2 0 . 54 5. 0. 0
1 7 1 .1 0 1 6 21 2. 5 2 5 . 7 22 . 0 2 83. 23 . .53 9 83( 4 . 03 ).3 5 . 54 1. 6. 0
1 7 2 1 ?. 1 0 1” 9 31 2. 52 7 . 8 26 . 12 3 . 32 9 . 63 6 . 93 3 . 13 9.4 6 . 74 2. 9. 2
1 8 1 .[ 11 2 3 1 3. 62 9 . 9 ~1 . 22 8 . 43 6 . 73 3 . 03 1 . 33 9.5 6 . 84 4. 2. 4
1 8 1 3. 1 11 6 42 %. 72 1 . 0 25 . 32 3 . 53 2 . 83 1 . 23 0 . 44 8.7 7 . 04 6. 4. 5
1 8 1 .1 11 9 42 4. 72 3 . 0 ~9 . 32 9 . &3 9 . 93 8 t 23 8 . 54 3.8 8 . 14 7. 7. 7
1 3 1 4. 1 2 1 2 52 %. 8 2 4 . 1 23 . 43 4 . 73 5 . 03 6 . 34 7 . 74 7 . 0 8 . 34 9. 0. 9
1 9 1 .1 2 1 5 52 5. 9 2 6 . 2 28 . 53 9 . 83 1 . 13 3 . 54 5 . 84 7 . 1 9 . 45 1. 3. 1
1 9 1 5. 1 3 1 8 62 %. 9 2 8 . 3 22 . 63 5 . 93 8 . 23 1 . 64 4 . 94 6 . 2 9 . 65 2. 5. 2
1 1 1 01 3 2 . 72 6. 0 2 2 . 3 36 . 73 0 . 03 4 . 44 8 . 74 2 . 04 6.4 C.75 4. 8. 4
1 1 81 1 1 Y5 2 . 92 2. 33 8 . 7 37 . 13 7 . 54 6. 94 5 . 35 5 . 75 4.1 3.56 2. 2. 2
1 1 1 2 2 6 2 . 02 9. 43 1 . 8 32 . 24 2 . 64 2. 04 3 . 45 3 . 85 3.2 4.66 4. 5. 4
1 1 1 92 2 6 2 . 02 %. 43 4 . 9 36 . 34 7 . 74 9. 14 0 . 55 2 . 95 3.3 4.86 6. 7. 6
1 1 2 2 7 2 . 12 . 53 8 . 9 30 . 44 3 . 84 5. 25 8 . 65 0 . 15 3.5 5.96 8. 0. 8
1 1 32 72 . 13 . 63 1 . 0 34 . 44 8 . 94 1. 35 5 . 75 9 . 26 2. 6 6. 16 5 . 3. 9
2 1 1 32 72 . 23 1. 63 4 . 1 49 . 54 3 . 04 8. 52 4. 95 7 36 2. 8 X,2 7 1 . 6.
1 1 32 82 . 23 . 73 7 . 2 43 . 6 4 8 ;. 15 4. 5C .505 6 46 1 .9 .. 4 7 : . 8.
2 1 1 42 82 . 33 2. 83 0 . 2 47 . 74 4 . 25 1. 65 7 . 16 4 . 66 1.0 $.5 7 4. 1. 4
2 1 1 24 2 92 . 33 %. 83 3 . 3 41 . 84 9 . 35 7 . 75 5 . 26 3 . 76 ( .2 $ . 6 7 ( . 4.
2 1 1 42 92 . 43 3. 93 7 . 4 46 . 94 4 . 45 3. 51 .836 1 86 (. 3 $.8 7 $ . 7.
2 1 3 2 5? 2 0 3/ . 53 z. 04 0 . 5 ~0 . 04 0. 5 0 . .95 C 46 0 . 96 $ .4 { . 9 7 : . 9.
2 1 2 52 03 . 53 4. 04 3 . 5 44 . 05 5 . 55 6 . 16 7 . 66 8 . 17 : . 6 (. 18 1 . 2.
2 1 2 5 2 13 . 63 5. 14 9 . 7 43 . 25 6. 75 9. 36 2 . 86 5 . 37 8 . 9 1 . 48 4 . 8.
2 1 2 6 2 23 . 73 6. 34 6 . 8 41 . 45 6. 96 2. 56 7 . 07 2 . 67 7 . 1 : . 78 8 . 3. 8
2 1 2 7 2 33 . 84 7. 44 2 . 0 50 . 55 7. 16 4. 76 2 . 37 9 . 88 6. 4 4.09 1 . 9.
2 1 2 7 2 33 . 94 8. 54 9 . 1 58 . 75 8. 36 7. 97 7 . 57 6 . 18 6 . 7 ! .3 9 5 . 4.
2 1 2 8 3 43 . 04 9. 74 5 . 3 57 . 96 8 . 56 C . 17 1 . 78 3 . 48 5. 0 (.69$ . C.
3 1 2 9 3 53 . 14 0. 85 1 . 4 55 . 16 $ . 77 33. 7 t . .08 0 68. 4 .2 ! . 91 1 . 5.
3 1 2 9 3 63 . 24 1. 95 8 . 6 54 . 26 $ . 97 5 . 57 1 . 28 7 . 99 :.5 : . 21 5 . 1.
3 2 2 0 3 74 . 44 2. 05 4 . 76 2 . 46 ( . 17 8 . 88 ( . 48 4 . 19 :.8 ( . 51 8 . 6.
1
402
WEIGHT OF PLATES
Pounds Per Linear Poot
T Inches
{idth
In.
) 7 % ‘ 4 %’ 11/6 6 ? % 1
3 2 2 13 84 .54 3. 2 5 0. 96 1 . 6 1 . 37 1 . 8 1 .7 1 49 1. 1 . 81 1 2.
3 2 2 13 84 .65 4. 3 5 7. 06 9 . 77 1 . 57 4 . 28 6 .9 8 . 61 0. 1 3. 1 50 7
3 2 2 23 94 . 75 5. 4 5 3. 26 8 . 97 2 . 68 6 . 48 1 .1 5 . 91 9. 1 4. 1 80 3
3 2 3 33 04 .8 5 6. 5 6 0. 36 6 . 17 3 . 88 9 . 69 6 .4 2 . 1[ 9. 1 5. 1 20 8
3 2 3 33 14 .95 7. 7 6 6. 575 . 27 3 . 08 2 . 89 0 .6 9 . 41 8. 1 6. 1 51 4
3 2 3 44 24 .0 5 8. 8 6 2. 673 . 48 4 . 28 5 . 09 5 .8 6 . 61 7. 1 8. 1 81 9
3 2 3 44 34 .1 5 9. 9 6 9. 87 2 . 68 4 . 49 7 . 29 0 .1 3 . 91 6. 1 5. 1 21 5
4 2 3 54 45 .2 5 0. 1 6 5. 97 0 . 88 5 . 69 0 . 51 5 .3 0. 1 50. 1 C 1 51 2
4 2 3 64 45 .3 6 1. 2 6 1. 17 9 . 98 6 . 89 3 . 71 0 .5 7. 1 40. 1 1 1 82 5
4 2 3 64 55 .4 6 2. 3 7 8 . 28 7 . 18 6 . 09 6 . 91 5 .8 4. 1 30. 1 $ 1 22 7
4 2 3 74 65 .5 6 3. 4 7 4. 48 6 . 39 7 . 21 8 .1 0 . 10. 1 21 1 4 11 2 0
4 2 3 84 75 .6 6 4. 6 7 1 . 58 4 . 49 8 . 41 1 . 31 5 . 80. 1 21 1 5 13 3 2
4 2 3 84 85 .7 6 5. 7 7 7. 68 3 . 69 8 . 61 4 . 51 9. 50. 1 11 1 6 15 3 5
4 2 3 94 95 .8 6 6. 8 7 3 . 88 1 . 89 9 . 81 7 . 71 4. 20. 1 01 1 8 18 3 7
4 3 4 04 05 .96 7. 9 7 C . 98 0 . 99 9 . 91 9 . 91 9, 91. 1 92 1 5 10 4 0
4 3 4 05 06 .1 7 8. 1 8 6 . 19 8 . 1. 0 .1 2 .1 40. 61 1 82 1 2 12 4 2
4 3 4 15 16 .2 7 9. 28 2. 29 73 . , 1 . .31 5 1 3 90. ,1 1 72 14 15 4 5
5 2 4 15 26 .3 7 0. 38 9. 49 5 . 5, 1 . 15 8 . 1 40. 01 1 62 16 17 4 8
5 3 4 25 36 .4 7 1. 58 5. 59 46 . 1 2 . .71 0 17 9. ’1 1 53 1~ 19 5 0
5 3 4 35 46 .5 7 2. 68 2. 7 9 28 . I 3 . .19 3 1 4 4 1. ’2 1 53 11 12 5 3
5 3 4 35 56 .6 7 3. 79 8. 81 1 . 01 3 . 1 6 0. 1 8 1 12 1 13 13 14 5 5
5 3 4 45 56 .7 8 4. 89 4. 01 9 . 11 4 . 1 9 0. 1 3 1 82 1 33 15 16 6 8
5 3 4 55 67 .8 8 5. 09 1. 11 8 . 31 4 . 1 1 0. 1 8 1 52 1 54 17 19 6 0
5 3 4 55 77 .9 8 6. 19 7. 31 6 . 51 5 . 1 4 0. 1 3 1 23 1 74 19 11 6 3
5 3 4 66 8 7 - 0 8 7. 2 9 Z . 41 5 . 61 6 . 1 7 0. 1 8 2 93 1 94 1 1 13 7 5
5 3 4 76 9 7 .1 8 8. 4 9 ( . 61 3 . 81 6 . 1 C 1. 1 3 2 63 1 14 1 3 16 7 3
5 3 5 76 0 7 . 2 8 9. 51 6 . 71 2 . 1 7 0. 1 2 1 1 8 2 0 3 1 35 1 5 28 7 1
6 3 5 g6 1 7 - 3 89.3
0. 6102~ . 1150 . 128
8 1405 153 166 179 191 204
6 3 5 ~6 17 . 4 90.7
1. 71 5 . 1179 . 1 8 0 1 8 156 3 1 44 182 194
06 207
3
6 3 5 96 27 .5 9 2. 91 f. 21197 . 1 S 0. 1 1 1582 3 1 54 185 198
27 211
5
6 4 5 06 38 . 6 9 3. 01 2 . 3121
6. 1 9 0. 1 3 1617 3 1 74 187 201
47 214
7
6 2 5 06 48 .8 9 4. 11 t. 51224. 1 C 0. 1 6 1632 3 1 95 190 204
67 218
0
4 5 16 58 . 9 9 . 21 < . 61243 . 1 1 1. 1 $ 1667 3 1 15 193 207
88 221
2
% 4 5 27 68 . 0 9 . 41 1 . 81261 . 1 1 1. 1 2 1682 4 1 25 196 210
08 224
4
6 4 5 27 78 . 1 9 7. 51 ; . 91280 . 1 2 1. 1 4 1717 4 1 45 199 214
28 228
7
6 4 5 37 78 . 21 8. 61 <. 8 0. 1 2 1 1 ; 1731 41 65 202 217
58 231
9
6 4 5 47 88 . 31 9. 81 (. 7 0. 1 211 ( 1 3 41 76 2057 220
79 235
1 6
7 4 5 47 98 . 41 0. 91 (. 5 0. 1 411 2 1 4 41 96 208 7 223
99 238
4 9
7 4 6 57 09 . 5l 1. 01 2. 4c . 1 4 21 4 1 K 51 16 211 8 226
19 241
6 1
7 4 6 57 19 . 61 2. 11 !. 2 0. 1 !21 $ 1 7 51 26 214 8 230
39 245
8 4
I
403”
WEIGHTS OF PLATES
Pounds Per Linear Foot
? 546 7 % %6 1
7 4 6 67 29 . 71 3. 3 15 . 1 1 .0 16 21 1 41 9 52 472 08 50
233 2 11 6
7 4 6 77 29 . 81 4. 4 12 . 1 9 .1 16 21 4 41 0 52 67 2 28 70
236 2 32 9
7 4 6 77 39 . 91 5. 5 18 . 1 8 .1 17 21 6 41 2 52 872 39 90
239 2 52 1
7 4 6 88 49 . 01 6. 6 15 . 1 6 .1 18 21 9 41 3 62 972 59 21
242 2 82 4
7 4 6 98 59 . 11 7. 8 11 . 1 5 .1 18 312 41 5 62 182 79 41
245 2 02 6
7 4 6 98 69 . 21 8. 9 17 . 1 3 .1 19 315 41 6 62 382 99 61
249 2 23 9
7 5 6 08 71 . 31 9. 14 0. 12 1 19 3 11 52 8 62 482 10 81
252 2 53 2
8 5 6 18 81 . 51 0. 10 0. 10 1 10 3 12 52 9 72 682 30 02
255 2 73 4
8 5 6 18 81 . 61 1. 16 0. 19 2 11 3 13 52 1 72 8 82 50 22
258 2 94 7
8 5 6 28 91 . 71 2. 13 0. 17 2 11 3 15 52 2 72 9 92 70 42
261 2 24 9
8 5 7 28 01 . 81 3. 19 0. 16 2 12 4 16 52 4 72 1 92 91 62
265 2 44 2
8 5 7 38 1 . 91 4. 16 0. 14 2 13 4 17 62 5 72 3 92 11 93
268 2 65 4
8 5 7 49 21 . 01 5. 12 0. 1 3 2 1 3 4 18 62 6 82 592 31 13
271 2 95 7
8 5 7 49 31 . 11 6. 18 1. 1 1 2 1 4 4 20 62 8 82 60 2 51 33
274 2 15 9
8 5 7 59 41 . 21 7. 15 1. 1 0 2 1 4 4 21 62 9 82 80 2 62 54
277 2 35 2
8 5 7 69 41 . 31 8. 11 1. 1 8 3 1 5 5 22 62 1 82 00 2 82 74
281 2 66 4
8 5 7 69 51 . 41 9. 17 1. 1 7 3 1 6 5 24 7 2 2 82 10 2 0 2 94
284 3 8 6 7
5 7 79 61 . 51 . 14 1. 1 5 3 1 6 5 25 7 2 4 92 31 2 2 3 14
287 3 0 6 0
; 7 9 71 61 :. 1 1. 1 4 3 1 7 5 26 7 2 5 92 51 2 4 3 35
290 3 3 7 2
9 7 9 81 71 2. 1 1. 1 2 3 1 8 5 27 7 2 7 92 61 2 6 3 65
293 3 5 7 5
9 7 9 91 81 3. 1 1. 1 1 31 8 5 29 7 2 892 81 2 8 3 2%8 5 3 7 7 7
7 9 91 91 . 1 2. 1 9 42 9 6 20 8 2 002 02 2 0 4 0
300 6 3 0 8 0
; 8 1 01 1 0;. 1 2 1 8 4 21 6 21 8 2 10 2 22 2 2 4 2
303 6 3 2 8 2
9 8 1 11 1 60. 1 2 1 6 4 22 6 22 8 2 302 32 2 4 4 4
306 6 3 4 8 5
9 8 1 31 1 80. 1 2 1 3 4 24 6 25 8 2 60 2 722 7 5 87
312 3 99 0
1 8 0 51 10 . 1 2 1 0 42 7 28 9 2 91 2 032 1 5 37
319 3 49 5
1 8 0; 61 12 . 1 3 1 7 5 2E 7 20 9 2 21 2 333 5 6 78
325 3 80 0
1 8 01 81 1 4 1. 1 3 1 4 5 21 7 23 9 2 52 2 743 9 6 18
332 3 30 5
1 9 01 01 1 6 1. 1 3 2 1 5 23 8 25 0 2 82 2 043 3 7 59
338 3 81 0
1 9 01 1 1 8 1. 1 3 2 8 6 25 8 28 0 2 13 2 453 7 7 09
344 3 32 5
1 9 11 31 1 0 1. 1 4 2 5 6 27 8 20 1 2 43 3 753 0 8 40
351 3 72 1
1 9 11 51 1 2 1. 1 4 2 2 6 29 9 23 1 2 73 3 063 4 8 80
357 3 23 6
1 9 11 61 1 4 2. 1 4 2 9 7 21 9 25 1 2 04 3 463 8 9 21
363 3 73 1
1 9 11 81 1 6 2. 1 4 2 6 7 23 9 28 2 2 34 3 773 2 9 72
370 3 14 6
1 [ 11 1 0 1 82 2 5 20 725 0 21 2 3 65 3 1 73 6 0 12
376 4 65 1
1 1 21 1 0 1 02 2 5 22 728 0 23 3 3 95 3 4 83 0 0 53
383 4 15 6
1 1 21 1 ( 1 23 2 5 2M 820 0 26 3 3 25 3 7 83 3 1 93
389 4 56 1
1 1 21 1 0 1 43 2 5 25 822 1 28 3 3 56 3 1 93 7 1 44
395 4 06 6
1 1 21 1 0 1 63 2 6 27 824 1 21 4 3 76 3 4 93 1 2 84
402 4 57 1
1 1 21 1 0 1 83 2 6 29 926 1 23 4 3 07 3 8 93 5 2 25
408 4 98 6
I I
404
W C P
m T
1T
!m
CIIA 3/16 ‘ 5 318 /7116 1% 1 %6 A ?486 ‘1/16
- - -
1.00 .056 . .08: 0 .097 7 .125 .139 0 .153 .223
.087 . .130 1 0 .196 .217 9 .239 .348
.125 . .188 1 5 .282 .313 6 .344 .501
.170 . .256 2 1 .383 .426 3 .468 .681
10.00
10.50
i 1.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
1
1
4
4
;
6.00:
6.51
3
7.05
3
7.60
5
6
6
7
8
8
1
9
$
7
1
1
1 0 1
1 0 1
II
8,344
9.199
10.o9
11.03
.1
.1
9.734
10.73
11.77
12.87
10
18
20.02
21.72
11.12
12.26
13.46
14.71
1 !2.02
6 ~3.q3
?5,85
1
1
1
1
24.03 26.03
26.07 28.24
. 1 . 10 1 41 40 , 1 06 .2 7 8 1,211 50 430. ;;::8 5. 30.55
. 1 0 15 2 . 1 50 .2 1 7 .2 60 3 . 222 7. !7.87
1 0
7 50. 2 4 . 32.94
8 7
1
1
1
1
.5.29 16!68
.6.86 18.39
18.5U 20.19
~13,23 22.06
18.07
19.93
21.87
23.93
32,90
5 5 35.25
3 1 38.01
35.48
22.25
24.53
26.92
29.42
——
30.03 32.04
30.42 32.59 34.76
0 37,60
4 40.55
1 I I
1 4
8.17 1 .; 0 0;
16.35 . 19.070 . 21.80
9 ; 0
24.53 27.25$ ~ 32.70 35.43 38.1540.88 4
; ;
8.71 1 : 1 ;
17.54 .20.46; 23.39
6 26.319 29.23 3 35.08 38.00 40.9343.85 4
9.38 1 1 2 5
18.77 . 21.90 :25.03
5 6 1
28.16 31.284 3 37.54 40.67 43.8046.93 5
1 5
10.02 1 .1 3 56
20.04 .23.380 .26.72
3 7 6
30.06 33.410 1 40.09 43.43 46.77 50.11 5
W C P
iLL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES WEIGHTS IN POUNDS
,
DIA % ‘ h ‘ 1
4— .
2 2 4 4 5 0 6 7 6 7 0 8 11
78 49 71 4 10
& 2 2 1 4 4 5 1 8 ! 2 8 99 1 69 1 40
2 2 2 3 4 53 5 2 : 9 ; :
7 4 8 19 ;1 91 :1 0; 81
2 2 3 3 3 4 5% 6 3 6 1 7 8
8 6 9 4191 11L 701 0I 21
2 2 3 4 4 54 64 ‘4 7 2 w 0
8 8 9 61
21 1 01 18 62
2 2 3 4 4 5 % 6 5 7 3 8 9
2 01 1
501 71 301 21 02
2 3 5 :5 7 5 9 21 !101 01 11 62 43
2 ; 3 5 : 5 6% 7 ! ; 6 z ; 9 41 31 0;1 21 11 92 93
4 6 8 9
71 1 61511 01 42 1 33 34
& 3; : ; : 6 ; 0: 8 : 9 ;1 ;1 81811 0;1 821 73 74
2 4 6 77 8 9 11 1 11 101
121 11 131 24 25
2 3 4 7 5 6 7% 8 2 9 21 31 31 521
401 411 531 64 65
2 3 4 5 6 8 8 3 9 41 51 51 381
01 721 941 05 16
2 3 4 8 5 6 ;% 9 41 51 61 801 231
1:1 021 341 45 66
4 7 8 9 1 71 1 001 211
541 421 751 96 07
% % 4 2 7 8+ 9 1 81 :1 301 941
521 731 151 36 58
3 3 5 6 7 80 1 81 01 301 511 821
35; 031 56; 87 0:
3 5 0 9% 1 1 21 01 11 121
65 341 96 28 5
3 : 5 : : 91 1 :1 31 0; 1 2: 1 062
431 741 472 78 00
3 4 5 1 6 8 9% 1 11 51 911 321 731
462 051 872 29 60
8 1 1 1 01 11 521 872
041 451 282 79 11
: : : : ; f 8 1 i 1 :1 0: 11; 1 831 341
272 862 792 20 62
3 4 6 7 9 1 3 1 51 101 621 131 682
651 162 192 71 22
3 4 6 3 7 9 1% 1 71 201 821 441 952
082 572 60250 21 73
34 48 64 84 96 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 2 2 4
3 5 4 6 8 f 9 1 i 1 0 1 611 331 941 662 282 992 612 23 94
6 8 1 1 1 01 811 531 252 972 682 302 022 73 45
: ; 7 : 8 1 1% 1 0; 1 021 841 552 372 092 812 522 34 06
7 9 1 1 1 01 221 041 862 682 492 212 032 85 67
: ; : 9 1 1% 1 1: 1 31 342 16 08 802 7 2 5 2 45 1
3 5 ; 9 1 1 7 1 711 3: 1 552 47 39 20267 1 286 03 9
3
— 5 7 7. —. . ? 1 --1—4 —1 9911. — 8351 8 2— . 767 79 —~1.274—
6 2j3 63 — 5
3 6 8 1 1 18 01 021 042 062 082 102 122 143 163 ;1 t 10
3 8 8 1 ! 1 14 01 21 242 362 482 402 522 643 663 78 70
3 ! 8 1 1 19 01 2: 1 542 662 792 ~812 932 053 273 39 41
3 6 9 8 1 ! 1 14 0i ? 531 752 8 2 092 212 343 563 783 90 02
4 8 1 1 10 11 32 952 172 402 622 843 063 383 51 73
4 : 0 9 1 ? 1 14 11 3; 2 162 482 702 022 253 573 893 11 44
4 7 9 1 1 11 11 042 462 782 012 433 753 083 403 ?2 15
4 7 1 9 1 ! 1 14 21 242 62 092 412 843 263 683 013 33 15
4 7 9 1 1 12 21 42 872 392 722 243 673 193 513 04 46
4 7 2 1 1 Y 1 01 z 22 52 072 602 123 653 173 603 124 65 17
4 7 1 1 1 01 3 22 752 382 902 433 053 683 103 J34 36 98
4 7 1 3 1 1 01% 32 952 582 212 833 463 183 713 344 96 69
4 8 1 1 1 01 4 32 162 882 512 243 863 593 224 954 67 30
4 8 4 1 1 ! 1 11 4 32 362 092 823 543 373 003 834 554 38 01
4 8 1 1 1 11 5 42 462 392 123 953 783 513 334 264 09 82
4 8 1 5 1 1 12 % 42 672 502 433 353 283 014 944 874 70 53
4 8 1 1 1 12 6 4.2 82 8702 733 763 693 524 554 484 41 34
4 9 1 6 1 1 22 % 52 082 013 043 013 003 134 164 194 12 15
4 9 1 1 1 22 7 52 282 313 443 473 503 634 664 794 83 96
4 9 1 7 1 1 22 % 52 482 623 753 883 014 144 274 405 53 77
4 9 1 1 1 22 8 62 692 823 053 283 424 654 884 015 24 48
4 9 8 1 t 3 i 2 82 1 3 63 93 24 264 494 72 05 39
4 1 1 ! 0; 3; 9 :2 0; 3 4; 3 ;63 :04 :34 764 105 43: ?6 10
4 1 9 1 1 ! 02 32 4 72 203 633 073 404 944 374 705 145 57 91
406
W C P
‘/16
1
=
1
‘/4 5/16 3
0~
EIE
32 2 4o
/9/16
943
% [ ‘/16
13 g
8
~
‘3/16
4 344 88
4422
1
=
855 2
1
7
1 1 02 42 2 61 243 83 3 4 854 49 2 565 0 6
1 1 02 42 2 91 553 83 7 4 364 9g 3 275 8 4
1 1 12 42 2 12 853 94 1 4 864 50 4 975 6 3
1 1 1K 52 3 33 06 0 3 3 1 8 ~
1 1 12 5? 3 533 36 0 04 8 7 5
1 1 12 52 3 733 67 1 45 3 3 2 6
1 1 1~ 52 3 933 97 1 95 9 8 8 6
1 1 E 22 62 3 243 28 2 36 4 4 5 6
1 1 22 62 3 443 58 3 87 9 0 2 6
1 1 22 62 3 653 89 3 27 4 7 9 6
1 1 22 73 3 953 10 4 78 0 3 6 6
1 32 3 3 163 0 4 29 5 9 2 G
1 32 3 3 364 1 5 60 1 5 0 7
1 32 3 3 674 1 6 10 6 1 + 76 7 ?
1 32 3 3 874 2 6 61 2 8 544 4 6 7 9
2 2 3 33 8 2 475 1 5 7 41ii55 67 5 10
2 2 3 33 8 3 885 6 5 3 12;66 77 4 11
2 2 3 43 9 3 285 0 5 9 1
73678 87 2 12
2 2 3 43 9 4 695 5 5 5 44689 97 2 13
2 3 3 54 0 55 005 0 Q0 15701 7 1 8 1 5
2 3 3 54 0 55 505 5 60 76713
d 7 98 0 6
2 3 3 54 1 65 915 0 21 46724 7 7 8 9 7
2 3 3 64 1 65 325 6 82 17736 ~ 7 6 8 9 8
2 6 5 75 36 8748 ~ 8 598 8 0
& 2 380 J435 5 25 47 9 8 308 8 1
2 386 7442 5 66 57 0773 ~6l8 218 7 2
2 8 5 06 67 1 8 128 7 4
2 399 8456 56 6 2 8 9 7 4
2 8 96 6 3 9 9 6 4
2 9 46 7 4 0 9 6 5
2 + 9 86 7 5 1 9 6 6
m % E G % x E 9
3 0 7 6 7 7 39 6 8
3 1 2 6 7 8 49 7 9
3 1 7 6 7 9 69 7 0
193 , 2 5 7 7 7 0 79 7 2
&
69
1
199 !2
2 9 6
6
6 1
5
7
7
7
7
1
2
89
99
8
8
3
5
69?A 2 2 0 6 2 9 7 8 3 01008 9 6
70 2 E 0 477 545 4 6 8 8 1 1 8
?Oti 207 I2 7484 553 6 6 8 9 2 1 9
71 210 ~2 8491 561 6310 7 771 8 0911 981 410521 112; 1
71% 2 2 1 83498 569 . 6404 7 — 8 1924 995 5 1 .3
2 % % 14 505 577 63 7 3 8 29 6 13 5
;:!4 2 2 14 9:512 585 93 2 7 9 8 39 7 15 ?
73 2 2 24 9519 593 24 6 7 5 8 49 8 16 9
73!4 2 3 24 0526 601 55 1 7 1 9 5! 03 1 7 2
74 2 K 2w 5 6 8 3- 0 9 3 9 9 1 % 9 4
74?4 2 3 34 0540 617 26 9 7 3 9 71 02 2 0 6
75 2 3 34 1548 626 56 3 7 9 9 81 03 2 1 9
15% 2 3 34 1555 634 87 7 7 6—9 91 05 3 3 .1
76 2 m 4z 5 6 1 68 4 9 201 3 06 3 4 4
76% 2 3 44 2570 651 48 6 8 8 9 11 07 4 5 7
77 2 3 44 35 6 ?9 078 6 5 9 721 0 08 5 7 9
77%
—— 2 3 55 31585 668 10 4 8 11 31 0 0 05 8 2
!
407
W C P
iLL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES WEIGHTS IN POUNDS
DIA
I 3/lfJ ‘/4 %6 % 7%6 ‘A ‘/16
I
?8 ‘‘\16 ‘% i3/16 ~8 ‘5/16 1
+ - l
785 883
894 993
. . 703 804 - 904 1005 I
8 305 I .-. I
712 813
I 309 I 411 I 823 926 1029
832 936 1041
842 947 1053
537
3 5 3
3 5 7
3 6 1
3 6 5
1 3 5 2
373 497
377
‘-1 502
w
1 1 31570 417010 1832319638 20949
; 3 ; 5 6 ? 97 29 $ 61 791 9021 111 5331586954171982 1851051 2 2 49 1
1 8 7
1 8 8
1 9 0
1 T 9 2
1 1 82 92 00 42
1 1 82 92 21 62
1 1 82 92 41 82
1 2 82 02 61 02
2026 2170
2045 2192
2065 2213
2086 2235
2 2
2 2
2 3
2 2 3 4
408
W C P
i 4 6 0 7 69 21 6 81 9031 521 9141 5851 4072 0682 6102 3712 933 585
1 4 0 6 76 79 31M 81 3141 121 0941 651 4272 2782 0302 7922 553 305
1 4 6 0 7 19 31 7 91 8151 721 1641 7551 5372 4992 3502 2122 173 125
1 4 0 6 87 89 41 % 01 2161 321 2441 8461 5472 6092 6602 7222 884 855
1 4 6 0 8 89 41 8 11 7171 921 3141 9361 5672 8232 0812 2422 404 675
1 4 0 6 88 99 51 H 1 1181 531 4941 1261 6782 0392 3012 7622 124 596
1 4 6 0 8 99 61 9 21 6191 131 5641 2161 7882 2592 7112 2832 744 316
1 5 0 6 89 01 61 M 031 011 0731 6451 0362 7082 4602 1312 7032 465 136
1 5 6 1 8 01 71 0 041 511 1331 7151 0462 8182 6802 4512 ’ 31 2 1835 96
1 5 1 6 80 01 71 % 041 911 1931 8951 9562 9282 8902 8622 8332 805 877
1 5 6 1 8 1 81 1 051 411 2531 9751 8772 9482 1102 2822 3532 525 697
1 l5 6l 8 Y1 91 Z 061 921 3231 1451 7872 0592 3202 6022 9742 245 527
1 5 6 1 8 21 91 2 071 321 4831 251 7972 1792 6402 0122 4942 966 347
1 15 7 2 8 ?21 01 4 081 821 5441 3051 6072 2892 8612 4322 0142 686 268
1 5 7 1 8 31 1 3 081 321 6041 4851 5272 3992 1712 8532 6342 306 188
1 5 1 7 83 31 1X 091 721 741 5661 5372 4192 3912 2732 1552 126 008
1 5 7 1 9 41 21 4 001 221 8341 6461 4482 5292 6012 7832 7652 847 93
1 5 1 7 94 41 21 M 01 721 9941 7262 4582 6402 9212 1032 3852 577 85
1 5 7 1 9 51 31 5 121 221 0641 8062 3782 7502 1322 5232 9052 397 77
1 15 7 5 9 ?51 41 4 121 721 1241 9862 3882 9702 4522 0442 5252 117 69
1 5 7 1 9 61 41 6 131 131 2941 1662 3982 0802 7722 4542 1462 838 62
1 15 7 6 9 Y 61 51 z 141 631 3551 2462 2182 1902 0822 9742 7663 658 540
1 5 7 1 9 71 61 7 151 131 4151 3272 2292 3102 3022 3942 4863 478 460
1 5 1 7 97 71 61 X 161 631 5851 4072 2392 4212 6232 8142 0063 298 480
1 5 7 1 9 81 71 8 161 131 6551 5872 2492 5412 9332 3352 6273 019 410
1 15 7 8 9 81! 81 4 171 631 7151 672 2692 7512 2532 8452 3473 839 33
1 5 7 1 9 91 81 9 181 131 8851 7572 2792 9712 5632 2652 9673 669 35
1 5 1 7 99 91 91 % 191 631 9451 9372 2892 0812 9832 7852 6873 489 38
1 6 8 2 1 01 001 0 21 0141 0162 1082 2002 2022 2042 2063 3083 300 30
1 62 8 0I 0! 0 4 6 8
9 2628
9 2649
8 2670 5 3338
7 2692 0 3364
9 2035 7 2713 9 3165 3391
6 2734 2 31!30
7 2067 6 2756 2985 3215 3444
1 2083 6 2777 8 3240 3471 3702
6 2099 2332 2565 2799 3032 3265 3498 3731
0 2115 2350 2585 2820 3055 3290 3525 376[
5 2131 2368 2605 2842 3079 3316 3552 378!
2 1671 9 2148 2386 2625 2864 3102 3341 3580 381[
3 1683 4 2164 2405 2645 2886 3126 3367 3607 384t
4 1696 8 2181 2423 2665 2908 3150 3392 3635 387:
5 1709 3 2197 2441 2686 2930 3174 3418 3662 390(
6 1722 8 2214 2460 2706 2952 3198 3444 3690 393(
— 9 1487 1735 3 2231 2478 2726 2974 3222 3470 3718 396(
409
W C P
DIA 3/16 ‘A 5/16 ~8 ‘/16 ‘/2 ‘/16 5/8 ‘ 1/16 Y4 13/16 ~8 15/16 1
I I
1 7 9 3 1 41 291 4 41 4972 992 9422 8942 8473 8993 7423 4 793 74!7 69 3
1 7 3 1 14 051 21M 052 572 6002 8622 9153 1673 3103 4623 6154 777 920
1 7 1 3 1 061 21 5 152 6072 4202 7722 1253 4873 8303 1823 4454 898 140
1 7 3 1 1 5 061 21 X 252 1672 1302 7822 2453 7983 3503 8033 3654 918 470
1 7 1 3 1 071 21 6 252 8282 9402 6032 5 353 01.83 803 7 5233 2864 948 701
1 7 3 1 1 6 071 21 X 352 9782 650Z 6132 !57 38 43j3 ! 3 13 gj 233 I l064 )68 921
1 7 1 3 1 081 31 7 452 0382 4602 5232 6683 74813 813 ( 9733 I364 199 251
1 7 3 1 1 7 081 31 X 552 198, 2712 2 54 2 80363 0 83 6 3213 6943 9564 219 582
1 7 1 3 1 091 31 8 552 2582 9812 4532 9163 4893 9413 4143 8774 349 802
1 38 1 8 1 0?01 31 + 662 3082 7012 4642 1363 7093 4623 1344 8074 460 132
1 8 1 3 1 001 3 19 7462 682 3 5112 ,842 2463 11Y3 9823 8j44 7274 690 462
1 38 1 9 1 01f 31 i 862 5282 2212 3942 4673 4393 5023 6754 6474 710 783
1 8 1 4 1 01 31 0 962 6892 0312 3042 5873 8593 1223 3954 6784 840 113
1 48 1 0 1 0Y 21 31 j 962 7492 8412 3243 7973 2703 6423 1254 5384 061 443
1 8 1 4 1 121 31 1 062 8992 6522 2343 9173 5803 2633 8454 5184 191 874
1 48 11 1Y 131 ’ 31 z 162 9592 4722 2453 1273 1 903 88)33 664 68 444 32!1 14 3
F 8 1 1 141 41 262 0192 2822 2653 2483 3203 3033 4864 4694 542 524
1 48 12 1! 141 ’ 41 j 362 1792 0922 2753 4583 7413 9233 1064 4894 672 955
1 8 1 4 1 151 41 3 372 2392 7022 2953 6783 1513 4 543 92614 494 . 892 285
1 8 4 1 1 3 151 42 % 472 3902 5122 2053 8983 5713 1644 7574 4304 022 605
1 8 1 4 1 161 42 4 572 4502 3332 2153 0083 9913 7844 5774 4604 243 036
1 8 4 1 1 4 171 42 % 672 5102 1432 23f3 2293 3113 3044 3974 4804 473 466
1 8 1 4 1 171 42 5 772 6702 0532 2463 4393 7323 9254 1184 4004 603 996
1 8 4 1 1 5 181 42 % 772 7302 8632 2663 6593 1523 5454 0384 4314 824 327
1 8 1 4 1 181 42 6 872 8902 6732 2763 9793 5623 1654 8684 4514 154 757
1 8 4 1 1 6 191 42 ~ 972 9502 4932 2863 1893 9823 8854 6884 5814 384 277
1 9 1 4 1 201 52 7 082 0212 2043 3073 3003 4033 4064 5094 5024 605 608
1 9 4 1 1 7 201 52 % 182 1812 0143 3173 5203 8233 0264 3294 6324 835 138
1 9 1 4 1 21 52 8 182 2412 8243 3373 8303 2433 7464 1594 6524 165 568
1 4S 1 8 1 2Y 21 52 j 282 3012 7443 3473 0503 7633 3664 0794 7824 386 9 09
1 ’ 1 4 91 21 252 9 382 6412 5543 4673 2703 1734 0874 9904 7034 616 529
1 9 4 1 1 9 231 52 X 482 5212 3643 7 47 3 58!13 6 44 3 7074 7104 8334 I946 059
1 9 1 5 1 231 52 0 582 6912 2753 4983 7013 0144 3274 6404 953EIO06 266 58
1 9 5 1 1 0 241 52 % 682 7522 0953 5083 0213 5344 0574 5604 0845 597 010
1 9 1 5 1 251 52 1 692 8122 8053 5283 2313 0544 7784 4814 1045 827 530
1 59 1 1 1 2?51 52 4 792 9822 7153 6383 5513 4754 3984 3114 2345 147 061
1 9 1 5 1 261 62 2 892 0422 5253 6483 872i 9954 ’ 01 4 28314 3 45 5 478 691
1 59 1 2 1 271! 62 4 992 1022 4453 7693 0823 4154 7384 1524 4855 808 121
153 977 1302 1628 19532279 2604 2930 3255 3581 3906 4232 4558 4883 szog
153ti 983 1311 1638 1966 2294 2621 2949 3277 3604 3932 4260 458J 4915 5243
154 989 1319 1649 1979 2309 2638 2968 3298 3628 3958 4287 4617 4947 5277
154% 996 1328 1660 19922324 2656 2988 3320 3651 3983 4315 4647 4979 5311
155 1002 1336 1671 2005 2339 2673 3007 3341 3675 4009 4343 4671 5012 5346
155!4 1009 1345 1681 2018 2354 2690 3026 3363 3699 4035 4371 4708 5044 5380
156 1015 1354 16922031 2369 2707 3046 3384 3723 4061 4400 4738 5076 5415
156% 1022 1362 17032044 2384 2725 3065 3406 3747 4087 4428 !768 51095450
157 1028 1371 1714 20577399 2742 3085 3428 3771 4113 4456 4799 5142 5184
157% 1035 1380 1725 2070 2415 2760 3105 3450 3795 4140 4485 4830 51755519
158 1041 1389 1736 2083 2430 2777 3124 3472 3819 4166 4513 4860‘52075555
158!4 1048 1397 17472096 2446 2795 3144 3494 3843 41924542 4891 52405590
159 1055 1406 1758 2109 2461 2813 3164 3516 3867 4219 4570 4922 52745625
159!4 1061 1415 17692123 2476 2830 3184 3538 3892 42454599 4953 53075661
160 1068 1424 1780 2136 2492 2848 3204 3560 3916 42J2 46284984 53405696
160H 1075 1433 1791 2149 2508 2866 3224 3582 3941 42994657 5015 5374 5732~
161 1081 1442 18022163 2523 2884 3244 3605 3965 4326 46865047 5407 5768
161% 1088 1451 1814 2176 2539 2902 3264 3627 3990 4353 4715 5078 54415803
410
W C P
.LL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES WEIGHTS IN POUNDS
DIA
1095 1460 1
J/4 5/16
2
ZE 82
~
‘
12!320
/
2532859 365055 4
%
0 4380
‘3/16
5 04
I
2
5
I 15/16 I
175
1
15 544 0
1102 1469 1 2 82 229383533050 367267 4 3 1 04 5 375 15 975 4
1108 1478 1 2 82 229564533251 369578 4 7 6 04 5 685 15 405 7
1 1487 11 2 182---- 2297455633463 371890 4 1 2 04 5 885- 25 935 0
G
I
1 1 1 61 4 2 26184 9 2992 2 33666 4 14 5 18 x2 46 3
1 16 1 41 5! 2 26344 0 3010 9 3387 53 4 7 14 65 385 326 996 6
1 1 1 61 5 3 26505 1 30296 34074 3 4 7 14 85 695 636 526 0
1 16 1 51 5t 4 2666i 2 30473 34284 3 4 8 14 05 995 936 057 3
1 p 1 6 5 6 3 3066! 34493 3
2682 G 8 4 35 9 2m
E 3 8 6
1 6 1 6 5 2699
M 43084 34702 3 4 8 25 55 405 536 117 9
1 1 1 6 1 5 6T27157 531034 34911 3 4 8 25
+ 75 605 846 648 3
1 1 6 1 1 1 17 11 1 51 72% 91 62 031 53 171 43 311 39 1501 2 241 116 1481 25214 916 25 1 05 8 75 2
I
1 1 11 52 792 733 7673 0513 2454 5494 7335 0275 2115 5146 708 09
1 1 6 1 11 8 52 892 % 733 5773 9613 4654 9594 4535 9475 4415 8356 339 a2
1 1 1 6 11 52 992 9 833 2873 9813 6854 3794 0735 7775 5615 2656 969 66
TT
1 16 1 9 11 52f 992 i 933 9973 8913 8~5 7994 i9 5 6957 6 15 559 6 99 94
1 1 1 7 22 62 002 0 043 608 8124 91 4 1104 3 45 51~8 226 92 6 120 3
1 1 7 1 22 0 62 102 % 143 328 7224 13 4 6304 0 45 4485 426 3566 750 16
1 1 1 7 22 62 202 1 243 038 7424 34 4 0504 6 45 3658 726 6686 381 90
1 1 7 1 22 1 62 202 % 343 748 6524 56 4 4704 3 45 299 936 006 911 8
1 1 1 7 22 62 302 2 443 458 66G
2 78 4 89 4 0 55 19 ~ 236 3 541 7
1 1 7 1 22 2 62 402 % 543 168 5834 994 3114 755 0395 536 867 272 69
1 1 1 7 22 62 402 3 643 989 5934 11 4 7314 3 55 0659 746 289 812 24
1 17 1 3 22 6!2 502 A 753 699 4134 33 4 2415 0 65 9805 046 628 542 36
1 1 1 7 22 62 612 4 853 309m 42z3 544 66= 7*6 8= 36 6 13
1 1 7 1 22 4 62 712 G 953 019 4434 76 4 1825 4 6: 8305 5:6 5896 8;3 12
1 12787 1704 2129 5 2555 2981 - 3407 3t 4 4 25 6 515 8 6 9196 5 3 16
1 1 7 1 22 5 72 812 % 153 5493 3748 8 2954 0255 8175 7415 2156 4963 264 09
1 i 17 ] 6 1221 1 5 4” 1 2795 8 -5 1 23 0 1215 1 33 44436 4 8 35 1m7 0a1 7 3 6 86= 8 4 9
B 4 4 359 75 316 6966 2906 534 96
1 17 1 7 32 72” 013 - 463 7703 3144 8594 4835 0275 552: 1966 72 6 26;5 8
1 17 1 7 32 7?2 113 4 563 4903 3254 1694 9035 7485 582 3266 15 7 095 8
1 1 1 7 32 72 622 84 6 34 2013 32 54 0 3198 m m p
424 4 6 850 6 G 4 6% 7
II I
5792 6238 6684 7129
6 7 6
181 ] 1367I 1822 i 2278I 2734 I 3189 I 3645 I 4100 I 4556 I 5011
$
186 1443 1924 2406 2887 3368
186Y? 1451 1935 2418 2902 3386
187 1459 1945 2431 2918 3404
187X 1467 1956 2444 2933 3422
188 1 1966 42458 2949 7 3441 5
188X 1 1977 42471 2965 8 3459 2
189 1 1987 42484 2981 9 3477 0
189fi 1 +1998 42497 2996 9 3496 8 + 5 9 9 3 1 6 4i 9 2 1 6 9 9
-
411
W C P
ILL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES WEIGHTS IN POUNOS
DIA 3/16 ‘A 5/16 ~% 7/16 ‘/2 ‘/16 5/8 ‘ ‘/16 3A ‘3/16 ~8 ‘5/16 1
K
4 1 2
W B
W s iqh ua e t h a ea rhn xn die ap u gs o p o d1u t n n es d 0 n s
Length D i ao Bm i eI to n e rc l h f te n s
U
Inches % Y2 9 % % 1
2 6 . . 3 2 1 8 3 4 1 8 . . 9 1
2 6 . 1 . 7 2 47 1 4 5 . 1 1 . 0 . 5 8
3 7 . 1 . 0 2 54 5 4 7 . 7 6 4 . 1 9 7 5 . 0
. 6 . 3
3 8 . 1 . 3 2 62 9 4 9 . 3 7 6 . 5 9 0 9 . 5
. 3 . 8
3 8 . 1 . 7 3 79 3 4 1 . 9 7 9 . 81 4 . 4 1 . 10 44 4
4 9 . 1 . 0 3 97 6 5 3 . 5 7 2 , 11 7 .5 ~ . 01 9: 9
4 1 . 20 4 3 0. 0 5 5 .5 8 5 . 51 2 . 6 . 1 206 0 4
4 1 . 21 7 3 1. 4 5 7 .3 8 8 . 81 6 .7 1 . 12 213 16 9
5 1 . ; 2 0 3 : . 7 6 9 .0 9 1 . ;1 0 . 8 1 . 2 221 26 4
5 1 . 2 4 4 . 1 6 1 8 9 4 . 1 4 .9 1 . 2 229 47 9
5 1 . 23 7 4 5. 5 6 4 :5 9 7 , 91 8 . 0 1 . 32 237 58 5
6 1 . 24 0 4 7. 9 7 6 .3 1 0 . 21 . 10 1 42 246 3 8 0
2 4 4 8 7 8 . 1 3 , 61 . 20 1 43 254 7 9 5
6
6
7
2 .
.
6 .
2
3
7 59
1 .5 1
2
6
0
7
7
0
2
. 1
. 61
6
9
. 91
. 31
. 31 ;
. 31
53 262 1 :
53 271 5
1
6
7 7 . 3 4 .5 2 3 8 4 . 31 2 . 61 . 41 2 63 2 91 2
7 . 3 7 53 7 8 6 . 1 5 . 91 . 52 2 63 2 32 7
8 ; . 3 1 :5 5 1 8 8 . ;1 8 . 31 . 62 2 74 2 72 2
8 9 . 3 4 .6 6 4 9 0 . 61 1 . 61 . 73 2 74 ; 13 8
8 2 . 30 7 6 8. 8 9 2 .4 1 4 . 01 . 83 2 84 64 3
9 2 . 31 1 6 9. 2 9 4 .1 ; 7 . 31 . 9~ 2 84 3 :4 8
; 2 . 41 ; 6 0. :1 6 .7 . 401 72 09 3 5 3
2 : 2 6; . 1 8 .5 1 . ;01 74 2 9 3 ; 8 76
0 2 : 3 7 . 11 0 3 1 . 02 85 2 60 16 4
0 2 4. 4 74. 41 2 .0 1 . 402 95 2 90 3 67 9
0 2 4. 4 75. 71 5 .8 ; . 812 0: 2 21 3 :8 4
1 2 4. 5 77. 01 7 .5 , 112 12 52 3 8 0
1 2 4. 6 78. 41 9 .3 1 . 512 26 2 82 3 89 5
1 2 4. 7 89. 71 1 .0 1 . 822 37 3 13 3 20 1
2 ; 8 8; . 1 5 .6 1 . ;22 58 3 74 : 01 1
3 0 8 . 1 9 1 1 . 32 78 3 35 93 2
3 51 9 7. 1 3 :6 1 . 932 93 96 4 74 3
33.1 6 90 1 8 . 2 . 642 10 3 57 ; 55 4
34.6 6 \: 3 1 . ; 352 2; 3 18 ;7 4
36.2 6 6 1 . 052 3 79 : 8 5
37.7 6 1 8 1 . 12 763 03 3 30 09 6
2 3 79 1 1. ; . 212 3;3 53 4 :1 5 81 6
2 7 %1 4 . 12 03 94 4 2 5 62 7
3 7 1 6 1 . 22 783 35 4 23 5 43 8
3 7 %1 9 1 . 22 483 76 4 84 5 35 9
4 8 I 1 21 32 .93 17 4
45 5 16 9
4 8 %1 4 2 . 32 80: 57 4
0; 6 97 0
5 8 1 7 2 . 42 50 08 ;
6 6 7 ;
5 9 %1 0 2 . 42 213 49
29 6 6 2
1 9 61 2 2 . 43 914 80 5 80 6 42 2
Per Inch
\dditional 1 3 .5 .8 3 .1 0. 1 2 42 6 . 4 2 1 , 1 3 7. 5 3
N R S B A B 8 a n Si f .i nHn u Aei N Isx 2 hda B1ute8.2.
gsd o t n
This table conforms to
413
W O
NOZZLES
W A Wi Ne N lt F dS ael ihR aenI ic nngP nf go k r ce ia nd g
( fT Q a R ue b of iel r ec n r c k e )
CLASS
S
150 300 600 900 1500
1 6Y 11 2 13 1 18
2 9 12 15 2 3
3 1 25 4 6 4 7 0
4 2 4 6 5 7 0 1 0
6 4 7 1 5 120 250
8 6 1 11 5 2 70 365
1 9 1 0 24 5 3 85 675
1 1 2 32 32 5 5 60 955
1 1 264 58 5 7 15 75
1 2 316 67 5 9 90 65
1 3 63 8 91 1 1 30 3 5 7
2 4 72 0 108 2 1 8 4 6 5 9
2 5 1 84 1 1 9 3 8 3 1 1 0 5 4
NOZZLES
for Quick Reference)
C
S
150 300 6 900 1500
3 2 4 6 5 771 1 0
4 4 6 1 2 1 07 12 1
6 7 1 22 1 2 00 36 6
8 1 11 39 0 4 11 65 4
1 26 57 5 6 12 1 6 6 1
2 44 60 5 9 64 1 6 0 6
2 59 82 6 1 91 2 3 6
4 84 100 3 1 0 0 6 3 0 0 5
5 1 4 0 1 0 0 6 2 0 0 2 4 0 5 4
7 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 8 5 0 0 7
1 0 1 0 8 2 0 8 9 5 5 9 1 9 0 4 3
S C R C EO U
W P E L DI N G S
% 1 2 3
3 l 00 0 0. 0 2. 0 b 45.2 46.3 31.4 961. .30
6 l 00 0 1. 0 5.2 b 0.4 01.7 31. 0 187 . 3 57
414
WEIGHTS OF PACKING
P oP Cu Fnu e d bo s i or c t
S I R Z A SR E C HI I G
N P RG A I I L N N TL A
C E R C
S A
AM R
T CI E CBA EORC
S
NA R LB
L T OP E N
B AO S N
E L T I
% 6 1 4 3 0 3 6 5
% 6 9 1 4 5
% 5 7 2 5 5 7 4
% 1 3 2
~ 5 6 8 6 3 2 7 . 72
x 5 5 3 0 2 4 4
x 9 4
1 4 3 2 2 3 9 5 7 . 4 05
1 7 1
l 4 6 x 3 6 2 1
l 4 4 % 3 3 2 9 4 4 . 4 67
l 4 % 6
2 4 3 2 1 2 7 4 7 . 4 45
3 3 2 2 7 5 3 3
3 % 4 . 2
4 3 6
WEIGHTS OF INSULATION
P O PU C N U
FDE SB O I R OC T
C A LS CI LI IU C M A T E 1 2 .
FOAMGLASS 9.0
M I NW E RO A LO L 8 .
G LF AI B
S SE R 4 -
F O A M G L A S S 8 - 1
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES
V S A H
V S A H
I . A DF &D. . M
S HEAD* E HEMIS.HEAD*
of
Vessel !, wt. of wt. of
i Cu.Ft. Gal. Bbl. Water Cu.Ft. G-d. 13bl. Water
i n . lb. lb.
12 ~ 0.08 0.58 0 4.83
. 0.26
0 1.96
1 0.05 16.34
~~ i
0.12 0.94 7.83 0.42 3.11 0.07 25.95
0.02
16 0.19 1.45 0.03 12.08 0.62 4,64 0.11 38.74
18 ~ 0.27 2.04 0.05 17.00 0.88 6.61 0.16 55.16
20 I 0.37 2.80 0.07 28.33 1.21 9.07 0.22 75.66
22 0.50 3.78 0.09 31.49 1.61 12.07 0.29 100.7
24 0.65 4.86 0.12 40.49 2.09 15.67 0.37 130.7
26 0.82 6.14 0.15 51.15 2.66 19.92 0.47 166.2
28 1.10 8.21 0.20 68.40 3.33 24.88 0.59 207.6
30 1.30 9.70 0.23 80.81 4.09 30.60 0.73 255.4
3’2 1.64 12.30 0.29 102.5 4.96 37.14 0.88 309.9
34 1.88 14.10 0.34 117.5 5.95 44.54 1.06 371.7
36 2.15 16.10 0.38 134.1 7.07 52.88 1.26 441.2
38 2.75 20.60 0.49 171.6 8.31 62.19 1.48 519.0
40 3.07 23.00 0.55 191.6 9.70 72.53 1.73 605.3
42 3.68 27.50 0.65 229.1 11.22 83.97 2.00 700.7
48 5.12 38.30 0.91 319.1 16.76 125.3 2.98 1046
54 7.30 54.60 1.30 454.9 23.86 178.5 4.25 1489
60 10.08 75.40 1.80 628.2 32.73 244.8 5.83 2043
66 13.54 101 2.41 843.9 43.56 325.8 7.76 2719
72 ] 17.65 132 3.14 1100 56.55 423.0 10.07 3530
78 22.32 167 3.98 1391 71.90 537.8 12.80 4488
84 28.47 213 5.07 1775 89.80 671.7 16.00 5606
90 35.56 266 6.33 2216 110.4 826.2 19.67 6895
96 42.51 318 7.57 2649 134.0 1003 23.87 8368
102 52.14 390 9.29 3249 160.8 1203 28.63 10037
108 60.96 456 10.86 3799 190.9 1428 34.00 11914
114 73.66 551 13.12 4590 224.5 1679 39.98 14012
120 84.35 631 15.02 5257 261.8 1958 46.63 16343
126 97.32 728 17.33 6065 303.1 2267 53.98 18919
132 108.7 813 19.36 6773 348.5 2607 62.06 21752
138 127.0 950 22.62 7915 398.2 2978 70.91 24856
144 147.9 1106 26.33 9214 452.4 3384 80.57 28241
.30 .2.5’2315 .253483 .254652 .255822 ,256992 ,25fj165 .259338 ,260512 .261687 .262863
.31 .264039 .265218 .266397 ,267578 .z68760 ,269942 .271126 .272310 .273495 .274682
419
PARTIAL VOLUMES IN HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS COEFFICIENTS (Cont.)
H/’D O 1 4 5 6 7 8 9
P A R
V TO IL I A
H
U O LMR IE Z C SO YN L
T A N
I NL D E R S
( p e r Rc e e n olt Daa gi t e at i Vmo oen tl eu f r m e . )
L *
4 2 2
PARTIALVOLUMESIN ELLIPSOIDALHEADSANDSPHERES
D
I
Partial volumesof ellipsoidalheads and spheres
= total volume x coefficient (in the table
0.0 below)
Two 2:1 Ellipsoidal EXAMPLE:
Headson Horizontal D = 10ft., Oin. H = 2.75 ft.
Vessel Find the partial volume of (2) 2:1 ellipsoidal
Total Volume: 0.2618 D3 heads of a horizontalvessel. The total volume
of the two heads:
O2618 XD3 = O2618 X 103 = 261.8 CU.ft.
QAQ ,Oe;ficientfromtable
Two 2:1 Ellipsoidal HID= 2.75/10= .275
Headson Vertical
Vessel Refer to the first two figures (.27) in the
Total Volume= 2.0944 D3 column headed (H/D) in the table below. Pro-
ceed to the right until the coefficientis found
under the column headed (5) which is the
third digit. The coefficient of .275 is found
to be .185281
O.u Total volumex coefficient= partialvolume
261.8X .185281= 48.506 CU.ft.
Sphere cu. ft. multipliedby 7.480519= U.S.Gallon
Total Volume= 0.5236 D3 cu. ft. multipliedby 28.317016= Liter
COEFFICIENTS
1/D O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 s 9
.00 .0000oO.000003.~~lz .ooO02i.ooOOM.000075.000108.000146.000191.000242
.01 .000298.oao360.0004Z9.~503 .000583.00066S.000760.00085T .0009~ .001069
.02 .001184.001304.001431.m15G~.0017m .001844.001993.00’2143 .002308.002474
.03 .002646.~~szs .003006.0031%.0033R9.003589.00379.5.m~~ .004zzz.004444
.04 .004672.WMN15 .00514~.ms:~~~.00.5638.005893.006153.006-i19
.006691.006968
.05 .007250.00753S.OM’831.008129.008433.008742.009057.009377.009702.010032
.06 .010368.010709.01105.5.01lM7 .011764, . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
.08 .018176 .01!3620 .019069 .0195~:3 .019983 .020447 .020916 .021390 .021869 .022353
.09 .022842 .023336 .023835 .0243:]S .024847 .025360” .025879 .026402 .026930 .027462
.10 .028000 .028542 .029090 .029642 .030198 .030760 .031326 .031897 .032473 .033053
,
.137.56S 1:18042 1:;9719 ,140799 .141883 .142969 .144059
.24 .145152 .146Z18 .147347 .148449 14!)554 .150663
423
P A R
V T
O ILIN ELLIPSOIDAL
A
U L
M E HEADS
S A SPHERESN D
COEFFICIENTS (Cont.)
H/D O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
,
.15625(3 .157376 1.5X5(X3 . .161912 .163054 .164198 .165345 .166495
.26 .167648 .168804 . 16!I!W3 ,17~~~9 .1734.56 .174626 .17.5799 .176974 .1781.53
.27 .179334 . 1s1705 .184086 .18.5281 .186479 .187679 .188S82 .190088
.28 .191’296 J937Z() .19615,5 .197377 .198601 .199827 .201056 .20228S
.29 .203<522 ,~0599~ .2084s4 .2097:30 .210979 .’212231 .21348.5 .214741
. . .218526 19792 . . . . .
.31 .228718 . .~:]1289 .232578 0 . . . ,
.32 .2416CA . .244280 . . . . . .
.33 .254826 . .257483 .258815 . . . f .
,:{4 .~fj~lgz . .270889 .272240 . . . . .
.35 .281750 .283116 .284484 .285853 .287224 .288597 .289972 .291348 .292727 .294106
.36 .295488 .296871 .298256 .299643 .201031 .302421 .303812 .305205 .306600 .307996
.37 .309394 .310793 .312194 .313597 .31504)1 .316406 .317813 .319222 .320632 .322043
<38 .323456 .324870 .326286 .327703 .329122 .330542 .331963 .333386 .334810 .336235
.39 .337662 .339090 .340519 .341950 .343382 .344815 .346250 .347685 .349122 .350561
.40 .352000 .353441 .354882 .356325 .357769 .359215 .3fXM61 .362109 :363557 .365007
.41 .366458 .36791O .369363 .370817 .372272 .373728 .375185 .376644 .378103 .379563
.42 .381024 .382486 .383949 .395413 .386878 .388344 .389810 .391278 .392746 .394216
.43 .395686 .397157 .398629 .400102 .401575 .403049 .404524 .40f3000 .407477 .408954
.44 .410432 .411911 .413390 .414870 .416351 .417833 .419315 .420798 .422281 .423765
.50 .500000 .501500 .503000 .504500 .506000 .507500 .509000 .510499 .511999 .513499
.51 .514998 .516497 .517997 .519496 .520995 .522493 .523992 .525490 .526988 .528486
.52 .529984 .531481 .532979 .534476 .535972 .537469 .538965 .540461 .541956 .543451
.53 .544946 .546440 .547934 .549428 .550921 .552414 .553907 .555399 .556890 .558381
.54 .559872 .561362 .562852 .564341 .565830 .567318 .568805 .570292 .571779 .573265
.55 .574750 .576235 .577719 .579202 .580685 .582167 .583649 .5S5130 ..586610 .588089
.56 .58956S .591046 .592523 .594000 .595476 .596951 .598425 .599898 .601371 .602843
.57 .604314 .605784 .607254 .608722 .610190 .611656 .613122 .614587 .616051 .617514
.58 .618976 .620437 .621897 .623356 .624815 .626272 .627728 .629183 .630637 .632090
.59 .633542 .634993 .636443 .637891 .639339 .640785 .642231 .643675 .645118 .646559
.60 .648000 .649439 .650878 .652315 .653750 .655185 .656618 .658050 .659481 .660910
.61 .662338 .66376.5 .665190 .666614 .668037 .669458 .670878 .672297 .673714 .675130
.62 .676544 .677957 .679368 .680778 .682187 .683594 .684999 .686403 .687806 .689207
.63 .690606 .692~4 .693400 .694795 .696188 .697579 .698969 .700357 .701744 .703129
.64 .704512 .705894 .707273 .708652 .710028 .711403 .712776 .714147 .715,516 .716884
.75 .843750 .844873 .845994 . .848226 .849337 .850446 .851551 .852653 .853752
.76 .854848 .85.594r .857031 . .859201 .860281 .861358 .862432 .863502 .864570
.77 .865634 .866695 .867753 . .869858 .870906 .871951 .872992 .874030 .875065
.78 .876096 .877124 .878148 . .880187 .881202 .882213 .883220 .884224 ,885225
.79 .886222 .887216 .88S206 . .890176 .891155 .892131 .893104 .894073 .895038
.80 .896000 .896958 .897913 .898864 .899811 .900755 .901695 .902631 .903564 .90449:1
.81 .905418 .906340 .907257 .908171 .909082 .909988 .910891 .911790 .912685 .913576
.8z .914464 .915348 .917103 .917976 .918844 .919708 .920568 .921425 .922277
.83 .923126 .923971 .925648 .926481 .927309 .928134 ,928954 .929771 .930584
.84 .931392 .93~19f3 .933793 .934585 .935373 .936157 .9369:36 .93771’2 .938483
424
PARTIALVOLUMESIN ELLIPSOIDALHEADSANDSPHERES
COEFFICIENTS(Cont.)
H/D O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
, 9 . . . , + , 1 , . 1ti,j .
. , 1 . . .!J7!J,53J .!)S()()17 .!)S0477 .!)S0!):11 .!)X1:{S()
,q~ ,!)~I$J24 ,OS~~(}~\ ,9~yyj7 .9%{126 .!)s35.70 .9S:N69 ,WLHw .!)s47!)1 .9S3L94 .!)%359:;
,!):; .!)S5986 .9X6374 .986757 .9s71 ;\.; .9s7507 .!)S7S74 ,f)SS2:3[i.{)8,WJ9:1.9%S94.j .9S920 I
,94 ,!)H96:{2 .98996S .q~om)~ .99062!3 .9!W943 .9!)1’2.5S.091.567 .!XI1871 .992169 .992462
,gj ,J)9~750 .9!)3032 .!)93:;09 .993.581 .!)!):;s47 ,~\)4107 ,f)~~~(j~ .994(jlj .!194S,56 .9!).50!).5
.{)6 .9!).5:VZ3 .~q.5.5.56 .!)9.5778 ,<)~.50{)4 ,~)f)(j~ofi ,!)!)ti~11 .9!)(X311.!IWLX(),5.!)96994 .997177
.{)7 .9973.54 .997.526 .99769z .997SS2 .9!)S007 .!)!)S1.56 .998:300 .!)!)S4:17 .WXWIX).Wl!lfi!)ti
.q~ .!-)9s816 .998931 .!)99040 .9{19143 .!)!)9240 .9w:J32 .999417 .999497 .9!W.J71 .999(L!O
.99 .999702 .!J9W’5S .!)99809 .WXW54 .!NW89’2 .999925 .999952 ,!10!)!)73 .WW9N3 .999997
1,001 ,()()(XM)O
425
A S
( S qF Iu e a e r n et )
* a o straight
mr e isnot
flanges e i an f ci t l f u i do tgeh t ud ar nhbe e sl
O u t C ys l i i nd d 2er i c a lA : S M 1 eE
H m W F i s l
D i a S
m eperht eE e rl l il p F s l ol ia ad a n pl gh n ee rd H i dc
e a
of Vessel Lineal Foot H e D a iH ds ehH* e ea d a d d
Di n ( c n- x D)
h e . s D 0( 92
8 X0 D ( . . x 59 D
2) 7 ( 1 0 x D .)28 71 X
1 3 . 1 21 . 04 0 . 19 9 . 02 5 .
1 3 . 1 46 . 16 4 . 28 2 . 15 1 .
1 4 . 1 61 . 19 9 . 24 6 . 14 7 .
1 4 . 2 87 . 21 4 . 35 0 . 17 5 .
2 5 13 0 . 23 0 . 42 5 . 26 3 .
2 5 . 3 27 . 36 6 . 56 1 . 20 2 .
2 6 . 4 42 . 38 3 . 66 6 . 38 2 .
2 6 . 5 68 . 41 1 . 72 3 . 32 0 .
2 7 . 5 83 . 52 9 . 82 0 . 40 5 .
3 7 . 6 08 . 55 8 . 91 7 . 46 8 .
3 8 . 7 23 . 67 7 . 16 5 1 5.3 1 .
3 8 . 8 49 . 70 7 . 15 3 2 6.9 1 .
3 9 . 9 64 . 83 8 . 12 2 4 7.9 1 .
3 9 . 1 89 0 9.4 9 . 13 2 5 7.1 7 .
4 1 0 1. 0 42 17. 01 1. 1 27 08. 4 .
4 1 1 1. 2 03 10. 13 1. 5 29 59. 2 .
4 1 2 1. 8 57 17. 44 2. 7 75 10. 21
5 1 4 2. 4 12 14. 80 3.9 61 10. 58
6 1 5 2. 0 7 2 1. 33 3. 0 69 10. 92
6 1 7 3. 6 23 2 8. 71 4. 0 87 20. 35
7 1 8 3. 2 89 3 5. 32 5. 0 06 20. 85
7 2 0 4. 8 46 32. 80 6. 0 86 35. 33
8 2 1 5. 4 93 49. 54 7. 0 06 30. 89
9 2 3 6. 0 51 56. 12 8. 0 68 40. 43
9 2 5 6. 6 29 50. 88 1. 0 0 9 0 50 . 05
1 2 0 6 7. 2 78 60. 68 1. 0 1 2 3 55 . 64
1 2 0 8 8. 8 28 77. 42 1. 5 2 3 7 65 . 32
1 2 1 9 9. 4 88 85. 32 1. 5 4 0 1 70 . 07
1 3 2 1 1. 0 0 5 9 90 . 20 10. 5 0 7 70 . 80
1 3 2 2 1. ~
6 9 ( )
1 9 .
0 10 11 . 7 8 3 58 . 62
1 3 3 4 1. 23 5 21 6 . 1 0 1 10 . 9 5 0 09 . 50
1 3 3 6 1. 84 2 41 0 . 2 0 1 20 . 0 5 7 10 . 0 7 2
1 3 4 7 1. 4 5 7 71 0 . 3 0 2 20 . 2 2 6 10 . 1 2 3
D I
W M II L L ITEMQ EU THI V
E A
R L E N T S
Milli- Milli- M
D e ‘ c i Dm ” ea m
cli i - mDecimala l
m
Decimal
meter
g 9A
. 7 . 1 . i
: 1 . 7 . 1 . 2
; ; 2 . 8 . 1 . I
9 1 2
. 3 . I9 . 1 . 2
. 4 . 1
1 . 1 . 2
. 5 . 1 ; 1 . 2
6 ~ 1 1 1 2
D AF
INCHES
In. o I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 .0000 . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ;
. . . . . . , , . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
X . . . . . . . . . . .
. , . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
~ . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . , . . . .
~ . . . . . . , . . . .
. , . . . . . . . ,
. . . . . . . . . . .
1 . . . . , . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . , .
427
U O M M
unit symbol equivalent of
Length meter m 39.37 in
Area meter2 1.196 sq.yard
Volume meter 3 1.310 cu.yard
Weight/massl gram 0.035 Oz
Time second second
Temperature degree Celsius O“C = 32°F
100”C = + 212°F
S y m prefix
b o I l Unit Multiplied by I N a
m i k ]r o( ) m i. l l6 i o
m m i n 1 i 0 t .h o u 3s a n
c c e n 1t i 0 h . u n d2 r e
d d e c 1 i 0 t - e 1 n
D d e k 1 a t 0 e
h h e k 1
t o 0 h u n 2 d r
k k i l 1 o 0 t h o 3u s a
M m e g 1 a 0 m i l 6 l i
EXAMPLE:Unit of weightis gram; 1000 gram is one kilogram,1 kg
1,000m= 1 kilometer,km
MEASURESOF LENGTH
UNIT: METER, m
z
I
*1 decimeter, dm = O.lm
Z ~ 1 centimeter, cm = 0.01 m
gs
~ ~ 1 millimeter, mm = 0.001 m
T
LLJ
1,()()0,000m2 = I < ~
= I
= 1 a*
MEASURESOF AREA
UNIT: SQUARE METER, m2
2
o+
*I sq. decimeter, dm2 = 0.01 m2
r ~ 1 sq. centimeter, cm2 = 0.0001m2
~ -J 1 sq. millimeter, mm2 = 0.000,001m2
~ L
L o i p r a c t i c n e
MEASURES OF VOLUME
UNIT: CUBIC METER. m3
1 hectoliter, hl = O.lm~
1 liter, 1 = 0.001m3
cu. centimeter = 0.000,001m3
$I ~
cu. millimeter = 0.000,000,001m3
1 g= 1t t G
100,000 g = 1 quintal, q
~~
1,000 g = 1 kilogram, kg
10 g = 1 dekagram, dg ~ ~
1
MEASURES OF WEIGHT
UNIT: GRAM, g
L
E
o~ centigram, cg = 0.01 g
G ~
~ -J milligram, mg = 0.001 g
&L
429
4
M S O M
,
M E A OS LU R
E EN S G T F H
k m d c mm p mm m m
1 km 1
l m
~ &
1c 1 1 0 1 0 . m1 0 - 5 1 - 2 104 1 107 0
1m 1 1 0 1 0 - m 1 0 - 6 10 - 3 1 - 21 10 0
I 1 p 0
1 1 0 - . 1 0 - 9 1 0 - 6 10 - 5 1 - 4 30
1m 1 p 1 10 -
MEASURES OF AREA
k h ma 2 a m m
1k 1 1m 1 01’ 01 201 40 0 6 1 8
1 ha 1 10 1 - 1 201 01 201010 40 6
l 1 0
10-’ 1 a - 1 4 1 01 01 20 40
1 m 1 1 0 1 0 - 21 0 . 6 1 - 41 201 0 4 20
1d 1 1m0 1 0 - 1z 0 - 8 1 0 - 6 102 -. 4 1 2 0
1c 1 01m -1 0 1 ]z 0 - 0 (1 . 8) 1 0 6- 1 - 4 20
1m 1 010-10
m - 1 1 12 0 2 1 0 - 1 0 - 8 10 - 6 - 4
M E A OS VU R
O EL S U M F E
m h 1 d 3 cl m m m 3 m 3
1m 1 1 1 3 1 0 1( 0 1 33 0 3 0 6
1 hl 10-1 1 1 1 0 1( 1 32 0 2 0 5
1 1 10 0
1- 1 1- 3 1 2 1 0 0 3
1 d 1 m10 01- s 1 -3 1 2 1( 3 0 3
1c 1 m10 10- s 1 0-6 10 .5 1 -3 3 0
1m 1 m1 0 10 - J 1 0- 9 1 0 -8 10 - 6 -6 3
MEASURESOF WEIGHT
t ~ kg dg g Cg mg
It 1 10 103 105 106 108 109
lq 10-1 1 102 104 105 107 108
1 kg 10-3 10-2 1 102 103 105 106
1 dg 10-5 10.4 10-2 1 10 103 104
lg 10-6 10-5 10-3 10-1 1 102 103
1 Cg 10-8 10-7 10-5 10-3 10-’2 1 10
1 mg 10-9 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-3 10-1 1
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
Weight of the water in a cylindrical vessel of 2,000 mm inside diameter and
10,000 mm length: 3.1416 x 1,0002 x 10,000 = 31,416,000,000 mm3
31,416 liter, 1
31.416 cu. meter, m
(The weight of one liter of pure water at the maximum 31416 kilogram, kg
density (4”C) equals one kilogram.)
430
RECOMMENDED
PRESSUREVESSELDIAMETERS
RECOMMENDED
TANKDIAMETERS
,
Diameters Diameters Diameters Diameters
in API feet in meters in API feet in meters
Scales @Metric Drawings: enlarging the object, 2, 5, 10, 20 times reducing the
object in proportion of 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000
* Reference: M a i with
k Metric,
i The
n National
g Board
t of Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Inspectors.
431
1 I
2
0
v
I
i 1
’32
433
434
435
I
I I
t
t
II
I
II
I
I I
I
I
436
.
II
2
I
t
II I
II I
II
I
I
437
I Oulclcnm -me -F
I 00 - r
‘]“
4
T ‘“
m * A G - - c i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- r-l w) e w, @ r- m m
438
—
h
—
—
—
*
—
m
—
N
—
.
I
1
439
t i
5
440
1 1
r
I
t 1
1
: I I
I
.
441
—
D e w e e s— M i n uS te ec so
1
0
120° o
~
1 0.0174533 121 1 1 0
2 0.0349066 i2 122 2 2 0
3 0.0523599 ;3 [23 3 3 0 , 0 0
4 0,06981
32 ;4 [24 4 4
5 0.0872665 ;5 125 5 5
6 0.10471
98 ;6 [26 6 6
7 0.1221730 57 127 7 7
8 0.1396263 58 128 8 8
9 59 129 9 9
[0 70 130
11 71 131
12 0 . 2 072 9 4 3 9 132
5
13 0 , 2 273 6 8 9 2 133
8
14 0 . 2 474 4 3 4 6 134
1
15 0 .9 2 75 6 1 7 135
9 4
16 0 .2 2 76 7 9 2 136
S 7
17 0 . 2 977 6 7 0 6 137
0
18 0,3141593 78 138
19 0,3316126 79 139
20 0.3490659 80 140
21 0.366S1
91 81 141
22 0.3839724 82 142
23 0.4014257 83 143
24 0.4188790 84 144
25 0.4363323 85 145
26 0.4537856 86 146
27 0.47123
89 87 147
28 0.4886922 88 148
29 0.50614
S5 89 149
30 0.5235988 90 150
31 0.5410521 91 151
32 0.5585054 92 152
33 0.5759587 93 1s3
34 0.5934119 94 154
35 0.6108652 95 155
36 0,62831
85 96 156
37 0.6457718 97 157
38 0,6632251 98 158
39 0.6806784 99 159
40 0.6981317 00 160
41 0.715S850 01 161
42 0,7330383 02 162
43 0.7504916 03 163
44 0,7679449 04 164
45 0,7853982 05 165
46 0.8028515 06 166
47 0.8203047 07 167
48 0,8377580 08 168
49 0.8552113 ’09 169
50 0.8726646 ‘lo 170
0.8901179 171
0.9075712 172
0.9250245 173
0,9424778 174
0.95993 175
.09773844 176
0.9948377 177
1.01229 178
179
180
— — — — —
442
C T – D
R A DT DI A
E G
N R
S E EO S
1 R A = ~D =I 5 A7 .N
D 2 E 9 G5 R7 8E E S
Ten-
R a d i Tenths
a n siiundrcdths Thousandths t
1 ’ 5 ’ 6 o ~’ j O0 0 “.6
2 114035’29“.6 11027‘33“. O I 0 8’41”.3 00 6‘52”, 5 00 0’41“.3
3 171053’14“.4 1701I ‘19“. 4 1043‘Q7“.9 O010‘!8 1
4 229010’39“.2 6 1 f 5
5 2 I1 1
6 3 O
7
8 1I 8 2 1
9 O
E X A M P L E S
1 C h 8 a 2 3n t 7gr. 6 ea 4 d ° i ’ ”a o n
S o l Fu t t i r oo a o n po: b p ol m s a ei tn ge
8 = 1 . 75 1 r 8 a 4 03d 5i 4 a n s
26’ = 0 . 0 0 r 7 a5 6d 3i 1 a n s
3 = 0 . 40 0 r 0 a1 ”6d 4i 8 a n s
~ 2 3 =7 14 6 . 5 27 r0 6 sa 1 ’ 6d 4i 3 a n s
2 C h 1 a . r n 5a t g. dd2 eie 6 ag 2 nr se e o s
S o l Fu t t i r ao a n bo: b o lm v e e
1 a =
r 5d 1 i 4 a 47 n7- 8 0 t > ’
0 . = 2 3 5 5 82 8 . °4 ’ ”
0 . = 01 8 4 2 5 . 30 ’ ”
0 . 0 = 00 2 3 6 7 0 . 6° ’ ”
0 . 0 =0 0 0o 4 2 1 . 30 ’ ”
1 . 5 =2 8 86 2 2 26 31 . °4 ’ °
= 8 2 4 71 6 . 04 ’ ”
443
3’ o“ 39’ 0“
o% 6’ 0“ 0.%
C F
( c o Fn fv ea mor cs e t i t seor ton t a or itnh Ss ndm a g s er hdyert s st rAe t f ieEe f1S3cm 8e , 0T
M U L T I P L Y B T O Y
B T A
c e n t ........................................
i m e t e r s 3 . x 2 8 fl 0 8 e& 3 e2
c e n t ........................................
i m e t e r s . 3 9 3 7
...............................
:ubic feet ...........................................
:ubic feet ...........................................
:ubic feet ...........................................
.......................................
......................................
......................................
.........................................
. ... . .... . . .. . .... . . ..
........................................
.....................................................
.....................
.....................
.....................
...................
...................
.........
. . . .. . . .. . .... .. ... . . ...
...........................
..............................
.................................................
d ....... ..................... l
.............
iters ...................................................
meters ............................ ...................
meters ................................................
meters ................................................
statute .....................................
..........................................
..........................................
............................
...........
...........
radians ...............................................
............................
....................................
....................................
......................................
......................................
.......
...........................................
.. . .. . . ... . .... . ... . . ... . .
.. . . .. . . ... .. ... . ... .. . .. .
.. . . . .. . . .. .. .... .. .. .. ....
..........................................
..........................................
y ...... a
447
PART IV.
S A S F T
DEFINITION OF SYMBOLS s~ = Bendingstress,psi
A =Cross s e c a t i i r o n en a s l a 2= Shearstress,psi
, . ~
AR = RequiredcrosssectionalArea, in2 S~ = Allowabletensileor compressive
I =Moment of inertia, in4 stress, si
M =Moment, in-lb S~* = AlIowat le bendingstress,psi.
M* = Allowablemoment,in-lb s~~ = Allowableshear stress,psi.
P =F olb r c e , Y = Distance from neutral axis to
PA = Allowable force. lb extreme fiber, in
s =Tensile or compressive stress, psi Z = Section modulus, in3
TYPE OF LOADING EXAMPLES
A STRESSES
FOR NONPRESSUREPARTSOF VESSELSANDOTHERSTRUCTURES
W E J L OD S EI TD N E T E F L
P O SR
D E F I ON S I Y
T I MO BN O I JF j
r = Radius of gyration, ~~
A = A i zr e n a Y =, D . i s t a a n [ ec xxe f t i i ir b
1 = i ’ z =n . i ’ n
A = bd
f = I=
y
Z =
r = 0.289a
.
:
,
::,
.,.
,.,,
::
.
:,: Z =
r = 0.577d
E&
A =
y = Yzd
d h “~~ . ~~
1
:’ I
“i Y
Z – d
1----1 a
r = 0.S77a
u
k
b
‘=
L a
, ,..
—’:”
,
. , .
A = az
,,
y =
I=
.
: .
a
. ,:
.
A = ‘~ bd
I=
\@ a 2 Z = 0.118 a~ Z =
r = 0.289a r = d
A =
I =
Z =~’– Z =
a—
r = 0.289 U2+ b2
K -r = 0.408d
A =
b
A =
a Y= +
y = 0.707a
/ ~= +
\ ( b a
/“ — ~
I 12
~ - ( +4 a +b a
Y Z =(0.118a’ –
a :“,,.:.”’
\
r = 0,289 + w 1 ( 2 a
E!h
A = bd A =
y = Y2d Y=
-
I= I =
‘ ‘ I Z=
r = 0,289d 1
- .. -
Z =
r = Q
451
P O SR O
D E F I ON S I TY I MO NB r O. LF S
A = z c x f { ii r be
1 = Moment of inertia, in.4 z = Section modulus, ,
A = A =
,. ~ =: ~ – +
y = ➤ [
? ,,,.,,,.
:,:,.-- ,.,.:,.
.,., .
.:::.:. F
I= i =
, . Y ,
L ,.,,
:,:.,.:,:,:.:.:
,.,.;.:.:.:.
......., -(a -
Z = 0.098(D4-d4 )/D
d z =I /
w r u r = f
E
Z=
d s
r = 0.132 d 6
A =
Y=
I
Z
r
A =
y =
i = [bd’–h’(b–O]
/12
Z
/4 = bs + h( A =
?..... y = :
... -
:~,: + 2
i ~ fj != 1
...............
Y
z =
r
452
C G E
‘ center of gravity
h of an area ore body is the point through which about any axis the
loment of the area or body is zero. If a body of homogeneousmaterial at the center of
ravity were suspended it would be balanced in all directions.
‘he center of gravityof symmetricalareas ass uare, rectangle,circle,etc. coincideswith
h geometrical center of the area.e For arqas w1 i c n hsymmetrical
. a oor whichare
r e t
Ymmetricalabout one axn only, the center of gravitymaybe determinedby calculation.
-+
. Y
The center of gravity is located on the centerline of
symmetry. (Axis y –y)
To determine the exact location of it:
1 Divide the area into 3 rectangles
area of each. (A, B, C)
. and calculate the
25
2. Determine the center of gravity of the rectangles
and determine the distances a b and c to a
I selected axis (x – x) per endicular to axis y – y.
c 3. Calculate distance y to rocate the center of -gravity
C.g” by the f o r m u l a :
x I
Y ~-
Y
b
a
x
A
y = Aa+ Bb +
s
A +B+ C
s f ua mo rr i eon c e tg Aa= 16,
an B=
gr l14
s e sf :
and C= 12 square inches and for the distances of
center of gravities: a = 1, b = 5 and c = 9 inches.
EXAMPLE #1
y = 16X 1+ 14X5+12X 9 = 4462in.
16+ 14+ 12
C O G E
A T R I
A N G L E
rh \
\ E
T
w
c
bh
eo g h n r i at a t evi e n itr e t rhof sly e AD
the
i isides
s BC
c itsa it eoBE,
nn
c eand Ahc Thet p e r Cp e nd d ii c .s u l t a
e
L B
A
‘ a
c
f
t
t cr
t hh
eo\ g ohn r t anyta mone
ve ofe the
pei e hr i pr e gnt dt ih side.
i r sides
t is
ce u tHence,
f yequal too
hl a ra = ha+ 3 o t
T R A P E Z O I D
. I B- ” D 7
T c eo g h n r i ot a t vel e ji r ot i thf iym n n isp ni hedon e dgi
r r p a l r AB a i l DE.
ln e el s
h e
= ~ (a + 2 b) ~ = h (2 a + b)
c
3 (a+ b) 3 (a+ b)
1 m a + 2
‘D
f!J--
IEd e =
1--- 3( b a + )
SECTOR OF CIRCLE
Distance b from center of gravity to center of circle is:
2 rc = r2c = 38 ~g, r sin a
rA b
‘T E - o!
T /< i w A h= of
i sector,c an ih e x p i rd e e s g s r e sed
a For the area of a half-circle:
4 b = A r + 3 T = 0.4244r
For the area of a quarter circle:
@ b
b = 4 & X r + 3 T = o.6o02r
F t a o a os r h o ai c e irx er a t c f lh ef :
b = 2 r + T = 0.6366 r
SEGMENT OF CIRCLE
r 1 The distance of the center of gravity from the center of the circle
C is: ~3 r3 s a i n
b = —
b 12A = 3 A
l=$kl in which A ==area of segment.
b = 38.197 ‘$~$a
& h A a in e x g p i rdegrees.
l e s e s e sd n
FRUSTUM OF CONE
} For a solid frustum of a circular cone the formula:
a = h (R2 + 2 R + 3 rz) r
•i-r 4 (R2 -i- Rr r2)
T l o oc th a c t eoi g ohen r no tta c vef eo isr nhtu foi yar c f f
o h frustum of a cone is determined by:
I – h( 2r R + )
3 * P
d a – 3 (R+ r)
4
C O G E
EXAMPLES
A 1 -o 0 0 ’ “
1 = I
I
2r-o”-
80 Ibs
75000 Ibs b
lb
’600 Ibs lb
2’-6” 1800
x I
lb
600 lb
78880 lb
B 108’-0” 9
t’ 56’4’)” 2’ *
6’-0”– 42’-0” 2’-0”
(24000 Ibs) ~ (17000 Ibs)
5’-0”
2400 I b 1900 lbs s & I = 1000 Ibk
t , +
A[
weight:
x 17000 lb
1400 lb
1 l 9
. -
●
B F O
D E F I ON S I TY I M
O NB O W’L F
= Sload, lb.
E = V =
r = ! v =
I = u n i d f i os trl r mi bl ouy t e
w =
= M oo f m io l e r n c nt x b e= fD , i .p s . at t ara Xan i lcx l e e i ln
P= F o co o n r c le ncl t or aeA t ae=f dD
b de f il , e c. t i on n ,
R = e =
R V P = =
K
A s u p p = Po r tt , 1
R M X = P X
~
x
1 A free end, Arnu = $& Ax
t = ~6EI ‘2’3 – 312X+ X3)
R W12
A support, l14max
= ~ t Mx= +
W14 A = - ( !– 4 +
! 3 1 _X 1
At freeend, = —
8 2 E 4 I E
Cantilever fixed at one end – Load increasing uniformly from free end to support
R V=w Vx=WA = M x =
12
WI
R w= -+- A support, = — t
3
W13 A a= & x
At free end, A = ~m & x () – 1 E5 4 1xr
W12
free end, O = + —
Z2EI
456
B F O
5 Supported at both ends Concentrated load at mid-span
P R] = R2 = v = P/2
12 1/2
A load, = —
Pl W xt < h M1 e ~
P
1 n x
RI R2 4
x P 1 3
l Ao = —a m Ad e a , e =nx– ~ = d- t ,
1 4 8 E 1 I 6 E
B W x < h1 ‘ ‘e ‘ /( n– 4~ 3 2 X X/ 1 x ’ ’
6 S u p a pb o e r to C e no dn tc e ld n t tah ra aospt e d oa n i d nt
Max w a < b h R~ = V/ e= —
Pb An l o = —a d
1 1
P
Max when a >b R2 = V2 = — W x h e<
MX = —
Pbx
a b 1
~ when a > b A rnti = — i 1– b~)s
RI A l A o. a
2 &> 3
x ~bx
1 W x<a h Ax = 3(1’
e – nb’ –X2)
m
91=– & (2al + $ –3a’
)
A ends, t
= + —
-
7 S u p a pb o e r T
ot e nu d tn cw
deo t nhq c seul n ota oer al qat s e uddpf a sea l r , cl
R V=P = =W x<a h MX= PX e
P, P2 (3f’–t 4a2)
a a A center, Arnax
=~
W x h = —e – n3a2 – X2}
RI R :1 I
’31a
x When X>u AX
but x <(1– Q) = ~ (3h - 3X2– az)
1
B At ends, 6 = Pa 2EI(1 – a)
8 Supported at both ends Two equal concentrated loads, unequally spaced from ends
+ P2b ~2 = + P2(1- b)
RI = V1 =
PP I 1
a b
Whenx = – PI
when RIQ1 Ml = RI a
but X – v
Max w
RI R1 h M2 = R2eb
W x<a h M. e= RI X n
1
B W x ah e n >
but x < (1 - b) MX = RI x – (X – a)
) a both ends Uniformload overentirespan
WI
V=W l
R = = - -
(—-j
2
V
)
-
W M ~ ( - xx) P =
~ ‘ c e ‘ n ‘ t -e m r t- ’ j a -
1
center,Arnu= ~ Ax – +
‘ ’
1
*
At ends, O= —
24EI
m
457
B F O
o ends Uniform load partially distributed over span’
Max w a< h = e= ~ (2cn + b) c
,l~lR lvlaxwhena~:V =~(2.,~)
W X hb x< e>+ b) u n= ( –a –t a
2
x Mmax = RI a+
At x = a + ~
2W w
I When x <a =RIX
‘b
When x>a but Mx = R ~ ( I – a)2 X –
W x h b)
> =e( –a n +
F a ib e x oC oen n ct de l nd ta hrm ao sti e dd a- s pd a t n
12 p 1/2 $tte;e~;er and M... . ~
R= =; V
8
$ <, ‘ P
i $ W xx < h M.1 =e ~. (4x/ –n 1) 2
‘ \ \ ~
/ A = & A = - 4
I
= —
= 3
3 Both ends are overhanging Uniform load over entire beam
x R = V{ + V2 = w(a + l\2) VXI = WXI V. = W(X– 112)
m
For overhang, = ~ A support, M = $ t
u
I!!
B e s t u wp pe =o e ~ r n(lx
M. t –s X2–
, a’)
A ~ – 4 t
x
a a Whena = . x total length or A = .3541
R, WP
RI M == — M C
1 6
458
D W J
FOR STRUCTURALMEMBERS
GROOVE-AWELD
Groove w a u ac o t b m F g W t s o
s i a a f t m t t j t
FILLET WELD
S of w u e l e d
throat The size of an equal-leg fillet weld is the leg
/ dimension of the largest 45° ri ht triangle inscribed
,.‘... in the cross section of the wel8 .
b
I-1---J%’ The size of an unequal-legfilletweldis the
face shortestdistancefrom the root to the face of the
filletweld.
,,
MinimumWeldsize*
\ over
Thicknessof the thickerplate, in. 1/2 3/4 ‘/2 ZY4 6 6
Minimum fillet weld size, in. 3/16 ‘/4 %6 % ‘/2 5/8
* Weld size need not to exceed the thickness of the thinner part joined
Economyof filletwelding
1. Use the minimumsizeof filletweldrequiredfor the desiredstrength.
Increasing the size of a fillet weld in di~ectproportion, the volume (and costs) of it
will increase with the square of its size.
2. L ow tc a e a e vc t c l e oen t t b r diri c oei dat acy ,c d ea s i i s doli oebwy l n e- ,w e l d
p o s i t i o n .
3. A f p wi pt lr ae l nl s t vyet l e f r t s t edoa l hyc rg h r csi o ete e rea ve ot ne eg tr h
/ )# ,
AllowableLoad
The strength of the welds is a function of the welding procedure and the electrode used.
For carbon steeI joints commonly used maximum allowable static load 9,600 (9.6 kips) lbs
er 1 square inch of the fillet weld leg-area, or 600 Ibson a %6” le x 1“ I f W
Fo e x at am l p l l oh eowr a: %
ao xb 1 ell ae f oi d 4 xln%
w 0 ne =“l 2 4 0“eIlg t db
C o mL b oi n ae d d s
S s h at eb r e aoe ntn sord r sis s t niddr og t e ne sac r slcul e o nsm
a t bd r ec ii oo cn am g b
v e c t Io i r b i a ola tl ye s. l t ea hhat ss pde t r noiaoesn vcir mi ya pd cl edoi nsf s i ne e r dv
m e t h o d .
-rd7
D W J
FOR STRUCTURALMEMBERS
~ subjectedto bendingmoment,in2
V =V e sr thk i e c i aa l r p ,
A = Length of weld, in. W = F wi l l d e i l m eiel n ts i d o
f = A l l l o ow w$o b9 elk ae l ~i .=ddL n op , f o 6 wi s k al e p l li d e nd
p m .l e eg - a rr e a l ii o nw n e ea c l l h
= B e m n o d k mi en i ng t ps , = Avera se vertical shear on fillet
P = Allowable concentrated axial weld, Eips per lin. inch of weld
? w~ = Bending force on weld, kips per
w
“ “
EXAMPLE #1
Determine the required size of fillet weld. The length of the weld is all around 8.5
inches and the tensional load 20 kips.
20,000 Ibs.
~ . -P- .’ 20
—= 2.35 kips per lin. in.
A,,, 8.5
o
w
w =
=— 0.24; use X“ fillet weld
$ f .
EXAMPLE #2
Determine the required size of fillet weld. The length of the weld 12 inches (6” each
side) and the load 9 kips.
& 62
Section modulus, (from table) SW= ~= ~= 12 in’
9,000 lbs
3’ M 3x9
Bending Force, ~ = — = 2.25 kips per lin. inch
w 12
v
Shear ForceW, = ~W= ~ = 0.75kips per lin. inch
DESIG~ OF’ W J
PROPERTIES OF WELD OUTLINES
1 I
d2
x—. -- x s. = —6
t
s ‘ ~d z
I
S = b W d
— —
L
b d ( + d 4 b )
S ( =t~ o p w )
iY - dl ( + d 4 3 b )
— + S— ( b o= —tx t o mW )
+ 6 (2b + d)
i x
r I r at bottom)
(max.stress
I Y
--b-
Y
1-l
s . b + : W d
x
,v I
d ( + 2 d b )
b S ( = t~ o p w )
1
Y
d (2b + d) 2
I
x ;W = ( b o~ t t o m ) )
d A‘ ~ – +
I ( fm a ob a o r x t ct . o e m t )
Y
b
t - SW. hi l
d x - x
1 +
d 2
S . ~ w
dx – x
1 0
461
E C AX
E C AX
EXAMPLE #2
A vertical vessel is supported by two
beams.
I The weight of the vessel is 20,000 lbs
._===------=--- _-.---=
=---- .- .
1 = 120 in Assume pin joint
Moment:
P 10,000x 120 l
M =—= = 300,000 in-lb
4 4
I
d 10’-0” Required section modulus:
z=!!
S*
Assuming for allowable stress, SA: 20,000
psi,
I
Section modulus:
z= 300,000 = 15 in3
b: I :
20,000
I The section modulus of a wide flange
8WF 20 is 17 in3
Moment of inertia: 69.2
I Deflection:
A A
10,000x 1203
A = ~ =
48EI 48 x 29,000,000 X 69.~=
.1794 in - %6 h.
463
B C
FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
1 I1 / 7 A , I / 6 8
% 7 1f / 1~ 8
1 1~ 1 5 / 1 6
7 1i 1 1y16
1 1~ 1%6 f ?46
1 1E 1 I1 1
1 1l
1 l 1 2
1Y 1 7 ‘ 2/ z ~ 8 1
~ 6 1 6
.MISCELLANEOUS
1. Abbreviations........................................................................................ 466
5. Literature............................................................................................... 479
7. Index ti_~.___~~_~~~fi~ti.~.ti.~~~.~~~mu~~tiomofiu.ti.ti.
m.o.ti.~. 494
466
A
COMPILED:From 1 ASAZ32.13-1950ABBREVIATIONS
. FOR USE
ON DRAWINGS
2. ASAZIO.I-I941 ABBREVIATIONS
FOR
SCIENTIFIC& ENGINEERINGTERMS
ADDED: ABBREVIATIONS GENERALLYUSEDON
VESSEL& PIPINGDRAWINGS
ABBREVIATIONS
(cont.)
ABBREVIATIONS
(cont.)
ABBREVIATIONS (cont.)
C STANDARDS,SPECIFICATIONS
TANKS
S 1 S f p
Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Pro-
duction Liquids, 1988
Std 620 Recommended Rules for Design and Construction of
Large Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks, 1990
Std 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, 1988
U L I ( n a
N 1 S A T f F a C b
t L
N 5 S U T f F a C n
t L
A W W A (
D AWWA Standard for Welded Steel Tanks for Water
Storage
N F P A ( r
N 3 F &C L C l
N 5 L P G S a H
N 5 L P G a U G P
PIPING
A N S I ( m
B —1 P P
B —1 F G P
B — 1 C P a P R P
B — 1989 L P T P S r
B —1 R P w 1 A e
B —1 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
HEAT EXCHANGERS
E J M A I a x
S 5 E w 1 A a P G tt E
s J
PIPES
M A
The American S f T (ASTM)
a M
1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 1 Iron and Steel
Products
Volume01.O1/SteelPiping, Tubing and Fittings, 131 Standards
Volume 01.03/Steel Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Wire, 95 Standards
Volume 01.04/Structural Steel, Concrete Reinforcing Steel,
Pressure Vessel Plate and Forgings, Steel Rails,
Wheels, and Tires — 135 S
M I
I C o B O n ( o
U B C — 1
S S P C ( t
Steel Structures Painting Manual
Volume 1, Good Painting Practice
Volume 2, Systems and Specifications
U B a P V L S
S o B a P V L R a R
b S C C a P ( S a C
—
473
CODES,STANDARDS,SPECIFICATIONS
Environment P r
C o Federal Regulations, Protection of Environment, 198840- Parts 53
to 60
(Obtainable from any Government Printing Office)
A S o C E (ASCE)
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ASCE 7-88 (Formerly ANSI A58.1)
TABULATION OF THE
BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL LAWS
OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
JURISDICTION I II XV VIII(1)VIII(2) XI
Alabama NNNN NN
Alaska YYYY YN
Arizona YNYN NN
Arkansas YYYY YY
California YYYY YY
Colorado YYYY YY
Connecticut YYYN NN KEY:ASMECode
Delaware YYYY YY SEC
Florida YNYY NN I P B o o wi
1 ( 1 1 )
Georgia YYYY YY
Hawaii YYYY Y y VIII(l)- PressureVessels
Idaho YYYY Y N VIII(2)-PressureV e s
Illinois YNYY YY XI-I n Is n e s r p ve
Indiana YYYY YN N u c l e
I o wY Y a Y Y Y Y Y
Kansas YYYNNY N- Lawdoesnotcover
Kentucky YYYYNN *-Onlyportionsof
YNYN NN Codeorcall
Louisiana jurisdiction
Maine YNYY YN
Maryland YYYY Y Y SOl.JRCE:
Massachusetts YYYYN y T c o h nt da be io un ls
Michigan Y Y Y Y* N Y ::;;:t$;n ;::5:::0;::5;;
Minnesota YNYY YY Law5RulesandRegu,ation~
Mississippi YNYY N N CoP~right 1994 uniform
Missouri YYYY Y y Boilerand PressureVessel
Montana YNYN N N LawsSociety.
Nebraska YNYN N N [t doesnotlistalltheexemp-
Nevada YNYY Y N tionandvari~cesinthem
New Hampshire YNYY N N laws and regulations.More
New Jersey YYYY YY detailedinformation is avail-
New Mexico YNYN NN :::5u;::;:;:n:::;:;:n:;;
New York YNYY N N beobtainedfromthejurisdic-
North Carolina YYYY Y Y tiomlauthority ortheSociety.
North Dakota YNYY YN
Ohio YYYY YY
Oklahoma YNYY YN
Oregon YYYY YY
Pemsylvania YYYY YY
Puerto Rico YYYY YY
Rhode Island YYYY YY
South Carolina NNNN NN
South Dakota YNYN NN
Tennessee YYYY YY
Texas YYYNNY
Utah YYYY YY
Vermont YNYY YN
Virginia YYYY YY
.
475
TABULATION OF THE
BOILER A P V L
OF T U S A C
(continued)
L O
S O P C A S OP
S D W P PA P V
~AME& ADDRESS
4MERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING
15Eisenhower Drive
~mmm, NJ 07652 (201) 368-9100
CANADIANSTANDARDSASSOCIATION
178RexdaleBlvd. CSA
Rexdale,ONCanadaM9W 1R3
COMMERCIALUNIONINSURANCE COMPANY
OF AMERICA
1 Beacon Street
Boston, MA 02108 (617) 725-7304
L O
SPONSORING OR PUBLISHING CODES AND STANDARDSOR
SPECIFICATIONS DEALING WITH PIPING ANDPRESSURE VESSELS
N & AA D DM R EE S S A B B R E V I A T
U N D E R W R LI T
A EB R
O SR A T OI R I E SN, C .
3 PfmgstenRoad,Northbrook,
3 3IL60062 (708)272-8800 UL
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
2100 Second St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20593 (202) 267-2967
U N I B F OO A IR P M LR E
EN S R S U DR E
V E L S S SA O E C W LI E ST Y
3 N Evergreen
0 Rd., Suite 240 8 . UBPVLS
Louisville,KY40243 (502)244-6029
L O
S O P C A S OP
S D W P P A P V
NAME& ADDRESS ABBREVIATION
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY
401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460 USEPA
9. J.F. Harvey, Theory and Design of Modern Pressure Vessels 2nd Ed.
1974, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.
10. Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis (Collected Papers)
Volume I. Analysis, 1972, ASME.
11. Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis (Collected Papers)
Volume II. Components and Structural Dynamics, 1972, ASME.
12. Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis (Collected Papers)
Volume III. Materials and Fabrication, 1976, ASME.
13. W. Soedel, Vibrations of Shells and Plates, 1981, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
New York.
14. W. Flfigge, Stresses in Shells, 2nd Ed. 1973, Springer - Verlag, New
York.
15. R. Szilard, Theory and Analysis ofPlates, 1974, P r e n t i cI e - Hn a l l c ,
E n g C
l e lN
w io of d f J s , .
16. M. Hetdnyi, BeamsonElasticFoundation,1974,TheUniversityof Michigan
Press, Ann Arbor.
1 Foundation Design
7 Handbook
. (Collected 1968,Hydrocarbon
Processing,Houston,TX.
18. Design of Flarzgesfor Full Face Gaskets, Bulletin No. 45, Taylor Forge&
Pipe Works, Chicago,IL.
19. M. L. Betterley,Sheet Metal Drafting, 1961,McGraw-HillBook Co., Inc.,
New York
20, B. F. Forman:PressureVesselComputerPrograms,1995,PressureVessel
HandbookPublishing,Inc., Tulsa, OK.
21. M. H. Jawad & J. R. Farr, Structural Analysis and Design of Process
Equipment, 1984, John Wiley & Sons,New York.
22. Kohan, AnthonyLawrence,Pressure VesselSystems, 1987,McGraw-Hill
Book Company,New York,NY.
23. M Do eR s Pressure
n s n Vessel
. ,i Design
s Manual,
, 1987, Gulf Publishing
Co., Houston,TX.
481
S
COVERED BY THE WORK(S) LISTED UNDER LITERATURE
( n uT r m t theb w e fo der r hse wk at r( s l oi su ei b) n hj t eg c ht .e
B n y d l iSi n h nd e r gl i l c s af , l — Flange
e O C 1 4Design&Analysis,—8
B A
e n n o aSmooth,—6
dl ys s , i s fFlangedandFluedExpansion
Joints,—4
BoltedJoints,— 9 FlangesandClosures,—11,24
BrittleFracture,LowStress,—6 FlangeswithFullFaceGasket—21
Buckling,—6 FlatClosurePlate,—6, 24
ofFlatandCurvedPlates- Formulas, —3 FlatPlates- Formulas,—3
BucklingofShells,—6 Stressesin.,—9
CastIronPressureVessels,—9 FloatingHeads,StressAnalysisof,—4
CodesofVariousCountries,—24 Foundation Design,—20
Collapse,FatigueandIncremental, —6 Fracture,—6
Composite Materials,
—12 FractureMechanics,— 10
ComputerAnalysisofPressureVessels,—8 FracturePropertiesofMaterials,—12
ConcreteforPressureVessels,—12 Heads,StressAnalysisof—8, 11,24
Cone,ConicalSectionwhenHalfApex HeatExchangers, ShellandTube,—4, 24
AngleisGreaterthan30°,—7 HighTemperature Materials,—12
ConicalHeadsandReducers,—6 HubFlanges,Rotationof,—4
Corrosion,— 6 HydrogenEmbrittlement,—12
CorrosionResistantMaterials,—12 LegSupportforVerticalVessels,—4
Cracks,Development of,—6 LigamentStresses,Analysisof,—8
CreepEffects,— 8 LimitAnalysisandPlasticity,— 10
CylindricalShells,Analysisof,—6 LobedPressureVessels,— 9
DeadLoads,— 7 LocalLoading,StressAnalysiso~—8, 11
Deformations inPressureVessels,—3 LocalStressesinVessels,—7,23
DesignofFlanges,—4 LowStressBrittleFracture,— 6
Rectangular Tanks,—4 LowTemperature Materials,—12
TallStacks,— 4 LugSupportforVerticalVessels,— 4
TallTowers,—7 MaterialsforVessels,—6, 7,9,24
DiscontinuityStresses,—7, 9 MembraneStresses,— 7,9
Division2 ofASMECodeComparison MitredBends,Analysisof,—6, 8
to Division1,—4 ModularConstruction, —9
DynamicStability,—11 Non-BoltedClosures,—9
DynamicandTemperature Stress, Nozzles,—11,24
Formulas,—3 Nozzles,Intersection StressAnalysis,— 8
EarthquakeLoads,—7, 24 Nozzles,StressesinVesselsExertedby,— 15,
EconomicsofDesignandConstruction,—9 16,17
ElasticStability,—8 NozzleThermalSleeves,—9
PlatesandShells- Formulas,—3 ObliqueNozzles,— 6
ElasticStressAnalysis,— 6 PerforatedPlatesandShells,—11
ElevatedTemperature Effects,—10 PipeBends,StressAnalysiso~—8
EllipticalOpening,StressConcentration,
—9 PipeSegmentExpansionJoints,— 4
ExpansionJoints,FlangedandFlued,—4 PipeSupportsat Intervals- Formulas,—3
PipeSegment,—4 PipeLoads,— 7
ExternalLoads,—10,24 PipingSystems,StressAnalysisof,—6, 11
ExternalPressure;StressAnalysis,—8 Plasticity,—10
Fatigue,—9, 10,12 PlasticCollapse,— 6
Fatigueandincremental Collapse,—6 Plates,TheoryandAnalysisof,—18
Filament-Wound PressureVessels,—9 PrestressedConcreteVessels,—9
FlangeDesign,— 4 Rectangular Tanks,Designofi—4
S U B (J c E a Cz T
f hS u e d )
—T r e o m s h uo m rv a fate ael rc f i e a l — W e w l e d iq i
f a s r t o h otn rf l r o imai uc hy tocgdi oht nm i aew l o pe h en t r inef f onc t r ht hm i s
a n s o a ol t i ol ha gq ieo cu rod im ,bad i n, a tr i s o r n
t h e r e o f . T
e q u mi po mm en a np t e a t r o y f
Pressure— The pressureabovethe l o a aL I d n o il tn ow
n a gd o i hdn rg
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m a It t e d r e ai raf h le e b. mmc r oft ee vs ea e isd s n d y e s uf o a r d mc i a s t oa i hpo np
o ag t t ot “a dr ee h s coef “ asr m hs i ecn mrg a ” e ro m s f rtop - erv r ead m e ls af ons i rf e m ; na
i “ i u sn e dg s . s d e uf o ar r mc ea ot m ri h o ean o m i no
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a —T p r u e ih sd s e u
a m ti m n i pi n he nir mt mgih suioes cm i bk
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p fo w s e el od s i dn gr .
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o b m eo m b t e r f hs .
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t p e r rc h ee nd i tau a ca ge tp er i e o rnne c ne a nd -
t e l ao on t g bga t e i aeo n s r F
f t . oa S c —
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d i d ci f su t t l l ra oa an r i cohc t e t n m i e hoe f n f e
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t rw ri ecti t si a ptt h xey ch i a t ds o t et . l on n go t ih t teou cd neoi m ns eap lir e
s i t a b r o oe e m st eass h m unt mbeb
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of a weldedjoint is expressedas a numerical s a t t p r o peo hmos i r is neof tn e mt t rs
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s it a s r ot sa r wti e trin es ats l s hi a h r ins nt i ie tc s u na r w pf pa
l i m i t . m a r t a i e nt gl g
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T l s e t th wa r c h es iae s at u ls ts l e
T e f sf t erh e cs s t - ci a
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area of a fillet weld is
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m a (t e ( Cr U i oaW l - .d 1 e5 )
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t a o b p s t r o e e l a xstu asc tl um ee a r eb h e ddi es (i t t on ers i t s phc h -e oera i fcn da l i ) l, c n a
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f e a rr At r pi po c lm uli b cebs ahs t d .i a o n m oe i c yph era y on to pipt ec m ar tla oi t t eh e s r
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T a ht p eh r rit r r n o yche e it ep erea le e
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m e t a l . p e r co e n l t oea gtm et ces anhh tr f se ba
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p a o a sf s l a u g ie d f . t (u U rC Ge o - r d 9 . 9e )
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t f o g o r h a ag prb roh ue i mnaa otd f ae i r m
i ten acs b ,ta s e u r sad- i pd fa epl o n l lyr i y ce
c i c u as i ri tr s b e le os re fenvon i l o csn nu e gg h
a 7b 7a o C 5 sv ° -an tFe 8 b M, e 7 od 5e Q v ” l —eFD e .t e r om t i dn a toe i o hgn
r e s o ia ms t a ta bt n erc bre i ia makf pli v na oweg c ( s ta yU C,s lA eo -l l d 6 . 0e
u b n e t nd eda eitn nos lr g rin to, sl a ie od dh ns ; e
e na b e is m ro e rgba bb sy er u tde r a e sk d i h n y g e A
m a b ta s e bir i nl a gl o l yw e . p r o
f t d e too dehi sc c to nio tr io et n tnu ip t i
—Aw w ce h o n olt i s ns udu i ifer t efy a ran orc n oem fn eua nr t sr e
w a h n o in T p r co y dr i ophs cu oi es n .ct i
i b rb u o n sw k pe e l a s nd c e y e d s .
d e t be t c mt a heab cl t e r is h a reyo c s
— l c a s poha l usa l m t i, nn( sda t C i, o
U A - 6 0 )
—L o ( a lda tio r n a ego d r ss h
v af r o T i lr ooc t ua be h cds so i n. n s gie
i d e s a vi g e i n sni ontsn e ge e x r l t n
i a d i r e cl t i o n n psl .r ei s ml s u w op r oaee t , cvdi egts
s u p e r l i m ow p o aas e ei dda r st nnh ,q
— A n u mv e e ra x i pc l alr leul o s e eos cof- t a efa m dpe gl e r rc, aa tdt u
e a t r o ta sh t or adhires ein o vg fe( t e thU Ce Gfd o , - d2 2e )
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p m
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1
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g rw e o x efo t i vf e lr i en a j a ddot n o s cai m t l ns c el o tomo p , y< o (n e e t ndl t s h :e
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r ei b rd i t uT t t pl ce rn e ee o hsn t s c a. e
J — oA w i ej inl ow d tt ih e nid m wact st n het t sr or ie e a oaxt l t sct m het n
o v e r m l ap pe ap ai tn ggr a rr s t el h sa o et ce rk .
j ob m i o eanf iae l d n l y es tf ,
p o s lw le u l o dg rs t . —Ad o co wu mh
t m a m t ah en u r fr ai ec at et crul r oee r
L a mV i — ne A va s t h e e s ada s e vs ol t i e e xne l a mg isr n ae ott pit orf anse s ira, tr m
s w h i mh eu oi t a l o m c l ds h w e o sp e a qp r rf obua t r ebt i em r a a hse tps e edc irti fyb iie c ca
l a( y U C e A ro - s d 6. 0e ) r e p( o U C r t A eo -d .d 6 0e
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ss it bos l n
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o a c o mv p i el i oe s tp efesp dr to ea s t
L i —g T a s m e oe s c hn m t to a ii ta lo ee n rif ai df dae sl t io e g nm n p aTe rt prae tr dhui e r es
t s ou sh b hebe a t eed w eh j lt ae o rce l l e nb ne o tat s w .s e e aehl o kte dv em nues e t hs
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— P o 1 i v ln ip r c eoe hagec paer n 2r s i d
— A groupof welding
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T r o c a h ho u a tt p r
neeno ceng f s ei o i f l t me e s s r -u r e .
p r s e wst rs r ie it evus et spt e ones n ch s i t i o l— t He e tr a t 1 b i F no0 g
c o m ps r fet ts csr i o v anoeo u dh i ni nti i aa r o ex t n b ci ar otf lie hmt v p ai e cecr a oaett ulon r
s wt t ir p rte o phsloh r i Fsti imno mn eao il ro stt e om . t pi r se ,ora aPt t r umioiri o ev i l rf s
b n a m a u t t o e ml r oi o atedhltl sula , sl tmu ie i csn ioa tr f m yf acd l o i n zc eti o ron an oga o l ll
i t s f t a h e a nc m o o s ms epi nFre eo rs ns s i o dorln . b o w a wt rtc he uo i epr o hre ,lo tli no
n o n i sm o at rts o e pa riw cui ai oi l c s o t t hd u s i ea, h ns tn sr e ea el mi nd g s .
n e ct d e i s s stb ia en rt g tymu w i ooso eh hd e un l e i f
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c o no p d s i twu hi t io p enr t o p ah fohe r i trs i no li n ear ol eo ntq f ua ra i aal nr c deo t dt u
l i m i t . s p et , c oi rmt mi e gin h cin nior eam
s e ac t ir o ne a al .
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T m o o ih m n o e e n tre d tt e ti t f ee a r ofmfa s i hf un no ee r o fc e t a
a a w r r e it as e pt n e a ch t o n
axis is the sum of the —T p r a et h ts s u
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u
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i a b t r square of eitsh
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distance from the axis. k a a s e u l i b pt e t a es bvt eol t t eteh o t
The Moment of Inertia (I) p r r e e s dl s i e tue p vvr r ieit ne cf ghv e e
for thin walled cylinder q o u p ( ee U n C in A n o t-g d. 6 0e
about its transverse axis; 1 = n r’t
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t = wall thickness
— T
t e m pt e w r a b ht mu iar ie a in tlt a t i
N V
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a d l l ve a e m o t e p o tt v a ha b e c lrhseo fn es is t i
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d T it a spp h pe ko re f i. rig ne mr i gn ai Utdn sua G Ua e G-- ( -n U2 C2 A03 o -)d d. 6
t o t oi p e oh n i nn f g e .
or s c o ma ole iact h n ca g
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a g s i e on a m cv t ese i uymt onb b b n je e feb rn sc f ttd a ooeo -sr e i nt olie n geus lt mi a g
i i i t nl f ogib ht ri n n; m t et sorehe s e e d c 1 t iy0 Coe n0h 0ri on”f m cs F r i c r.eu eaa ms sl i es
t n es uuha t tr sr f e aaenc l ch t ei o do nec . a s r t D bee ceo rof le xn a si s d.i
r e s mi s a at u a s snkt tc e ase en i iu t nts ile
— T l o n g s ih t uuo d r i nf es a alu f ci o t e p a eftb ore lma pet ea i r nar bt g u
z f s e i i t a mb rr es ee um ot sb rb b s j e e n e 1 rn c 5 t d0 o0 - ” F .
— T n u o whm e pb l ede rc ri o nno of u dg ni a t- iu i fno l nioo nna r g xfi m t i
c e d u r Te - c g l ra os us hopi f.m i ca a tt i e o s nr iwt a t irl fp s rte o phsloh r i sti i nom n ea il
b o ah a r s d e c nhe aa br iad alc it tnte yr i s t n i ch d e
p u o g r r p iot or u s pte nei d nuo f ug hm c sbo e —e Ge rp o fo vca ik om e eits
w p r oe c( e dSl Cu erI eodc s .t d i X eo ( nU C )A o - d6 0e )
A c as mrl t a bl t e oiei tl renCs i tla ohl e dd n e e — H eav a et
( t w e x cio Seh tpA a t c- hi l 6oea a ns1 r s 2 it f fa) si uee fd t f e i msc p it e er ro nae tt ul r i
P 1 - N o . . r e ss t i wrd eua h s ta srli e eor sc h s
m e c t h r a ena ai w ct eam ll en d n it n
—T w m deh ee pb tloo ps ea i d t rPl ne rd veo esya e sps - u s ar beneph lr o sas t t
g r a e t s l a s o iao w ox h nn e i g l e hsd tf r. e e a at e dt :
W t hv e a esht cs noe rl nle e st
s u b s( t aU Cn c Weo s , - d 2e
— T p r oo sh pu es a t r a te i U yn i pn Sn f fg B t i o( r- e i Ue l a dW e m-r s2
p r e( cv t i ti a e s bp i l e bye rh dl m e aee n oP f ee r)no v et resa pss- us s a ruetn de brl f i js t er d
m w
a i tr t ui Thp ot to i nauu eurh t e l .rsi w se t me t hshno iod wc he k je ng eonle xsedi s c
t d et p n r ooo y h p it oeoe fe r l l t ed oy i 5 wn i f (gi nU r / g W
n - 82 . )
u s n lt d eo ea a d r d y . W t ch a( ehrP 1 s b- nm otN ea ntoe
t h ie c x 1M k icn a we s ece s o nd nl ns de c
Plug Valve— One with a short sectionof a a a t t a (nc C h mTse nU o dat seCf db S
coneor taperedplug throughwhicha holeis e x c e p t i o n s ) .
cut so that fluid can flow through when the
holelinesu w t i ia no hubt l w t n p elh heeu t t d e—, H ta n pet b p t la pna i ert
t p i r l oh9 tf uia b0 tl el geo ° s cdo k t , ew w d eso . pl e d r a i t ni o gn s .
—Av w a r h el l i
—Aw mi e a c a i hl r d c doup elr banel rsea s s eyp u el or ca eiinr f e dim c e n
i mo e o an ml b un e e ra r pte n f t ooop up r ec r nom r nan dat ioi tl
j To h i m o nomh t al . ae e y r y
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s u o t r o f m at hc he e e f me r -
b w ih e ix p c ro hs e s d — L o n g i t u
t h t rh oT ohu h g l ohh e e l . e( me e r Si s d i to n ra l
+ m o m n ab f a i o yl r ly et eC di r c u m f( e r heS n t oi a
c o m wp wl em i t eee l tyt l a h l d s . t r e s
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—T r o t a d h eto a n h i s e oi tf e y ( df i a sp h f t r v a r g m e
m a t t t e d r e io nsha lss oti oa t e n ym d af e r d
s h eaa f v ilo i g n
m a t s e a r wui a a al a c ,s t p eh e c s i rS f i t e dr e v o l u t i o
t e m p fe er a x t 4ua roome6 , po (0l° e r ° , f R F+
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w f h iu l i si t am csi ai ohmdt ni era rs d e l e oc lt al y
b e t te lw et e ch eti r n op de es . —At h fr ae wsa itda hete ndh e e
w t h i o ro eet o a b dnhe ns o n n
– ( E S l t aa T bs i t l i t i chth yf r )l e e a(ue nd U Ceg l Ad t o -h l d 6.
s t o r a v e t enr gbs e t u s ohs cw eki fr l l si i o nnt gk l r -
i d t a c nox um psi r teTg as ser s oti el v a esh b s i . l ie - — A a w e lr
t o a v ie s es a v s f e byf erof e oe l c l st y eu d p r w o h c c
y t f e
o ea r l is e p e s s rci eob n n d c eu
r o u n d n e s s . h e w a a a t io ia b
n t reg r a bt h w cn a
m e el eo e tc l t e aar c to t wldr oTe odn he r
w e i s l h d b i a ibe n l o gdga re n sa d kn
— T f w u m s a o it t o ew b r lP oi re hai enr l s skn
l o ii n t n e rf mewi t etisl ea tl nf l td ei u net a ~f s m in ie onlee b l f t dt ae eda ir r n l l
o l j oi w ai t hin n rcti por h,ec m n eht n eat r s s o o mff ne d at s uir epm p dle eo sm e
U ( G
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3 T “ n to h m i ici t knt .nhae e i l s chs
—Aw m t eh ap lo o aad dsrl ee a tolc d oe ms cm faet rvec aai d aai ls lls yb nl
w e il p d m
ra l e o i nu g ptt n nf em n e rit n ph t nit tl mla a i en ul fhei amc ted u r oxt e e r a;c
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—Aw je a lt o j d u i oen hnc d t ti — to e u n F n fWi d l e el l er
t partslocatedapproximately
w at rightangles
o
to eachotherin the form of a T. — F p t l m oa a pt x h ie r
m i u sn d s e ri t i otb l sel r m ae v n caohe a l
— T m a sxh ait 0 i
m r ue e m s o . t s dn0 te h 1hsi ( c. i kr Cn g
m a s t u e bt r aj si e t ac r tle etc cd oh i on aagU G - d 1 n 6 )
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b e t a el r n oi s n ia g l d e . c o m wm t e hr acim ic t a k bll un hea ssl s
—T t p r t r it v ohai es vuhls a io es t l U
tae e b — l s en iM vP e o ri pl s a al l l
f t d pe or hs e s i s gru e r n e . r to w l b iv l e rde r a twdot ia ot chl e a y
S H y d rt eo P s ent ae t t su ei mce t a t s ,it ch t ib hc . ok r nr i e z o so snl t aly l s
(UT)—a nondestruc-
— T r e q u ihf r d e m e e n eott s e r r -
tivemeansfor locatingand identifyinginternal
m ti t np r i ebhe n os ac sgs a lus ce rut lee discontinuitis
a t id o nnby sdetectingthe reflectionsthey
a o u i t U r l G i f - nt 9 he e9y d d( o r Chno )sproduceof
t a r t aeibeam c of ultrasonicvibrations
t a i U e G -nf s 1t 0p 0n t (edot buhn )me (CodeUA-60)a t rs ie c t .
T b f ca ah l s t c opu i rl eiaees t s eri ssd ut r th e e n r
o t p ha r iae t g h r s ai p pf ege h r shm i e s ss ei tb l e
i n p t r e a e dr se n ts aeb utrl drm ei e n ehss d i — Agy g e n rm oie t o l b n vt eea
f o r f me ue l l a oao te s v ,mc ue e r hssnh m ts i a e d
ef en l t j t t ta g o caa w e a h ln lo e
ut eon
f bi w m l ele et l da y ld .
n o t hm i ci w k nc n oea i sra l srl e lo ts o s wi aoh n n c e s
i n ac u l tu sa d nl eil s doh vntw daar gb lele e u s — U e s t s esn ni t t se i r il a lot h
f t t e m opo het rt a ( t eur U reCh e sA o -tt f dpe 6 u. i l0e e )un eonc o gm ni npst rr hietti s ; s r
t s h o p r hu t l e ne uni e snne gsg nih t r eh
— T d e v e ohl c o p y m ei cetn ct l hi i a fha c( n rn ab gsd e it e lt a nw
t h g e r arp drm io haed c nlu ttciy s i chn gl g l oe iri h i ra gcrn i a- n ie atn e l gslog y ahtl teh
m s t a r s aeu bs ls sn ec e qlo r su ao e c dcn t k a i nl g f
m a t e r i a l . —T a mo s ho p t u u or n een
a r e a .
— A s e l f - bs a l pta n cr i rVessel n eg — As o s -
d bu a n c o n eu d ni dis tf roy i r b mu t i o n f
t e m p o e b r d a it uft r f he ec er o i r r neym g f a f l i -
c io e e x pn aT nt hs si e o trifn .mr ae l s s s
d e v i ae s l b o o w p ehol daev ni done dvl ye u r m e
o m a i pt r e e fr v ai e sarnf tsl t s ue os m d ii h m n gz e e
a s t h i n n aho sr p madhu ae oa ln t lu t yd l ed r
c hi t e a m pn e r g a t eu r en . — A t e c o hd en pi woq s u i e
m i we t hte l iaei o ch s clt c fr ni ho l dl er
s t s i i dd ee o .
1 T “ r e t hqh ui ici t kr . cen edh s o s ’ a m s t -
p b ut f ot ir t ehmD ui dh vbl y ia ee s si i f o n—onsA l , ro cc e oa a l l oi em zs pce ee d n
c o ra rl ol i sao iw ( odaU nn G dsc e- e 2ed s 2d b uf )e .w uc o swe i ii u d too ft yh n i o s
2 T “ d t he h i si ct kis n.og eet ns h s u m’ hae s we t mo af ein l ,t d h
r e t q h u ia i ct rck oen raden rhls ols os iwd oae nn c e
—T mr ee hfs tut fl r at ei f lnho ugu o i t m rgs ew - me e h l a, d d i n e n s
s o t bi m aao het f tsm
n i nf aeehl e t ll t adea hewl r eop. lr r sodw c iheet neesc sgr le e sh
t d r n f oo u t ddr oee n pem i oh s es t i ht t
—T m j e o hp i t r u n oia i ec s nl e g s e s d n
m aw ke il nd gs . W r I o — I u r g ert h aopf t ilso nna t esn
r
I t c o n s oth vr u etc tws in oeespn leh dl ri fai ps nu oe f dg u d I -ri l c nhi a anrn abcg ct te e .r i
c ae r es s bs t t r r Ce i (c s t Uo heea W d d- p y 2re oe7a s) 3 peb c ns o ocs iee eru rl fe nt g u
f o l l o w s : m w i p ix i a u ae r t 0 bdrp noc h o e . enu
1 S h mi ea e ls ud rt be a .mdag ec r r l gc e, aa dc r b , os n .
m a eg t rut a n paagc lasr l at a , e tsrcs n o m c,m a i , c so
—T l a htww rs e h et s e i rs
h y m d ra eo gx rgt e wy n aef ce l u la d le ,i i l nne gcws rc, i ei tan- ishcs e ro tFs e usr a t e s o seo
t r a o e s l lb e an c e g t , r a od m n p . u i r i i p m o pt s do ei r s stbt ai e nnt sgt t u
2 P r we se p srl ou df c r i.ei l e s n nsa ge dtss upper : uh y c , ph i - w o e i i th esln i at td chr ,
t r ei s pi o s r t t ean hns ace s, pe r u, r mre nies w t s t, uhs trd r iee sdh s c -i sf at hbr agi ei nr c r a
g a s . h o r ia z t o l n yt oan p lhi , wo ei i hed eln
—T m a t d eh e r it a a t l sies ol, m el hdea o aw hclw aeo nmst en ost r t sr
m e a tp hr u
ai o ncn d it v t is po c l red v so he d d u w n t h
nc e -m
d c i ee o h nct rt dt ihe a n fe u l
t o awi je ol di n en f dt . O a f mn a e
t l
e e xa tr hyi y api r w
li b os ie u
f s m ao ott t e m ir s i eo rah meul e sr t is
R —F mi o i el w otl r daei lra sr o, y n n oew n yr yd smi ito ru s eset n l g h t
IN: E
Abbreviations ...........................:.........466 Checklist for inspectors...................255
Abrasion
.............................................483 Checkvalves..................................... 367
Absolutepressure..............................483 Definition..................................... 484
Accessopening,ticknessof.....,........, 140 Chemicalplant piping.......................
Allowableloadonsaddle..................110 Chemicalresistance
Allowablepressure ........................ 18-25 of gaskets..................................... 224
Allowablepressure, flanges................28 Metals........................................... 224
Allowablestressesfor paints........................................... 253
non-pressureparts ........................ 4 4 9
Chipping............................................ 484
A l l oo pw ab nl e c . .ena. s. .d . t . i.Circles,circumferences
. f .ne. . g. 2 3 6
A ..................................................
l l o y 4 8 of, ................................
and areas 3 300
A nb d c e........................
oh s o l i r7 g t7C n i -divisionof..
r c 8 4
l..........................
e s ,
Anglejoint .........................................483 Segments of ................................ 290
Anglevalves ......................................366 Circularplate, weightof... ................ 404
definition ......................................483 Circumferencesand areas
Annealing...........................................483 of c e 300 s
i ......................................
r c l
API 650 tanks ....................................204 Circumferentialstress ......................... 14
API 12Ftanks....................................203 Clad vessel........................................ 484
Appurtenances, Coderules relatedto
Preferredlocations.......................241 Services......................................, 181
Arc welding .......................................483 Thicknesses.................................
Area of circles....................................300 Codes ................................................. 470
Planes............................................ 258 Combinationof stresses...................... 69
Area of surface, Combustibleliquids.......................... 184
Cylindricalshell head...................425 Commonerrors
ASMEflangedand dished Detailingvessels..........................
head, allowablepressure.......... 20-24 Completefusion................................ 484
Dimensionof m....., ......................... 335 Cone,allowablepressure,
Externalpressure............................34 Internal.................................... 20,24
Internalpressure....................... 20-24 Externalpressure........................... 36
Automaticwelding ...........,.,...........,..483 Frustrumof...,.......................,......276
To cylinderreinforcement........... 159
Backing..............................................483
Wallthicknessfor
Base ring design ............................ 79-83
Beamformulas...................................455 internalpressure.................20,
Bend allowances Conicalsection,
Allowablepressure..................20, 2
of Steelphltc .................................236
E x p t r e ....................
e r s n s....... a u3l r e
Bendingof pipe and tube ..................234
W t h a i .........................
c k l n 2e 2l s s 0
Ilcnt pipe ............................................ 280 C o n s to rV u Cc t S i oS n C I S f ,
B ao p ir el n s e s ru rd e
,‘ p a c i ................................
f i c a t i o 13n 9
v le ....................................
s a s e w 4l s 7 4
C o n to r a c t i o n f
Boltedconnections............................463 H o r vi z e .........................
o sn t s a e9l l s
Bolts,weightof ................................. 4 C
1
o n ,vd e e r cs i i o mn a
2
l s
B rf ri ...................................
a t c t t l u e r4 e 8 3
o a degree................................... 443
f
B r i t..........................................
t l e n e s s 4 8 3
Degreesto radains....................... 441
B u ............................................
s h i n g . . 4 8 3
Factors......................................... 446
B Weld...........................................483
u t t
Gallonsto liters ........................... 439
Capacitiesof fabrication....................232 Inchesto millimeters...................431
Carbonsteel, propertiesof ................186 Kilogramsto pounds...................438
Centerof gravity................................452 Litersto gallons........................... 439
Centigrade,conversion Millimetersto inches...................433
to Fahrenheit..................................444 Poundsper sq. in, to kilo-
Ccntroidof an area ............................484 gramsper sq. centimeter......,. 440
Chain intermittent Poundsto kilograms.................... 438
IiIlcl Weld ...................................... 484 Radiansto degrees ...................... 442
Sq. feet tosq. meters ..1................437 Eccentricity........................................485
Sq. meterstosq. feet ..............,....437 Efficiencyof weldedjoint .................485
Cornerjoint ....................................... 484 Elastic ................................................485
Corrosion...................................215,484 Elasticlimit........................................485
Fatigue ......................................... 484 Elasticstability ....................................67
Corrosionresistantmatcrinls........,....2 Illcctroslagwelding...........................485
2 2
Creep.................................................. 484 Ellipsoidalhead allowable
Couplings.......................................... 468 pressure .................................... 18, 22
Definition..;.................................. 484 area of surface..............................425
Lengthof............................,,138, 139 dimensionsof ...............................335
Weightof ..................................... 413 externalpressure ............................34
Wchling........................................ 361 locatingpoint on ..........................293
Cylinders,. partialvolumeof... .......................
partialvolumeof..............,...418,421 wall thicknesst’or
Cylindricalshell allowable internalpressure..................18$22
Pressure.................................... 18,22 Endurancelimit,..................................485
Area of surface............................. 425 Engagementof pipe...........................235
Externalpressure........................... 32 Erosion...............................................485
Thicknessfor internal Examinationof weldedjoints ............177
pressure............................... 18,22 Expansionjoint ..................................485
W ..........................................
e i g h 3t of horizontalvessels
7 ......................99
5
of metals....................................... 191
D a ms a ................................
t g ri ne g 4s s
Extensionof8 openings.......................
4 128
Davit .................................................. 312 Externalpressure .................................31
D e oc a degree, i m a l s f charts ........................................ 42-47
conversion.................................... 443 stiffeningring .................................40
Decimalsof an inch........................... 426
Decimalsof a foot ............................. 426 Fabricatingcapacities........................232
Definitions......................................... 483 Fabricationtolerances........................200
Deflection............................................ 68 Factors,conversion............................446
Deformation,strain ........................... 484 Factorof safety ..................................485
Degreesto radians,conversion.........441 Fahrenheit,conversionto
Descriptionof materials.................... 192 centigrade.....................................444
Designpressure,definition...............484 Fatigue...............................................485
internal........................................... 15 Fiber stress.........................................485
external .......................................... 31 Filler metal.........................................486
Designspecification.......................... 195 Fillet weld ..........................................486
steel structures............................. 447 Fittings....................................... 126-127
tcmpcraturc.................................. 484 welding.........................................361
tall towers ....................................... 52 dimensions...................................361
weldedjoints ........................ 1 448 7 weight...........................................390
4 ,
D e tofpressure
a i vessels
l i .............
n g 240 Flammableliquids............................. 184
Dimensionsofheads......................... 335 Flangedand dished head,
pipe............................................... 330 allowablepressure....................20, 24
Discontinuity.............................484,485 area of surface..............................425
Divisionof circles ............................. 289 dimensionsof ...............................335
Doubleweldedbuttjoint ...................485 externalpressure ............................34
lapjoint ........................................ 485 thicknessfor internal
Drop at intersectionof nozzle pressure...............................
and shell ....................................... 291 Flangedfittings,prcssure-
Ductility.............................................485 temperaturerating ..........................28
Flrmgc
Earthquake........................................... 61 dimensions,...................,..,......,....341
map,of seismiczones.................... 64 pressure-temperaturerating ...........28
Eccentric ......................
weightof ......................................395
Eccentricload...................................... 66
F h
w l t e h aia ......................
ca k l t n 2d e ls o scylinderand plane................... 6 2S1
f
F r
ou c s o tn crc e.u . n. m .o t. . r . .i f. ncof
. .cylinderand
. . . 2e 7 sphere.................
6 2S6
e c cc e ..............................
n ot r i n2c e nozzleand
of 7 shell,drop 9............. 291
F g p u i..................................
ape i l n2 s gIsotropic..................................,.......4.
0 8 487
F f wiu ...................................
l el l el l 4 t Joint d !efllciencies.......................
3 6 172, 174
definition..................................... 487
Gage .....................................
Joint penetration............................... 487
Gallonsto Junctionof cone to cylinder............. 159
........................................ Killedsteel ........................................ 487
.................... Kilogramto pounds,conversion...... 438
welding .......................................486
Gaskets,chemicalresistanceof......... Ladder .............................................. 315
Gate valve ..........................................486 Laminatedvessel............................... 487
dimensions...................................365 Lapjoint ............................................ 487
Generalspecifications.......................243 Laws,boilerand pressurevessel ...... 474
Geometricalconstructions.................268 Layeror laminatedvessel ................. 4S7
f o .......................................
r m u l a 2s Leg support5 .......................................
8 102
p r .......................................
o b l e m 2s dimensions...................................
6 8 108
G s i f hu 1 ml Lengthof
oer ..............................
r t m a a arcs ...................................
6 297
G v l ........................................
ao l b v e 4 e Lengthof pipeand
8 coupling 6
d i m e...................................
n s i o n 366 s for openings......................... 13S, 139
G i r t i....................................
a z a p t i h o4 n of stud bolts.................................
s 6 237
G rw .......................................
o eo v l e 4 dLethalsubstances..............................
s 6 487
Liflingattachments........................... 119
Ileads .................................................334 Liflinglug ......................................... 118
definition.....................................,486 Ligament........................................... 487
volumeof .....................................416 Linedvessel ...................................... 487
weightof ......................................375 Liquidpenetrantexamination........... 487
Heat treatment....................................486 Liquidpetroleumpiping...................210
1Hemispherical head, allowable Literature ........................................... 479
pressure.................................... 18,22 Liters to gallons, conversion ............ 439
area of surface.............................. 425 Loadings ...................................... 1 3 , 4 8 7
dimensionsof ...............................335 L o pointson c a t i n g
externalpressure ............................34 ellipsoidalheads.......................... 293
wall thicknessf o Locationsof r vesselcomponents....... 241
i n p t r e . e. r . .s n. . s1. a .2 u. l. Longweldingneck............................
.r . . e. 8. . . . , 2 34I
I { i gs h ..................................
- t a l l e o y 4e l
Longitudinal 8 stress..............................
6 14
1Iingc,......+........,..........,.......,.....,....4 ,..314 [,OW-dk)y S(CC] .................................. 487
flydrogenbrittleness..........................486 properties of ................................ 187
I[ydroslatictest ..................................486 L temperature operations o w 185
.............
Hydrostatictest presssure.................... 1S Lug,lifting ...,,,.,,.,..,,,.,...................,,, 118
1hydrostatictest pressure Lugsuppport..................................... 109
for flanges ......................................28
Magneticparticleexamination......... 487
Impact stress ...................................... 486
Malleableiron ................................... 487
test ................................................ 486 Materials,descriptionof..................,.192
Inchesto millimeters, propertiesof ................................ 186
conversion.................................... 4 3 1
test report..................................... 487
I n s op e p c............................
et i n o in 1 n g of foreigncountries.....................
2 3 194
l n s pc c h c e...........................
t oc r k ’ l s 2i s Maximum t 5
allowablepressure, 5
I n s uw l aoe t .......................
i i fo ng , .4 h . tflanges.1...........................................
4 28
I n t e w r m................................
i t et e n t l 4 dfor pipes.......................................
8 7 142
I n p t r e ............................
e r s n s a u 1l r1 e stress5.............................................. , 8 13
I n t e or cs e c t o i o n n f e
stress values........... 16, 189$190,487
and cylindcr .................................. 28S workingpressure................... Is, 487
...........................
Measures ............................................ 321 wall t
h i f c k n eo s s r
Measurement, metric system of... ...... 427 i
n p t r e ......................
e r s n s a1 u l r e 4
Membrane stress ................................ 488 w oe ......................................
i g h 3t f 9
Metal arc welding .............................. 488P f i si t y ...........................
t pm i b n eo 3 g l s 6
Metals, chemical resistance of... ....... 224 P ci .......................................
po i d n eg 2 s 0
Metric System of measurement .........427 P l a ............................................
s t i c i t y 4 8
P
Mist extractor .................................... 316 b l e a nal l d o. t . iw . . . a.ne. n. . g.c. . e. . s. . . . 2 3 7
Mitered pipe ...................................... 2
P o ul 8 n t a eh i qt c0 uk en a ef ls s ,
M i l lt i m n e tc e hr s e s ow , e o ....................................
l d i n 1g f 7
c o n ..................................
v e r s i o 4n P t .hl 3 i rca ke tnlt. 3e a s et s ,i o n o
M i t n h i oi m c u k mn s s r a df i oe gx r a a mp. i.h .ni . ac. .t . i . o. . n. . . . 3
s ah h e ...........................
e l n al 1 s d Pd sl w 8a oe ................................
t i e g2s ,h 4 t f 0
M o e ld a . u.s . .t . l .i .1 .c i. 4.i . .t f.P8y. . l. . ..............................................
a7. 8 t f o, 8r m 3 1
M o o rd i u ...........................
g l i u d s 4i t Pf y v 8..........................................
l a lu 8 v g 4 e 8
M t 4 i Plug
oo i m n..............................
ee nr f a weld .........................:.................
8 8 489
Pneumatictest................................... 489
Nameplate......................................... 317 P
o ir s ....................................
sa o nt ’ si 4 o 8
Needle valve...................................... 488 P
o ..............................................
r o s i t y 4 8
Neutralaxis........................................ 488 P
w h o t e r ees....................
al t a tm4 d e nt t 8
Surface......................................... 488 P oper sq.uinch ton d s
Nipple ................................................ 488 kilogramp s e q r .
Non-pressurewelding....................... 488 c e n tc i o m n e .v .t . e.e . r.r . s., . i. . o. . .n . . . 4 4 0
Normalizing....................................... 488 P ot k ui l cn o o gdn .rv s. ae . rm. os ., i . o, n. 4
strength ........................................ 488 P po ci w.............................
p oei nr 2d g e 0
test ................................................ 488
P r el fo eco rva r t ee i dos n s s e f l
Nozzledetails.................................... 244 c o m p..................................
o n e n t 2s 4
Nozzle loadings................................. 153 P po ci w.............................
p o ei nr 2d g e 0
Nozzleneck thickness...............122, 140 P r el fo eco rva r t ee i dos n s s e f l
Nozzleweightof ............................... 413 c o m p..................................
o n e n t 2s 4
Openings............................................ 122 P r e ..........................................
h e a t i n g 4 8
detailingof ................................... 244 P r o e f s ...................................
sl u ur e i2 f d
extensionof.................................. 128 P r e s s u r e - T e m r
p e r a a
. t u
. r
. e. t . . . i . . . n. . . .g . 2
reinforcementof..,................. 129-137 P r v e s
...................................
e s s u r
s e 4
e l 8
weightof ...................................... 413 d e ........................................
t a i l i n 2g 3
weldingof .................................... 244 l a w
............................................... 4s 7
Operatingpressure....................... 15,488 P r r e vse s ..........................
la u i
r l e e4 v f e 8
temperature.................................. 488 P r welding................................489
e s s u r e
optimum vesselsize.......................... 272 Primarystress.........................,,.!,...,,,.489
Organizations..................................... 476 Propertiesof pipe............................... 3 2
Oxidation........................................... 488 o s e ....................................
c t i o n4 f s 5
s t as i......................
n t l e , . s e 1s. , ,l . 9,
P-number........................................... 489 o s ...................................
t e e .1 f l. . . 9 .
Packing,weightof ............................. 414 o t .........................................
u b e 332
f s
Paintingof steel structures................247
Partial v oo c l y lu, . i . m .n . d. e. Qe4 1r f8uas, 4n e2 n1..............................
ne a c l ih 4 n g 9
h e a d
............................................ 4s R a to 2degrees,conversion.........442
d i a 2n s
s p...........................................
h e r 4e 2 2
Radiographing...................................490
P a s s 4
.................................................... 8
Radiusof gyration 9
.............................490
P e t refinerypiping
r o l e.................208 u m Radiographicexamination.................174
P b ei ..............................
n dp i 2 n e 3 g 4 relationto , 2 platethickness..............30
8 0
d i m oe ...............................
n s i o n 3s f 3 0
Randomlength...................................490
e n g a..................................
g e m e n 2t Reactionof 3 5
............................. 1 5
l eo f on p e ng i n got1s , .1h. . . R 3. f. e.r . c, t38t a n..............................
ag ,u l9n a r 2 k s 1
m i ,....0..,.,..............................
t e r e 2d R e f 8..........................................
r a c t o0 r y 4 9
p r o o p.................................
e r t i e 3s f 2 2
R e f r i pg e ri. . .a. . t.p. i. . .o. . in. . . . : .n. . . . .w.g. . 2thicknessfor
I( a internal l l
R c i n f o Cr c ct m c co yn t...... l, 1 in n dpressure
e eS o ..............................
r $ 18,22
R e i n o f o o pr c...........
e i nn 1 gi 1 n Spot 2g f welding.....................................
s 39 , 7 491
R e wq t u h i ai r c e k l d n e Squarefeet ls s to squaremeters,
for internalpressure................. 18-2; conversion................................... 437
Residualstress ................................... 49( Squaremetersto squarefeet,
Resistance welding ............................ 49Q conversion................................... 437
Right triangles, solution of... ............. 27(! Stabilityof vessels............................ 491
Ringjoint flanges ...............................356 Staggeredintermittent
Ringsmadeof sectors........................ 274 filletweld..................................... 491
Rootof weld ......................................490 Stainlesssteel, propertiesof...., ....... 190
Stair ................................................... 313
Saddledesign....................................... 98 Standards........................................... 47o
dimension..................................... I Statichead ........................................... 29
Scale...................................................49a
definition..................................... 491
Scarf ...................................................49(I Steelstructures,designof................. 447
Scheduleof openings ........................245
Stiffeningring, externalpressure .......40
Screwedcouplings.............................368
construction................................... 48
Seal weld............................................49o Strain ................................................. 491
Seamlessheadjoint efficiency..........176 Stressand strain formula;.................448
vesselsection ............................... 176
Stress,definition............................... 491
Secondarystress ................................ @O
Stressvaluesof materials.................. 189
Section modulus ................................ 49o
Stresses,combinationof... .................. 69
Sections, properties of ....................... 450
in cylindricalshell......................... 14
Segments of circles ............................ 290
in largehorizontalvessels
Seismicload.........................................61
supportedby saddles................86
map of seismiczones ..................... 64
in pressurevessels................. 13,491
Services,Code rules .......................... 181 Structures,designof ......................... 447
Shapeof openings ............................. 122
Structuralmembers,weldingof...,.... 458
Shearstress ........................................49o
Stud ................................................... 491
Sheet steel, weight.,...........................399
Shell, definition.................................49o Studbolts, lengthof.......................... 237
volumeof .....................................416 Studdingoutlets ................................ 357
Subjectscoveredby literature.......... 481
weightsof ..................................... 375
Submergedarc welding .................... 49]
Shieldedmetalarc welding ...............49o Supportof vessels,leg ...................... 102
Single-weldedbuttjoint ....................49o
................................................ 109
lapjoint ........................................490
.............................................
Size of openings................................ 122 checkwdvcs........................... 367
vessel............................................ 272 ~ymbolsfor pipe fittings.................. 369
weld .............................................. 49o
Shop weldedtanks............................. 203 I’ackweld .......................................... 492
Skirt design..................,.,,.,,...,.,..,,,..,,,. 76 rail towers,design.............................. 52
openings.......................................319 ranks, rectangular............................. 212
Slag .................................................... 491 ranks, shop welded........................... 2 0
Slendernessratio................................ 491 for oil storage .............................. 204
Slot weld ............................................491 ree joint ............................................ 492
Solutionof right triangles .................270 temperature,conversion
Specificgravities...............................415 centigradeto Fahrenheit.............. 444
Specificgravitydefinition.................491 rensile strength................................. 492
Specificationfor design stress ............................................ 492
of vessels...................................... 195 rest .................................................... 492
Specifications.....................................470 rest pressure ..................................... 492
Sphere,allowablepressure............18, 22 rest pressure,external........................ 31
externri! pressure ............................ 34 rhermalexpansionof metals............ 191
partial volIImc of .......................... 412 [’hcrnmlfa[iguc................................. 492
rhermalstress ........,..............+........... 492
Thicknessof VCSSCI wall,’ for pipes ....................................... 148
definition......................................492 Weaving............................................. 482
code rules related t ..................... 1 8o 2 321,374
Weights.....................................
for full vacuum...............................49 bolts..............................................412
charts .,.,,,..,,,...,,,,,..................... 49-51 c i pr ...............................
cl u a l ta 4r e s
for internalpressure................. 18-27 couplings......................................413
for nozzleneck............................. 140 flanges..........................................395
of pipe wall .................................. 148 galvanizedsheet ...........................399
Threadedand weldedfittings............126 insulation......................................414
Throat.................................................492 nozzles..........................................413
Tolerances,definition........................492 openings.......................................413
Tolcranccsof fabrication...................200 packing.........................................414
Topicscoveredby literature..............481 pipes and fittings
Transitionpieces........................ 287-288 plates ............................................400
Transportationof vessels...................246 sheetsteel .....................................399
Tube, bendingof..,.............,............... 234 shells and heads ...........................375
propertiesof .................................332 vessels ............................................59
Typesof w e l
....................... d e dWeld,definition.................................492
metal.............................................493
U. M. plate .........................................492
sizes f o p ................ e on 1i n1 g r2 s 24
Ultrasonicexamination......................492 W je c l oa dt .....................
ei eg ond r1 i t e s 7
Undercut............................................ 492 designof ....................................... 174
Unequalplatethickness examination.................................. 177
weldingof .................................... 178
locations....................................... 174
Unit strain ..........................................492 Weldedsteel tanks.............................204
stress.............................................492 Welding,definition............................493
V~]VCS . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JtjS fittings ..........................................361
Vessel,definition............................... 492 of nozzles .....................................244
Vessel,components, procedure...;..................................493
preferredlocations.......................241 of pressurevessels ...................... 170
Vibration..............................................60 rod ................................................493
Volumeof cylinders, symbols........................................ 179
partial ....,..........,...................418,421 Wind load ............................................52
of shells and heads.......................416 Windspeed map ............................54,57
of solids........................................ 264 Workingtcmpc.mturc.........................488
Vortex breaker...................................320 Wroughtiron......................................493
Wallthicknessfor internal Yield ........................................ 493
pressure.................................... 18-27