GGM
Geta Celta Magne
Spt Ve Na 0 pe 2230
‘A Geochemical Proxy for Recognizing Sequence Stratigraphic Surfaces in Late
Cretaceous Sediments of Ariyalur Area, Cauvery Basin, South India
R. Nagendra! D. Bakkiara!, R, Nagarsjan® and A.N. Reddy?
‘Deparment of Geto Am ini Chem 60025,
Departent of Ape Gea Curt Unser, Soa, Malis
‘sional Gorcocs Labonte, Ol and Nar! Gar Caparo i, Cha 0049
“Final geongaoomall com
Abstract
“Th geahemi tn isempove oes he een stg sre he Capuano seinen ofthe
‘Apalirarainte Caney Basin The Sac Fara (Campsien under he Kallanrche Fanraon of Masham a The
‘Secs igrapiesurluse a espe by envi te naorandace clement The hghrac ofl eonenratnseontste
‘nivel ice Campanian Mantis bday Theiperensing tendon inthe Kalli inetne sages eae
‘ic ofsclevel and he Ma atin acd wu liexone hich acksthe MES ig th otep sexi The TST nd MES
‘th Sisko nd Kalnrchh Formations are copie by th peste digression in TAL The sequence bourse ened
ese nt low tds TA and ZA hemi content, The igh TAL rae in the Sak Sansone we ved ram he ined
‘iii andthe ow hes TVA inthe Matcha inesoesare derived fom be onsilsspp.
yore Geheni.eqs saps, Aa. Canery Bsn Shing
Introdeetion
“The geochemical sequnce stratigraphy isan evation
of sedimentary formation ots chemical and mineralogial
Suits to understand the depositional environment of eue-op
tnd suberap sedimentary formations. The elemental
‘composition of pelagic sediments vais inresponte to set
level change (Acrarie el, 1993; Jarvis e al, 2001). The
‘major and tae elements concentration in sedisens i used
Snecessfuly to corelte chemically equivalent sedimentary
horizons between outerope (Pearce and avi 1995; Mabou
al, 2008), The soncum content of marie carkonaes is
onyolled by the Se'Ca ratio of seawater and by
frvionmertal, minerslosial and biological factors dat
‘onl the patoning of Se (Moese and Mackenzie, 1905
Mabrouk ef al, 2006). This adkeses the geochemical
sequence staigphy for the Campanin-Masstrichtian
‘uterp sediment of Ariyalur area of the Cauvery Bes
(ig) The Cawery Basin is pericatonic and strastrlly
‘elongated marginal basin located in the SE part of India
(0°30:12°30 and 78°30:80°30) (Rangaa, ea, 1993).
The basin forms hal-gaben morphology tending NE-SW.
sed consist of on exceptionally maine sequence with ich
faunal secession. The fst marae ansgression occured
uring the close of Late Jara sri sedimentation continued
tll Recent hough a series of transgressions and regrestons
The basin underwent an easterly tlt and the depecrres
shied ie est prior to marine wansgressin during the
beginning of Esty Paleocene
Geotoy oftestudy Area
The Campanin-Mausrichrian sediments of Arijalur
Group of racks are exposed in about 200k’ area in Arya
irc of Tamil Nadu, South Tada (Fig. 1). THe ehiet
Tihological units of Arjahir Group are represented by
Sillakudl, Kallakurichehi, Ouakevil and) Kallaneds
Formations The calereour sandstone wih fossil ssemblages
is the chiet rock type inthe Saku Formation wich
‘longs 10 Campanian age. The Kalankurchehi Formation
represent by bostomal lnesone,feruginous linesone
fn arenacsus Limestone is of Manstiebtian age. The fresh
‘Sediment samples were used for major, race, and Isoope
analysis. The blostadigrapic framework of Aryalur Group
twas use for integration With geochemisty 10 decipher the
equencestaigaphicsurfces (Nagendra, 2002),ip osatn mp Campin Mucins of alr ae, Caer Bain
‘Te oatrop of Silkk Formation of Campanian age
arcenpoed in ol (1084 9".79°023.19, Noho
(1150755.8°:79°03'01"), and Vayalpadi (11°20°.5
"98079 I")aceninaedaround Arigalur Fi. 1).
‘The Kallinkirchehi Fomation of Meastician age
unconformably vere the Sillkkudi Formation. Atasteam
{seston oe Kellor (11908246 and 79°05.968), sub-angular
to angular, pink to white qurtr and feldspar pebbles and
ables ae expsed. The presence of Kalle Conglomerate
between the Silakkuch and Kallankurchehi Formations
indicates abreskin he deposition during late Campanian. The
presence of Sm hickcobbesize conglomerate at40m depth
fom the surface in a mine section, resting onthe Silkk
Formation recoded. The Kallankuriehch Formation Table
‘earsist of ferugnous inestone,fomsthe lower mostunt
ofthe Kaleurehch Fcmatin, which directly overs he
aller Conglomerate Be.
The areaceous limestone follows the feuglneus
limestone which setlowis,massve compacted and ih in
silica content This lnestone hes yelded maerofosis suchas
Gnphace, dlectryonia, Exogyre and Inocoramss. The
Dinaromal stone overlying the arenaeous limestone i
rich in well preserved Gryphaea,Alecryania and Bxcxyra
Fess. The upper atenacons Tmestne iho nit drcly
overlies the Bostemallinesone, which is poor in bath
Incro- and merase bat veh in terrigenous input. The
Durtow stectres and macrofosis In Otakovil Sandstone
indicates sallow marine environment and the erss
luninationstuctres in Kallameds Sadtoe imply Nuvi
shanna Jepson. This thounit marks the termination
(Crettconus sedimentation in Arijalurares,
Materiatsand Methods
‘The limestone an sandstone samples were collected at
ll suitable outcrops and vertical sections ‘fom mine and
‘quamy excavations. The feruginus limestone, arenaceous
Timestone and biostromal limestone of Kallnkurchhi
Formation andthe sandstone samples f Silkk Formation
anc wsed for geochemical ads, These sediment simples are
tir died and then grinded in an agate morar. The seecied
sediment simples were analyzed for major and ce elements
by Inductively Coopled Passa Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS.
ELAN). 0.05 g of each of the samples was digested with
‘niu of ml of HF 3m of HNO ad {of CIO, for24
ours In tghty closed Teflon vessel on 8 ot plate at
temperature <180°C. Lac, the solton was evaprated to
Aryness and extracted with 10. of 1% HNO. An
internationally recognized. standard reference material
(SRO), GSR 4 was sed fortferenes. Replat aaiyses
bfsumplesindiate that ero for major elements beter han
19%, and pression ofthe analysis for tace elements were
within 2%, The representative oterp senso, inestone
and smples ofthe stud area were analyze for sabe isotope
emposiin. 8°Cand¥0 isoope analysiswas cri out at
‘he sable otpe laboratory ofthe DeparmontofGelony andecozingSruence Stratigraphic Sfoces i Late Cetaceou Sediments
Geophysics, Indian Insitute of Technology Kharagpur. A few
rmiligrams of powder were reacted at 72°C with 100%
“rinophosphore acid in vacuum using an on-line extraction
‘stem. For8!°C analysis of carbonates powered rock sample
tvas decarbonated using 0.SN HCI repeatedly washed and
“ned. Using an auto sampler about SOmg of treated sample,
‘wrapped in tn capsule, is dropped into quartz tube reactor,
prevlled with chromium oxide, reduced copper and sivered
obaltous, overnight conditioned at ~1050°C. Sample is
‘ombusted ina team of He flow and oxidized by a constant
flow ofhigh purty 0, The evolved CO; was purified through
Amistre trap and separated rom other gases by a molecular
‘eve GC column and is itroduced via a Finnigan Conf I
interface to the Delta Plus XP mas spectrometer (CFIRMS)
forits °C analysis, Samples were analysed along with NBS-
19 (international standard and intemal laboratory standard Z-
Cara fr calration androwtine check-up stnpic ation of
farbon and oxygen are presented in the usual d notation
{Wefinedasrelatve deviation ofthe sample isotopic ratio from
that ofa stendard) and expressed in units of peril %) W.
international standard V-PDB and V-SMOW, respectively,
‘withreproducbility of 0.1 (Sarkar, 2006).
Geochemical Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
‘The geochemistry results of sandstone of Siakud
‘Famatonovea vide variation inthe convention of major
fand traceelement; a Mn (0.0029 to 0,6339%), Ca (05-
12.4), CaCO, (0,05-23.27%),Si(25.72-42.72%), Ti0.28-
1.29%), Al(0.40-5.669), Sr (26.03-1170.80 ppm), 2+ (93.18-
5892.03 ppm) and the AT normalized ratio as 0.0010 1.4834
Tor Mn/AL 010-219 for TWAI,5.12- 87.98 fr SVAI,0:39-
312 for Zi/AL and 0.23-0.91 for SiCa (Table 2). The
“Maastrieitian limestone of Kallankurchehi Formation show
foichemical variations; as Mn (0.0002 to 0.0427 %), Ca
{1847-19 87 9), CaCO, (1801-5604 %) $i (292-27.78 %),
"T(0.08-0.76%), AI(0.6-2.899), Sr (70.56-225.92 ppm), Zt
(043-167 ppm) and AL normalized ratio, MavAl (00001-
“able: Libnsatgapie cts of CretosnslinentsofThinpl sa (fr Govindan
2
Fig Libs of Campanian Mayievian einen Aer
(0.0240), TAI (0.04.0.69), SUA (1-87-1981), iA (0.002~
10.005) andStiCa(0.02-0.07)(Table2)-The "Cand "0 isompe
show a wide variation, i sandstones (-16.60t0~ 4.30% PDB
nd. to 4.70% PDB respectively) than the Imestoe =
53.2010 110% PDB and-7.80 1-550 Ne PDB respectively)
(Table2and3).
“The maxima of Ti, 2, and Si are recorded at the upper
orion sediments o Sillakkd Formation Inthe Campanian-
‘Mastin sediments of Arya are, Ma rage ffom the
10.0029 to 0,339% in sandstone and in limestone samples it
anges from 0.0002 0 0.0427% (Table 2), Thchigher values of
‘Min and Mav indizate a relative sealevel ris, whereas the
lower values occur inthe high stand systemtratofarenacous
limestone bed. The imestoae facies was probably deposited in
1998)
Formation
[Kallankwrcheh Limesons
Silkk Sandstone
‘arudamangala Letone (Anaad
Pasvay Sandstone Kula)
ean | Marva Clay
Katka Limestone!
Shite | Grey Shale
one
eee
=| ae
oo
om
race [
Ta plant ba
| Boulder Conglomerate
Celine
~SeapekBay RNagenina eta
“able: Gent of Campa semen of iat Forman
ones Ma% Ca% “CACO, Sie TAI Selpp) Zrippm) TWAT SVAI NWA SeCa ZAI NCR "OM
Xie” puo So 600 MeN7 iz tom = 20 768 001H0
Skin oo 958 1496 2422 OWL ISS 030 2S) Dow >
SEY isn Se late a1) Ged Oss siks2 20si73 07 2955 OOuH Ost 3.2
PEN oor ost ‘ogo 39299 agae 218s "2995 331293 030 141 0010041190
PRL howe bo) bas Hae? G00 ZAR 2605 29139 O24 1432 GMD! O37 1038
Qoost os? bas 4200 Ggta sai 3898 OMIT O22 1298 aDI0 Os 338
PRN) Goes0 oss 04s Sand Gop La es O37 mae ome =
PRY. ooost asd 0s MT as 1720 ox a2 ooo >
SKA oD 100k rade IsTEE Osst 2470 baa tosis >
Set Boia) ‘96s Tete 3H om 5K :
Pret 00029 as 291 ODI 0688 Eo
Se boar B81 inal Mad O64 0764 ana
SexI 01539 oar 320 asst oar coi
een fos) e3m er oat dos9s 428 a6 100
Ke ten s290 2827 2901 2G0 Ges E0928 oo La :
Nea ome tos) mast 3942 Oast 2982 DLS a77S36 02k aE -1640 -47
EN! ons "730 tas asst ooo Anis Sova7 a74 bo oe
EX boo 31 136 2096 ase dome S01 sa6a8 ag im >:
Ta Diggs ans? 2132 29st 0584 2489 4639 24829 aM O71 :
Sm Gass "754 1701 on ash Bas Tas 31902 ast
SRI QDS S43 1096 stom 0787 O98 : a as
Seat Gest 936° 17s 2M 0900 19M ama smmat one 2938
Rb pous 1098 21ar 40257 o4st O72 25467 TOs ta an
Kk bis ‘say inst im as ti
Sex pane 994 (or BR dase 12h
SEtn Gonse 979. leas 2905 asi9 24m avs sapzo3
Ser" hoot $93 Mat 360K 429 2397 AS eTea2
Gas mas 430-77
tae tas san 272
AM tom 3m 14s 38581 bse S28 ALIS ou ta oS
Minit oes kas 1438 2890) Dste S093 450 a a
RO" Qiert 886 Disr Mane 0579 320 Hse Hoe a
Be Seebe et foie Sew aor Seo 2095 S298 010 0260s =
LG Katercopomer, Kt i, SV. io, PRI Pea RAL Per PRT euigr PRAV. Pea,
Fe Ra ee Ragkat SHV Ske, Pc ear Ki Sih, SKA ill, PV Puta
EK Resin Soap Rene RR Rava Tina Sat SK-IX- Soa SKN Sia
Heer msbe SX Sikind SK-VI- Sain SKI Sia M-MelMatiKL-Klpa RY Kipp
“ttle Geshe of Masih sodinnt of Kalle Forman
Base Man GH coco) Sit TAIN Sgom) Zorn) TAT SUA MAI Sis 2Al_eMMO
at gone gor ean 36 074s 297 125921 04M 013 84D OIL BOT 04D -130 -67
UAL Sons tear bia eter 7s tans 72" ose gat cons 7
Lee ie eee ines waa age? 279 14is79 Loss 020 624 G00 OMk 6
UA ots Soar d60e pat ase gow "827 27 goon :
Givi bone aot? Stet ‘Ouse ato oon S bor Sot Goi > :
hyd bom 3429 S899 S99 OST Late Lost mat bons = :
RS oes 360 Stns ‘anor uss oso Migs days DOT 497 Boose Dus ms 2.40 68
Gey Goa dnae kG gL MOR Ge ew OAD 1563 Om
Se ene eat Sto ‘kisr niok 248 1435 aes O09 RL 00D? 003 ms 220-74
ors cot Be Got kur com tod Mavik DSI Ob 4M dons Go poy -L40 = 33
ORG eee iy thor Fis ogo 2a "MRM OAT Got SK GoD me Om «LA «72
ka pour at) Ghee 79 cago 20m TED O4G7 Oot 34k donne ap oom -240 -75
Tar bors 4074 tooo Shes Case 167 wap 7 ons .
ToT thio sin 7000 C17s OSS? andatt 0805 DSL 126500073 Has ame -199 -09
Fro does a0 $5 S209 268 1252 bat ‘tat tao 2
Fea oust dear 3am 2am ame 1st S 82k ART bome =
FRE 900s) Stas Sass past nam 2a * 07 gry ono
res 900 2B ger bist iss gismy jae Ole 447 ome@ oor dame -320 «32
Fre por an Sion ding cist 2010 rpiaal —O4St bg 347 door? O93 Om -290 «7
Foe yy [aot west ese 220 "70se2 O88 US RAB oom OX One “E30 <6
Fe oe aay seas ‘ath nays 1371 74S9 Ose 023629 doors oz onus 220 «74
‘Us Upper osonscons sine, GRY. Geen insane,
{UA ler acs meson ind PR Femugions nesemarine watrto clearly reflect the relatively small changes of
‘scarleve forthe risa fallin the KallankurichchiFomation.
“The Ma/Alrajos re lower in he upper arenaceous limestone,
whereas higher vals inthe ferrginous limestone. The Mn
fox inereased with rising seolevel and increasing funel
assemblage, reached maximum in the maximum flooding
Surface, indicate thereduced sedimentation. The transresive
‘stem tact surices were recognized by accountng the
increase in oganie matter and Ma flux othe seafloc. The
maximum flooding surface i placed a the Mn maximum on
the biostromal bed. The Min and MnvAl trends representing 3
naj anoxic event inthe oceans; this anoxi event indicates
the aceamulation of organi rich sediments, aplobal near the
postive SUC digression in marine carbonates and organic
‘mater and an oceurrence of major biotic tumover. The high
‘Sn systemtracta upper arenaceous limestone suggests that
increased carbonate dominated sedimentation, which might
have been reduced the Ma ux by imiing the effectiveness of
the diagenetic manganese pumped during sea-level changes.
‘The transgressive and maximum ooding_surices are
recognized by postive digressons in TWAL (Table 2,3 and
Fie)
The sos ocurs in @ much wider range of sediment
conaituents than Ti and Zr, icing the detrital quart and
‘lay minerals The high SV/A ratios decining from thebase of
‘Campanian and high SUAlratos at anspressive surfaces. The
tontelation between the Ti and Si peaks i consistent with T
Teailing in ttmomagnatite inclion in detrital quartz, of
‘Campanian sediments (Montgomery 1994),
Stable Isotopes
“The stable isotopic composition of 6!°C and 80 in
Campanian sandstone suggests precipitation during
prouresive burial from evolved marine fluds. The carbonate
{nd other mineralizing solutes were derived, increasingly with
‘rial, fom decarboxylation of organic mater and clay
mineral trensformations ia adjacent ssones. It has been
Alcamented that CO, produced during decarboxylation can
lead t the disoktion/eplacement of precursor cate by
stable dolomite (Sundaram and Yin, 1994) The carbon sotope
Stratigraphy of the Campanian sediments shows that he
{stematie variation that enables detailed comaton on an
intercontinental scale, despite the absence of unequivocal
interregional biosratigraphic markers. The positive °C isa
typicl marine limestone signature (Moss and Tucker, 1996),
thenegatived°C in the Campanian sandstone, atributedas an
inheritance from the original carbonate sediment. The Al rend
{sclose toamitor image of Ca. The transpressiesurace and
maximum flooding srfaces are picked out by positive
Gigressions in TVA, whereas sequence boundaries generally
text low TVAL contents; Ze/AI shows similar trends. 1
otal than novtcatex peas are defined by several samples
fd consequently represent relatively lng-tenm changes in
sediment composition, rather than reflecting mineralogical
andor chemical varitionassociated with sediments overlying
Individual omislonor erosionsurface
“The largest positive Mn digression occurs closer to the
CCampanian-Manstriehtian boundary, an interval representing
‘major anoxic event in the oceans; his anoxic even incates
the accumulation of organic rich sediments a global near the
postive SC digression in marine carbonates and ongaic
‘nate, nan occurrence of major bite tumover. The Mv
ratios are low at the base of Campanian sandstone and
Maastrichtian limestone and increase erratically to
‘maximum inthe Lower Maastrchin, andthe sandstone have
the digession of °C. The high Mn content contolled by the
ineresing detrital fox asociated withthe ineressing faunal
assemblage, The smaller digression of mide Maustihtan
°C peaks, which have a maximum, sie the 8°C 11%
PDBby biostomalbed, which isnot associated wih extensive
‘ocean anoxia, the increasing of marine organic matter as been
‘ring in to observed isotope digression. The digressions of
CCampnian-Maastrehtian boundary and the Msastrihtian
‘coincide wth low Mnand MnvAl vals,
The low vals of cabo isctope digressons of the
Campanian Meastriehian boundary and Late Campanian
vents follow periods of cael fall The Campanian isotope
{nd eustatc sea-level profiles are remarkably isa, with
f Tong-ter fll in 8°C associated with filling eusatic see
levels, and Maastichtian isotope and custatc sea-level
profs are remarkably similar, with a long-term rise in °C
ssocited withrisingeustaticse-leves,
‘Strontium Stratigraphy
‘The SoCafsandsone (2.23091) and limestone (0.02-
(.07)ate presented in Tables 2and3. The maximum values of
limestone occur in upper part of high stand system ractandthe
coverying transgressive systems tract, and the maximum
‘values of Sa ratios in Campanian sandstone closer to the
Sequence boundary, SCs ratios fll tough tansresive
‘stems trac attain minimum vues inthe upper TST, before
Fisng through the high stand, The rising sealevels during
transgression promoted renewed aragonite deposition and
falling seavater SriCa (Mabrouk et al, 2007). This was
reversed by the development of mature carbonate platform
{ystems with lower aragonite accumlation rates during the
high stand environment. The geochemical data (Renard 1985,
1986, Stoll and Schrag, 2001, Steuber, 2007, Steuer ani
Veizer, 2002) suggest that SriCa ratios rose progressively
through the Mido Late Cretaceous. period fing estate
Searlevel (Hancock and Kautfman, 1979, Hag etal, 1988,
Hancock, 199%), set-evel eannet be the main forcing
‘mechanism fr long-term Sa variation, The long-term rend
is best explained by a decreasing contibution of aragonite to
the Formation of earbonae platforms (Steuber, 2002),aa ogni eta
Conchasions
1. The geochemical tool is wad in interpretation of the
sequence statigraphic surfeces of the Campanian:
“Maasrctian sediments of theAsyalur- Pondicherry sb-
basinofthe Cauvery Basin.
2. The Campanian sandstone is overlain by the Kaller
ccanglomerates, and marks the uncoafomily.
3, The Masstihtan age of Kallakurchchi Fomation i
represented as a 29/3 onder depositional sequence
‘bounded an unconteemi, relatively thicker TST, and
thinner HST separated by MFS. The etcrop sediments
‘of Aryalurarea are deposited inthe inne oid shelf
4. The Th, Zr and Si maxima is at the Campanian
Maastrichtian sequence boundary. The higher
‘oncentation of Ma and higher rates of MivAl ales
indicates herelaive sev levet ie.
5. Then fincincreaedinthe Maartrihtian nestone with
Hsing setlevel and reached a maximum in Oryphacs
limestone, whichmarks the MFSin the out seton
6. The Campanian-Maastrichtian surface sediments
sequences of TST and MF are recognised bythe postive
Aligressions in TVAL The sequence boundaries are
identified bated onthe chemical variations the lw TVA
contents and show sina ends.
7. ‘The Campanian-Early Maastrichtian sediment
vranagresive surfice and MES are recognised by the
ostv digesionn THA
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