NETWORK

MEANING:
NETWORK REFERS TO THE COLLECTION OF COMPUTERS CONNECTED
TO EACH OTHER TO ENABLE THE SHARING OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
RESOURCES.

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK.

1) PERIPHERALS
( EG : PRINTERS CAN BE SHARED.)
2) SOFTWARE CAN BE SHARED.
3) DATA CAN BE SHARED.
4) COMPUTERS MAY COMMUNICATE.
5) FOR SECURITY REASONS COMPUTERS USERS ACCESS MAY BE
RESTRICTED IT NEEDED.

DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK.

1) ONE SERVER BREAKING DOWN MAY AFFECT A NUMBER OF COMPUTERS.

2) NETWORKS AREVOLUMABLE TO HACKERS AND VIRUSES.
3) CABLING AND INTALLATION MAY BE EXPENSIVE.
4) A NETWORK MANAGER HAS TO APPOINTED TO RUN THE NETWORK.

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS:

1) BASED ON DISTANCE COVERED. 2) BASED on ARCHITECTURE

A) LAN (DESIGN.)
B) MAN A) CLIENT - SERVER
C) WAN B) PEER TO PEER.

1) LAN ( LOCAL AREA NETWORK )

LAN REFERS TO A NETWORKING ENVIRONMENT THAT EXIST
WITHIN A SMALL PREMISES SAY FOR EG : WITHIN THE SAME BUILDING OR
BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT BUILDINGS. IN LAN THE COMPUTERS ARE ON
THE SAME SITE AND LINKED BY CABLES. SOME LANS NOW USE WIRELESS
LINKS. LANS ARE USED TYPICALLY WITHIN A SINGLE COMPUTING FACILITY
, EG WITHIN A DEPARTMENT OR A LAB OR A BIULDING. TODAY LANS RUN
OVER COPPER WIRE OR FIBRE OPTIC CABLE.CONNECTED COMPUTERS
MUST BE WITHIN CERTAIN RADIUS LIMIT, GENERALLY ONE KILOMETERS .
IN OTHER WORDS LAN IS CONFINED TO A SMALL AREA.
IN LAN AT LEAST ONE COMPUTER IS DESIGNED AS FILE SERVER. IN SOME
SERVERS FILE SERVER IS REFERRED TO AS NETWORK DRIVERS. THE
MICROCOMPUTERS MANAGED BY THE FILE SERVER SRE CALLED AS
WORKSTATIONS OR NODES. IN LAN RESOURCES SUCH AS PRINTERS ,
DATA STORAGE DEVICES, SOFTWARE ETC . CAN BE SHARED. THE FILE
SERVER MANAGES THE COMMUNICATION AND SHARING OF PERIPHERAL
DEVICES.
IT REQUIRES LAN CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE TILE SERVER. DATA
TRANSFER SPEED IS MEASURED IN MEGA BYTES PER SECOND (MBPS)
.TWO OR MORE LANS CAN BE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER WITH THE HELP
OF BRIDGES OR GATEWAYS. LAN IS GENERALLY OWNED BY AN
ORGANISATION.

2) MAN (METROPOLTAN AREA NETWORK)

MAN REFERS TO A NETWORKING ENVIRONMENT THAT EXIST
BETWEEN TWO OR MORE METROPOLITAN CITIES. OR AN NETWORKING
ENVIRONMENT THAT CONNECTS TWO OR MORE LANS WITHIN THE SAME
CITY. EG : DELHI AND MUMBAI.
IT IS A BIGGER NETWORK OF CONNECTED COMPUTERS, WHERE IN
COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER PHYSICALLY WITH THE HELP
OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE.
EACH COMPUTER MAY WORK WITH PERIPHERAL DEVICES SUCH AS A
PRINTER , DATA STORAGE DEVICES.
CONNECTED COMPUTERS MUST BE WITHIN CERTAIN RADIUS LIMIT ;
GENERALLY 40 TO 60 KILOMETER . IN OTHER WORDS MAN IS CONFINED
TO A BIGGER AREA. GENERALLY MAN CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE SERVER.
THE MICROCOMPUTERS MANAGED BY THE FILE SCRED ARE CALLED AS
WORKSTATIONS OR NODES.
IN MAN RESOURCES SUCH AS PRINTERS , DATA STORAGE DEVICES ,
SOFTWARE ETC. CAN BE SHARED.
THE FILED SERVER MANAGES THE COMMUNICATION AND SHARING OF
PERIPHERAL DEVICES.
DATA TRANSFER SPEED IS MEASURED IN MEGA BYTES PER SECOND
( MPBS).
TWO OR MORE MAN’S CANBE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER WITH THE HELP
OF BRIDGES OR GATEWAYS.
LAN CAN BE CONNECTED TO MAN.
MAN IS GENERALLY NOT OWNED BY SINGLE ORGANISATION.

3) WAN ( WIDE AREA NETWORK) :

 WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK THAT EXIST
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD . EG: INDIA AND AMERICA.
IT IS A LARGE NETWORK OF CONNECTED COMPUTERS, WHERE IN
COMPLETE ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER WITH THE HELP OF VARIOUS
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES SUCH AS LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE
SERVICES, SATELIITE TRANSMISSION , UNDER SEA – CABLE ETC.
EACH COMPUTER MAY WORK WITH PERIPHERAL DEVICES SUCH AS
PRINTER , DATA STORAGE DEVICES.
WAN COVERS WIDE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA. THE CONNECTED COMPUTERS
CAN BE ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD.
GENERALLY WAN CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE FILE SERVERS.
THE MICROCOMPUTERS MANAGED BY THE FILE SERVER ARE CALLED AS
WORKSTATIONS OR NODES.
IN WAN RESOURCES SUCH AS DATA STORAGE DEVICES , SOFTWARE ETC
CAN BE SHARED.
THE FILE SERVER MANAGES THE COMMUNICATION.
DATA TRANSFER SPEED IS SLOW , IT IS MEASURED IS KILO BYTES PER
SEC.
MAN CAN BE CONNECTED TO WAN.

CLIENT SERVER ARCHTECTURE ARE ALSO CALLED AS TWO- TIER

ARCHITECTURE.

1) CLIENT –SERVER NETWORK:

CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK IS A NETWORK ARCHTECTURE OR
PROCESS ON THE NETWORK IS EITHER A CLIENT OR A SERVER. SERVERS
ARE POWERFUL COMPUTERS OR PROCESSES DEDICATED TO MANAGING
DISK DRIVES , PRINTERS OR NETWORK TRAFFIC. THEY ARE POWERFUL IN
TERMS OF ITS PROCESSING ABILITY (CPU) , STORAGE CAPACITY ( HARD
DISK ) AND MEMORY ( RAM )
ALL OTHER COMPUTERS IN A NETWORKING ENVIRONMENT
OTHER THEN SERVER ARE CALLED AS CLIENTS/ NODES / WORKSTATION.
CLIENTS ARE PC’S ON WORK. STATIONS ON WHICH USERS RUN
APPLICATIONS. CLIENTS RELY ON SERVERS FOR RESOURCES , SUCH AS
FILES, DEVICES AND RUN PROCESSING POWER.
IN THIS NETWORK A CLIENT IS ALWAYS REQUESTING FOR IN FORMATION
AND THE SERVER PROCESSES AND PROVIDES THE REQUESTED
INFORMATION TO THE CLIENT.

2) PEER- TO- PEER:

IN A PEER TO PEER NETWORK ALL COMPUTERS ACT AS
SERVERS AS WELL AS CLIENTS. EACH NODE HAS EQUILAVENT
RESPONSIBILITY AND THEY ARE AT EQUAL LEVEL AND EQUALLY
POWERFUL.

INTERNET.

MEANING :
INTERNET REFERS TO THE NETWORK OF THE NETWORKS . IT IS A
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN).

Internet Terminology
1) WWW
2) Website
3) Webpage
4) Home Page
5) Browser
6) E-mail
7) URL
8) DNS
9) IP address