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0.9% NaCl
Effect of hypertonic
solution to plant
cells
Filtration
Facilitated diffusion
Active Processes
Primary Active Transport
Primary Active Transport (continued)
Secondary Active Transport
Secondary active transport. The Na+/K+ pump (a) maintains a concentration of Na+
ions that is higher outside the cell than inside. The resulting Na+ gradient provides
gy for secondaryy active transport
energy p pumps.
p p The sodium ions diffuse back into the
cell by facilitated diffusion. As these ions diffuse some molecules, like glucose, diffuse
in the same direction (b); while others, like H+ and Ca2+ , diffuse in opposite
directions.
Bulk Transport
Phagocytosis
lysosomes
a. b. c.
f. e. d.
cytoplasm
pinocytic vesicle
cytoplasm