CHAPTER-1

Vehicle black box

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INTRODUCTION

In the present day everyone are running behind speed all want to come first.

In such sceneries accident are increasing. Daily May new vehicles are being added

On the road. This also increases the amount of accident. There won’t be a day on

which there is no death due to road accident? Many are being enforced to reduce

accidents but none of them have been able to stop them, but they are only able to

decrease them to an extent. The highway safety association in Europe and America

has been planning to implement some devices into vehicles which would safe

guard the interest of the passengers. The motor giant general motors have initiated

many research and developmental activities in this regard. The vehicles are fitted

with airbags, anti-lock breaking system and many such things. But in order to do

any research or development there is a need for the knowledge of the real cause of

the accident. The accident may occur due to the mistake of others or the problems

in the working of the vehicle such as break failure or fire accident.

The presently available features which are incorporated into vehicles are

GPS, tracking and mapping. The European Union and America are planning

to incorporate certain data loggers into vehicles which would record the vehicle

parameters. The IEEE has also introduced some standards in this regard. The
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system proposed to be like a black box which logs implementation inside the

vehicles and the performance of the vehicles. The proposal of the IEEE association

is audio and video logging and engine parameters such as the temperature brake

conditions, sharp turn, torque of the vehicle etc. this is analogous to a black box

billion dollar aircraft industry is affordable such costly devices cannot be

incorporated into a car as such systems will cost more than the car itself. Moreover

there is no alert system. So we made an initiative to design a data logger as an

emergency alert system. This initiative was made because of delayed medical help

and relief. We also kept in mind as to decrease the cost so as to make it affordable

to vehicle of all ranges. Our data logger logs the conversation and voice inside the

cabin and also the location. The accident is sensed for the fire accidents and

physical collision and when such an accident occurs an alert message is sent to

pre-stored mobile number.

Our system can be also further expanded by adding up many more sensors

such as vibration sensors, gas sensors. This can also be incorporated with GPS

mapping to find out the way. There is a video recording option but since it costly it

can only be incorporated in to high end cars.

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CHAPTER -2

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

S1- PRESSURE SENSER

Fig 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM- VEHICLE BLACK BOX

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BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

MICROCONTROLLER

PIC16f873 is the brain of the entire system. This

RISC controller, which is accounted as one of the most popular
general purpose microcontrollers, acts as a control unit. The
functions of the controller may be briefed as follows

Receiving the RF-id code from the authorized branch and cross-
checking it with the database in its data memory Sending text
message “travel started” through the GSM modem connected to
its serial communication peripheral on receiving the correct code.

Receiving GPS co-ordinates on reception of text message” where”

from a GSM number, requesting the location of the money carrier

USER MOBILE

User can get the alert message of accident. The alert message
includes the location where the accident occurred.

GPS MODULE

GPS module is used to receive the GPS values from the satellite.
The values are continuously sent to the microcontroller for
storage

APR 9600

Sound record/playback IC. Used to record the sounds inside the

cabin, one minute prior to the accident. This helps to understand

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the real cause of the accident right from the speech of the people
inside

LCD DISPLAY

Displays the location of where the accident occurred. This starts

execution once the data retrieve button is pressed after the
module is recovered from the accident affected vehicle.

GSM MODEM

The GSM modem is used to send alert message to

the centers.

LCD MODULE

This module has two main lines. Control lines and data lines. The
control lines and the data lines are connected to PORTB. The 10K trim
potentiometer connected to the Contrast pin of the LCD is used to adjust the
contrast of the display. The LCD display is used to display the saved GPS location,
once the ‘Black Box’ module is retrieved from the affected vehicle. GPS and the
GSM modules are connected across a relay since there is only one serial
communication module for the controller and all the modules need to be connected
to the same peripheral. On an accident case, the GSM module sends the alert
message after receiving the GPS location

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CHAPTER -3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Fig 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE BLACK BOX

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION

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Power supply

The target board is powered by a 5V power supply. The power

supply is designed such that, an AC or DC voltage from the range 7V to 24V may
be given as input. The components used in the supply design are

a. 12-0-12/1A step down transformer

b. Bridge package – used for AC to DC conversion ( null effect when

DC supply is used)

c. L7805 voltage regulator – used to give a regulated 5V output

d. 1000µF capacitor acts as a filter circuit.

+12V

D6
1 2

1N4007 + C11
D7
1 5 1 2 2200mf
230V T1

6 1N4007 U5 VCC
D8 L7805/TO220
4 8 1 2 1 2
230V
1

VIN VOUT + C12

GND

12-0-12v/1A 1N4007 10mfd

D10
1 2
2

1N4007
1

+ C13
3

2200mfd
2

Fig.3 POWER SUPPLY

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PIC 16F873A

It is the brain of the entire system. This RISC controller, which is accounted
as one of the most popular general purpose microcontrollers, acts as a control unit.
The functions of the controller may be briefed as follows Receiving the RF-id code
from the authorized branch and cross-checking it with the database in its data
memory Sending text message “accident occurred” through the GSM modem
connected to its serial communication peripheral on receiving the correct code.
Receiving GPS co-ordinates on reception of text message ” track” from a GSM
number, requesting the location of the money carrier. It also coordinates the
functioning of all the modules and takes the required steps when accident occurs.
The PIC is programmed according to our needs using appropriate programming
software and programmers.

Fig4. PIN CONFIGURATION

APR 9600 VOICE RECORD/PLAYBACK IC

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The figure shows the device configured in random access mode. The device
is using eight message segments, the maximum available, in this mode. Note that
message trigger pins that are not used, for modes with less than eight segments, can
be left unconnected with the exception of pin/M8_Option which should be pulled
to VCC through a 100K resistor.

Fig 5. APPLICATIONAL DIAGRAM FOR APR 9600

MAX 232

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The MAX232 also known as line

driver is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-
232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital
logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically
converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-
232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V
supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This
makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise
do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power
supply design does not need to be made more complicated just
for driving the RS-232 in this case.

Fig.6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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GPS MODULE

Latina’s GGM309U GPS Receiver provides various applications such as car

navigating, marine navigating, mapping, surveying, security, agriculture and so on.
It communicates with device (such as pocket PC or notebook) via compatible dual
channel through RS-232 or TTL and satellite data by built in backup memory.
Further more, GGM309U can track up to 20 satellite at a time, re-acquire satellite
signals in 100ms and update position data every second.

GSM MODULE

The GSM Module is a simple internal circuit of a mobile which can insert a
SIM in itself and send a message. In this particular project the usage can be with a
GSM module or even a mobile handset. For convenience we are using a mobile
handset with a data cable.

4 MHz Crystal oscillator

Crystal oscillator is used to provide oscillation frequency to the PIC micro

controller.

Tosc = 0.25Fosc

Tosc = Time period required for one oscillation

Fosc= frequency of crystal oscillator

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WORKING OF CIRCUIT

The circuit in the normal working

mode continuously collects the GPS data, through the serial
communication peripheral of the PIC µC. The GPS data is received
in NMEA protocol, which is a set of rules followed in representing
the various GPS data parameters. The driver code in the µC, filters
out the data that are not of concern to the working and saves the
data string that contains the latitude and longitude of the GPS
modem location. This process is done continuously. Parallel to the
process, the APR9600 IC that works in the record mode, records
the sound inside the cabin. The APR is controlled by the µC port
pins.

When an accident condition is detected: ie. When a gas leakage or

an over temperature is detected, the microcontroller does two
process in parallel. The controllers send control to the APR to stop
recording. The GPS location reception is also stopped and the
current location in saved. An emergency alert system also comes
into life

On retrieving the black box: the retrieve button in the module

needs to be hit to push the module to data retrieve mode. On
triggering the “Retrieve” button, the APR IC is changed to play-
back mode and plays the sound inside the cabin from one minute
prior to the accident to understand the possible reason.. The same
method is successfully used in the cockpit of the aircraft to
through more light into the possible reason the craft is in trouble
from the pilots conversation with his co.

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CHAPTER -4

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HARDWARE

PIC MICROCONTROLLER 16F873A

The PIC microcontroller family is manufactured by Microchip Technology

Inc. Currently they are one of the most popular microcontrollers, used in many
commercial and industrial applications. Over 120 million devices are sold each
year. The PIC microcontroller architecture is based on a modified Harvard RISC
(Reduced Instruction set Computer) instruction set with dual-bus architecture,
providing fast and flexible design with an easy migration path from only 6 pins to
80 pins, and from 384 bytes to 128 kbytes of program memory.

The PIC is the small computer

The PIC, like the CPU, has calculation functions and memory, and is
controlled by the software. However, the throughput and the memory capacity are
low. Depending on the kind of PIC, the maximum clock operating frequency is
about 20 MHz and the memory capacity (to write the program) is about 1K to 4K
words. The clock frequency determines the speed at which a program is read and
an instruction is executed. The throughput cannot be judged with the clock
frequency alone. It changes with the processor architecture. However within the
same architecture, the one with the highest clock frequency has the highest
throughput. 14-bit WORD is the program memory capacity. An instruction is a
word long. Program memory is measured in BYTES, one byte is 8 bits. The bit is
the smallest unit, and can have the value of 1 or 0. The instruction word of the
PIC16F87X is composed of 14 bits.

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Applications

PIC16F873A perfectly fits many uses, from automotive industries and

controlling home appliances to industrial instruments, remote sensors, electrical
door locks and safety devices. It is also ideal for smart cards as well as for battery
supplied devices because of its low consumption.

EEPROM memory makes it easier to apply microcontrollers to devices

where permanent storage of various parameters is needed (codes for transmitters,
motor speed, receiver frequencies, etc.). Low cost, low consumption, easy handling
and flexibility make PIC16F873A applicable even in areas where microcontrollers
had not previously been considered (example: timer functions, interface
replacement in larger systems, coprocessor applications, etc.).

ARCHITECTURE OF PIC16F873A

Fig 10 ARCHITECTURE OF PIC16F873A

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FEATURES

Core Features

• High-performance RISC CPU

• Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two
cycle
• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
 Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,
 Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
 Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory
• Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable
operation
• Programmable code-protection
• Power saving SLEEP mode
• Selectable oscillator options
• Low-power, high-speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology
• Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V
• Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges
• Low-power consumption:
- < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz

- 20 mA typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

- < 1 mA typical standby current

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I/O PORTS

Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate function for
the peripheral features on the device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that
pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin.

PORTA and the TRISA Register

PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction

register is TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High Impedance mode).
Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output
(i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading the PORTA
register reads the status of thepins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch.
All write operations are read-modify-write operations.

PORTB and the TRISB Register

PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data
direction register is TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTB pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance
mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Three pins of
PORTB are multiplexed with the In-Circuit Debugger and Low-Voltage
Programming function: RB3/PGM, RB6/PGC and RB7/PGD. Each of the PORTB
pins has a weak internal pull-up. A single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups.
This is performed by clearing bit RBPU (OPTION_REG<7>).

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PORTC and the TRISC Register

PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction
register is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode).
Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). PORTC is multiplexed
with several peripheral functions. PORTC pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.
When the I2C module is enabled, the PORTC<4:3> pins can be configured with
normal I2C levels, or with SMBus levels, by using the CKE bit
(SSPSTAT<6>).When enabling peripheral functions, care should be taken in
defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin.

ANALOG-TO-DIGITALCONVERTER (A/D) MODULE

The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has five inputs for the 28-pin
devices and eight for the 40/44-pindevices.The conversion of an analog input
signal results in a corresponding 10-bit digital number. The A/D module has high
and low-voltage reference input that is software selectable to some combination of
VDD, VSS, RA2or RA3.The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able to
operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To operate in Sleep, the A/D clock must
be derived from the A/D’s internal RC oscillator.
The A/D module has four registers. These registers are:
• A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)
• A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)
• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)

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APR 9600(AUDIO PLAYBACK/RECORD)

General Description
The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage,
and playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and
sequential access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing
designers to customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs.
Integrated output amplifier, microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly
simplify system design. The device is ideal for use in portable voice recorders,
toys, and many other consumer and industrial applications. APLUS integrated
achieves these high levels of storage capability by using its proprietary
analog/multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-
volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels.
This technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their
natural form. It eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often
introduce distortion.
Functional Description
The APR9600 block diagram is included in order to give understanding of
the APR9600 internal architecture. A differential microphone amplifier, including
integrated AGC, is included on-chip for applications requiring its use. The
amplified microphone signal is fed into the device by connecting the Ana_Out pin
to the Ana_In pin through an external DC blocking capacitor. Recording can be fed
directly into the Ana_In pin through a DC blocking capacitor, however, the
connection between Ana_In and Ana_Out is still required for playback. The next
block encountered by the input signal is the internal anti-aliasing filter. After anti-
aliasing filtering is accomplished the signal is ready to be clocked into the memory
array. This storage is accomplished through a combination of the Sample and Hold
circuit and the Analog Write/Read circuit. These circuits are clocked by either the
Internal Oscillator or an external clock source. When playback is desired the
previously stored recording is retrieved from memory, low pass filtered, and

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amplified as shown on the right hand side of the diagram. The signal can be heard
by connecting a speaker to the SP+ and SP- pins. Chip-wide management is
accomplished through the device control block shown in the upper right hand
corner. Message management is controlled through the message control block
represented in the lower center of the block diagram. More detail on actual device
application can be found in the Sample Applications section. More detail on
sampling control can be found in the Sample Rate and Voice Quality section. More
detail on message management and device control can be found in the Message
Management section

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ARCHITECTURE

Fig 12 APR BLOCK DIAGRAM

Features
• Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & playback solution
- No external ICs required
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- Minimum external components

• Non-volatile Flash memory technology
- No battery backup required
• User-Selectable messaging options
- Random access of multiple fixed-duration messages
- Sequential access of multiple variable-duration messages• User-friendly, easy-to-
use operation
- Programming & development systems not required
- Level-activated recording & edge-activated playback switches
Message Management
General Description
Playback and record operations are managed by on chip circuitry. There are
several available messaging modes depending upon desired operation. This
message modes determine message management style, message length, and
external parts count. Therefore, the designer must select the appropriate operating
mode before beginning the design. Operating modes do not affect voice quality; for
information on factors affecting quality refer to the Sampling Rate & Voice Quality
section.
• Random access mode with 2, 4, or 8 fixed-duration messages
• Tape mode, with multiple variable-duration messages, provides two options:
- Auto rewind
- Normal
Modes cannot be mixed. Switching of modes after the device has recorded an
initial message is not recommended. If modes are switched after an initial
recording has been made some unpredictable message fragments from the previous
mode may remain present, and be audible on playback, in the new mode. These
fragments will disappear after a record operation in the newly selected mode. Table
1 defines the decoding necessary to choose the desired mode. An important feature
of the APR9600 message management capabilities is the ability to audibly prompt
the user to changes in the device’s status through the use of “beeps” superimposed

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on the device’s output. This feature is enabled by asserting a logic high level on the
BE pin.

Recording in Random Access Mode

On power up, the device is ready to record or play back, in any of
the enabled message segments. To record, /CE must be set low to enable the device
and /RE must be set low to enable recording. You initiate recording by applying a
low level on the message trigger pin that represents the message segment you
intend to use. The message trigger pins are labeled /M1_Message - /M8_Option on
pins 1-9 (excluding pin 7) for message segments 1-8 respectively.

Playback in Random Access Mode

On power up, the device is ready to record or playback, in any of the enabled
message segments. To playback, /CE must be set low to enable the
device and /RE must be set high to disable recording & enable playback. You
initiate playback by applying a high to low edge on the message trigger pin that
representing the message segment you intend. Playback will continue until the end
of the message is reached. If a high to low edge occurs on the same message trigger
pin during playback, playback of the current message stops immediately. If a
different message trigger pin pulses during playback, playback of the current
message stops immediately (indicated by one beep) and playback of the new
message segment begins.

MAX-232

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The MAX232 also known as line driver is an integrated circuit that converts
signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts
the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level
outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and
external capacitors. This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that
otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power
supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-
232 in this case.

GPS

GPS In This Project

In this project GPS is used for locating and tracking the vehicle. The GPS
module calculates the geographical position of the module. This helps in detecting
the location/position of the module. G-Mouse is a total solution GPS receiver,
designed based on the most high sensitivity first GPS kernel architecture. This
positioning application meets strict needs such as car navigation, mapping,
surveying, security, agriculture and so on. Only clear view of sky and certain
power supply are necessary to the unit. It communicates with other electronic
utilities via compatible dual-channel through RS-232 or TTL and saves critical
satellite data by built-in backup memory. With low power consumption, the G-
Mouse tracks up to 8 satellites at a time, re-acquires satellite signal in 1 sec and
updates position data recovery second.4 power-saving mode allows the unit with
ultra low power request.

eg;$GPRMC,161229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598,*10

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GSM

GSM In This Project

In this project GSM module is used to send the messages containing the
accident information along with the latitude and longitude position of module at the
time of accident. For that we use an ordinary GSM mobile hand set. The GSM can
be controlled by certain commands called AT commands. Through our software
we control the GSM modem to generate and transmit the text messages on to
another GSM modem in the program.
Example for the AT command are,
AT: -Sends to the module for detecting the proper working of the module.
ATE0:-Command for turn off the echo.
AT+CMGF=1:-Command for shifting module in to text mode.
AT+CMGS=”+91.............”-Command for connecting to another
module.
After sending the AT the module will return an OK message to show
the proper functioning of the module. If OK received then we will send
the command ATE0 to the module to turn off the echoing of the

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commands. Then the commandAT+CMGF=1 shifts the module to the text

mode. The module now returns ”>”. Then AT+CMGS=”+91**********
If “>” is received from the GSM module, type the SMS data and give Ctrl+Z. This
will send the SMS.
LCD MODULE

This module has two main lines. Control lines and data lines. The control
lines and the data lines are connected to PORTB. The 10K trim potentiometer
connected to the Contrast pin of the LCD is used to adjust the contrast of the
display. The LCD display is used to display the saved GPS location, once the
‘Black Box’ module is retrieved from the affected vehicle. GPS and the GSM
modules are connected across a relay since there is only one serial communication
module for the controller and all the modules need to be connected to the same
peripheral. On an accident case, the GSM module sends the alert message after
receiving the GPS location

FEATURES

• 5 x 7 DOTS WITH CURSOR

• BUILT-IN CONTROLLER (KS0066 OR EQUIVALENT)
• 5 V POWER SUPPLY
• 1/16 DUTY CYCLE
4.2 V LED FORWARD VOLTAGE

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CHAPTER -5

PROGRAM

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#include "adc.h"
#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
char adc_dataL,adc_dataH;
float bank1 tempt[11];
float bank1 temp_incelcius[1];
char bank1 count1;
char shift_number=0;
char flag=1;

int bank1 number;

int decimal;

void adc(char PIC_CHANNEL,char ADC_CHANNEL)

{
float
voltage[11]={.00488,.00976,.01952,.03904,.07808,.15616,.31232,.62
464,1.24928,2.49856};
int p;
static bit s;
adc_dataL=0X00;
adc_dataH=0X00;
q=0;
count1=0;
if(PIC_CHANNEL==0)
{
ADCON1=0B10001110;
}
else if(PIC_CHANNEL==1)
{
ADCON1=0B10000100;
}

if(ADC_CHANNEL==0)
{

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ADCON0=0B01000001;
}
else if(ADC_CHANNEL==1)
{
ADCON0=0B01001001;
}
else if(ADC_CHANNEL==2)
{
ADCON0=0B01010001;
}
else if(ADC_CHANNEL==3)
{
ADCON0=0B01011001;
}

for(p=0;p<=10;p++)
{
tempt[p]=0.00;
}
ADGO=1; //
while(ADGO==1)//Check whether ADGO==1
continue;

adc_dataH=ADRESH;
adc_dataL=ADRESL;
s=1;

do
{
if((adc_dataL&0x01)==s)
{
tempt[q+1]=tempt[q]+voltage[q];
count1=q+1;
}
q++;
adc_dataL=(adc_dataL>>1);

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}while(q<=7);

if(adc_dataH!=0x00)
{
do
{
if((adc_dataH&0x01)==s)
{
tempt[q+1]=tempt[q]+voltage[q];
count1=q+1;
}
q++;
adc_dataH=(adc_dataH>>1);
}while(q<=9);
temp_incelcius[0]=tempt[count1]*100;

}
else if(adc_dataH==0x00)
temp_incelcius[0]=tempt[count1]*100;
decimal =(int)temp_incelcius[0];
for(p=0;p<4;p++)
{
decimal2[p]=0X00;
}
if(decimal==0x00)
{decimal2[0]=0x30;}
else
{
q=0;
do
{
decimal2[q]=(decimal%10)+0x30;
decimal =decimal/10;
q++;
}
while(decimal!=0);

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return;
}
/*
* Delay functions
* See delay.h for details
*
* Make sure this code is compiled with full optimization!!!
*/

#include "delay.h"

void
DelayMs(unsigned char cnt)
{
#if XTAL_FREQ <= 2MHZ
do {
DelayUs(996);
} while(--cnt);
#endif

#if XTAL_FREQ > 2MHZ

unsigned char i;
do {
i = 4;
do {
DelayUs(250);
} while(--i);
} while(--cnt);
#endif
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"usart.h"

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SNG-EC

#include"gps.h"

char day1;
char day2;
char mon1;
char mon2;
char yer1;
char yer2;
char hr1;
char hr2;
char min1;
char min2;

void gps()
{
char aa,bb,cc;
char mm;
RC0=1;
DelayMs(250);
BAUD_RATE=0x33;
DelayMs(250);
while (usart_rx()!='$');
while (usart_rx()!='G');
while (usart_rx()!='P');
while (usart_rx()!='R');
while (usart_rx()!='M');
while (usart_rx()!='C');
mm=usart_rx();
hr1=usart_rx();
hr2=usart_rx();
min1=usart_rx();
min2=usart_rx();
mm=usart_rx();
mm=usart_rx();
for(aa=0;aa<5;aa++)

35
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

{
mm=usart_rx();
}
while (usart_rx()!='A');
mm=usart_rx();
for(aa=0;aa<11;aa++)
{
latitude[aa]=usart_rx();
}
mm=usart_rx();
for(bb=0;bb<12;bb++)
{
longitude[bb]=usart_rx();
}
for(aa=0;aa<=11;aa++)
{
mm=usart_rx();
}
day1=usart_rx();
day2=usart_rx();
mon1=usart_rx();
mon2=usart_rx();
yer1=usart_rx();
yer2=usart_rx();
RC0=0;
DelayMs(250);
BAUD_RATE=0x19;
DelayMs(250);
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"usart.h"
#include"gsmreceive.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"string.h"

36
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

#include"gps.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
void DELAY();
unsigned char bank1 inbox[10];
unsigned char bank1 recmob[14];
char bank1 latitude[11];
char bank1 longitude[12];
char mess_recv()
{
int j=0;
unsigned int i,k;
unsigned char l,sp1,sp2,val,x,qq;

usart_string("AT+CMGR=1");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
label:
qq=usart_rx();
if(qq=='+')
goto jump;
else if(qq=='O')
goto exit;
goto label;
jump:
while(usart_rx()!='C');
while(usart_rx()!='M');
while(usart_rx()!='G');
while(usart_rx()!='R');
while(usart_rx()!=',');
x=usart_rx();
while(1)
{
x=usart_rx();
if(x=='"')
break;

37
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

else
{
recmob[j]=x;
j++;
continue;
}
break;
}
j=0;
while(usart_rx()!=0x0D);
x=usart_rx();
while(1)
{
x=usart_rx();
if(x==0x0D)
break;
else
{
inbox[j]=x;
j++;
continue;
}
break;
}
x=usart_rx();

cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string(" MSG RECEIVED ");
DELAY();
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string(" ");
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("MSG=");
for(i=0;inbox[i]!='\0';i++)
{

38
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

datwrt(inbox[i]);
}
DELAY();
if(strcmp(inbox,"track")==0)
{
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string(" TRACKING.... ");
gps();
usart_string("AT+CMGS=\"");
for(i=0;recmob[i]!='\0';i++)
{
usart_trx(recmob[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
usart_string("\"");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(50);
usart_string("Vehicle Tracked!!, Location:-");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(100);
for(i=0;i<11;i++)
{
usart_trx(latitude[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
usart_trx(longitude[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);

39
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

usart_trx(0x1A);
DelayMs(50);
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
while(usart_rx()!='O');
while(usart_rx()!='K');

usart_string("AT+CMGD=1");
usart_trx(0X0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0X0A);
DELAY();
}

else
{

cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("wrong command!!");
usart_string("AT+CMGS=\"");
for(i=0;recmob[i]!='\0';i++)
{
usart_trx(recmob[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
usart_string("\"");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(50);
usart_string("Wrong Command!!");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x1A);
DelayMs(50);

40
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
while(usart_rx()!='O');
while(usart_rx()!='K');
DelayMs(50);
usart_string("AT+CMGD=1");
usart_trx(0X0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0X0A);
DELAY();
}
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string(" MSG SENT ");
exit:
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
DelayMs(250);
}

void DELAY()
{
int xxxx;
for(xxxx=0;xxxx<32;xxxx++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"usart.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"gps.h"
extern char bank1 latitude[11];
extern char bank1 longitude[12];

41
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

void gsm_init() //GSM Initialisation

{
int ccc;
usart_string("AT");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(100);

usart_string("AT");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
while(usart_rx()!='O');
while(usart_rx()!='K');
DelayMs(100);

usart_string("AT");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
while(usart_rx()!='O');
while(usart_rx()!='K');
DelayMs(100);

usart_string("AT+CMGF=1");
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
while(usart_rx()!='O');
while(usart_rx()!='K');
for(ccc=0;ccc<=8;ccc++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}

42
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

return;
}

void mess_send()
{
int i;
gps();
BAUD_RATE=0x19;
TRANSMIT_ENABLE=SET;

usart_string("AT+CMGS=\"+919790673734\"");

usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(50);

usart_string("ACCIDENT!! OCCURED AT ");

for(i=0;i<11;i++)
{
usart_trx(latitude[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
usart_trx(longitude[i]);
DelayMs(50);
}
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);
usart_trx(0x1A);
DelayMs(50);
usart_trx(0x0D);
DelayMs(5);

43
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(250);

return;
}
#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"

void lcd_init()
{
TRISB=0x00;
cmdwrt(0x28);
cmdwrt(0x28);
cmdwrt(0x28);
cmdwrt(0x06);
cmdwrt(0x0F);
cmdwrt(0x01);
}

void cmdwrt(char a)
{
char c;
c=a;
a=(a&0xF0)>>4;
PORTB=a;
RB6=0;
RB5=0;
RB4=1;
DelayUs(10);
RB4=0;
DelayUs(1);

a=(c&0x0F);
PORTB=a;
RB6=0;

44
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

RB5=0;
RB4=1;
DelayUs(10);
RB4=0;
DelayMs(15);
}

void datwrt(char b)
{
char c;
c=b;
b=(b&0xF0)>>4;
PORTB=b;
RB6=1;
RB5=0;
RB4=1;
DelayUs(10);
RB4=0;
DelayUs(1);

b=(c&0x0F);
PORTB=b;
RB6=1;
RB5=0;
RB4=1;
DelayUs(10);
RB4=0;
DelayMs(15);

void LCD_string(const char *DATA)

{
while(*DATA)
{
datwrt(*DATA);

45
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

DATA++;

}
DATA=0;
return;
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"usart.h"
#include"gsmreceive.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"string.h"
#include"gps.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
char bank1 inbox[10];
char bank1 recmob[14];
void main()
{
usart_init();
mess_recv();
while(1);
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
#include"usart.h"
void main()
{
char aa;
int count=0;
usart_init();
lcd_init();
while(1)

46
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

{
aa=usart_rx();
datwrt(aa);
count++;
if(count==15)
{
cmdwrt(0X01);
count=0;
}
}
}
#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"usart.h"
char e;
unsigned int i;
/*USART Initialisation*/
void usart_init()
{
TRANSMIT_PIN=CLEAR;
RECEIVE_PIN=SET;
BAUD_TYPE=SET;
BAUD_RATE=0x19;
SERIAL_PORT=SET;
RECEIVE_ENABLE=SET;
TRANSMIT_ENABLE=SET;
}

/* USART transmission function*/

void usart_trx( char xx)

{
TRANSMIT_REGISTER=xx;
while(TRANSMIT_FLAG==CLEAR);

47
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

void usart_string(const char *DATA)

{
while(*DATA)
{
TRANSMIT_REGISTER=*DATA;
while(TRANSMIT_FLAG==CLEAR);
DelayMs(50);
DATA++;
}
return;
}

/*USART reception function*/

char usart_rx()
{
char yy;
if(OVER_RUN==1)
{
OVER_RUN=CLEAR;
RECEIVE_ENABLE=CLEAR;
DelayUs(5);
RECEIVE_ENABLE=SET;
}
while(RECEIVE_FLAG==CLEAR);
yy=RECEIVE_REGISTER;
return yy;
}
#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"

48
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

#include"usart.h"
#include"gsmreceive.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
void flags(void);
void read(void);
void check();
char nn,q,t;
unsigned char bank1 inbox[10];
unsigned char bank1 recmob[14];
char bank1 pp;
char jj;
void main()
{
char a,b,c,i,d;

TRISC0=0;
RC0=0;
TRISC1=1;
RC1=0;
TRISC2=0;
TRISC3=0;
TRISC4=0;
TRISC5=0;
lcd_init();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string(" BLACK BOX");
usart_init();
gsm_init();
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
while(1);

for(a=0;a<16;a++)
DelayMs(250);
while(1)

49
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

{
mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("RECORDING...");
if(RC1==1)
goto read;
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
RC2=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
//*********************************
mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("RECORDING...");
if(RC1==1)
goto read;
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
RC3=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
//********************************
mess_recv();

50
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("RECORDING...");
if(RC1==1)
goto read;
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
RC4=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
//*****************************
mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("RECORDING...");
if(RC1==1)
goto read;
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
RC5=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
//******************************

}
read:

51
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("ACCIDENT!!!..");
mess_send();
RC1=0;
check();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("READING...");

while(1)
{
pp=usart_rx();
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
if(pp=='1')
{
RC2=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
}
else if(pp=='2')
{
RC3=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);

52
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
}
else if(pp=='3')
{
RC4=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
}
else if(pp=='4')
{
RC5=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC5=1;
}

}//main end

53
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

void check()
{
BAUD_RATE=0x19;
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("ENTER PC MODE..");
while(usart_rx()!='%');
usart_trx('#');
DelayMs(50);
return;
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"string.h"
#include"usart.h"
#include"gsmreceive.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"gps.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
void flags(void);
int flag1=0,flag2=0;
char nn,q,t;
unsigned char bank1 latitude[11];
unsigned char bank1 longitude[12];
unsigned char bank1 inbox[5];
unsigned char bank1 recmob[13];
char bank1 pp;
void main()
{
char a,b,c,i,d;

TRISC0=0;
RC0=0;
TRISC1=1;
RC1=0;
TRISC2=0;

54
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

TRISC3=0;
TRISC4=0;
TRISC5=0;

lcd_init();
usart_init();
gsm_init();

RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
flag1=0;
flag2=0;
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("B");

for(a=0;a<16;a++)
DelayMs(250);

RCIE=1;
PEIE=1;
GIE=1;
while(1)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("RECORDING...");
flags();
if(flag1==1)
{
flag1=0;
break;
}
if(RC1==1)
{
GIE=0;

55
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

RCIE=0;
mess_send();
RC1=0;
GIE=1;
RCIE=1;
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
RC2=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
flags();
if(flag1==1)
{
flag1=0;
break;
}
if(RC1==1)
{
GIE=0;
RCIE=0;
mess_send();
RC1=0;
GIE=1;
RCIE=1;
}
RC3=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{

56
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
flags();
if(flag1==1)
{
flag1=0;
break;
}
if(RC1==1)
{
GIE=0;
RCIE=0;
mess_send();
RC1=0;
GIE=1;
RCIE=1;
}
RC4=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
flags();
if(flag1==1)
{
flag1=0;

57
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

break;
}
if(RC1==1)
{
GIE=0;
RCIE=0;
mess_send();
RC1=0;
GIE=1;
RCIE=1;
}
RC5=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=RC3=RC4=RC5=1;
DelayMs(10);
flags();
if(flag1==1)
{
flag1=0;
break;
}
if(RC1==1)
{
GIE=0;
RCIE=0;
mess_send();
RC1=0;
GIE=1;
RCIE=1;
}

58
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

while(1)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("READING...");
GIE=0;
pp=usart_rx();
if(pp=='1')
{
RC2=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC2=1;
}
if(pp=='2')
{
RC3=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC3=1;
}
if(pp=='3')

59
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

{
RC4=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC4=1;
}
if(pp=='4')
{
RC5=0;
for(b=0;b<9;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<3;a++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}
RC5=1;
}
flag1=0;
}
}

static void interrupt usart(void)

{
if(RCIF==1)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("BAD");

60
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

for(t=0;t<9;t++)
{
for(q=0;q<3;q++)
{
DelayMs(250);
}
}

// nn=RECEIVE_REGISTER;
// if(nn=='+')
// {
// cmdwrt(0x01);
// cmdwrt(0x80);
// LCD_string("INT");
// mess_recv();
// flag2=1;
//
// }
// else //if(nn=='%')
// {
//
// // usart_trx('#');
// // flag1=1;
// }
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("BADesss");

RCIF=0;
}
}

void flags()
{
int i;

61
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

if(flag2==1)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("CHK");
RCIF=0;
if(strcmp(inbox,"track")==0)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("TRACKING...");
gps();
GIE=0;
RCIE=0;
usart_string("AT+CMGS=\"");
for(i=0;i<=12;i++)
{
usart_trx(recmob[i]);
}
usart_string("\"");
usart_trx(0x0D);
usart_trx(0x0A);
for(i=0;i<11;i++)
{
usart_trx(latitude[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
usart_trx(longitude[i]);
}
usart_trx(0x0D);
usart_trx(0x1A);
usart_trx(0x0D);
usart_trx(0x0A);
DelayMs(250);
GIE=1;

62
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

RCIE=1;

else
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("wrong command!!");
}
flag2=0;
}

#include"pic.h"
#include"delay.h"
#include"lcd_4.h"
#include"adc.h"
#include"gps.h"
#include"gsmreceive.h"
#include"gsmsend.h"
#include"usart.h"
extern char bank1 latitude[11];
extern char bank1 longitude[12];
char bank1 decimal2[2];
char q;

void events()
{
char a=0,b=0;
int tempr=0,l;
adc(0,0);
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);

63
Vehicle black box
SNG-EC

LCD_string("TEMPERATURE=");
datwrt(decimal2[1]);
datwrt(decimal2[0]);
datwrt(' ');
a=decimal2[1]-0x30;
b=decimal2[0]-0x30;
tempr=(a*10)+(b*1);
if(tempr>50||RA1==1||RC1==1)
{
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("ACCIDENT OCCURED");
mess_send();
while(RA3==0);
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
for(l=0;l<11;l++)
{
datwrt(latitude[l]);
}
cmdwrt(0xC0);
for(l=0;l<12;l++)
{
datwrt(longitude[l]);
}
while(1)
{
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
DelayMs(100);
RC2=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
DelayMs(100);
RC3=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;

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DelayMs(100);
RC5=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
}
}
}
void main()
{
int l;
TRISA1=1;
TRISA2=1;
TRISA3=1;
TRISC1=1;
TRISC0=0;
TRISC2=0;
TRISC3=0;
TRISC5=0;
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
RA1=0; // gas sensor
RA2=0; // alchahol sensor
RA3=0; // apr retreving switch
RC1=0; // accident trigger
RC0=0; // relay
lcd_init();
usart_init();
cmdwrt(0x01);
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string(" BLACK BOX ");
gsm_init();
cmdwrt(0x80);
LCD_string("GSM INITIALIZED");
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
for(l=0;l<16;l++) DelayMs(250);
while(1)
{
events();

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mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("RECORDING PIN 1");
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
DelayMs(100);
RC2=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
//*********************************
events();
mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("RECORDING PIN 2");
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
DelayMs(100);
RC3=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
//********************************
events();
mess_recv();
cmdwrt(0xC0);
LCD_string("RECORDING PIN 3");
RC2=RC3=RC5=1;
DelayMs(100);
RC5=0;
for(l=0;l<21;l++) DelayMs(250);
}
}

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CHAPTER-6

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PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a piece of art. The performance of

an electronic circuit depends on the layout and design of PCB. A
PCB mechanically supports and connects components by
conductive pathways, etched from copper sheets laminated on to

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insulated substrate. PCB, are used to rotate electrical currents and

signals through copper tracts which are firmly bonded to an
insulating base.

PCB Fabrication involves the following steps:

1. Drawing the layout of the PCB in a paper. The track layout of

the Electronic circuit should be made in such manner that the
paths are in easy routes. It is then transferred to a Mylar sheet.
The sheet is then touched with black ink.

2. The solder side of the Mylar sheet is placed on the shiny side
of the five- Star sheet and is placed in a frame. Then it is exposed
to sunlight with Mylar sheet facing the sunlight.

3. The exposed five-star sheet is put in Hydrogen Peroxide

solution. Then it is put in hot water and shook till unexposed
region becomes transparent.

4. This is put in cold water and then the rough side is stuck on to
the silk screen. This is then pressed and dried well.

5. The plastic sheet of the five-star sheet is removed leaving the

pattern on the screen.

6. A copper clad sheet is cut to the size and cleaned. This is

placed under screen.

7. As it resistant ink if spread on the screen so that a pattern of

tracks and a pad is obtained on a copper clad sheet. It is then
dried.

8. The dried sheet is then etched using Ferric Chloride solution

(32Baume) till all the unwanted Copper is etched away. Swish the
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board to keep the each fluid moving. Lift up the PCB and check
whether all the unwanted Copper is removed. Etching is done by
immersing the marked Copper clad in Ferric Chloride solution.
After that the etched sheet is dried.

9. The unwanted resist ink is removed using Sodium Hydroxide

solution Holes are then dried.

PCB PARAMETERS

Copper thickness - 72mil (1mm=39.37mils)

Track width - 60mil

Clearance - 60mil

Pad width - 86mil

Pad height - 86mil

Pad shape - Oval

Pad hole size - 25mil

On board - Through

Hole size - 0.9mm (36mil)

Base -Paper phenolic, Hylam

PCB Quality - FRC4

PCB LAYOUT

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DIAGRAM FOR COMPONENT PLACING

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CHAPTER-7

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

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 The system is a very cost effective and scientific approach to security

of vehicles.
 The module provides information like, a recorded audio that contains
the noises, including the speech of the people inside the cabin. This
brings forth strong evidence pointing to the cause of the accident.
 When the accident occurs, the module alerts the accident to preset
mobile numbers stored in it.
 The alert message includes the location in latitude and longitude,
thus the location of the accident can be easily understood for quick
rescue.
 The module contains a data retrieve button. After the accident, the
module is recovered and the details like position of the vehicle on
accident is displayed on the LCD display and the recorded voice is
played back through the speaker on the same module.
 Flaw less technologies like GSM and GPS which created
revolution in communication is used, these technologies makes the
system more reliable.
DISADVANTAGES

 Creating record setup for a long duration is very costly since the
recording IC is costly.
 The GSM module will not function where network coverage is not
there

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CHAPTER -8

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CONCLUSIONS

Accidents are common in these days as the number of vehicles is increased. What
ever traffic rules have been introduced, it could not be eliminated, but was able to
reduce up to some extent. Research activities are going on to decrease it further.
Many new safety standards are being introduced. Black box is an advanced
technology used for recording the data inside the aircraft cabin for accident
detection and for further investigations. We are also trying to make a system which
can be a safety standard in coming years. Our aim is to implement the same in
automobiles. The black box circuit will continuously record the relevant data for
stipulated time duration. When an accident occurs the recording gets stopped.
Proper sensor devices are connected along with the system for detecting the
accident. The accident spot is located using the GPS module and a emergency
message is sent to pre-stored number. Thus the accident spot can be found and
relief can be brought to them on time. Many a times people die because of belated
medical help. This can be avoided using our project. There are many flaws in
today’s safety systems. In case of any theft the vehicle can be tracked by our
system. Our system is a great help for research activities related to increase the
safety standards. Days are not far when one can see vehicles equipped with this
system surfing through the roads and of course with fewer accidents and easily
available relief.

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CHAPTER -9

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REFERENCE

• www.electronicsforu.com

• www.example projects.com

• www.constructionofpojects .com

• www.studyelectronics .com

• www.electroniccomponents .com

• Electronics For You Magazine

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CHAPTER -10

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APPENDIX

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