Toufan Esmaili Assignment #1 21 November 2010

1.3.d)

1 𝑛
𝑥1 𝑛 = 2
𝑢𝑛

2 2
+∞ 2 +∞ 1 𝑛 +∞ 1 𝑛 4
𝐸∞ = −∞ |𝑥1 𝑛 = −∞ 2
𝑢𝑛 = 0 2
=3

1 1 4
𝑃∞ = lim𝑁→∞ 2𝑁+1 𝐸∞ = lim𝑁→∞ 2𝑁+1 × 3
= 0

1.3.e)
𝜋 𝜋
𝑗 +
𝑥2 𝑛 = 𝑒 2𝑛 8

𝜋 𝜋 2
𝑒𝑗
+∞ 2 +∞ + +∞ 2
𝐸∞ = −∞ |𝑥2 𝑛 = = −∞ 1 =∞
2𝑛 8
−∞

𝜋 𝜋 2
1 1 1
𝑃∞ = lim𝑁→∞ 𝐸
2𝑁+1 ∞
= lim𝑁→∞
2𝑁+1
+𝑁
−𝑁 𝑒𝑗 +
2𝑛 8 = lim𝑁→∞
2𝑁+1
+𝑁 2
−𝑁 1 =
1
lim𝑁→∞ 2𝑁+1 × 2𝑁 + 1 = 1

1.3.f)

𝜋
𝑥3 𝑛 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4
𝑛

𝜋 2
+∞ 2 +∞
𝐸∞ = −∞ |𝑥3 𝑛 = −∞ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛 = ∞
4

𝜋 2
1 1 +𝑁 1 +𝑁 2 π
𝑃∞ = lim𝑁→∞ 𝐸
2𝑁+1 ∞
= lim𝑁→∞
2𝑁+1 −𝑁 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4
𝑛 = lim𝑁→∞
2𝑁+1 −𝑁 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4
n =
𝜋
1 1+𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛 1
+𝑁 2
lim𝑁→∞ 2𝑁+1 −𝑁 2
= 2
1.6.b)

𝑥2 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 + 𝑢 −𝑛
1.6.c)
+∞
𝑥3 𝑛 = 𝑘=−∞ 𝛿 𝑛 − 4𝑘 − 𝛿 𝑛 − 1 − 4𝑘

1.8.b)
𝑗𝜋
𝑥2 𝑡 = 2𝑒 4 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝑡 + 2𝜋

2 2
𝑥2 𝑡 = 2 +𝑗 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝑡 + 2𝜋
2 2

𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑥2 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝑡

𝐴 = 1, 𝛼 = 0, 𝜔 = 3, 𝜙 = 0

1.8.d)

−2+𝑗 100 𝑡
𝑥4 𝑡 = 𝑗𝑒

𝑥4 = 𝑗𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠100𝑡 + 𝑗𝑆𝑖𝑛100𝑡 = 𝑗𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠100𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛100𝑡

𝜋
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑥4 𝑡 = −𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 100𝑡 = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 100𝑡 + 𝜋 = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 100𝑡 + 2

𝜋
𝐴 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝜔 = 100, 𝜙 = 2

1.9.b)

−1+𝑗 𝑡
𝑥2 𝑡 = 𝑒
 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑡 = 𝑒 −1+𝑗 𝑡+𝑇
→ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑡 𝑒 −𝑇 𝑒 𝑗𝑇 → 𝑒 𝑇 = 𝑒 𝑗𝑇 → 𝑇 = 0 → 𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐

1.9.d)
1
𝑗 3𝜋 𝑛 +
2
𝑥4 𝑛 = 3𝑒 5

3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
𝑗 𝜋 𝑛+ 𝑗 𝜋 𝑁+𝑛+
3𝑒 5 2 = 3𝑒 5 2 → 3𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜋 5 𝑒 𝑗𝜋 10 = 3𝑒 𝑁𝑗𝜋 5 𝑒 𝑛𝑗𝜋 5 𝑒 𝑗𝜋 10 → 𝑒 𝑁𝑗𝜋 5 = 1 → 𝑒 𝑁𝑗𝜋 5

3
3 3 3 2𝜋 10
𝑒 𝑗𝑁𝜋 5 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑁𝜋 5 + 𝑗𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑁𝜋 5 → 5 𝜋𝑁 = 2𝜋 → 𝑁 = 𝑘 3 →𝑁=𝑘 3
𝜋
5

If we choose k = 3 then N is 10 (N must be a discrete Number) So N=10

1.9.e)
3 1
𝑗 𝑛+
𝑥5 𝑛 = 3𝑒 5 2

3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3
3𝑒 𝑗𝑛 5 𝑒 𝑗 10 = 3𝑒 𝑗 5 𝑛 𝑒 𝑗 5 𝑁 𝑒 𝑗 10 → 𝑒 𝑗 5𝑁 = 1 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 5
𝑁 + 𝑗𝑆𝑖𝑛 5
𝑁 →
𝑁 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 → 𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐

1.16.a ) No, it is not memoryless. Y[n] is depend on x[n-2]

1.16.b) 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝛿 𝑛 𝛿 𝑛 − 2 = 0 (in any case 𝛿 𝑛 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝛿 𝑛 − 2 = 0)

1.16.c) No, It is not. Like last part, there is function that y[n] is always 0.

1.17.a) No, it is not casual. Output maybe depend on future value of x[t].

1.17.b) Yes, it is Linear.

As explained at page 54 of text book :

We have 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 𝑡 , 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠:

𝑥1 𝑡 → 𝑦1 𝑡 = 𝑥1 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑡

𝑥2 𝑡 → 𝑦2 𝑡 = 𝑥2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑡

And consider 𝑥3 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑥2 (𝑡)

Then : 𝑦3 𝑡 = 𝑥3 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑥2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑦1 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑦2 (𝑡)

1.19.b)

it is not linear!
 We have 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 𝑡 , 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠:

𝑥1 𝑛 → 𝑦1 𝑛 = 𝑥12 𝑛 − 2

𝑥2 𝑛 → 𝑦2 𝑛 = 𝑥22 𝑛 − 2

A linear combination of last 2 inputs:

𝑥3 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥2 𝑛

𝑦3 𝑛 = 𝑥32 𝑛 − 2 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑛 − 2 + 𝑏𝑥2 𝑛 − 2 2

≠ 𝑎𝑦1 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑦2 [𝑛]

------------------------------------------

It is time-invariant!

𝑦1 𝑛 = 𝑥12 𝑛 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 𝑛 − 𝑛0 = 𝑥12 𝑛 − 𝑛0 − 2

We shift it and generate :

𝑦2 = 𝑥22 𝑛 − 2

𝑥2 [𝑛] = 𝑥1 𝑛 − 𝑛0 → 𝑦2 𝑛 = 𝑥12 𝑛 − 𝑛0 − 2

So: 𝒚𝟐 𝒏 = 𝒚𝟏 [𝒏 − 𝒏𝟎 ]

1.19.c)

It is linear!

We have 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 𝑡 , 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠:

𝑥1 𝑛 → 𝑦1 𝑛 = 𝑥1 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑥1 [𝑛 − 1]

𝑥2 𝑛 → 𝑦2 𝑛 = 𝑥2 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑥2 [𝑛 − 1]

A linear combination of last 2 inputs:

𝑥3 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥2 𝑛

𝑦3 𝑛 = 𝑥3 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑥3 𝑛 − 1 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑛 + 1 + 𝑏𝑥2 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑎𝑥1 𝑛 − 1 −

𝑏𝑥2 𝑛 − 1 = 𝑎𝑦1 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑦2 𝑛

------------------------------------------

It is time-invariant!

𝑦1 𝑛 = 𝑥1 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑥1 𝑛 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 𝑛 − 𝑛0 = 𝑥1 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑛0 − 𝑥1 [𝑛 − 1 − 𝑛0 ]

We shift it and generate:

 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑥2 𝑛 − 1

𝑥2 [𝑛] = 𝑥1 𝑛 − 𝑛0 → 𝑦2 𝑛 = 𝑥1 𝑛 + 1 − 𝑛0 − 𝑥1 𝑛 − 1 − 𝑛0

So: 𝒚𝟐 𝒏 = 𝒚𝟏 [𝒏 − 𝒏𝟎 ]

1.21.d)
1.21.e)
1.22.d)

1.22.e)