DEVELOPMENT

OF SOCIOLOGY
AND
ANTHROPOLOGY
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• It started as a practical activity of
colonizers in the service of Christianity
and the Spanish Government.
• Ethnographic data were provided by the
early chroniclers like Pigafetta, Loarca,
Placencia, Fr. Chirino.
• They write the early cultures and society in
the rediscovered archipelago which was
named Filipinas in honor of King Philip II
of Spain.
 ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Frenchman Alfred Marche – led
archeological explorations in the 19th
century.
• It was followed by the American
government which became interested in
the various ethnic groups in the country.
• Ethnological Survey of the Philippines
– replaced the Bureau of Non- Christian
tribes.
 ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Otley Beyer (1914) – elevated
anthropology as an academic discipline at
the University of the Philippines.

• It was offered as one of the courses in the

department of history, and later on,
merged with sociology.
 ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Anthropology prospered as a distinct
course in Philippine schools.
• Schools who has doctorate degree in
the early years were:
- University of San Carlos (Cebu)
- Ateneo de Manila University
- Xavier University (Cagayan de
Oro City)
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Fr. Valentin Marin – introduced sociology
in the Philippines in 1896 as a course on
criminology at the University of Santo
Tomas.

• In 1919, Sociology were introduced at

Siliman University and the Theological
Seminary.
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Serafin Macaraig – first Filipino to
receive a doctorate degree in
sociology in 1939.

• Introduction to Sociology –
became the first text in the
University of the Philippines written
by Serafin Macaraig.
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
SOCIOLOGISTS after Macaraig were:
• Juan Ruiz – offered courses in social
work in the University of the Philippines.

• Prof. Marcelo Tangco – succeeded Dr.

Macaraig.
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Flora Diaz Catapusan – invited to teach
sociology at the Centro Escolar University
in 1946

• Dr. Benicio Catapusan – invited to serve

as a professional lecturer in sociology at
the University of the Philippines in 1948
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Philippine Sociological Society – was
organized by a group of Filipino educators
and visiting professors in the different
regions.

Its objectives are:

• To increase knowledge about social
behavior
• To gather data on social problems for their
possible solutions
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• To train teachers and researches in the
field of sociology

• To develop cooperation and unity among

social scientists in the Philippines.

• 1960 – the Research Foundation of

Philippine Anthropology and
Archeology was established
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Philippine Social Science Council – in 1968 it
was formed to consolidate the Philippine social
science resources whose objectives are:

• To promote the quality and relevance of social

science researches

• To improve teaching skills in social science

• To finance researches along the social sciences

• To encourage social science publications

 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Factors and Stages in the development of
sociology in the Philippines in the words of
Catapusan and Catapusan:

• Considerable efforts have been made to

define and to determine the fields of
sociology

• There are considerable specializations in

subject matter and in approach
 SOCIOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Sociological principles are being employed
in the analysis of an increasing number of
social situations

• The study of various problems led to

discovering, refining, and perfecting new
methods of sociological investigations.
 SOCIOLOGY-
ANTHROPOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• 1960’s and 1970’s – researches were
undertaken along different aspects of
social and cultural life

Source: Palispis, Epitacio S., Introduction to

Sociology and Anthropology. Manila: Rex
Printing Company, Inc., 1996