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POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
ABOUT THE COMPANY BUSINESS
Celvol® polyvinyl alcohols are produced at our four world-scale plants, including this one at Calvert City,
Kentucky.
1
RENEWED COMMITMENT TO
THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
MARKET
Fully equipped laboratories provide a wide range of research and application support activities.
2
CELVOL POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
COMMITMENT TO QUALITY PRODUCT LINE
Celanese is committed to continued Celvol polyvinyl alcohol is manufac- offer a number of advantages in emulsion
quality improvements. This commitment tured from vinyl acetate monomer via a of polymerization and applications
starts at executive levels and extends multistep process. VAM is polymerized including improved water solubility and
throughout the organization. The quality into polyvinyl acetate and then lower foaming.
improvements apply not only to actual converted to polyvinyl alcohol (see
product issues, but also to service and process schematic below). Celvol polyvinyl alcohol S-grades are
support issues as well. similar to standard grades, but have a fine
Standard Grades particle size so that 99+% of the product
Statistical quality control (SQC) programs Individual Celvol polyvinyl alcohol will pass through a U.S.S. 80-mesh screen.
were initially implemented at our Calvert grades vary in molecular weight and These grades are available commercially as
City, Kentucky, facility in 1980. These degree of hydrolysis. Molecular weight Celvol 203S, 205S, 523S, and 540S polyvi-
programs evolved into statistical process is generally expressed in terms of nyl alcohols. Due tho their fine particle
control (SPC) schemes, that began in the solution viscosity. The viscosities are size, S-grades have a tendency to agglom-
1988 time frame. classified as ultra low, low, medium, and erate and form soft compression lumps
high, while degree of hydrolysis is during storage. The soft compression
Today, Celanese polyvinyl alcohol plants commonly denoted as super, fully, lumps will usually break apart upon
utilize advanced computer controlled intermediate and partially hydrolyzed. further processing - such as dry blending
production technology, providing A wide range of standard grades is with inorganics like calcium carbonate,
polyvinyl alcohol of the highest quality. available. gypsum and cement.
Sophisticated SQC and SPC systems
produce excellent lot-to-lot consistency Specialty Grades Tackified Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are
and product uniformity. And, in a In addition to Celanese’s standard produced by controlled boration of super
continuing commitment to total quality, product line, several specialty grades are hydrolyzed and fully hydrolyzed grades.
our plants in Calvert City, Kentucky and available including polyvinyl alcohol for These borated alcohols yield viscous
Pasadena, Texas are ISO 9002 certified - a emulsion polymerization, fine particle aqueous solutions which have a tailored
definition of quality that is recognized size and tackified grades. degree of tack and, when applied onto
worldwide. surfaces such as paper, significantly reduce
Celvol 805, 823, and 840 polyvinyl penetration.
alcohols are improved versions of our
standard polymerization grades -
Celvol 205, 523, and 540 polyvinyl
alcohols, respectively. These products
Bags Bulk
3
Chemical Reactions Crosslinking lizers are available. They include several
Polyvinyl alcohol reacts in a manner All polyvinyl alcohol grades are cross- classes: (1) aldehydes, of which glyoxal, a
similar to other secondary polyhydric linkable through their secondary simple dialdehyde, is the most common,
alcohols. Esterification reactions of hydroxyl functionality. Even lower along with the higher aldehydes, such as
polyvinyl alcohol can be carried out with a hydrolysis grades - which are so excep- gluteraldehyde and hydroxyadipaldehyde;
number of compounds. A commercially tional on paper surfaces for oil, grease (2) thermosetting resins, such as urea-
important reaction is the formation of and organic solvent resistance and formaldehyde and melamineformalde-
tackified PVOH using boric acid or borax Gurley porosity - can be made water hyde; and (3) salts of multi-valent anions,
to form cyclic esters This reaction is very resistant. Degree of water resistance such as zirconium ammonium carbonates.
sensitive to pH, and an insoluble gel is vary from grade to grade. The table
formed above 4.5-5.0. below shows the effect of glyoxal, a More recently, there has emerged a
Other esterification reactions include commonly used and favored crosslinker growing interest in zero-formaldehyde, or
those with chloroformate ester to yield for polyvinyl alcohol. When glyoxal was low-formaldehyde-type crosslinkers. Two
poly(vinyl carbonate), urea to yield added to Celvol grades 540, 350, and 165 such products are Polycup 172, a water
polymeric carbamate ester, and with polyvinyl alcohol at 20% dry-on-dry, soluble, polyamide-epichlorohydrin-type
isocyanates to form substituted carbamate significant water resistance improve- resin, and Bacote-20, a zirconium ammo-
esters. ments resulted. Note that the wet tensile nium carbonate salt. The results in the
of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol table below indicate that the addition of
Another commercially important reaction increased from no measurable wet Polycup172 to Celvol 165 polyvinyl
is the acetylization with aldehydes. strength uncrosslinked to 6.1 pli when alcohol at 5% dry/dry parts was as
Polyvinyl butyral is produced by the crosslinked. Also, the wet tensile of effective as glyoxal added at 20%, both
reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with butyral- crosslinked Celvol 350 polyvinyl alcohol resulting in a 36% wet tensile improve-
dehyde and is used in the production of was more than double that of uncross- ment. The addition of 5% Bacote-20
the inner adhesive film for safety glass. linked Celvol 350, and crosslinked resulted in an 11% wet tensile improve-
Reaction with dialdehydes such as glyoxal Celvol 165 polyvinyl alcohol was 28% ment.
or gluteraldehyde can be used to crosslink higher than uncrosslinked Celvol 165.
polyvinyl alcohol. Other reactions include
ethoxylation, propoxylation and cyanoe- A vast array of crosslinkers or insolubi-
thoxylation.
5
CELVOL POLYVINYL
ALCOHOL
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
STANDARD GRADES
Grade Hydrolysis, % Viscosity, cps1 pH2 Volatiles, % Max Ash, % Max5
Super Hydrolyzed Total3 VOC4
Celvol 125 99.3+ 28-32 5.5-7.5 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 165 99.3+ 62-72 5.5-7.5 5 0.9 1.20
Fully Hydrolyzed
Celvol 103 98.0-98.8 3.5-4.5 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 305 98.0-98.8 4.5-5.5 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 107 98.0-98.8 5.5-6.6 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 310 98.0-98.8 9.0-11.0 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 325 98.0-98.8 28.0-32.0 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Celvol 350 98.0-98.8 62-72 5.0-7.0 5 0.9 1.20
Intermediate Hydrolyzed
Celvol 418 91.0-93.0 14.5-19.5 4.5-7.0 5 0.9 0.90
Celvol 425 95.5-96.5 27-31 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.90
Celvol 443 92.0-94.0 53.0-63.0 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.90
Partially Hydrolyzed
Celvol 502 87.0-89.0 3.0-3.7 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.90
Celvol 203 87.0-89.0 3.5-4.5 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.90
Celvol 504 87.0-89.0 4.0-5.0 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.70
Celvol 205 87.0-89.0 5.2-6.2 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.70
Celvol 513 86.0-89.0 13-15 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.70
Celvol 523 87.0-89.0 23-27 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.50
Celvol 540 87.0-89.0 45-55 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.50
SPECIALTY GRADES
Warp Size
Celvol WS-724 91.0-95.5 13.0-24.0 4.0-7.0 5 >1 1.20
Celvol WS-53NF 86.0-90.0 18.5-29.0 4.0-7.0 5 >1 1.20
Polymerization
Celvol 805 87.0-89.0 5.2-6.2 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.70
Celvol 823 87.0-89.0 23-27 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.50
Celvol 840 87.0-89.0 45-55 4.5-6.5 5 0.9 0.50
Fine Particle (S-Grades)
Celvol 203S8 87.0-89.0 3.5-4.5 4.5-6.5 5 >1 0.90
Celvol 205S 87.0-90.0 5.2-6.2 4.5-6.5 5 >1 0.70
Celvol 523S 87.0-90.0 23-27 4.5-6.5 5 >1 0.50
Celvol 540S 87.0-90.0 45-55 4.5-6.5 5 >1 0.50
Tackified
Grade Viscosity, cps6 pH7
Celvol HA-70 95-190 4.0-4.7 Derived from Super Hydrolyzed Grades
Celvol MH-82 4200-5900 4.4-4.9
Celvol MM-81 1300-1700 4.4-4.9
Derived from Fully Hydrolyzed Grades
Celvol MM-51 1100-1500 4.4-4.9
Celvol MM-14 245-485 4.4-4.9
1 4% aqueous solution, 20°C. 4 Volatile organic compound reported as methanol. 7 10% aqueous solution, 5% aqueous solution for HA-70
2 4% aqueous solution. 5 As % Na 8 Use of Celvol 203S polyvinyl alcohol is covered by U.S. Patent No. 5,057,570.
2O, corrected volatiles
3 Total volatiles includes water. 6 10%aqueous solution, 25°C; 5% aqueous solution for HA-70
6
Viscosity/Concentration Relationships of Aqueous Celvol Solutions at 20°C
100.000
VISCOSITY IN CENTIPOISES
10.000
1.000
100
10
0
0 4 8 12 16 20
PERCENT CONCENTRATION
High Medium Low Ultra Low
Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity
low high
% HYDROLYSIS
7
SAFETY, HEALTH
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
Solubility is a good gauge of quality in polyvinyl alcohol. Celanese Chemicals’ manufacturing process
provides extremely high quality polyvinyl alcohol.
8
CELVOL POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
SOLUTION PREPARATION
For a complete description of the various Failure to reach the minimum Celvol 805, 823, 840, WS-724 and WS-
methods for preparing Celvol solutions, temperature may result in undissolved 53NF are designed to be used without a
please refer to our Solution Preparation polyvinyl alcohol regardless of cook defoamer.
Guideline brochure (Pub #2001-PVOH- time.
1060). Following is a list of important If solutions are kept for more than 24
highlights: Celvol polyvinyl alcohols cannot be hours, a biocide addition is recommended.
overcooked. However, boiling will
S-grades (fine particle size) are designed induce foam. Celvol polyvinyl alcohols may be jet
for use in dry blends with inorganic cooked. However, unlike starch which
substances such as calcium carbonate, Avoid high speed, small diameter explodes rapidly into colloidal sized
gypsum and cement. (These blends are mixers which may induce air entrain- fragments in a steam jet, Celvol polyvinyl
typically mixed with water at the job site.) ment and create foam. Further, they alcohols will dissolve slowly by shedding
We recommend S-grades not be cooked as may not provided sufficient agitation to layers. Maximizing time in the post-jet
they tend to clump when added directly to the sides of the tank allowing polyvinyl residence coils and providing a holding
water. alcohol particles to settle out and not tank for the polyvinyl alcohol solution
dissolve. after the coils will ensure complete
Celvol polyvinyl alcohols should first be solubility. A 15 minute hold time at 200 oF
dispersed in cold or room temperature A defoamer is generally recom- is recommended.
water using sufficient agitation to mended. Several grades, including
uniformly suspend all particles. (As a
general rule, the surface of the water
should be moving vigorously.)
Information on the uses of Celvol polyvi- Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol - A versatile Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution Prepa-
nyl alcohol products, or assistance with polymer for adhesive applications (Pub ration Guidelines
new applications, is available from our #2002-PVOH-1020). (Pub #2002-PVOH-1060).
11
PRODUCT LINE
APPLICATION MATRIX
STANDARD
GRADES
Super
Hydrolyzed
Celvol 125
Celvol 165
Fully
Hydrolyzed
Celvol 103
Celvol 305
Celvol 107
Celvol 310
Celvol 325
Celvol 350
Intermediate
Hydrolyzed
Celvol 418
Celvol 425
Celvol 443
Partially
Hydrolyzed
Celvol 502
Celvol 203
Celvol 504
Celvol 205
Celvol 513
Celvol 523
Celvol 540
SPECIALTY
GRADES
Warp Size
Celvol WS-724
Celvol WS-53NF
Polymerization
Celvol 805
Celvol 823
Celvol 840
S-Grades
Celvol 203S
Celvol 205S
Celvol 523S
Celvol 540S
Tackified
Celvol HA-70
Celvol MH-82
Celvol MM-81
Celvol MM-51
Celvol MM-14
12
International Offices
North America:
Celanese Chemicals
1601 West LBJ Freeway
Dallas, TX 75234-6034
Tel +1-972-443-8579
Fax +1-972-443-4945
www.celvol.com
info.pvoh@celanese.com
Europe:
Tarragona Manufacturing Plant
Carretera Nacional 340, Km. 1157
Apartado 1388
E - 43080 Tarragona
Spain
Mexico/Latin America:
Grupo Celanese SA
Tecoyotitla 412
Col. Ex-Hacienda de Guadaloupe Chimalistic
01050 Mexico, D.F.
Tel +52-55-5480-9100
Fax +52-55-5480-9185
Asia:
Celanese Pte Ltd. To the best of our knowledge, the information contained
501 Orchard Road herein is accurate. However, neither Celanese nor any of
its affiliates assumes any liability whatsoever for the
#11-01 Wheelock Place accuracy or completeness of the information contained
Singapore 238880 herein. Final determination of suitability of any material
and whether there is any infringement of patents is the
Tel +65-733-1767 sole responsibility of the user. All chemicals may present
unknown health hazards and should be used with
Fax +65-733-1267 caution. Although certain hazards may be described in
this publication, we cannot guarantee that these are the
only hazards that exist. Users of any chemical should
Visit Celvol.com for more information about satisfy themselves by independent investigation of
current scientific and medical knowledge that the
our products. material can be used safely. In addition, no certification or
claim in made as to the status, under any law or
regulation, including but not limited to the toxic
Substances Control Act, of either the chemicals discussed
above or any subsequent polymerization or reaction
products that result from a formulation containing them.