Calculus Summary

Stefan Scriba

This document was produced in LATEX— try and beat this, MSWord!

February 19, 2003

1 The nightmare:
Trigonometric Funct
ion
Hint: Learn the following by heart! :)
s
1.1 Identities

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1
sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x
csc2 x = 1 + cot2 x

sin (x + y) = sin x · cos y + cos x · sin y

cos (x + y) = cos x · cos y − sin x · sin y

sin (−x) = − sin x

cos (−x) = cos x
 
π
sin −x = cos x
2
 
π
cos −x = sin x
2

sin 2x = 2 sin x · cos x

cos 2x = cos2 x − sin2 x
= 2 cos2 x − 1
= 1 − 2 sin2 x

1 − cos 2x
sin2 x =
2
1 + cos 2x
cos2 x =
2

1
 1
sin x · cos y = [sin (x + y) + sin (x − y)]
2
1
sin x · sin y = [cos (x − y) − cos (x + y)]
2
1
cos x · cos y = [cos (x + y) + cos (x − y)]
2

1.2 Derivation

d
sin x = cos x
dx
d
cos x = − sin x
dx
d
tan x = sec2 x
dx
d
cot x = − csc2 x
dx
d
sec x = sec x · tan x
dx
d
csc x = − csc x · cot x
dx

1.3 Derivatives of Inverses

d 1
R 1
dx
arctan x = 1+x2
⇒ R 1+x2
dx = arctan x
d √ 1 √ 1
dx
arcsin x = ⇒ dx = arcsin x
1−x2 1−x 2

1.4 Integration

Z Z
sin x
tan x dx = dx = − log | cos x|
cos x
Z Z
cos x
cot x dx = dx = log | sin x|
sin x
Z
sec x dx = log | sec x + tan x|
Z
csc x dx = − log | csc x + cot x|

This document will be further extended in due time—this should be helpful already!