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· · Astrobiology
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· · Cryobiology

· Ethnobiology
( )
( )
··
·
·
· · Parasitology
Radiobiology ·
··

·
· Astrochemistry
·
·
Geochemistry ·
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· Photochemistry
· Radiochemistry
·
Supramolecular
·

·
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· Geomorphology
· · Glaciology
··
Paleoclimatology · Palynology
·

·
·
( )
·
· Entropy
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Interdisciplinarity
·
Bioethics · · Biogeography
· Biostatistics
·
· Cybernetics
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· ·
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·· Sociobiology
· Transdisciplinarity

Pseudoscience
• , •

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Iowa [6]

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[9]

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[11]

[12]

Southwestern [13]
Utah [14]

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