-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 ÂÆ°dç-•-®Ω’ 2010
Pradhan: Oh, this work is really tiring. We are
working overtime. The work is really
killing us. When will the boss let us
off?
(Ñ °æE Å©-Æ œ-§ÚßË’™« îË≤ÚhçC.
Æ洒ߪ’ç O’J îËÆæ’hØ√oç. Ñ °æE Eïçí¬
îªçÊ°-≤ÚhçC ´’†Lo. ´’† ¶«Æˇ á°æ¤p-úø’-
´-ü¿’-©’-û√úø’?)
Pramukh: Not certainly until the work is fin-
ished and it is to be finished by
tomorrow evening. The boss is hell-
bent on the target date, that is, the
day after tomorrow.
(°æE °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-üΔé¬ ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’, ÅC
Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√-E-éπ-™«x Å®·-§Ú-¢√L. EKgûª
í∫úø’´¤èπ◊ Å®·§Ú-¢√-©E ¶«í¬ °æô’d-ü¿©í¬
ÖØ√oúø’. Ç EKgûª Æ洒ߪ’ç á©’xçúÕ.)
He is hell-bent on a settlement
Pradhan: Why is he so intent on it? What
difference does a week make? I've
heard that the date set is next
Monday.
(Åçûª °æöÀdçÊ°N’ö Çߪ’-†èπ◊? äéπ
¢√®Ω¢Á’iûË ´÷vûªç §ÚßË’-üË-N’öÀ? ÅÆæ©’
´’†ç °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷-LqçC ´îËa ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç
ÅE NØ√o†’.)
Pramukh: That's true, but the boss is deter-
mined to get a pat from his higher-
ups by being the first to get it done,
by finishing it ahead of schedule.
(ÅC Eï¢Ë’. é¬F EKgûª Ææ´’-ߪ’ç-éπçõ‰
´·çüË, ÅD Åçü¿Jéπçõ‰ ´·çüË °æE
°æ‹Jh îË®·ç*, ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©ûÓ ¶μº’ïç
ûªöÀdç--éÓ-¢√-©ØË éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-ߪ’çûÓ ÖØ√oúø’
´’† ¶«Æˇ.)
Pradhan: But we don't find that kind of resolve
in him to reward our efforts suitably.
Good for him to be so set on climb-
ing up the ladder. But does it mean
that he should so trouble us? Why
doesn't he set his mind on pleasing
us too?
(é¬F, ÅüË E¨¡aߪ’ç ´’† v¨¡´’èπ◊ èπÿú≈
ûªT† v°æA-°∂æ©ç É¢√y-©ØË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
´÷vûªç Öçúøü¿’ Çߪ’-†éÀ. Çߪ’† °jéÀ
®√¢√-©ØË éπ%ûª-E-¨¡aߪ’ç î√™« ´’ç*üË.
Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ-´’E ´’†Lo É™« É•sçC
°ôdúøç Ææ•-¶‰Ø√? ´’†èπÿ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπL-
Tç-î√-©ØË N≠æߪ’ç™ Ç E¨¡a-ߪ’ûªyç
ÖçúøüΔ?)
D.Srinivas Reddy, Narsapur.
Q. Sir, please clarify these doubts
1. Bring down the curtain on,
2. In the wake of, 3. Put his
paper, 4. The gods laughed their
way to the bank, 5. It is learnt,
6. Stock of the situation,
7. Malafide, 8. Development, 9.
Base, 10. stake holders.
A. É´Fo î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† idioms/ phrasal
verbs. OöÀ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ´’ç*
English ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ’©’-¢Áj† ´÷®Ω_ç.
1) Bring down the curtain on = ´·Tç-îªúøç
The defeat of the ruling party has brought
down the curtain on six years of misrule
and corruption = áEo-éπ™x ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω-°æéπ~ ãôN’
ÇÍ®∞¡x ü¿’≠æd §ƒ©-†èπÿ, ÅN-FAéÀ Åçûªç °æL-éÀçC.
Bring the curtain down - Ø√ôéπç Å®·-§Ú-®·-
†-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ®Ω Cçîªúøç
2) a) In the wake of = ¢Áç•úË/ ü¿J-N’™«
There have been loud protests in the wake
of the Emmar Properties scam = Emmar
Properties èπ◊ç¶μº-éÓ-ù«©’ ¢Á©’-í∫’-™éÀ ´*a†
¢ÁçôØË í∫öÀd E®Ω-Æ憩’ NE-°œç-î√®·.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Pramukh: That he should, of course. That
apart, he is very tenacious. He
came up the hard way. Though he
doesn't reward us, he is not the one
to harm us. Then he is good at his
work too. (He is) quite capable of
setting an example for us.
(ÅC éπ®ΩÍéd. Öçú≈L é¬F ÅC ûª°œpÊÆh
Çߪ’† î√™« °æô’d-ü¿© í∫©-¢√úø’. éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ
°jéÌ-î √aúø’. ´’†èπ◊ v°æA-°∂æ©ç É´y-éπ-
§Ú-®·Ø√, ´’†èπ◊ éÃúø’ îËߪ’úø’. ÅçûË-
é¬èπ◊çú≈ Çߪ’† °æE™ Côd. ´’†èπ◊ ûª†’
Çü¿®Ωzçí¬ E©-•-úø-í∫-©úø’.)
Pradhan: Might be he is strong willed. That
doesn't mean he should lack the
human touch. After all, there is a dif-
ference between humans and
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 614
machines. It is this that
makes all the difference to
others' estimate of him.
(Åçûª °æô’d-ü¿© í∫©-¢√úË M.SURESAN
鬴a. Å®·ûË üΔ†®Ωnç
´÷†-´ûªyç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈-©E é¬ü¿’-í∫üΔ?
àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπÿ, ߪ’çvû√-©èπÿ ûËú≈ 2) Be intent on = ÉC èπÿú≈ be hell-bent on èπ◊
Öçô’çC éπüΔ? Åçü¿’™ØË ÖçC,
Éûª-®Ω’©’ Çߪ’-††’ í∫’Jç*-¢ËÊÆ ÅçîªØ√--™
-ûË-ú≈.)
Note: 1. Target - (ö«Tö¸) = ©éπ~uç. 2. To get a
pat = ¢Á’°æ¤p §Òçü¿úøç. pat = ¶μº’ïç ûªôdúøç.
3. Higher-ups = °j ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©’. 4. Ahead of
schedule = EKgûª Æ洒ߪ’ç (Schedule) èπ◊
´·çü¿’í¬ (ahead) 5. To let off = ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç/
°æE †’ç* Núø’-ü¿© îËߪ’úøç 6. That apart = ÅC
ûª°œpç* 7. Human touch = ´÷†-O-ߪ’ûª
Now look at the following expressions from
the conversation above.
1) The boss is hell-bent on the target date.
2) Why is he so intent on it?
3) The boss is determined to get a pat from his
higher-ups.
4) But we don't find that kind of resolve in him.
5) Good for him to be so set on climbing up the
ladder.
b) A number of arrests were made in the
wake of the bomb blast = ¶«ç•’ Ê°©’úø’
¢Áç•úË î√™« ÅÈ®-Ææ’d©’ ïJ-í¬®·.
3) Put his papers - No such expression with
any special meaning
4) The gods laughed their way to the bank:
Laugh all the way to the bank Idiom
ÅØË
ÖçC. Å®Ωnç: Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬/ v¨¡´’-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ 鬴-©-Æœ-
†çûª Ææ秃-Cç* ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úøôç.
Once he started his business, he laughed
all the way to the bank = ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ¢Á·ü¿©’
°ôd-í¬ØË N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† úø•’s Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ Ææ秃-
Cç-îË-¨»úø’. ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
Time was when software people laughed
all the way to the bank = soft-
äéπ-°æ¤púø®·ûË
ware ¢√∞¡Ÿx v•£æ…tç-úøçí¬ úø•’s Ææ秃-Cç*
ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
The gods laughed all the way to the bank
Å®Ωnç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd í¬F îÁ°æp™‰ç.
5) It is learnt = ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC.
It is learnt that the Congress High
Command is against Jagan's 'Odarpu
Yatra'. = Congress ÅCμ-≥ƒe†ç ïí∫Ø˛ ãüΔ®Ω’p
ߪ÷vûªèπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπ-´’E ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC.
2
6) Why doesn't he set
his mind on pleas-
ing us too?
7) ... he is very tena-
cious.
°j expressions
ÅFo í∫öÀd E¨¡a-ߪ÷-EéÃ,
E®Ωg-ߪ÷-Eéà Ææç•ç-Cμç-
a) Kumar is determined to contest the elec-
*-†N. üΔüΔ°æ¤ ÅEo
expressions èπÿ Å®Ωnç – í∫öÀd E®Ωg-ߪ’çûÓ Öçúøôç/
tions = áEo-éπ™x §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ÷-©ØË í∫öÀd E®Ωg-ߪ’çûÓ
éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-ߪ’çûÓ Öçúøôç, ÅE. É-N -î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫- ÖØ√oúø’ èπ◊´÷®˝.
°æ-úËN, conversation ™, writing ™ èπÿú≈.
b) Unless you are determined you can't
1) To be hell-bent on = î√™« í∫öÀd E®Ωgߪ’çûÓ
achieve anything = Fèπ◊ í∫öÀd-E-®Ωgߪ’ç Öçõ‰-ØË-
Öçúøôç, °∂æLûªç àüÁjØ√.
a) Jagan is hell-bent on going ahead with
í¬F, †’¢Ëyç ≤ƒCμç-îª-™‰´¤.
4) Resolve = E¨¡aߪ’ç
his consolation visits (ãüΔ®Ω’pߪ÷vûª)=
My resolve is to climb up everest = á´-È®Æˇd
Pê-®√Eo áé¬\-©ØËüË Ø√ E¨¡aߪ’ç.
5) To be set on something = í∫öÀd °æô’d-ü¿© éπLT
Öçúøôç.
a) The Naxalites are set on to creating anar-
chy = Å®√-îª-é¬Eo Ææ%≠œdç-î√-©ØË éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-ߪ’çûÓ
°∂æL-û√™‰¢Á’iØ√ ÆæÍ® ûª† ãüΔ®Ω’p ߪ÷vûª é̆- ÖØ√o®Ω’ †éπq-™„jô’x.
≤ƒ-Tç-î√-©ØË éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-ߪ’çûÓ/ °æô’d-ü¿©ûÓ b) Srilanka is set on winning the tri series on
ÖØ√oúø’ ïí∫Ø˛. their home soil = ûª´’ ≤Òçûª-í∫úøf O’ü¿ ï®Ω’-í∫’-
b) Some of the dissidents are hell-
ûª’†o ´·éÓ\ù §ÚöÙ Èí©-¢√-©ØË éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-
bent on pulling down the govern-
ߪ’çûÓ ÖØ√o®Ω’ X©ç-éπ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
ment
6) Set your mind on = ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ éπ*aûªçí¬
= ÅÆæ-´ ’t-A-üΔ-®Ω’™x éÌçûª-´’çC
v°æ¶ μº’ -û √yEo °æúø-íÌ-ö «d-©ØË (Bv´-¢Á’i†)
îËߪ÷-©E/ §ÒçüΔ-©E éπ%ûª-E-¨¡a-ߪ’çûÓ Öçúøôç/
áçûª v¨¡´’-°æ-úÁjØ√ ≤ƒCμç--éÓ-¢√-©-†’-éÓ-´úøç.
°æ ô ’d - ü ¿ - © ûÓ ÖØ√o®Ω ’ . a) He has set his mind on IAS and nothing
can stop him = áçûª v¨¡´’-éÓJa Å®·Ø√
IAS
üΔüΔ°æ¤ Ææ´÷†ç. é¬F, é¬Ææh Bv´ûª ûªèπ◊\´. ™ îË®√-©ØË í∫öÀd-°æ-ô’d-ü¿-©ûÓ ÖØ√o-úø-ûªúø’.
a) He is intent on marrying the girl of his ÅûªúÕE àD Ç°æ-™‰ü¿’.
choice whatever his parents might say
b) Setting his mind on 'Indian Idol' Sri Ram
= ¢√∞¡x ûªLx-ü¿çvúø’™‰´’-†o°æpöÀéÃ, ûª†’ ņ’-èπ◊†o really sweated for it = Indian Idol
≤ƒCμç-î√-
Å´÷t-®·ØË Â°Rx îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©ØË E®Ωg-ߪ’çûÓ
©ØË °æô’d-ü¿-©ûÓ X®√ç î√™« v¨¡´’-°æ-ú≈fúø’/ éπ%≠œ-
ÖØ√o-úø-ûª-úø’.
îË-¨»úø’.
b) They are intent on getting the CM for the
7) Tenacious = °æô’d-ü¿© Ö†o; Tenacity = °æô’d-ü¿©
inauguration
= Perseverance.
= v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μ-ûªq-¢√-EéÀ ´·êu-´’ç-vAE °œ©-¢√-©ØË
E®Ω g-ߪ’çûÓ ÖØ√o®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx. a) Indira Gandhi was tenacious in her
attempt to capture power =
ÅCμ-鬮Ωç
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Hell-bent on, intent on ûª®√yûª.. îË>-éÀ\ç--èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ ÉçC-®√-í¬çDμ î√™«
ing form é¬F noun é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
°æô’d-ü¿-©-Ö-†oC.
a) He is hell-bent on a settlement (noun)/
b) Tenacious practice alone led him to victo-
getting it settled soon (..ing form)
ry = °æô’d-ü¿©ûÓ îËÆœ† ≤ƒüμ¿ØË Åûª-úÕéÀ Nï-ߪ÷Eo
b) They are intent on a new car (noun)/ ûÁ*a-°-öÀdçC.
buying a new car (..ing form)
Practise these expressions and improve
3) Be determined (Hell-
your word power.
í∫öÀd E®Ωg-ߪ’çûÓ Öçúøôç
bent on/ intent on ™«Íí)
It is learnt that there might soon be
9) base = ´‚©ç/ ÇüμΔ®Ωç.
changes = ûªy®Ω-™ ØË ´÷®Ω’p©’çúÌîªaE
a) Industry is the base of a good career
=
ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC.
6) Take stock of the situation (Stock of the sit-
´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç/ ¢√u°æ-é¬-EéÀ ´‚©ç ´’ç*
uation
é¬ü¿’) = v°æÆæ’hûª °æJ-Æœn-AE ÆæO’-éÀ~ç-îªúøç – éπ%≠œ.
b) Flour is the base of many eatables =
à N≠æߪ’ç áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´*açD ´Èíj®√.
The government took stock of the anti-
î√™« A†’-•ç-ú≈-®√-©èπ◊ ´‚© °æüΔ®Ωnç °œçúÕ/
Maoist actions so far at a meeting with î√™« A†’-•ç-ú≈-®√©’ °œçúÕûÓØË ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-
police yesterday = E†o -§Ú-MÆæ’©ûÓ ïJ-°œ† û√®·.
c) Elections form the base of democracy =
Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç™ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç ´÷-NÆˇd ´uA-Í®éπ Ωu-©†’
ÆæO’-éÀ~ç-*çC. (Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o Ωu© v°æñ«-≤ƒy-´÷uEéÀ ÇüμΔ®Ωç áEo-éπ©’.
°∂æL-û√©’, Ééπ-´·çü¿’ àç îËߪ÷L™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ 10) Stake-holder - project/
äéπ ¢√u§ƒ®ΩÆæçÆæn/
í∫’Jç-* Ç™-) system ™ °ô’d•úÕ Â°ôdúøç´©x Ç ¢√u§ƒ®Ω
7) Malafide (Pron: ´÷©-°∂j-úÕ) = ü¿’®Ω’-üËl-¨¡-°æ‹-J-ûª- Project/ system
ÆæçÆæn/ ûÓ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç Ö†o
¢Á’i†/ ü¿’®Ω’-üËl-¨¡çûÓ èπÿúÕ† Company.
´uéÀh ™‰üΔ
He invited us to the party with malafide a) The government is a stake holder in Air
intentions. He wanted to poison us = India and Indian Airlines = Air India,
ü¿’®Ω’-üËl-¨»-©-ûÓØË ´’´’tLo §ƒKdéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’. Indian Airlines N´÷†ÆæçÆæn™ x ¶μ«®Ωûª
´÷O’ü¿ N≠æ-v°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. v°æ¶μº’ûªyç °ô’d-•úÕ Â°ôdúøç´©x, ¢√öÀ ¶«íÓ-í∫’-
8) Developments = °æJ-ù«-´÷©’/ ´÷®Ω’p©’. ©ûÓ v°æ¶μº’-û√y-EéÀ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç ÖçC.
The police are carefully watching the b) The students are stake holders in the
developments in the troubled area = íÌúø-´- institution they study in = NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ û√´·
©’í¬ Ö†o Ç v°æüË-¨¡ç-™E °æJ-ù«--´÷-©-†’ §ÚM-Ææ’ îªC¢Ë ÆæçÆæn-©ûÓ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
´®√_©’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ °æJ-Q-L-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 ÂÆ°dç-•-®Ω’ 2010
Raju, Kurnool
Q. We should arrive before dark
Åçõ‰ ´’†ç <éπöÀ°æúø-éπ-´·çüË îË®√L ÅE
Å®Ωnç éπüΔ. é¬-F, Advanced Oxford
Learner's Dictionary ™ ´’†ç <éπöÀ
°æúø-éπ-´·çüË îË®Ω’û√ç (future) ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa-™«
ÖçC. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
(a) We should arrive before dark
(b) We would arrive before dark.
(c) We shall arrive before dark.
Ñ ´‚úÕçöéÃÀ ûËú≈†’, Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. We should arrive before dark =
1) ´’†ç <éπöÀ °æúË´·çüË îË®√L – ÉC neces-
sity E ûÁL-Ê°-ôx-®·ûË èπÿú≈ future ØË éπüΔ
ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. '<éπöÀ °æúø-éπ-´·çüË— Åçõ‰ future
éπüΔ?
He r eplied indif fer ently
2) ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç: (ÅFo ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊-†oô’x ïJTûË)
Åéπ\-úÕéÀ <éπöÀ °æúË-´·çüË îË®Ωû√ç– ÉC cer-
tainty, but in future. È®çúø÷ correct. È®çúø÷
èπÿú≈ future ØË ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·
a) We should arrive before dark = <éπöÀ
°æúË-´·çüË îË®Ω’-éÓ-¢√L.
b) We would arrive before dark =
1) <éπöÀ °æúË-´·çüË îË®√-©E ´÷ éÓJéπ
2) (á°æ¤púÓ í∫ûªç™– Å©-¢√ô’í¬) ¢Ë’ç <éπöÀ
°æúø-éπ-´·çüË îËÍ®-¢√∞¡xç (A past habit)
c) We shall arrive before dark = <éπöÀ °æúøéπ-
´·çüË îË®Ωû√ç (Indefinite future- ņ’-
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç– îË®Ω-û√-´’E éπ*aûªçí¬ îÁ°æp™‰ç)
Q. a) It should be snowing now, according to
the weather forecast.
b) It would be snowing now, according to the
weather forecast.
Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ Å®√n-©†’, ûËú≈-©†’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
A. a) ¢√û√-´-®Ωù Åçîª-Ø√-†’-•öÀd É°æ¤p-úø-éπ\úø ´’ç
èπ◊®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ú≈L– éπ*aûªç
b) ¢√û√-´-®Ωù Åçîª-Ø√-†’-•öÀd É°æ¤p-úø-éπ\úø ´’ç
èπ◊®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ô’çC. (ņ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’– éπ*aûªçí¬
ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’)
Q. a) I should have finished the book by Friday.
b) I would have finished the book by Friday.
c) I shall have finished the book by Friday.
Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ Å®√n-©†’, ûËú≈-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. (a) ØËØ√ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo (í∫ûª/ §Ú®·†) ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√-®√-E-éπ™«x
°æ‹Jh- îË-Ææ’ç-ú≈-LqçC– é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
(b) °æ‹Jh -îË-Ææ’çúË¢√úÕØË é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
(c) ¨¡Ÿvéπ¢√®√-E-éπ™«x (Åçõ‰ ´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√-®√-E-éπ™«x)
°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo °æ‹Jh îËÆæ’ç-ö«†’– future ™
°æ‹®Ωh®· Öçô’ç-ü¿-†’-éÓ-´úøç.
Q. (a) The roads should be crowded today.
(b) The roads would be crowded today.
Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ ûËú≈†’, Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. (a) ®ÓúøxFo ï†-Ææç-üÓ£æ«çûÓ Öçú≈L Ñ ®ÓV–
(´’çvûÓ/ ÆœE´÷ û√®Ó ´î√a®Ω’/ ®√¶-û√®Ω’
鬕öÀd)
(b) ï†-Ææç-üÓ£æ«çûÓ Öçö«®·– (a) Åçûª éπ*aûªç
é¬ü¿’.
Q. (a) Hope there will be no classes today.
(b) Hope there would be no classes today.
Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ ûËú≈†’, Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
A. Hope there would be no classes today =
Hope there will be no classes today =
É¢√∞¡ é¬xÆæ’©’ Öçúø´E ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Å®·ûË,
Hope there would be no classes, ¢√úø’éπ
áèπ◊\´.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Rama Rao, Aswaraopeta
Q. Sir, éÀçC¢√-öÀE N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1) A) I am having home work in addition to
office work and other work.
B) I have home work in addition to office
work and other work.
2) He is having home work in addition to
office work and other work.
He has home work in addition to office
work and other work.
3) He was having home work in addition to
office work and other work.
He had having home work in addition to
office work and other work.
4) I will be having home work in addition to
office work and other work.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 615
They will be having home
work in addition to office work
and other work.
´·êuçí¬ Ø√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç àN’-ôçõ‰... M.SURESAN
am ûÓ having ®√´úøç, is ûÓ,
was ûÓ, Had ûÓ, will be ûÓ having ®√´úøç.
Present tense ûÓ past tense ûÓ future
tense ûÓ éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Â°j ¢√é¬u©’
®√ßÁ·î√a?
A. 'Have' †’ 'éπLT Öçúøôç— 'àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h´¤ äéπ-JéÀ
Öçúøôç— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, continuous tense Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ Ææ´’ç-ïÆæç é¬ü¿’.
[Present continuous- am/ is/ are having;
Past continuous- was/ were having; Future
continuous- shall be/ will be having]
-©-™ ≤ƒ-üμΔ®Ω-ùçí¬ ¢√úøç 鬕öÀd
I am/ He is/ He was having/ I will be having
a lot of home work
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰
'have'
èπ◊ Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç, éπLT Öçúøôç. äéπ-JéÀ
Öçúøôç 鬕öÀd.
I/ We/ You/ They have homework.
He/ She has home work ņúøç correct.
I/ We/ You/ They/ He/ She had homework-
Correct. I/ We... was having home work-
incorrect.
I will have home work, I will be having home
work- I will have
È®çúø÷ ¢√úø’-éπ™ Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ,
home work, better.
Have/ has/ had am/ is/ are/ was/ were
ûÓ
having ®√ü¿’– ûª°æ¤p.
I will have a car in a week =
ã ¢√®Ωç™
é¬®Ω’çô’çC Ø√èπ◊/ é¬®Ω’†’ éπLT Öçö«†’.
G. Sumanth, Adilabad.
Q. Sir, éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ Ççí∫xç-™éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
a)
F´¤ C†-°æ-vAéπ îªü¿’-´¤-û√¢√?
b) F´¤ C†-°æ-vAéπ îªC-¢√¢√?
A. 1. a) Do you read any daily?
b) Have you read the newspaper today?/
today's newspaper?
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u™xE Å®√n™x ûËú≈-©†’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. à
¢√éπuç à tense ™ ÖçC? -Å-Eo tenses èπÿ
structures ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
a) We have lived here for ten years.
b) We have been living here for ten years.
c) We have been lived here for ten years.
A. We have lived here for 10 years is almost
the same as we have been living here for
10 years =
¢Ë’ç °æüË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Ééπ\-úø’Ø√oç/
Ééπ\-úø’ç-ô’Ø√oç.
'We have been
lived here for 10
years' is incorrect.
DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç
®√ü¿’. ['Have been
lived' (is a passive
form which has
no meaning) ¢Ë’ç
E´-Æ œç-îª-•ú≈fç –
DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ]
Tenses í∫’Jç-* N´-®Ωù Lessons 4 to 15
™
ÖçC. îª÷úøçúÕ.
Q. Please translate the following sentences.
NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ ´’Eoç-îª-ûª-T-†üË.
A. The students' request is reasonable
Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJ-éπ†’ Å†’-Ææ-Jç* §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©èπ◊ ÂÆ©´¤
É´y-´îª’a.
A. We can close the school/ The
school can be closed as per the
students' wishes.
Q.
NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ Ç¢Á÷-ü¿-ßÁ÷-í∫u¢Ë’.
A. The students' request is accept-
able.
Q.
NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJ-éπ†’ Øˆ’ •©-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’h-
Ø√o†’.
A. I support the students' request
Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ Ææ´’ç-ï-Ææ¢Ë’.
A. The students' request is reasonable
Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ Ææ´·-*-ûª¢Ë’.
A. The students' request is proper
A. The students' request is unreasonable
Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n© éÓJéπ ´’Eoç-îª-ü¿-TçC é¬ü¿’.
A. The students' request is not acceptable/
unacceptable
G.K. Rao, Vizag
Q. Sir,
éÀçC °æüΔ© Å®√n-©†’, ¢√öÀ ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈-©†’
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Literateur & Literati; Credentials & Testimonials;
(Well) Poised & (Well) Balanced; Wear (a shirt)
& Don a shirt; Articulation & Diction; Give a
rejoinder & Give a retort & give a befitting reply;
Threshold & Doorway; Physical exercise &
Workout; Behaviour & Demeanour; (One's)
Reservation & (One's) Sensitivities; Indifferent
& Insensitive; Option & Choice
A. Literateur =
≤ƒ£œ«-B-¢Ëûªh – ≤ƒ£œ«-û√uEo í∫’Jç*
¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√®Ω’, ®Ωîª-®·ûª 鬴a – Singular
number Literati - Plural - ≤ƒ£œ«-B-v°œ-ߪ·©’.
≤ƒ£œ«ûªuç Åçõ‰ ÅGμ-´÷-Eç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx, °æçúÕ-ûª’©’.
Credentials = äéπ °æE E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊/ äéπ
°æü¿-NéÀ Å®Ω|ûª éπLpçîË Nü¿u, Péπ~ù (Training),
ņ’-¶μº´ç ¢Á·ü¿-™„j-†N.
a) She has all the credentials for the job =
Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ ûªT† Å®Ω|-ûª-©Fo Ç¢Á’-èπ◊-Ø√o®·.
b) Have you verified his credentials? =
ÅûªúÕ Å®Ω|ûª©’ ÆæJ-îª÷-¨»¢√?
Testimonials = °j Å®Ω|-ûª-©†’ ûÁ-LÊ° °ævû√©’/
ÇüμΔ-®√©’.
Well-poised = Well balanced. Poise =
Balance. Ç¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ, ÖvüË-é¬-EéÀ ™†’-é¬èπ◊çú≈
ÖçúË Ææy¶μ«´ç, v°æ´-®Ωh†.
Wear = Don = üμ¿Jç-îªúøç; Don é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç.
´÷´‚©’ Ææç¶μ«-≠æù™ ¢√úøç.
Articulation = ´’†-Ææ’-™ E ¶μ«¢√-©†’ Ææp≠ædçí¬
îÁ°æp-í∫-©-í∫úøç.
Diction = ¶μ«≠æ-™ E ´÷ô©’, ¢√öÀ Öî√a-®Ωù,
®Ωîª-†™ v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ ¢√öÀ ¢√úøéπç.
2
Rejoinder = ´’† O’ü¿ Éûª-®Ω’©’ îËÆ œ† ¢√uêuèπ◊,
°∂æ÷ô’í¬/ é¬Ææh éÓ°æçí¬/ éÀhí¬ ÉîËa Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç.
Retort ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ rejoinder, Å®·ûË Retort
ÉçéÌçîÁç áèπ◊\´ °∂æ÷ô’í¬/ éÓ°æçí¬/ £æ…Ææuçí¬
ÉîËa Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç. Retort is stronger than
rejoinder.
Give a befitting reply é¬ü¿’, give a fitting reply
= ûªT† KA™ Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç îÁ°æpúøç. Éçü¿’™ éÓ°æç,
£æ…Ææuç ™«çöÀN Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
Threshold = The floor/ ground under a
doorway =
éÀçC ØË©Threshold
Physical exercise =
(Doorway)
ü¿®√yñ«/ üΔy®Ω•çü¿®Ωç
¢√uߪ÷´’ç, ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπüΔ.
Workout = A period of physical exercise =
¢√uߪ÷-´÷-EéÀ ¢Á*açîË Æ洒ߪ’ç/ 鬩ç.
He never misses his twenty minute workout
every morning =
à®ÓW èπÿú≈ Åûªúø’ ûª† 20
EN’-≥ƒ© ¢√uߪ÷´’ Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo ´ü¿’-©’-éÓúø’.
Demeanour = The way a person appears
and behaves = äéπ®Ω’ ûª´’ £æ…´-¶μ«-¢√©’
v°æü¿-JzçîË B®Ω÷, †úø-´úÕ.
Behaviour = †úø-´úÕ
His demeanour was totally professional =
ÅûªúÕ £æ…´-¶μ«-¢√© v°æü¿-®Ωz†, †úø-´úÕ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÅûªúÕ
´%AhE ûÁL-Ê°-Cí¬ ÖçC.
Reservations = feelings of doubt about
some thing - a plan/ an idea/ success.
'He seems to have reservations about the
project = Ç v§ƒñ„èπ◊d†’ í∫’Jç* Åûª-úÕÍé¢Ó
ÆæçüË-£æ…©’†oô’x-Ø√o®·.
Sensitivity = Ability to understand others'
feelings (Éûª-®Ω’© ¶μ«¢√©†’ Ææ’EoûªûªyçûÓ Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç)
In her speech she spoke with sensitivity
about the condition of the poor =
Ê°ü¿-¢√J ÆœnA
°æôx Ç¢Á’ ûª† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ î√™« Ææ’Eo-ûªûªyç-ûÓ/
Å´-í¬-£æ«†ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úÕçC.
Indifferent = E®Ωxéπ~uç îª÷°æúøç/ E®Ωxéπ~uçí¬
´u´-£æ«-Jç-îªúøç.
He replied indifferently = î√™« E®Ωxéπ~uçí¬ Ææ´÷-
üμΔ†ç Éî√aúø’. 2) v¨¡ü¿l¥ îª÷°æ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç – Some
doctors are indifferent to their patients (v¨¡ü¿l¥
îª÷°æ®Ω’)
Insensitivity = Éûª-®Ω’© ¶μ«¢√-©†’, ´’†-Æ œn-AE
°æöÀdç--éÓéπ§Ú´úøç/ üÁ•s-B-ÊÆ™« v°æ´-Jhç-îªúøç.
I was shocked at the insensitivity of parents
to their girl child = Çúø-°œ©x Å®·† èπÿûª’J
´’†-Ææ’†’ í¬ßª’°æJ-îË™« v°æ´-Jhç-*† Ç ûªLx-
ü¿ç-vúø’©†’ îª÷Æœ Cví¬s¥çA éπL-TçC.
Option = Choice
Q. He looked at me every other minute. (every
minute other
ņ-´îª’a í∫üΔ, áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
A. Every other = äéπöÀ ´÷Ja äéπöÀ (alternate)
[1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th etc.] Every other minute =
éπ~ùç ´÷Ja éπ~ùç [Usage ™ üΔüΔ°æ¤ v°æA-éπ~ùç
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç)
Q. You don't worry ÅØË-îÓô don't you worry
Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC v°æ¨»o-®Ωn-éπçûÓ ´Ææ’hçC. Ñ
È®çúÕçöÀ v°æßÁ÷-í∫ç™, Å®Ωnç™ ¶μ‰ü¿ç ÖçüΔ?
A. You don't worry = Don't you worry. Usage™
Don't you worry v°æ-¨¡o é¬ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ææy®√Eo •öÀd
ÉC £æ…O’ ÉîËa Statement/ question ÅØËC
ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 ÂÆ°dç-•-®Ω’ 2010 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

R.Sangamnaidu, Jarajapupeta. b) She has been singing (has been + ing) N.Raja Rao,
for the past one hour Vijayawada.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ question tags -†’ N´-Jç-îª- í∫çô-ÊÆ-°æ¤í¬ (í∫çô
í∫-©®Ω’. véÀûªç Ç®Ωç-Gμç* Éçé¬) §ƒúø’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’
a) I am a boy b) I amn't a boy G.Satyanarayana, Ethakota. ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
c) I used to drink milk d) Let's go to a picture If the food is
Q. David Green Grammar book in ™ í∫’Jç* served early then
e) Please give me your pen
In denotes a state of rest or being
ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ invitees would
A. a) I am a boy, aren't I? -
have had a
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ééπ\úø inside something He is in
verb, 'am' Amn't I? ÅE ques- ÅE, ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùí¬
Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, relaxed meal.
bed inside bed understand. Ñ Ø√©’í∫’ E®Ωy-îª-Ø√©’ ing form
tion tag Aren't I?
ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. é¬F, Åûªúø’ ™
®√ü¿’. ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC.
He is on bed
™‰úø’ 鬕öÀd ÅØ√L éπüΔ? A. Ñ sentence ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©-ߪ÷u®· éπüΔ! Å®·ûË OöÀ™ Ö†o
≤ƒüμΔ®Ωù Eߪ’-´÷-EéÀ ÉüÓ N’†-£æ…-®·ç°æ¤.-
A. 'Bed' Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç, ´’çîªç/ ´’çîªç °æ®Ω’°æ¤
ÆæÈ®j† sentence: ing form E 'present participle' ÅØ√™«? ™‰éπ
b) I amn't a boy, am I? - ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ ´’Sx. If the food is served early the invitees will Gerund ÅØ√™«? ™‰éπ ing clauses sentences
Ééπ\úø Question tag ™ 'am' ´÷vûª¢Ë’ éπL°œ. Íé´©ç °æ®Ω’°æ¤ ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’. °æ®Ω’-°æ¤†’ have relaxed meals = ¶μï†ç é¬Ææh ´·çü¿’í¬
English ™ mattress Åçö«®Ω’. G∞¡x-©’í¬ èπ◊öÀd†
´Ææ’hçC. Åçõ‰ statement ™ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ÅØ√™«? ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
´úÕfÊÆh, Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’©’ Nv¨»ç-Aí¬ ¶μçîË-≤ƒh®Ω’. A. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Adjectives èπ◊, Ö†o/ Ö†o-ô’-´çöÀ/
Q.tag ™ ´îËaC 'Aren't I?' ÅØË. ´’Sx °æ©aöÀ °æ®Ω’°æ¤ quilt. Q. "The whole ambiance is wonderful and I Å®·†/ Å®·-†-ô’-´çöÀ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
statement ™ 'not' Öçõ‰ Q.tag ™ 'Am I?' In bed, on bed È®çúø÷ correct, ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ couldn't have asked for more" she says. Beautiful = Åçü¿çí¬ Ö†o/ Ö†o-ô ’-´çöÀ/
ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC. Åçõ‰ Q.tags ™ Amn't? ÅE Å®√n-©ûÓ. A. Ñ ¢√û√-´-®Ωùç î√™« Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Éçûª- Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/ Åçü¿-¢Á’i†ô’´çöÀ.
®√ØË ®√ü¿’. éπçõ‰ ØËØÁ-èπ◊\´ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-L-TçC ™‰ü¿’. '...ing' form †’ present participle Åçö«ç.
DEéÀ èπÿú≈ î√™« Ææ´’-ߪ÷™x adjectives èπ◊ ™«Íí

Let's go to a movie, shall we?

c) I used to drink milk, didn't I? (used = did
use. 鬕öÀd Q.tag ™Helping verb, did
´Ææ’hçC)
d) Let's go to a movie, shall we?
Let's = Let us. Q.tag
É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x
á°æ¤púø÷'shall we?' ÉC usage.
e) Please give me your pen, won't you?
Q. The
E äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'C— ÅE, äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'ü¿— ÅE
îªü¿’-´¤û√ç. '-C, -ü¿-—©-™ -üË-Eo á°æ¤púø’ ¢√ú≈L?
A. ûÁ©’í∫’ ¨¡¶«l©’, -Å, Ç, É, Ñ, á, áß˝’, ä, å Ñ
¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ (sounds ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Åéπ~-®√©’ 鬴¤)
v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’ßË’u English ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’, The 'C—
Åçö«ç. N’í∫û√ ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’ßË’u ´÷ô©
´·çü¿’ 'ü¿— Åçö«ç.
The (C) umbrella (Åç)
The (C) author (Ç)
The (C) ant (ae)
The (C) Indian (Éç)
The (C) eagle (Ñ)
The (C) end (á)
The (C) aisle (áß˝’ –
Aisle - È®çúø’ Æ‘ôx ´®Ω’Ææ ´’üμ¿u-üΔJ)
The (C) idea (â)
The (C) only book (ã)
The (C) owl (噸)
N’í∫û√ ¨¡¶«l© ´·çü¿’ 'ü¿— Åçö«ç:
The (ü¿) university (ߪ‚ 'Å— †’ç* 'å— ´®Ωèπ◊
-ÖçúË ¨¡¶«l™x 'ߪ‚— ™‰ü¿’)
The (ü¿) book, the (ü¿) tree, etc.
Q. Hotel èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ article A/ An ©™ àC
Öçú≈L? áçü¿’èπ◊?
A. Hotel - correct pronunciation: £æ«Ùõ„™ ¸– 'õ„—
ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç – üΔüΔ°æ¤ 'õ‰— ™«: £æ«Ûõ‰™¸. '£æ«Û—
ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-™„jçC 鬕öÀd a hotel ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å, Ç,
É, Ñ, á, áß˝’, ä, å ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u
English words ´·çü¿’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ 'An' ¢√úøû√ç.
N’í∫û√ ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ 'a'.
An umbrella (Åç); A university (ߪ‚)
Q. äéπ ¢√éπuç™ 'For' period of time E ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷
¢√úÕûË, Ç ¢√éπuç™ véÀߪ÷-®Ω÷°æç has/ have+v2
form -Öç-ú≈-™«? -™‰-üΔ has been/ have been +
ing form Öç-ú≈™«? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. í∫ûªç-†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ/ Éçé¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´îËaç-
ü¿’èπ◊ Have/ has + past participle, (v2 é¬ü¿’
O’®Ω-†oô’x, v3) é¬F, Have been/ has been + ...
ing é¬F ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, period of time ûÁLÊ°
´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ for ¢√úøû√ç.
a) She has sung (has + past participle of
sing) for the past one hour (í∫çô véÀûªç
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ §ƒúÕçC) Éçé¬
§ƒúø’-ûÓçüΔ, ™‰üΔ ÅØËC ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
Å®·†/ Ö†o, Å®·-†-ô’-´çöÀ/ Ö†o-ô’-´çöÀ ÅE
Å®√n©’ ´≤ƒh®· éπüΔ. Å°æ¤p-úøN adjectives ûÓ
Ææ´÷†ç. The singing girl suddenly stopped
= Ç §ƒúø’-ûª’†o Å´÷t®· ÇT-§Ú-®·çC.
The walking men = †úø’-Ææ’h†o ´’†’-≠æfl©’.
Q. Smith got to kiss Depp in a scene.
Past participle †’ èπÿú≈ adjective í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
A. äéπ scene ™ Smith, Depp †’
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 616
We saw only murdered people = îªç°æ-•úøf
´·ü¿’l-°-ô’d-èπ◊ØË Å´-鬨¡ç ´*açC. ´uèπ◊h-©ØË îª÷¨»ç ¢Ë’ç.
Q. I want to have the chance to É™« present/ past participles †’ adjective ™«
release things that might not nec- noun †’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕûË ÅN partici-
In bed =
ü¿’°æpöÀ éπ°æ¤p-éÌE °æúø’-éÓ-
essarily get released otherwise. ple adjectives Å´¤-û√®·.
†’ç-úøôç °æ®Ω’°æ¤ O’ü¿. ü¿’°æp-öÀ™
English - Telugu present participle èπ◊ îËߪ’úøç/ A†úøç, É™«
M.SURESAN
°æúø’-èπ◊-†’ç-úøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉC äéπ ´’ç*
Dictionary paper words
correct.
E( èπÿ-ú≈) 'úøç— ÅE *´-®Ω-´îËa °æüΔ-©’í¬ Å®Ωnç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’,
On bed = ü¿’°æpöÀ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ °æ®Ω’°æ¤ O’ü¿ °æúø’-èπ◊- Ææ÷*ç-îªçúÕ. üΔEo noun ™« ¢√úøû√ç. Å°æ¤púø’ üΔEE gerund
A. ÉçÍé Nüμ¿ç-í¬†÷ Núø’-ü¿-©-é¬-E-¢√-öÀE Núø’-ü¿© îËÊÆ Åçö«ç. Gerund = verbal noun. Åçõ‰ present
†’ç-úøôç
Q. a) ®Ω´ ’t-Ø√oØ√ ®√! ´Ææ’h-Ø√o¢√ ™‰üΔ Å´-鬨¡ç Ø√èπ◊ç-ú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. participle †’ äéπ sentence subject/ object/
(Eng- Telugu Dictionary, paper words †’ object of a preposition í¬ ¢√úÕûË ÅC Gerund.
(Commanding í¬), b) ؈’ E†’o ®Ω´’t-Ø√oØ√?
(Question í¬) – OöÀE Ççí∫xç™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
í∫’Jç* O’®Ω’ ®√ÆœçC Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’) Sitting in class for 5 hours a day is not a joke
Q. I have got three years left. = class
A. a) I told you to come. Come on. Are you
®ÓW 5 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ°æ¤ ™ èπÿ®Óa-´úøç,
A. Ø√éÀçé¬ ´‚úË∞¡Ÿx N’T-©’-Ø√o®·. ûª´÷≥ƒ é¬ü¿’. Ééπ\úø sitting, present participle
coming or not?
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. †’ noun
í¬ ¢√ú≈ç. 鬕öÀd ÅC gerund. Å™«Íí
b) have I told you to came? I like walking = walking -
a) Hails from b) Is all set to direct †úø-´úøç Ø√éÀ≠dçæ ) –
Q. God ™E G E äéÓ\-îÓô capital letter í¬, gerund.
A. Hails from = Çߪ’†/ Ç-¢Á’Ü®Ω’/ ÆæyÆæn©ç
äéÓ\-îÓô small letter í¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. àC I object to smoking - 'smoking' to
He hails from Nellore = Çߪ’-†C ØÁ©÷x®Ω’/
Ééπ\úø
ÅØË preposition object. So, 'smoking' is
èπ◊
éπÈ®é˙d? Çߪ’† ØÁ©÷x®Ω’èπ◊ îÁçC-†-¢√úø’/ ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ Çߪ’†
a gerund.
A. üË´¤-úÌ-éπ\úË ÅØË †´’t-éπçûÓ üË´¤-úÕE v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îË- ÆæyÆæn©ç
words îª÷üΔlç.
ô-°æ¤púø’, God (G capital) ÅE ®√≤ƒhç. b) Çߪ’† ü¿®Ωz-éπûªyç ´£œ«ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅFo Æœü¿l¥çí¬
É°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ É*a†
ÖØ√o®·/ à®√p-ôxFo ïJ-í¬®· (all set). a) Destructive = NØ√-¨¡-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† = causing
God will reward you = üË´¤úø’ Fèπ◊ v°æA-°∂æ-©-
damage = NØ√-¨»Eo éπL-TçîË (causing) -
Q. A senior Chinese official said the boy and
N’-≤ƒhúø’. adj.
his family were living a normal life, but
God created the universe = üË´¤úø’ N¨»yEo b) Making you feel =
would not say where. Å™« ¶μ«Nç-îË-ô’x îËÊÆ
(Making) - Adj.
A.
Ææ%≠œdç-î√úø’. Ç Å¶«s®·, ÅûªúÕ èπ◊ô’ç-•-Ææ-¶μº’u©÷ ´÷´‚©’
Å®·ûË î√™«-´’çC üË´¤-∞¡x†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË- @Nûªç í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o-®ΩE, ã ´·êu îÁjØ√ ÅCμ-é¬J c) Colourful = NØÓü¿ç éπL-TçîË (Entertaining)
ô-°æ¤púø’, God of rain (´®Ω’ù üË´¤úø’) god of fire îÁ§ƒpúø’. Å®·ûË ¢√∞Îx-éπ\-úø’ç-ô’-†oD Çߪ’† orÖûª’q-éπ-ûª†’ éπL-TçîË (exciting)
(ÅTo) É™« îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’, G é¬èπ◊çú≈ g ¢√úøû√ç. îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’-éÀ-≠d-°æ æ-úø-™‰ü¿’ (would not say where) d) muddling = í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡ç éπL-TçîË (causing) -
The gods of the Hindus = £œ«çü¿’-´¤©’ Q. Has done, Had done ©’ È®çúø÷ (õ„j¢˛’ Adj.
Ç®√CμçîË üË´¤∞¡Ÿx. Lord Venkateswara is a îÁ°æp-éπ-§ÚûË) äéπ-õ‰Ø√? N. Nagesh, Rajahmundry.
Hindu god; É™«. A. ᙫ Å´¤-û√®·?Has done = î˨»úø’/ îËÆ œçC–
Q. Resign letter ᙫ ®√ߪ÷™ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Q. Provided that †’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î √--™  í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púø’ ÅE ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’/ îËߪ’úøç Å®·çC,
A. For purely personal reasons, I hereby ten-
é¬F á°æ¤púø’ ÅE ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
ûÁ©°æí∫©®Ω’. der my resignation and request you to
She/ He has done it = Ç¢Á’/ Åûªúø’ (Ç °æE)
A. Provided that = If = Å™« Å®·-ûËØË/ Ç relieve me of responsibilities in your organi-
îËÆœçC/ î˨»úø’. zation immediately/ at the end of the notice
≠æ®Ω-ûª’ûÓ. Had done = í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø’ °æ†’™x
We will admit you provided that you pay the period.
(´’† Eߪ÷-´’éπ E®Ωg-ߪ÷-©-†’-•öÀd, ¢ÁçôØË
¢Á·ü¿öÀ °æE Å®·çC ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
fees in full = fees
é¬F, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, ÉEo ØÁ©© ûª®√yûª é¬F ÅE
†’´¤y ¢Á·ûªhç éπúÕ-ûËØË E†’o He told me he had done it = ûª†’ ÅC î˨»-†E ûÁLÊ°çü¿’èπ◊– DEo •öÀd)
¢Ë’ç îË®Ω’a-èπ◊çö«ç. Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’. (Åûªú≈ °æE îËߪ’úøç, Ø√ûÓ yours faithfully,
Q. Spoken English ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÅÆæ©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ îÁ°æpúøç, È®çúø÷ í∫ûªç. Å®·ûË, °æE-îË-ߪ’úøç XXXX
°æüΔ-©†’ ®√E-´y-èπ◊çú≈ English to English ´·çü¿’, 鬕öÀd had done.
L.B.S. Kumar, Machilipatnam.
ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©ç-ö«®Ω’. é¬F, O’®Ω’ vocabulary ™ L. Sravya, Laddagiri.
ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®√n©’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. DE°j O’ ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ç Q. -N’-´’t-Lo (-E-†’o) -Éç-ûªèπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’ -áéπ\-úÓ
Q. Adjectives Dictionary
éÀ ™ definition ÉîËa- -îª÷Æœ-†-ô’x í∫’®Ω’h. -Ñ ¢√é¬u--Eo -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™«
®√ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ing form sentence
ô-°æ¤púø’ ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿©’ 鬴úøç ®√-ߪ÷-L?
A. î√™« ´’ç* question. ؈’ ®√Ææ’h†o sentences a) destructive =
í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ A. a) I remember to have seen you some-
¢Á·ûªhç English éπüΔ? üΔEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ ņ’-¢√ü¿ç causing damage b) suspicious = making where.
ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’, O’™«çöÀ §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ô©èπ◊ you feel that sth is wrong or dishonest b) Could I have see you before
ÆæÈ®j† English ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E, ¢√öÀØË c) colourful = interesting or exciting
c) Where could I have seen you before.
¢√úËç-ü¿’èπ◊. d) muddling = causing confusion, difficult to

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish

-Ç-C-¢√-®Ωç 26 ÂÆ°dç-•-®Ω’ 2010 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

APPSC GROUP IV EXAMINATION - 2010 MAX. MARKS : 150

GENERAL STUDIES MODEL GRAND TEST TIME : 150 MINUTES

81. Åçèπ◊-®Ω-îªa ¥ü¿ç ÖçúË Nûªh-Ø√-EéÀ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù– 100. úÕ.öÀ.°œ. ¢√uéÃqØ˛ É´yúøç üΔy®√ àßË’ ¢√uüμ¿’©’ 122. ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™
1) Ç´·ü¿ç 2) *èπ◊\úø’ ®√èπ◊çú≈ E¢√-Jç-îª-´îª’a? ¶μ˜íÓ-Réπ NÆ‘h-®Ωg-
3) •®∏√-F 4) ¨¡†í∫ 1) éÓJçûª ü¿í∫’_ 2) úÕ°∂‘h-Jߪ÷ °æ®Ωçí¬ Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸
82. 鬴÷ Çé¬-®Ωç™ ÖçúË à @N ™«®√y†’ ôç•x®˝ 3) üμ¿†’-®√yûªç 4) °j´Fo à ≤ƒn†ç™ ÖçC? 137. ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ LÈíj o-ö¸†’ Åûªu-Cμ-éπçí¬ Öûªp-Ah-îËÊÆ
Åçö«®Ω’? 101. £«î˝.-â.N. ≤ÚéÀ† ´uéÀh ®Ωéπhç™ ¢Áj®Ω-Æˇ©’ áèπ◊\´ 1) 3´ 2) 4´ 3) 5´ 4) 6´ ®√≠æçZ àC?
1) Ñí∫ 2) ûËØÁ-öÃí∫ Ææçêu™ ÖçúÕ èπÿú≈ v°æA-®Ω-éπ~-鬩’ éπE-°œç-îªE 123. •çí¬x-ü˨¸ ÆæJ-£æ«-ü¿’l™ Ö†o ¶μ«®Ωûª ®√≥ƒZ©’ áEo? 1) ñ«®Ω^çú˛ 2) äúÕ≥ƒ
3) üÓ´’ 4) éπ°æp ü¿¨¡†’ à´’E °œ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’? 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6 3) Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸ 4) ûªN’-∞¡-Ø√úø’
83. vú≈Æœ®√, ØÁ°ç-C∑Æˇ, ߪ·vöÀ-èπ◊u-™‰-Jߪ÷ ¢Á·éπ\©’ 1) v°æA-èπÿ-©-ü¿¨¡ 2) ņ’èπÿ©-ü¿¨¡ 124. v°æ°æç-îªç™ Åûªuçûª áûÁkh† °æ®Ωyûª Pê-®Ω-¢Á’i† 138. ¢Á÷ØÓ-ñ„jö¸ EÍé~-§ƒ©’ Åûªu-Cμ-éπçí¬ Ö†o ®√≠æçZ
îª÷Ê° v°æûËu-éπûª– 3) NçúÓ °‘J-ߪ’ú˛ ü¿¨¡ 4) ņ-†’-èπÿ© ü¿¨¡ 'á´È®Æˇd— à ü˨¡ç™ ÖçC? àC?
1) ÉN †vûª-ï-EE ≤ƒn°œ-≤ƒh®· 102. éÀ®Ω-ù-ï†u ÆæçßÁ÷-í∫-véÀ-ߪ’™ ÇéÀq-ïØ˛ ¢Á©’-´-úø’- 1) ÉçúÕߪ÷ 2) Ø˧ƒ™¸ 1) Íé®Ω∞¡ 2) Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸
2) OöÀ-†’ç* @´ Éçüμ¿-Ø√©’ ©Gμ-≤ƒh®· ûª’ç-ü¿E à v°æßÁ÷í∫ç üΔy®√ E®Ω÷-°œç-îª-´îª’a? 3) öÀ¶„ö¸ 4) ŧ∂ƒ_-E-≤ƒnØ˛ 3) ´’üμ¿u-v°æ-ü˨¸ 4) äúÕ≥ƒ
3) å≠æüμΔ-©-E-≤ƒh®· 1) £j«vúÕ™«x v°æßÁ÷í∫ç 2) ™„jö¸-vÆ‘\Ø˛ v°æßÁ÷í∫ç 125. íÓüΔ-´J †C °æK-¢√-£æ«éπ v§ƒçûªç à ®√≥ƒZ™x 139. ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ °æô’d Öûªp-Ah™ í∫’û√h-Cμ-°æûªuç Ö†o
4) ÉN éÃô-é¬-£æ…®Ω ¢Á·éπ\©’ 3) ÅßÁ÷-úÕØ˛ v°æßÁ÷í∫ç 4) v¶N’Ø˛ v°æßÁ÷í∫ç NÆæh-Jç* ÖçC? ®√≠æZç àC?
84. à éπù«ç-í∫ç™ úÕ.á-Ø˛.á. Öçô’çC? 103. ô≤ƒq®˝ °æô’d†’ ÖûªpAh îËÊÆ °æô’d°æ¤-®Ω’í∫’ àßË’ 1) ´’£æ…-®√≠æZ 2) îμªBh-Æˇí∫úμ˛ 1) í∫’ï-®√û˝ 2) ï´‚t-é¬-Qt®˝
1) È®j¶-ñ ¢˛’ 2) ¢Á’iöé¬ç-vúÕߪ÷ ¢Á·éπ\-©Â°j °®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC? 3) Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸, äúÕ≥ƒ 4) °j´Fo 3) äúÕ≥ƒ 4) éπ®√g-ôéπ
3) ™„j≤Ú-ñ ¢˛’ 4) JéÀhéπ 1) ´’©sK 2) Ç´·ü¿ç 126. v°æ°æç-îªç-™ØË Åûªu-Cμéπ ´®Ω{-§ƒûªç Ö†o ´’¯Æœç- 140. ¶Ôé¬®Ó Öèπ◊\ éπ®√t-í¬®Ωç à ü˨¡ Ææ£æ«-é¬-®ΩçûÓ
85. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ Ç´’x´®√{-©†’ éπL-TçîË ¢√ߪ·´¤ àC? 3) õ‰èπ◊, ûª’´’t 4) ãé˙, °∂œí˚ ®√¢˛’ ÅØË v°æü˨¡ç à ®√≠æZç™ ÖçC? ≤ƒn°œ-ûª-¢Á’içC?
1) 鬮ΩsØ˛ úÁj ÇÈéj qú˛ 2) Ææ©p¥®˝ úÁj ÇÈéj qú˛ 104. ¢Ë®Ω’-°æ¤-®Ω’-í∫’-™«çöÀ éÃô-é¬-©†’ E¢√-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ 1) Å≤Úç 2) ¢Ë’°∂æ÷-©ßª÷ 1) °æ‹®Ωy°æ¤ ≤ÚN-ߪ’ö¸ ߪ‚E-ߪ’Ø˛ (v°æÆæ’hûª ®Ω≥ƒu)
3) 鬮ΩsØ˛ ¢Á÷Ø√-Èéj qú˛ 4) O’ü∑ËØ˛ §Ò©ç-™E ØË©™ x-´-©-ÆœçC– 4) ´’ùÀ-°æ‹®˝ 4) vA°æ¤®Ω 2) °æ‹®Ωy°æ¤ °æPa´’ ï®ΩtF
86. ïçûª’-´¤™x à éπù-ñ«©ç †’ç* íÓ∞¡Ÿx, ¢Áçvô’-éπ©’ 1) í∫çüμ¿éπç §ÒúÕ 2) áçúÓ-Ææ-™«p¥Ø˛ 127. ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ØÁj®Ω’B ®Ω’ûª’°æ-´-Ø√©’ à 鬩ç™ 3) vGôØ˛ 4) ÇÊÆZ-Lߪ÷
´çöÀN à®Ωp-úø-û√®·? 3) ¢Ë°æ-°œçúÕ 4) ÅvT-¢Á’i-ÆœØ˛ ´≤ƒh®·? 141. äéπ ®Ω÷§ƒ®· ØÓô’†’ ´·vCçîË ¢√®Ω’ á´®Ω’?
1) Ö°æ-éπ∞« éπù-ñ«©ç 2) ÆæçßÁ÷-ïéπ éπù-ñ«©ç 105. ØËvûª-°æ-ô-™«-EéÀ ´·çü¿’í¬ v°æA-Gç•ç à®Ωp-úÕûË Ç 1) WØ˛ †’ç* ÂÆ°dç-•®˝ 1) v°æù«-Ré¬ Ææç°∂æ’ç 2) ÇJnéπ ´’çvAûªy¨»ê
3) éπçúø®Ω éπù-ñ«©ç 4) Ωt-éπ-ù-ñ«©ç ü¿%≠œd-™-§ƒEo à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? 2) V™„j †’ç* ÅéÓd-•®˝ 3) v°æù«-Ré¬ ´’çvAûªy¨»ê 4) Jï®˝y¶«uçé˙
87. °œçúÕ °æüΔ-®√n-EéÀ ÅßÁ÷-úÕØ˛ éπL-°œûË à ®Ωçí∫’ 1) Dμ®Ω`-ü¿%≠œd 2) v£æ«Ææy-ü¿%≠œd 3) ÅéÓd-•®˝ †’ç* úÕÂÆç-•®˝ 142. v°æÆæ’hûªç Jï®˝y ¶«uçé˙ í∫´®Ωo®˝ á´®Ω’?
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