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Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has
been done for you.
Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting to Moodle. Avoid printing this if
possible.
Population - a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area
at the same time
2. Complete the tree below with definitions and examples of each type of
feeding strategy.
Heterotrophs feed off of others while autotrophs feed themselves. The two
types of autotrophs feed by photosynthesis (sun energy) and
chemosynthesis(chemical energy). Heterotrophs have decomposers (energy
from non-living organisms) and consumers (energy from living or recently
killed).
3. Food chains represent the flow of energy and nutrients in a series of feeding
relationships.
Organisms which produce their own food from Organisms which derive energy from other
organic methods living organisms
Photosynthesis, green plants, Chemosynthesis, deep sea, Organic matter which is Lives in or on non-living
Ingests non-living organic matter, secreting
pytoplankton and algae chemosynthetic bacteria living or recently killed
organic matter, digestive enzymes into it
earthworms, woodliceand absorbing digestive
--> bream --> freshwater shrimp products, bacteria and fungi
--> phytoplankton
Carnivores,omnivores, eat
Herbivores, eat producers
other consumers
Sparrow hawk --> great tit --> moth caterpillar --> yellow iris
A food web shows all of the feeding relationships within a habitat and contain many
food chains.
5. The food web below shows some coral reef feeding relationships;
i. Producers
Primary Consumer- Tadpole, Alderfly nymph, pond snail, mayfly nymph, cased
caddisfly larva, damselfly nymph, water vole
Secondary Consumers- Bullhead fish, great diving beetle, frog, duck, dragonfly
A duck could fit on more than one trophic level because it eats the insects as
the secondary consumers do, but also eats frogs so it could be even with the
otter
It is rare that all organisms eat one thing, the only organism that can be classified
into a proper trophic level is the producer as it creates for itself.
There are less predators because there is less energy at the top of the trophic levels
and also there
90% of energy is lost due to it not being ingested, not digested or assimilated,
excreted, or lost as heat from respiration.
The unit of measurement used is units of energy per unit area per unit time
(kj m-2 y -1 ).
Explain this statement with the aid of a flow chart. Include the roles of saprotrophic
bacteria and fungi.
15.Outline three examples of cycles of inorganic nutrients. For each, outline the
uses of the nutrients in living organisms, its method of transfer into and
through the food chain and how it is returned to the inorganic nutrient pool.
a. Carbon
Food chain: Carbon is introduced to the food train through producers via photosynthesis and
is then carried on through each trophic layer by the predators eating the producers. It is
then returned to the inorganic nutrient pool when the highest trophic layer dies and the
saprotrophic bacteria and fungi decompose the deceased and return the carbon back.
b. Nitrogen
Food chain: Nitrogen is introduced to the food chain through the amino acids/proteins in our
bodies and are also very important in a plants nutrition. The nitrogen is passed on through
each trophic layer and then when the highest predator in that specific food chain dies,
decomposers such as worms decompose the dead predator and allow the nitrogen to enter
back into the air.
c. Calcium
Uses: keeps bones and skeletons strong and teeth as well, also makes strong shells of birds
and the cell wall of plants.
Food chain: introduced to the food chain through plants as well and passed up through the
trophic levels providing less calcium for each level. When the animal dies, the calcium is
passed onto the decomposers who then continue the cycle when they become the prey.