WS Manual 1999 F-Super Duty-S 1, G 00 - Gen Info, &amp S2, Susp Driveline - Part 1-A

Workshop Manual
1999
F-Super Duty 250-550
1999 F-Super Duty 250-550

Workshop Manual
Alphabetical Index
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P R S
T U V W
Specifications
Table of Contents
1: General Information
00: Service Information
2: Chassis
04: Suspension
05: Driveline
06: Brake System
11: Steering System
3: Powertrain
03: Engine
07: Automatic Transmission
08: Manual Transmission, Clutch and Transfer Case
09: Exhaust System
10: Fuel System
4: Electrical
12: Climate Control System
13: Instrumentation and Warning Systems
14: Battery and Charging System
15: Audio Systems
17: Lighting
18: Electrical Distribution
19: Electronic Feature Group
5: Body and Paint
01: Body
02: Frame and Mounting
GROUP 00: Service Information
SECTION 100-01: Identification Codes
SECTION 100-02: Jacking and Lifting
SECTION 100-04: Noise, Vibration and Harshness
SECTION 100-01:
Identification Codes
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
SECTION 100-01: Identification Codes 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
The vehicle identification number (VIN) is a 17-digit combination of letters and numbers. The
VIN is stamped on a metal tab riveted on the instrument panel top upper left of the dash. The
VIN number is also found on the vehicle certification (VC) label.
Item Description
1 World Manufacturer Identifier
2 Brake Type and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
3 Vehicle Line, Series, Body Type
4 Engine Type
5 Check Digit
6 Model Year
7 Assembly Plant
8 Production Sequence Number
Vehicle Identification Number
The first three vehicle identification number (VIN) positions are the world manufacturer code.
• 1FT — Ford Motor Company, USA, truck, completed vehicle

• 1FD — Ford Motor Company, USA, incomplete vehicle
• 1FC — Ford Motor Company, USA, basic (stripped) chassis
• 1FF — Ford Motor Company, USA, motor vehicle equipment without engine/powertrain
(Glider)
• 3FC — Ford Motor Company, Mexico, basic (stripped) chassis
• 3FE — Ford Motor Company, Mexico, incomplete vehicle
• 3FT — Ford Motor Company, Mexico, truck, completed vehicle
The fourth VIN position is the vehicle brake type and GVW code (all vehicles use hydraulic
brakes).
• H — 8,501-9,000 pounds GVWR
• J — 9,001-10,000 pounds GVWR
• K — 10,001-14,000 pounds GVWR
• L — 14,001-16,000 pounds GVWR
• M — 16,001-19,501 pounds GVWR
• N — 19,501-26,000 pounds GVWR
• N — 8,501-9,000 pounds GVWR with second generation air bags
• S — 9,001-10,000 pounds GVWR with second generation air bags
• W — 10,001-14,000 pounds GVWR with second generation air bags
• X — 14,001-16,000 pounds GVWR with second generation air bags
• A — 16,001-19,500 pounds GVWR with second generation air bags
Positions 5 through 7 indicate vehicle line, series and body type.
• F20 — F-250 Regular Cab, 4x2 (single rear wheels)

• X20 — F-250 SuperCab, 4x2 (single rear wheels)
• W20 — F-250 Crew Cab, 4x2 (single rear wheels)
• F32 — F-350 Regular Cab, 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• F33 — F-350 Regular Cab, 4x4 (dual rear wheels)
• X32 — F-350 SuperCab, 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• X33 — F-350 SuperCab, 4x4 (dual rear wheels)
• W32 — F-350 Crew Cab, 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• W33 — F-350 Crew Cab, 4x4 (dual rear wheels)
• F34 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Regular Cab), 4x2 (single rear wheels)
• F35 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Regular Cab), 4x4 (single rear wheels)
• X34 — F-350 Chassis Cab (SuperCab), 4x2 (single rear wheels)
• X35 — F-350 Chassis Cab (SuperCab), 4x4 (single rear wheels)
• W34 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Crew Cab), 4x2 (single rear wheels)
• W35 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Crew Cab), 4x4 (single rear wheels)
• F36 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Regular Cab), 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• X36 — F-350 Chassis Cab (SuperCab), 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• X37 — F-350 Chassis Cab (SuperCab), 4x4 (dual rear wheels)
• W36 — F-350 Chassis Cab (Crew Cab), 4x2 (dual rear wheels)
• F53 — Recreational Stripped Chassis (Motorhome)
The eighth VIN position is the engine displacement and number of cylinders.
• S — 6.8L SOHC, EFI, V10, Gas

• F — 7.3L OHV, DI Turbo, V8, Diesel
• 2 — 4.2L OHV, EFI, V6, Gas
• L — 5.4L, 2V, SOHC, EFI, V8, Gas
The ninth VIN position is a check digit.

The tenth VIN position is the model year code.
• X — 1999
The eleventh VIN position is the assembly plant code.
• S — Allen Park (Allen Park, Michigan)

• E — Kentucky Truck (Jefferson County, Kentucky)
• J — IMMSA (Monterrey, Mexico)
• M — Cuautitlan (Cuautitlan, Mexico)
The last six VIN positions are an alphanumeric code for the vehicle build sequence. This is also
the vehicle serial and warranty number.
• A00001-E99999
Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
Item Description
1 Exterior Paint Code
2 Region Code
3 Domestic Special Order Code
4 Wheel Base Code
5 Brake Code
6 Interior Trim Code
7 Tape/Paint Pinstripe Code
8 Radio Code
9 Axle Code
10 Transmission Code
11 Spring Code
The vehicle certification (VC) label contains the manufacturer name, the month and year of
manufacture, the certification statement, and the VIN. It also includes gross vehicle weight
ratings (GVWR).
Vehicle Certification (VC) Label — Canada (Typical)

Vehicle Certification (VC) Label — Mexico (Typical)
Vehicle Certification (VC) Label — Incomplete Vehicle (Typical)
Paint Codes
Refer to the paint manufacturer code book for information.

Radio Codes
• 7 — AM/FM stereo with clock

• 9 — AM/FM stereo cassette and clock
• K — AM /FM stereo cassette with CD player
• Y — Delete standard radio with clock
• G — Delete radio chassis only, AM/FM stereo, all other components installed
• R — Delete radio chassis only, AM/FM cassette, all other components installed
• E — Install Unique Gulf Coast Country Radio
Axle Codes
The following lists the gear ratios on rear axles.
• 31 — 3.73 non-limited slip, F-250, single rear wheels

• C1 — 3.73 limited slip, F-250, single rear wheels
• D1 — 3.73 limited slip, F-350, single rear wheels
• 61 — 3.73 non-limited slip, F-350, dual rear wheels
• F1 — 3.73 limited slip, F-350, dual rear wheels
• 81 — 3.73 non-limited slip, F-350, narrow frame, dual rear wheels
• E1 — 3.73 limited slip, F-350, narrow frame, dual rear wheels
• EW — 4.10 limited slip, F-350, narrow frame, dual rear wheels
• 78 — 4.88 non-limited slip, F-450, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• G8 — 4.88 limited slip, F-450, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• G5 — 5.38 limited slip, F-450, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• GW — 4.10 limited slip, F-450, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• K8 — 4.88 limited slip, F-550, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• K5 — 5.38 limited slip, F-550, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• KW — 4.10 limited slip, F-550, Chassis Cab, dual rear wheels
• 75 — Dana 80, 11,000 pounds GVWR, F53 Recreational Stripped Chassis, Motorhome
• 95 — Dana 135, 13,500 pounds GVWR, F53 Recreational Stripped Chassis, Motorhome
Transmission Codes
• B — Four-speed manual, T199, (Mexico)

• W — Five-speed manual, heavy-duty overdrive (Dana ZF)
• E — Four-speed automatic overdrive (4R100)
• 6 — Six-speed manual ZF (M6HD-6)
• M — Five-speed manual overdrive Mazda (M5R2-C)
• E — Automatic (4R100) Expedition/Navigator (5.4L engine), F53 Recreational Stripped
Chassis, Motorhome
Spring Codes
The following lists available spring codes.
Front Springs
• Base part number — 5310 (RH/LH)
Rear Springs
• Base part number — 5560

• C — 5588, auxiliary rear spring
• D — 5588, auxiliary rear spring
Interior Trim Codes
The following lists the interior trim and interior color codes.
Interior Trim
• V — Vinyl bench
• K — Knitted vinyl bench
• C — Cloth bench
• F — Flight bench (Mexico only)
• M — Full bench (Mexico only)
• 3 — Cloth 40/20/40
• 8 — Leather 40/20/40
• 2 — Cloth captains chairs
• 4 — Leather captains chairs
• 5 — Leather quad captains chairs
Interior Color Codes
• X — Medium Prairie Tan

• 2 — Medium Graphite
• D — Denim Blue
Tape Stripe Codes
• S — Silver Metallic/Dark Violet/Bright Green (XLT)

• V — Prairie Tan/Dark Violet/Burnt Orange (Lariat)
• W — Cordovan (Super Crew Appearance Package)
• X — Ebony/Dark Violet/Burnt Orange (Lariat)
• D — Silver Metallic/Medium Platinum Metallic (XL and XLT)
SECTION 100-02:
Jacking and Lifting
Jacking
Lifting
SECTION 100-02: Jacking and Lifting 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
Jacking
Jacking Points
WARNING: Do not run the engine when jacking the vehicle. The wheels contacting
the ground could cause the vehicle to move.
WARNING: Make sure the jack is properly located to prevent the vehicle from
falling.
Refer to the Owner Guide for additional information on vehicle jacking.

SECTION 100-02: Jacking and Lifting 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
Lifting
WARNING: When raising a vehicle on a twin-post hoist, use extreme care positioning
the hoisting forks to avoid interference with the plastic midship fuel tank.
CAUTION: When raising a vehicle on a twin-post hoist, use care when positioning the
vehicle so that the hoisting forks do not interfere with the shock absorber mounting
brackets or stabilizer mounting brackets, if so equipped, or damage the axle carrier or rear
cover.
CAUTION: Damage to suspension, exhaust and steering linkage components can

occur if care is not exercised when positioning the hoist adapters prior to lifting the vehicle.
Hoist adapters for heavy-duty hoists must be positioned according to the hoist manufacturer's
recommendations. Be sure the hoist has an adequate lifting capacity for the vehicle being lifted.
Frame — Right Rear
Frame — Right Front
Frame — Left Front

Front Lifting Points — Motorhome
Suspension — Rear
Suspension — Rear, Motorhome
Lifting Points
CAUTION: When raising a vehicle on a twin-post hoist, use care when positioning the
vehicle so that the hoisting forks do not interfere with the shock absorber mounting
brackets or stabilizer mounting brackets, if so equipped, or damage the axle carrier or rear
cover.
CAUTION: Damage to suspension, exhaust and steering linkage components can

occur if care is not exercised when positioning the hoist adapters prior to lifting the vehicle.
Hoist adapters for heavy-duty hoists must be positioned according to the hoist manufacturer's
recommendations. Be sure the hoist has an adequate lifting capacity for the vehicle being lifted.
SECTION 100-04:
Noise, Vibration and Harshness

Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
Definitions
Normal Noise, Vibration and Harshness
Diagnostic Theory
Glossary of Terms
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Inspection and Verification
How to Use the Diagnostic Procedure
Diagnostic Procedure
Noise Diagnostic Procedure
Weight Distribution
Road Test
Hoist Test
Accessories Mounting Inspection
Axle Inspection
Drive Belt Inspection
Driveshaft Inspection
Driveshaft U-Joint Inspection
Exhaust System Inspection
Tire/Wheel Inspection
Transfer Case Inspection
Symptom Chart
Pinpoint Tests
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
Exhaust System Neutralizing
SECTION 100-04: Noise, Vibration and 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop
Harshness Manual
Definitions
Noise is any unwanted sound, usually unpleasant in nature. Possible sources of noise are:
• the engine.
• the engine accessories.
• the intake and exhaust systems.
• the driveline.
• electric motors and pumps.
• the wind.
• mechanical pumps.
• the road surface.
Vibration is an unwanted periodic motion of a body or medium. It may be felt, heard, or seen.
Possible sources of vibration include the:
• tires.
• engine.
• engine accessories.
• suspension.
• driveline.
• exhaust system.
Harshness refers to the ride quality and is very subjective. Reference to the previous conditions is
usually the only way to identify harshness as a symptom.
Normal Noise, Vibration and Harshness
All internal combustion engines and drivelines produce some noise and vibration; operating in a
real world environment adds noise and vibration that are not subject to control. Vibration
isolators, mufflers and dampers are used to reduce these to acceptable levels.
A driver who is unfamiliar with a vehicle may think that some sounds are abnormal when
actually the sounds are normal for the vehicle type. For example, four-wheel drive vehicles and
vehicles with Traction-Lok® differentials produce noise when driven on hard surfaces that does
not result on two-wheel drive vehicles or on surfaces where wheel slip can occur.
As a technician, it is very important to be familiar with vehicle features and know how they
relate to NVH concerns and their diagnosis. If, for example, the vehicle has automatic overdrive,
it is important to test drive in and out of overdrive mode.
Diagnostic Theory
The shortest route to an accurate diagnosis results from:
• system knowledge, including comparison with a known good system.

• system history, including repair history and usage patterns.
• condition history, especially any relationship to repairs or sudden change.
• knowledge of probable causes.
• using a systematic diagnostic method that divides the system into related areas.
The diagnosis and correction of noise, vibration and harshness concerns requires:
• a road test to determine the exact nature of the concern.

• an analysis of the possible causes.
• testing to verify the cause.
• repairing any concerns found.
• a road test to make sure the concern has been corrected or brought back to within a
normal range.
Glossary of Terms
Acceleration
The act or process of increasing speed. Acceleration occurs at light, medium, or wide-open
throttle (WOT) conditions.
Light Acceleration
An increase in speed at less than half throttle.
Medium Acceleration
An increase in speed at half to nearly full throttle.
WOT Acceleration
An increase in speed at wide-open throttle.
Ambient Temperature
The surrounding or prevailing temperature.
Articulation
The relative movement of attached components.
Belt Chirp
A high-pitched short-duration noise usually caused by belt misalignment.
Belt Squeal
A high-pitched long-duration noise usually caused by belt slippage.
Boom
A low-frequency (sometimes cycling) noise, often felt as well as heard.
Bound Up
A stressed isolation mount or component that transmits vibration instead of dampening or

isolating it.
Brakes Applied
The use of the brakes to keep the vehicle from moving.
Camber
The angle of the wheel in relation to the true vertical as measured looking from the front of the
vehicle. Camber is positive when the wheel angle is offset so that the top of the wheel is
positioned away from the vehicle.
Caster
The angle of the steering knuckle in relation to the true vertical as measured looking from the
side of the vehicle.
Chuckle
The noise that occurs during the coast driving phase, usually caused by excessive clearance due
to differential gear wear or by a damaged tooth on the coast side of the final drive ring gear.
Clunk
A short-duration, dull sound, usually associated with the transmission engaging in reverse or
drive, or heard upon initial drive-away.
Coast/Deceleration
The vehicle is in motion and the transmission is engaged, but no pressure is applied to the
accelerator pedal. Speed control, if equipped, is disengaged.
Coast/Neutral Coast
The vehicle is in motion with the transmission disengaged.
Controlled Rear Suspension Height
The height that a designated vehicle element must be at when driveline angle measurements are
made.
Coupling Shaft
The front shaft in a two-piece driveline system.
CPS
Cycles per second.
Cruise
Constant speed on level ground; neither accelerating nor decelerating.
Deceleration
Slowing of the vehicle by releasing the accelerator pedal, but without using the brakes.
Drive Engine Run-Up Test
The operation of the engine through the normal rpm range with the vehicle standing still and the
transmission engaged. This test is used for vibration checks.
Driveline Angles
The differences of alignment between the transmission output shaft, the driveshaft (4602), and
the rear axle pinion centerline.
Driveshaft
The shaft that transmits power to the axle input shaft (pinion shaft). In a two-piece driveline, it is
the rearmost shaft.
Drivetrain
All power transmitting components from the engine to the wheels; includes the clutch or torque
converter, the transmission, the driveline, and the drive axle.
Drivetrain Damper
A weight attached to the engine, the transmission, the transfer case, or the axle. It is tuned by
weight and placement to absorb vibration.
Dynamic Balance
The equal distribution of weight on each side of the centerline, so that when the wheel and tire
assembly spins, there is no tendency for the assembly to move from side to side (wobble).
Dynamically unbalanced wheel and tire assemblies can cause wheel shimmy. Refer to Section
204-04 for the appropriate balancing procedures.
Engine Imbalance
An exaggerated engine movement or vibration that directly increases in frequency as the engine
speed increases.
Engine Shake
A condition in which an engine's mass center is not concentric to the rotation center.
Engine Misfire
When ignition in one or more cylinders does not occur or occurs at the wrong time.
Flexible Coupling
A flexible joint in the exhaust pipe located between the catalytic converter and muffler, designed
to eliminate binding conditions in the exhaust system and eliminate exhaust NVH.
Float
A drive mode on the dividing line between cruise and coast where the throttle setting matches the
engine speed with the road speed.
Gravelly Feel
A grinding or growl in a component, similar to the feel experienced when driving on gravel.
Harshness
A firmer-than-usual response of a component.
Hose Clamp
A screw-type circular clamp.
Hz
Hertz; a frequency of one cycle per second.
Imbalance
Out of balance; heavier on one side than the other. In a rotating component, imbalance often
causes vibration.
Inboard
Toward the vehicle centerline.
In-Phase
The in-line relationship between the forward coupling shaft yoke and the driveshaft centering
socket yoke of a two-piece driveline.
Isolate
To separate from the influence of other components.
Knock
The noise caused by gear tooth damage on the drive side of the final drive ring gear, and also by
the relative motion of components that are supported by bearings.
Neutral Engine Run-Up Test
The operation of the engine through the normal rpm range with the vehicle standing still and the
transmission disengaged. This test is used to identify engine related vibrations.
Neutralize/Normalize
To relieve stress from possible bound-up components.
NVH
Noise, vibration and harshness.
Outboard
Away from the centerline of the vehicle.
Pinion Shaft
The input shaft in a driving axle that is usually a part of the smaller driving or input hypoid gear
of a ring and pinion gearset.
Pumping Feel
A slow pulsing movement.
Radial/Lateral
Radial is in the plane of rotation; lateral is at 90 degrees to the plane of rotation.
Ring Gear
The large, circular, driven gear in a ring and pinion gearset.
Road Test
The operation of the vehicle under conditions intended to produce the concern under
investigation.
Runout
Out of round or wobble.
Shake
Low frequency vibration, usually with visible movement.
Slip Yoke/Slip Spline
The driveshaft coupling that allows length changes to occur while the suspension articulates and
while the driveshaft rotates.
Static Balance
The equal distribution of weight around the wheel. Statically unbalanced wheel and tire
assemblies can cause a bouncing action called wheel tramp. This condition will eventually cause
uneven tire wear. Refer to Section 204-04 for the appropriate balancing procedures.
Tip-In Moan
A light moaning noise heard during light vehicle acceleration, usually between 40-100 km/h (25-
65 mph).
TIR
Total indicated runout.

Tire Deflection
The change in tire diameter in the area where the tire contacts the ground.
Tire Force Vibration
A tire vibration caused by variations in the construction of the tire that is noticeable when the tire
rotates against the pavement. This condition may be present on perfectly round tires because of
variations in the inner tire construction.
Tire Flat Spots
A condition commonly caused by letting the vehicle stand when the tires are warm. It can be
corrected by driving the vehicle until the tires are warm. This concern is more likely to occur
with N, V and Z-speed rated tires.
Tire wear caused by wheel-locked skids.
Two-Plane Balance
Radial and lateral balance.
Vibration
An unwanted periodic motion of a body or medium. It can be felt, heard or seen.

Harshness Manual
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
Special Tool(s)
ChassisEAR
107-R2102 or Equivalent
This section provides a working knowledge of the process of diagnosing noise, vibration and
harshness (NVH) conditions. The topics are based on the description of the condition. For
example, if the condition is a shake that occurs at high speed, the most likely place to start is
under High-Speed Shake in the symptom chart. The road test procedure will help you to sort the
conditions into categories and distinguish a vibration from a shake. It also provides quick checks
to help pinpoint or eliminate a cause.
How to Use the Diagnostic Procedure
Begin with the customer interview. Use the Glossary of Terms to find the descriptive name of
conditions not encountered before. After naming it, identify the condition by performing a road
test. Then, locate the proper diagnosis. Remember, by beginning at that point, most other
systems in the vehicle have been eliminated; when the proper method of diagnosis is identified,
the job is partly done. Follow the steps within the diagnostic procedure. Quick checks are
described within the steps, while more involved procedures and adjustments are found in the
General Procedures portion of this section. Always follow each step exactly and make notes
along the way to recall important findings later.
Diagnostic Procedure
1: Customer Interview
It is important to interview the customer. Customer feedback can supply information that could
be helpful in diagnosing the concern. Ask questions like:
• When is the concern present (at idle or while driving; at cold or warm operating
temperatures; at high or low ambient temperatures)?
• Where does the concern appear to be coming from?
• How long has the concern been there? Has it steadily become worse?
• When did the concern start?
• Does the concern change with engine speed or with vehicle speed?
Use the customer concern evaluation form, shown following the last step of this procedure, to
record customer concerns.
2: Duplicate the Noise Concern
Is the noise heard while bouncing the bumper of the vehicle, driving over rough road surfaces,
braking, when driving, or while parked?
Typically, front underbody noise is heard while doing the static bounce test (bouncing the
bumper or the vehicle). If the noise can not be duplicated with the static bounce test, or during
low speed turning maneuvers, it is most likely not suspension related.
3: Isolate the Noise Concern
If the noise can be duplicated by the static bounce test, one of the following methods will help to
locate the problem while doing the static bounce test.
• Use a stethoscope or ChassisEAR to determine the area of the chassis that the noise
appears to be coming from.
• Place your hand on the coil spring, radius arm, or stabilizer bar. This method is
sometimes misleading as the vibrations may carry from one suspension component to
another.
4: Inspecting the Vehicle
While inspecting the vehicle in the general area of the source of the noise, look for the following:
• loose fasteners
• worn/broken parts
• excessive dirt/rust accumulation
• signs of leaking fluid
• debris wrapped around the driveshaft or the axle
• bound-up mounts and components
• mud packed behind the wheels
5: Repair of the Vehicle
Use the symptom chart to find which pinpoint test, actions or other section(s) to refer to. Also,
check TSBs, OASIS/Hotline for recent techniques or known related systems concerns.
6: Test Drive the Vehicle

Repeat the method used to duplicate the problem to verify that the noise has been repaired.
7: Follow Up with the Customer
Follow up with the customer about two weeks after the repair is performed to ensure that the
noise was correctly identified and repaired.
Customer Concern Evaluation Form

Noise Diagnostic Procedure
Non-Axle Noise
There are some components, that when subject to certain conditions, can produce noise similar to
axle noise and must be considered while performing a road test diagnosis. The seven most
common are noise from the transmission, the exhaust system, the tires, roof racks, the power
steering pump, the trim mouldings, and auxiliary fluid coolers.
Be sure that none of these components are the cause of the noise concern before proceeding with
an axle teardown and diagnosis.
Noise Conditions
If noise is related to a specific component or system, refer to the appropriate workshop manual
section for further diagnosis.
Vibration Conditions
Technically, vibration is a low- to high-frequency excitation, shaking or grounding condition,

felt or heard, that is steady or variable in level and occurs during a portion of the total operating
speed range. The types of vibrations that can be felt in the vehicle are divided into three groups:
• Vibrations of various unbalanced rotating parts of the vehicle.

• Body and frame vibrations excited by powertrain, wind, or road inputs.
• Tip-in moans or resonance vibrations from stressed engine, exhaust system mounts, or
driveline flexing modes.
These vehicle vibrations can also be subdivided into those that occur at low speeds and those that
are most noticeable at higher speeds. Since the line between lower and higher speed vibrations is
not clear, there will be vibrations that overlap the two ranges.
Typical Low-Speed Vibrations (Less Than 72 km/h [45 mph]):
• exhaust vibration
• engine harshness/vibration
• driveline vibration due to improper driveline angles or bad U-joints
• power steering pump vibrations
• drive belt vibrations
• engine cooling fan vibration
• take-off shudder (driveline concerns)
• brake roughness or harshness
• driveline roughness
• clutch torsion vibration
• excessive wheel runout
• tire flat spots
• driveline slip-yoke or companion flange
• components/material trapped between the body and the frame, the engine and the frame
or the engine and the body
• automatic transmission clutch slippage
Typical High-Speed Vibrations (Above 72 km/h [45 mph]):
• axle and companion flange runout

• driveshaft imbalance
• excessive tire-wheel and rotor assembly imbalance
• tire roughness due to high non-uniformity (force variation) or out-of-balance condition
• rear axle pinion gear pitch line runout
• excessive tire and wheel runout
• components/material trapped between the body and the frame, the engine and the frame,
or the engine and the body
• worn suspension components
• front end accessory vibrations
• exhaust vibration
Harshness is the term commonly used to describe the ride quality concern of the vehicle. A hard
ride or harshness is usually caused by the tires or suspension system, namely:
• components/material trapped between the body and the frame

• overinflated, wrong size, or wrong type of tire installed on the vehicle
• suspension insufficiently lubricated
• worn suspension components
• suspension components installed with preload on the pivot point, the bearings, and the
bushings
• vehicles equipped with tires that are not specified by the manufacturer (different brand
tires often give different ride qualities to the vehicle)
• bent, bound-up or worn shock absorbers or shock isolators
• heavy-duty components installed on the vehicle
• load distribution
Other harshness conditions that effect ride quality are summarized as follows:
• Vehicle bounce — the vertical motion of a vehicle on its suspension system, front, and
rear in phase. A low frequency "float"; an intermediate frequency "kick."
• Vehicle pitch — the out-of-phase vertical motion of the front and rear of the vehicle. A
flat ride is considered the opposite of a pitch ride.
• Vehicle roll — the side-to-side rotation of the vehicle body about the front and the rear
axles.
Weight Distribution
Weight properly distributed to front and rear axles gives the best ride and steerability, and
eliminates premature failures due to overloaded axles, springs, tires, etc.
Payload distribution has a definite influence on vehicle performance. Even if the total vehicle is
not loaded beyond the recommended maximum gross vehicle weight, this does not mean that
individual components are not overloaded.
Overloading can be due to the improper positioning of heavy materials so that the load is
centered over one rear tire or so far forward in the body that the front axle and tires are
overloaded.
Unloaded or diminishing load type operations also affect the ride characteristics of a vehicle.
Road vibrations and shock, for example, are not dampened in a light vehicle to the extent that
they are under heavily loaded conditions.
Road Test
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) diagnosis must start with the customer interview and be
followed by a road test.
NVH usually occurs in five areas:
• tires
• engine accessories
• suspension
• NOTE: A gear-driven unit will produce a certain amount of noise. Some noise audible at
certain speeds or under various driving conditions is acceptable. Slight noise is not
detrimental and must be considered normal.
drivetrain
• body and interior trim panels
It is important that an NVH concern be isolated into its specific area as soon as possible. The
easiest and quickest way to do this is to perform a road test.
NVH Diagnostic Locator

Item Condition Possible Source
1 Noise, Driveline Ring Gear Runout, Excessive Backlash Variation, Companion
Vibration Flange Runout, Driveshaft Runout, Pinion Runout
2 Noise, High-Speed Wheel and Tire Imbalance, Runout, Non-Uniformity, Inflation,
Shake Force Variations, Flat Spots
3 Noise, High-Speed Wheel Bearing Roughness, Rotor Balance
Shake
4 Noise, Harshness Rear Suspension Wear, Damage, Misalignment, Binding,
Worn/Hard Bushings
5 Vibration Driveshaft Runout, Balance, Angle, U-Joint Seizure, Wear
6 Noise, Vibration Transmission Gear Wear or Damage, Torque Converter Balance,
Output Shaft Straightness, Transfer Case (4x4)
7 Noise, High-Speed Wheel Bearing Roughness, Misadjustment, U-Joint Binding (4x4),
Shake, Harshness Rotor Balance, Ball Joints
8 Noise, Harshness Front Suspension Wear, Damage, Misalignment, Steering
Intermediate Shaft, Poor Sealing of Components Passing from
Interior to Exterior
9 Tip-In Moan, Boom, Engine, Mounts, Accessories, Air Cleaner, Torque Converter, Belts
Vibration Binding, Loose, Misaligned, Worn or Damaged
10 Tip-In Moan, Noise Exhaust System Grounding, Binding, Bound Up Hangers,
Damaged/Bent Components
1. Use the Vehicle Road Test Evaluation form shown following the last step of this
procedure. Make notes on the backside of the form throughout the diagnostic routine.
2. NOTE: Do not make adjustments until a road test and a thorough visual inspection of the
vehicle is performed. Do not change the tire pressure or the vehicle load. This may
reduce the condition's intensity to a point at which it cannot be identified clearly. It may
also inject a new condition into the concern, preventing proper diagnosis.
Make a visual inspection as part of the preliminary diagnostic routine, writing down
anything that does not look right. Note the tire pressures, but do not adjust them yet. Note
leaking fluids, loose nuts/bolts, or bright spots where components are rubbing against
each other. Check the cargo area for unusual loads.
3. Perform the neutral engine run-up (NERU) test. It identifies engine or exhaust-related
vibrations and helps in sorting out vibrations that are found in the road test.
a. If the vehicle is equipped with a tachometer, it can be used. Otherwise, a tach must be
connected.
b. Locate the vehicle away from other vehicles and walls which may reflect sound
differently than a road.
c. Put the vehicle in N (neutral) or P (park) and do not set the parking brake or press on the
service brake since these are not engaged in a road test.
d. Run the engine rpm up from an idle to approximately 4000 rpm and note any moans,
vibrations, noises, etc., and the rpm at which they occur. Sometimes it is possible to "tune
in" on these conditions by running the rpm up and down to determine a precise rpm at
which they occur; in other cases they will fall over a broad range of rpm. This establishes
a baseline against which driving vibrations can be measured.
e. If you suspect that the exhaust system is vibrating, hang a ring of keys or something
similar from the tailpipe and listen for the rattling of the keys as the engine is run up and
down.
f. When conducting the road test, refer to the results of the NERU test to distinguish
vibrations and noises caused by the engine from those caused by the transmission, the
driveshaft (4602), or the axle. If a vibration or noise occurs at a particular speed, try
operating in another gear at the same speed. This changes the engine rpm and helps to
distinguish engine induced vibrations and noises. If it occurs at a particular rpm, use
different gears to test at the same rpm at different road speeds.
4. WARNING: Set both the parking brake and service brake and make sure to
perform the test with enough space ahead of the vehicle to eliminate the possibility
of an accident should the vehicle unintentionally lurch forward.
CAUTION: Do not conduct this test for over 30 seconds, or without periodic
driving or shifting to neutral to circulate transmission lubricant; otherwise the
transmission will overheat causing severe damage to the automatic transmission.
Perform the drive engine run-up (DERU) test.

Run the engine rpm up and down between an idle and approximately 2000 rpm with the
transmission in D (drive). Note the nature of any vibrations and noises and when these
concerns occur in relation to engine rpm.
Road Test Form

5. NOTE: The type of road and its surface condition are important factors in the road test.
A smooth asphalt road that allows driving over a range of speeds is best. The brushed
concrete road surface found on many expressways and the coarse aggregate sometimes
found in concrete can mask many vehicle noises and make NVH diagnosis difficult.
Road test the vehicle and define the condition by reproducing it several times during the
road test.
a. A tachometer must be used.
b. Note the fuel level. Some vehicles change in their response to various excitations when
the fuel level changes.
c. Try to duplicate the conditions with the customer present, particularly the speed and
throttle operation.
d. Find the speed where the concern is most severe.
e. Accelerate gently through this speed to a few mph above it and then coast back down a
few mph below it and note if the concern changes.
f. Repeat this procedure, if necessary, to get a feeling for the behavior. Then drive about
five mph above the speed, put the transmission in NEUTRAL, and coast down. Note any
change in behavior.
g. Try "floating" the driveline by backing off slightly on the throttle at the speed at which
the condition occurs. The idea is to unload the axle gears and the universal joints as much
as possible. If the concern does not change in all these modes of operation, the cause may
be driveline imbalance since the imbalance is not changed by the throttle position.
6. Perform the road test quick checks as soon as the condition is reproduced. This will
identify the proper method of diagnosis. Run through the quick checks more than once to
make sure you are getting a usable result.
Road Test Quick Checks
1. 24-80 km/h (15-50 mph): With light acceleration, a moaning noise is heard and possibly
a vibration is felt in the floorpan. It is usually worse at a particular engine speed and at a
particular throttle setting during acceleration at that speed. It may also produce a moaning
sound, depending on what component is causing it.
Refer to Tip-In Moan in the symptom chart.
2. 40-72 km/h (25-45 mph): With steady to heavy acceleration or deceleration, a rumble-
type noise is heard. It is very intense during heavy acceleration or deceleration and very
light during cruise or neutral coast. The vibration is hard to duplicate with vehicle
supported on a hoist, since the wheels are coasting free.
Refer to Driveshaft Vibration in the symptom chart.
3. High Speed: With slow acceleration and deceleration or at constant speed, a shake is
sometimes noticed in the steering wheel/column, seats, floorpan, trim panels or front end
sheet metal. It is a low frequency vibration (around 9-15 cycles per second). It may
increase when applying the brakes lightly.
Refer to High-Speed Shake in the symptom chart.
4. High Speed: A vibration is felt in the floorpan or seats, with no visible shake, but with an
accompanying sound or rumble, buzz, hum, drone or booming noise.
It will exist in all drive modes, but may vary somewhat in acceleration, deceleration, float
or coast modes. In some cases, the driveline vibration is eliminated in the float mode.
Refer to Driveshaft Vibration in the symptom chart.
5. Neutral Engine Run-Up: A vibration is felt whenever the engine reaches a particular rpm
either with the vehicle in motion or while the vehicle is sitting still. It can be caused by
any component from the fan back to the clutch or torque converter (7902) and by
anything that turns at engine speed when the vehicle is stopped.
Refer to Engine Accessory Vibration in the symptom chart.
Hoist Test
WARNING: If only one drive wheel is allowed to rotate, the speed must be limited to a
maximum speedometer reading of 55 km/h (34 mph) since the actual wheel speed will be
twice that indicated on the speedometer. Exceeding a speed of 55 km/h (34 mph) or
allowing the drive wheel to hang unsupported can result in tire disintegration/differential
failure, which can cause serious personal injury/extensive vehicle damage.
After a road test, it is sometimes useful to do a similar test on a hoist. (Use an axle hoist, not a
frame hoist. An axle hoist will not change the driveline angles. If only a frame hoist is available,
axle stands must be used.) Make sure the 4x4 selector is in the 2WD mode on a 4x4 vehicle.
1. WARNING: A vehicle equipped with a traction-lok® differential will always

have both wheels driving. If only one wheel is raised off the floor and the rear axle is
driven by the engine, the wheel on the floor could drive the vehicle off the stand or
jack. Be sure both rear wheels are off the floor.
Elevate the rear wheels slightly. Check to make sure both wheels will turn.
2. Start the engine and shift the transmission into DRIVE (D). Explore the speed range of
interest using the drive/cruise/float tests; refer to Road Test in this section.
3. A coast down in NEUTRAL must also be conducted. If the vehicle is free of vibration
when operating at a steady indicated speed and behaves very differently in DRIVE and
coast, an axle concern is likely.
Accessories Mounting Inspection
Inspect the drive belt accessories mounting brackets and hardware for loose fasteners or bad belt
alignment; for additional information, refer to Section 303-05.
Axle Inspection
Check for low differential lubricant; for additional information, refer to Section 205-00, Section
205-02A, Section 205-02B, Section 205-02Dor Section 205-03for more information. During
turns, the rear axle may have a chattering noise (Traction-Lok® axles only). Slight chatter noise
on slow turns after extended highway driving is considered acceptable and has no detrimental
effect on the Traction-Lok® axle functions.
Drive Belt Inspection
Inspect the drive belt (8620) and pulleys for wear or damage. The automatic tensioners have belt
wear indicator marks. If the indicator mark is not between the MIN and MAX marks, the drive
belt is worn or an incorrect drive belt is installed. With the engine idling, check for irregular
motion of the drive belt ; refer to Section 303-05 for more information.
Driveshaft Inspection
Inspect the driveshaft for any undercoating, physical damage and missing balance weights.
Check for index marks (yellow paint daub marks) on the rear of the driveshaft and the axle
companion flange. The paint daubs must be less than 22-1/2 degrees apart.
Driveshaft U-Joint Inspection
Place the vehicle on a frame hoist and rotate the driveshaft by hand. Check for rough operation
or seized U-joints. Replace the U-joint if it shows signs of seizure, excessive wear, or improper
seating; for additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
Exhaust System Inspection
Raise the vehicle on a hoist and check for broken and loose clamps and brackets. Check for
damaged and bent exhaust components and for exhaust components touching the body and the
frame. For additional information, refer to Section 309-00.
Tire/Wheel Inspection
Inspect the tires and the wheels for wear and damage. Check the tires for cupping and flat spots.
Verify that the correct tire size and wheel rim are used. If a tire/wheel is damaged, the
suspension components can suffer misalignment, abnormal wear/damage that contribute to the
tire/wheel damage. For additional information, refer to Section 204-00 or Section 204-04.
Transfer Case Inspection

Inspect the transfer case for proper operation. For additional information, refer to Section 308-
07A or Section 308-07B.
Symptom Chart
SYMPTOM CHART
Condition Possible Sources Action
• High-Speed • Tires/wheels. • GO to Pinpoint Test
Shake • Wheel bearings. A.
• Suspension/steering
linkage.
• Engine.
• Transmission.
• Brake rotors imbalance. • INSPECT for

damage; for
additional
information,
REFER to Section
206-00.
• Tip-In Moan • Air cleaner (ACL). • GO to Pinpoint Test

• Engine mounts. B.
• Exhaust.
• Idle • Engine compartment • GO to Pinpoint Test

Boom/Shake/Vib component grounding. C.
ration • Engine mounts.
• Exhaust.
• Drive belt and pulleys.
• Engine • Drive belt and pulleys. • For additional

Accessory • Mounting hardware. information,
Vibration • Accessories. REFER to Section
303-05.
• Driveshaft • Driveshaft — runout • For additional

Vibration indexing information,
(axle/transmission), REFER to driveline
companion flange, U- vibration in Section
joints and balance. 205-00.
• Tire/Wheel • Imbalanced tires. • GO to Pinpoint Test
Runout • Damaged tire/wheel. A.
• Brakes — • Brake pads. • For additional

Vibration/Shudde • Front disc brake hub information,
r and rotors. REFER to Section
• Brake calipers. 206-00.
• Axle Noise • Improper axle lubricant • For additional

level. information,
• Axle housing damage. REFER to Section
• Axle 205-00, Section
shaft/splines/bearings. 205-02A, Section
• Differential 205-02B, Section
gears/bearings. 205-02C, Section
• Broken ring gear bolts. 205-02D, Section
• Broken gear teeth. 205-02Eor Section
• Incorrect clearance 205-03.
between axle gears
(ring and pinion).
• Pinion gear/bearings.
• Noise or • Tires/wheels. • For additional

Vibration — information,
4WD Vehicles REFER to Section
204-04.
• Wheel bearings. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
204-01B.
• Driveshafts/U- • For additional

joints/front axle information,
companion shaft REFER to Section
runout. 205-00.
• Engine/transmission • GO to Pinpoint Test

mounts. C.
• Transfer case. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
308-07A or Section
308-07B.
• Engine. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
303-00.
• Transmission. • REFER to the

appropriate
transmission
section.
• Driveshaft Joint • Worn U-joints. • For additional

Noise and • Center bearing support information,
Vibration driveshaft. REFER to Section
• Worn slip yoke. 205-00.
• Worn/damaged
driveshaft.
• Non-Axle Noise • Grille whistle. • GO to Pinpoint Test

• Trim moulding. E.
• Aftermarket add-ons
(running boards,
grounding body-to-
frame, antennas, visors,
bug deflectors, etc.).
• Drive belt squeal or • For additional

chirp. information,
REFER to Section
303-05.
• Tires. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
204-04.
• Exhaust. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
309-00.

appropriate
transmission
section.
• Speed control system. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
310-03.
• Power steering system. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
211-00.
• Auxiliary transmission • For additional

fluid cooler. information,
REFER to Section
307-02.
• Wheel End • Tires/wheels. • GO to Pinpoint Test

Vibration • Wheel bearing. D.
• Brake drum/rotor
imbalance.
• Engine or transmission
mounts.
• Engine Run-Up • Engine, Transmission, • PERFORM the

Vibration Exhaust. NERU and DERU
tests; refer to Road
Test in this section.
• Engine. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
303-00.

appropriate
transmission
section.
• Exhaust. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
309-00.
• Noise and • Wheel bearings. • For additional

Vibration While information,
Turning; REFER to Section
Clicking, 204-01B (4x4) or
Popping or Section 206-03
Grinding (4x2).
• Brake components. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
206-00.
• Suspension • For additional

components. information,
REFER to Section
204-00.
• Steering components. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
211-00.
• Shudder, • Driveline angles out of • CHECK the

Vibration During specification. driveline angles; for
Acceleration additional
information,
REFER to Section
205-00. CORRECT
as necessary.
• Binding, damaged or • CHECK the

galled splines on the transmission for
slip yoke. proper lubricant.
CLEAN and lap the
splines.
LUBRICATE the
splines with
Premium Long-Life
Grease XG-1-C or
equivalent meeting
Ford specification
ESA-M1C75-B.
• U-joints binding or • For additional
seized. information,
REFER to Section
205-01.
• Rear spring U-bolt. • CHECK the U-bolts

Axle assembly for proper torque.
mispositioned. CHECK the axle
mounts for damage
and wear. REPAIR
as necessary.
• Front suspension • For additional

components. information,
REFER to Section
204-00.
• Whistle • Body system. • For additional

information,
REFER to Section
501-00.
• Wind Noise or • Body system. • For additional

Rattle • Exterior information,
trim/ornamentation. REFER to the
• Interior appropriate section
trim/ornamentation. in Group 5.
• Instrument panel.
• Door.
Pinpoint Tests
These pinpoint tests are designed to take the technician through a step-by-step diagnosis
procedure to determine the cause of a condition. It may not always be necessary to follow a chart
to its conclusion. Perform only the steps necessary to correct the condition. Then check the
operation of the system to make sure the condition has been corrected. It is sometimes necessary
to remove various vehicle components to gain access to the component to be tested. Refer to the
applicable section for removal and installation of components. After verifying that the condition
has been corrected, make sure all components removed have been installed.
PINPOINT TEST A: HIGH-SPEED SHAKE

CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
A1 ROAD TEST FOR SHAKE/VIBRATION
Accelerate the vehicle to the speed at which
the shake/vibration occurred.
Record the critical vehicle speed and engine
rpm.
Place the transmission in neutral and allow
the engine to return to idle.
• Does the shake/vibration disappear

during the neutral coast?
→ Yes
PERFORM the neutral engine run-up (NERU)
test and the Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) test;
for additional information, REFER to Road Test
in this section.
→ No
GO to A2.
A2 INSPECT THE TIRES AND THE WHEELS
Raise and support the vehicle; for additional
information, refer to Section 100-02.
2. Inspect the tires and the wheels for extreme
wear and damage. Inspect the tires for cupping
and flat spots.
• Is the condition of the tires and the

wheels OK?
Yes
GO to A3.
No
CHECK the suspension components for
misalignment, abnormal wear and damage; for
additional information, REFER to Section 204-
00. CORRECT the suspension concerns and
REPLACE the worn/damaged tires and wheels.
PERFORM a road test.
A3 CHECK THE WHEEL BEARINGS
1. Spin the tires by hand to check for wheel
bearing roughness. Check wheel bearing end play.
• Are the wheel bearings OK?
→ Yes
GO to A4.
→ No
REPLACE the wheel bearings as required; for
additional information, REFER to Section 204-
01B (4x4) or Section 206-03 (4x2). PERFORM a
road test.
A4 CHECK THE TIRE AND WHEEL BALANCE
Check the tire and wheel balance.
• Are the tires and wheels balanced?
→ Yes
GO to A5.
→ No
BALANCE the tires and wheels; for additional
information, REFER to Section 204-04.
PERFORM a road test.
A5 MEASURE RUNOUTS
For each wheel position measure, locate and
mark:
high point of tire and wheel assembly total

radial runout.
high point of wheel radial runout.
high point of wheel lateral runout.
2. Record all measurements in the chart.
Tire/Wheel
Assembly
Total Wheel Wheel
Assembly Radial Radial Lateral
Position Runout Runout Runout
Left Front
Right
Front
Left Rear
Right
Rear
Example 1.52 mm 0.50 0.63
(0.060 mm mm
Inch) (0.020 (0.025
Inch) Inch)
• Have all the tire and wheel assemblies

been measured?
→ Yes
GO to A6.
→ No
COMPLETE Step A5.
A6 ANALYZE THE RUNOUT MEASUREMENTS
1. Measurements obtained in Step A5 must fall
within the specifications listed in Condition 1 in
the following chart.
Assembly
Total Wheel Wheel
Radial Radial Lateral
Condition Runout Runout Runout
1 Less Than Less Less
1.02 mm Than Than
(0.04 1.14 1.14
Inch) mm mm
(0.045 (0.045
Inch) Inch)
2 Less Than More Less
1.02 mm Than Than
(0.04 1.14 1.14
Inch) mm mm
(0.045 (0.045
Inch) Inch)
3 Less Than Less More
1.02 mm Than Than
(0.04 1.14 1.14
Inch) mm mm
(0.045 (0.045
Inch) Inch)
4 More Less Less
Than Than Than
1.02 mm 1.14 1.14
(0.04 mm mm
Inch) (0.045 (0.045
Inch) Inch)
• Do the measurements obtained in A5

fall within the specifications listed in
Condition 1 in the chart?
→ Yes
Condition 1: Good assembly. GO to A11 .
→ No
If Condition 2 or 3, GO to A7 . If Condition 4,
GO to A8 .
A7 REPLACE THE WHEEL
1. Measure the runout on the new tire and wheel
assembly.
• Is the assembly within specification

from A6?
→ Yes
GO to A10.
→ No
If Condition 2 or 3, REPLACE the wheel and
RECHECK. If Condition 4, GO to A8 .
A8 INDEX THE TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY
1. Align the high point of total assembly radial
runout 180 degrees away from the high point of
the wheel radial runout.
2. Measure the total assembly radial runout.
• Is the total radial runout less than 1.02

mm (0.04 inch)?
→ Yes
GO to A10.
→ No
GO to A9.
A9 REPLACE THE TIRE
1. Measure the total assembly radial runout on
the new tire assembly.
• Is the total radial runout less than 1.02

mm (0.04 inch)?
→ Yes
GO to A10.
→ No
INDEX the tire and wheel assembly as in A8. If
the new assembly is now within specification GO
to A10 . If the new assembly is still not within
specification, GO to A11 .
A10 ROAD TEST
1. Balance the new tire and wheel assembly.
2. After all assemblies have been checked and
corrected, road test the vehicle.
• Is the vehicle operating correctly?
→ Yes
Vehicle is OK.
→ No
GO to A11.
A11 SUBSTITUTE WHEELS AND TIRES
1. Substitute a known good set of wheels and
tires.
2. Road test the vehicle.
3. If the vehicle exhibits a shake or vibration,
note the vehicle speed and engine rpm at which it
occurs.
• Is the vibration present?
→ Yes
For additional information, REFER to driveline
vibration in Section 205-00.
→ No
INSTALL the original tire and wheel assemblies
one by one, road testing at each step until the
damaged tire(s) is identified. REPLACE tire(s) as
necessary and RETEST.
PINPOINT TEST B: TIP-IN MOAN

B1 CHECK THE ENGINE AIR CLEANER INSTALLATION
1. For additional information, refer to Section 303-12 for proper
installation of the engine air cleaner.
• Is the engine air cleaner properly installed?
→ Yes
GO to B2.
→ No
CORRECT the condition and PERFORM a road test. If the moan persists,
GO to B2 .
B2 INSPECT THE ENGINE, THE TRANSMISSION MOUNTS, AND THE EXHAUST
SYSTEM
WARNING: Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is harmful to health

and potentially lethal. Exhaust system leaks must be repaired immediately. Never
operate the engine in an enclosed area.
WARNING: Exhaust system components are hot.

1. Inspect and replace the engine and transmission mounts as necessary.
2. CAUTION: You must neutralize the exhaust system after

neutralizing the engine and transmission mounts to prevent the exhaust
components from binding and introducing additional NVH into the
vehicle.
Neutralize the mounts; for additional information, refer to
Engine/Transmission Mount Neutralizing in this section.
3. Inspect and replace the exhaust components as necessary; for additional
4. Neutralize the exhaust system; for additional information, refer to
Exhaust System Neutralizing in this section.
5. Perform a road test.
• Is moan eliminated?
→ Yes
The vehicle is OK.
→ No
For additional information, REFER to Section 303-05 for diagnosis and
testing of the accessory drive system.
PINPOINT TEST C: IDLE BOOM/SHAKE/VIBRATION

C1 CHECK FOR ENGINE COMPARTMENT COMPONENT GROUNDING
1. Check the engine compartment for any component that is grounding
between the engine and the body or chassis.
• Are all components OK?

→ Yes
GO to C2.
→ No
CORRECT the condition and PERFORM a road test. If the
boom/shake/vibration is still present, GO to C2 .
C2 INSPECT THE ENGINE, THE TRANSMISSION MOUNTS, AND THE EXHAUST
SYSTEM
WARNING: Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is harmful to health

and potentially lethal. Exhaust system leaks must be repaired immediately. Never
operate the engine in an enclosed area.

NOTE: Disregard this step if it has already been performed in Step B2. GO to Section 303-
05 for diagnosis and testing of the accessory drive system.
1. Inspect and replace the engine and the transmission mounts as necessary.
2. CAUTION: You must neutralize the exhaust system after

neutralizing the engine and transmission mounts to prevent the exhaust
components from binding and introducing additional NVH into the
vehicle.
Neutralize the mounts; for additional information, refer to
Engine/Transmission Mount Neutralizing in this section.
3. Inspect and replace the exhaust components as necessary; for additional
4. Neutralize the exhaust system; for additional information, refer to
Exhaust System Neutralizing in this section.
• Is the condition corrected?
→ Yes
The vehicle is OK.
→ No
testing of the accessory drive system.
PINPOINT TEST D: WHEEL END VIBRATION

D1 ROAD TEST FOR VIBRATION/SHUDDER
1. Determine if the vibration/shudder is induced when making a light stop
by applying the service brakes.
• Is the vibration/shudder present?
→ Yes
INSPECT the brake system; for additional information, REFER to Section
206-00.
→ No
GO to D2.
D2 PERFORM A NEUTRAL COAST TEST
Start the Engine

2. Accelerate to the maximum legal speed.
3. Allow the engine to return to idle. If the vibration exists with the
transmission in NEUTRAL, the source is probably in the wheels, the tires,
or the driveline.
• Does the vibration disappear during the neutral coast test?
→ Yes
PERFORM the neutral engine run-up (NERU) and the drive engine run-up
(DERU) tests; for additional information, REFER to Road Test in this
section.
→ No
testing of the wheels and tires.
PINPOINT TEST E: NON-AXLE NOISE

E1 INSPECT THE VEHICLE TRIM
1. Inspect the grille and trim mouldings to see if they are the source of the
noise; for additional information, refer to Section 501-08.
• Are the vehicle trim components causing the noise?
→ Yes
REPLACE or REPAIR as necessary; for additional information, REFER to
Section 501-08.
→ No
GO to E2.
E2 CHECK FOR NON-FACTORY ACCESSORIES
Check for non-factory accessories as the source of the noise. Example:
running boards grounding the body to the frame, antennas, visors, bug
deflectors, etc.
• Are any accessories the cause of the noise?
→ Yes
ADJUST, REPAIR, or REPLACE the accessories/fasteners as required.
→ No
GO to E3.
E3 CHECK FOR ENGINE/TRANSMISSION NOISE
1. Perform the Road Test in this section.
• Is the noise engine speed related?
→ Yes
For additional information, REFER to Section 303-00 for general engine, or
to the appropriate transmission section.
→ No
GO to the Symptom Chart.
Harshness Manual
GENERAL PROCEDURES Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
CAUTION: You must neutralize the exhaust system after neutralizing the engine and
transmission mounts to prevent the exhaust components from binding and introducing
additional NVH into the vehicle.
1. Raise and support the vehicle; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
2. Loosen, but do not remove, the engine and transmission mount fasteners.
3. Lower the vehicle.
4. Operate the vehicle in forward and reverse.
5. Raise and support the vehicle.
6. Tighten the engine and transmission mount fasteners.
7. Neutralize the exhaust system; for additional information, refer to Exhaust System
Neutralizing in this section.
Harshness Manual
Exhaust System Neutralizing
WARNING: Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is harmful to health and
potentially lethal. Exhaust system leaks must be repaired immediately. Never operate the
engine in an enclosed area.
NOTE: Neutralize the exhaust system to relieve strain on mounts which may be sufficiently
bound up to transmit vibration as if grounded.
1. CAUTION: Make sure the system is warmed up to normal operating

temperature, as thermal expansion can be the cause of a strain problem.
Raise and support the vehicle; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
2. Loosen all hanger attachments and reposition the hangers until they hang free and
straight.
3. Loosen all flange joints.
4. Tighten all the hanger clamps and flanges (tighten the manifold flange joint last); for
additional information, refer to Section 309-00.
• Verify adequate clearance to prevent grounding at any point in the system.
• After neutralization, the rubber in the exhaust hangers should show some
flexibility when movement is applied to the exhaust system.

GROUP 04: Suspension
SECTION 204-00: Suspension System — General Information
SECTION 204-01A: Front Suspension — 4x2
SECTION 204-01B: Front Suspension — 4x4
SECTION 204-02: Rear Suspension
SECTION 204-04: Wheels and Tires
SECTION 204-00:
Suspension System — General Information
SPECIFICATIONS
Wheel Alignment Angles
Camber
Caster
Toe
Ride Height
Wheel Track
Dogtracking
Wander
Shimmy
Nibble
Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
Drift/Pull
Suspension System
Symptom Chart
Component Tests
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Wheel Bearing Inspection
Camber Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550
Caster Adjustment—Motorhome
Caster Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550
Camber and Caster Adjustment—F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Toe Adjustment—Motorhome
Toe Adjustment—F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Toe Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550
Lean Correction—Front, F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Lean Correction—Front, F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550
Lean Correction—Rear
Lean Correction—Motorhome
SECTION 204-00: Suspension System — General 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Information Workshop Manual
SPECIFICATIONS Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
General Specifications
Item LH RH Total/Split
Alignment Specifications — F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Caster @ Curb Ride Height 4.0° ± 2° 4.0° ± 2° 0° ± 1°
Camber @ Curb Ride Height 0.62° ± 1° 0.62° ± 1° 0° ± 1°
Toe @ Curb Ride Height (Positive Value Is Toe-In, — — 0.03° ±
Negative Value Is Toe-Out) 0.25°
Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) @ Full Load — — 12.3°
Included Angle @ Full Load — — 12.3°
Alignment Specifications — F-250 and F-350, 4x4
Alignment Specifications — F-450 and F-550,
4x2 and 4x4
Alignment Specifications — Motorhome
Caster @ Curb Ride Height 4.63° ± 4.63° ± 0° ± 0.25°
0.5° 0.5°
Camber @ Curb Ride Height 1.0° ± 1.0° ± 0° ± 0.375°
0.375° 0.375°
Toe @ Curb Ride Height (Positive Value Is Toe-In, — — 1/16 In ±
Negative Value Is Toe-Out) 1/32 In
Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) — — 5.52°
Item Specification
Dogtracking — Motorhome
Dogtracking — Maximum (Centerline of front tires compared to centerline 9 mm (0.375 in.)
of rear tires)
Dogtracking — F-250, F-350, F-450, and F-550
Dogtracking — Maximum (Centerline of front tires compared to centerline 30 mm (1.2 in)
of rear tires)
Clear Vision — F-250, F-350, F-450, and F-550
Clear Vision (Negative value is counterclockwise) -0.4° ± 3°
Clear Vision — Motorhome
Clear Vision (Negative value is counterclockwise) 0° ± 5°
Curb Ride Height — F-250, 4x2
Front 110-124 mm
(4.3-4.9 in.)
Rear — Standard Suspension 157-219 mm
(6.2-8.6 in.)
Rear — Heavy Duty Suspension 144-206 mm
(5.7-8.1 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-250, 4x4
Front 108-132 mm
(4.25-5.20 in.)
(5.7-8.1 in.)
(5.2-7.6 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Pick-Up, 4x2, Single Rear Wheel
Front 110-124 mm
(4.3-4.9 in.)
(6.2-8.6 in.)
(5.7-8.1 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Pick-Up, 4x4, Single Rear Wheel
Front 108-132 mm
(4.25-5.20 in.)
(5.7-8.1 in.)
(5.2-7.6 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Pick-Up, 4x2, Dual Rear Wheel
Front 110-124 mm
(4.3-4.9 in.)
Rear — Ford Axle with Standard Suspension 164-226 mm
(6.5-8.9 in.)
Rear — Ford Axle with Heavy Duty Suspension 151-213 mm
(5.9-8.4 in.)
Rear — Dana Axle with Standard Suspension 164-226 mm
(6.5-8.9 in.)
Rear — Dana Axle with Heavy Duty Suspension 151-213 mm
(5.9-8.4 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Pick-Up, 4x4, Dual Rear Wheel
Front 108-132 mm
(4.25-5.20 in.)
(6.0-8.5 in.)
Rear — Ford Axle with Heavy Duty Suspension 140-202 mm
(5.5-8.0 in.)
(6.0-8.5 in.)
Rear — Dana Axle with Heavy Duty Suspension 140-202 mm
(5.5-8.0 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Chassis Cab, 4x2, Single Rear Wheel
Front 110-124 mm
(4.3-4.9 in.)
(5.6-8.0 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Chassis Cab, 4x4, Single Rear Wheel
Front 108-132 mm
(4.25-5.20 in.)
(5.6-8.0 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Chassis Cab, 4x2, Dual Rear Wheel
Front 110-124 mm
(4.3-4.9 in.)
(5.8-8.3 in.)
(5.8-8.3 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-350 Chassis Cab, 4x4, Dual Rear Wheel
Front 108-132 mm
(4.25-5.20 in.)
(5.8-8.3 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-450, 4x2 and 4x4
Front 148-172 mm
(5.8-6.8 in.)
Rear 159-221 mm
(6.3-8.7 in.)
Curb Ride Height — F-550, 4x2 and 4x4
Front 148-172 mm
(5.8-6.8 in.)
Rear 175-237 mm
(6.9-9.3 in.)
Ball Joint Radial Play
Lower Ball Joint — Maximum 0.8 mm
(1/32 in.)
Upper Ball Joint — Maximum 0.8 mm
(1/32 in.)
Vehicle Lean (Side-to-Side Height Differences) — F-250, F-350, F-450, F-550
Rear — Maximum 19 mm
(0.75 in.)
Vehicle Lean (Side-to-Side Height Differences) — Motorhome
Front — Maximum 15 mm
(0.59 in.)
Rear — Maximum 20 mm
(0.78 in.)
Sealant
Threadlock and Sealer EOAZ-19554-AA WSK-M2G315-
A5
(Type II)
Camber/Caster Service Adjuster — F-250 and F-350, 4x2
LH Axle RH Axle
Service Position Slot Camber Caster Camber Caster
Adjuster Type in Axle Change Change Change Change
(Degrees) (Degrees) (Degrees) (Degrees) (Degrees) (Degrees)
1/2 0 -0.5 0 +0.5 0
1 0 -1.0 0 +1.0 0
1-1/2 0 -1.5 0 +1.5 0
1/2 45 -0.25 +0.25 +0.25 +0.25
1 45 -0.75 +0.75 +0.75 +0.75
1-1/2 45 -1.0 +1.0 +1.0 +1.0
1/2 90 0 +0.5 0 +0.5
1 90 0 +1.0 0 +1.0
1-1/2 90 0 +1.5 0 +1.5
1/2 135 +0.25 +0.25 -0.25 +0.25
1 135 +0.75 +0.75 -0.75 +0.75
1-1/2 135 +1.0 +1.0 -1.0 +1.0
1/2 180 +0.5 0 -0.5 0
1 180 +1.0 0 -1.0 0
1-1/2 180 +1.5 0 -1.5 0
1/2 225 +0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
1 225 +0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75
1-1/2 225 +1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0
1/2 270 0 -0.5 0 -0.5
1 270 0 -+1.0 0 -1.0
1-1/2 270 0 -1.5 0 -1.5
1/2 315 -0.25 -0.25 +0.25 -0.25
1 315 -0.75 -0.75 +0.75 -0.75
1-1/2 315 -1.0 -1.0 +1.0 -1.0
Torque Specifications
Description Nm Lb/Ft
Adjusting Sleeve Clamp Nuts — F-250, F-350, F-450, F-550 55 41
Adjusting Sleeve Clamp Nuts — Motorhome 80 60
Front Spring U-Bolt Nut — F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550 133 99
Front Spring U-Bolt Nut — Motorhome 350 259
a
Lower Ball Joint Nut — F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550 —
Rear Spring U-Bolt Nut — F-250, F-350 250 185
Rear Spring U-Bolt Nut — F-350 Chassis Cab 240 178
Rear Spring U-Bolt Nut — F-450 300 222
Rear Spring U-Bolt Nut — F-550 350 259
Rear Spring U-Bolt Nut — Motorhome 350 259
Upper Ball Joint Pinch Bolt — F-250 and F-350, 4x2 80 60
Upper Ball Joint Nut — F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550 125 93
1/4-Inch Diameter Bolts and Nuts — Grade 5 12 9
5/16-Inch Diameter Bolts and Nuts — Grade 5 20 15
3/8-Inch Diameter Bolts, U-Bolts and Nuts — Grade 8 50 37
1-Inch Diameter Bolts, U-Bolts and Nuts — Grade 5 860 634
a
Refer to the procedure in this section.
SECTION 204-00: Suspension System — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
General Information Workshop Manual
Wheel Alignment Angles

Super Duty Series vehicle caster and camber correction requirements are factory-determined.
Adjusters are available to correct a caster/camber measurement that does not meet specification.
Before changing the production caster/camber adjuster, thoroughly inspect the suspension
system to locate worn or damaged components that may have caused the setting to change.
Camber
Negative and Positive Camber
Camber is the vertical tilt of the wheel (1007) when viewed from the front. Camber can be
positive or negative and has a direct effect on tire wear.
Caster
Caster and Frame Angle

Item Part Number Description
1 — Positive Caster
2 — True Vertical
3 — Steering Axis
Caster is the deviation from vertical of an imaginary line drawn through the ball joints when
viewed from the side. The caster specifications in this section will give the vehicle the best
directional stability characteristics when loaded and driven. The caster setting is not related to
tire wear.
Toe
Positive Toe (Toe In)
Negative Toe (Toe Out)
The vehicle toe setting:
• affects tire wear and directional stability.

• must be checked after adding aftermarket equipment, such as a snowplow or body.
Ride Height
Front Ride Height Measurement — F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Item Description
1 Ride Height Measurement — (RH)
2 Ride Height Measurement — (LH)
Front Ride Height Measurement — F-250 and F-350, 4x4, and F-450, F-550
Rear Ride Height Measurement — 4x2

Rear Ride Height Measurement — 4x4
Wheel Track

1 — Front Track
2 — Rear Track
Dogtracking
1 — Front Track
2 — Rear Track Dogtracking
Dogtracking is the condition in which the rear axle is not square to the chassis. Heavily crowned
roads can give the illusion of dogtracking.
Wander
Wander is the tendency of the vehicle to require frequent, random left and right steering wheel
(3600) corrections to maintain a straight path down a level road.
Shimmy
Shimmy, as observed by the driver, is large, consistent, rotational oscillations of the steering
wheel resulting from large, side-to-side (lateral) tire/wheel movements.
Shimmy is usually experienced near 64 km/h (40 mph), and can begin or be amplified when the
tire contacts pot holes or irregularities in the road surface.
Nibble
Sometimes confused with shimmy, nibble is a condition resulting from tire interaction with
various road surfaces and observed by the driver as small rotational oscillations of the steering
wheel.
Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering

Poor returnability and sticky steering is used to described the poor return of the steering wheel to
center after a turn or the steering correction is completed.
Drift/Pull
Pull is a tugging sensation, felt by the hands on the steering wheel, that must be overcome to
keep the vehicle going straight.
Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with hands off the steering wheel.
• A vehicle-related drift/pull, on a flat road, will cause a consistent deviation from the
straight-ahead path and require constant steering input in the opposite direction to
counteract the effect.
• Drift/pull may be induced by conditions external to the vehicle (i.e., wind, road camber).
Poor Groove Feel
Poor groove feel is characterized by little or no buildup of turning effort felt in the steering wheel
as the wheel is rocked slowly left and right within very small turns around center or straight-
ahead (under 20 degrees of steering wheel turn). Efforts may be said to be "flat on center."
• Under 20 degrees of turn, most of the turning effort that builds up comes from the mesh
of gear teeth in the steering gear (3504). In this range, the steering wheel is not yet turned
enough to feel the effort from the self-aligning forces at the road wheel or tire patch.
• In the diagnosis of a roadability problem, it is important to understand the difference
between wander and poor groove feel.
Suspension System
1. Road test.
• Verify the customer's concern by performing a road test on a smooth road. If any
vibrations are apparent, for additional information, refer to Section 100-04.
2. Inspect tires.
• Check the tire pressure with all normal loads in the vehicle and the tires cold;
refer to the vehicle certification (VC) label.
• Verify that all tires are sized to specification; for additional information, refer to
Section 204-04.
• Inspect the tires for improper wear and damage; for additional information, refer
to Section 204-04.
3. Inspect chassis and underbody.

• Remove any excessive accumulation of mud, dirt or road deposits from the
chassis and underbody.
4. Inspect for aftermarket equipment.

• Check for aftermarket changes to the steering, suspension, wheel and tire
components (such as competition, heavy duty, etc.) The specifications shown in
this manual do not apply to vehicles equipped with aftermarket equipment.
Visual Inspection Chart

Mechanical
• Front wheel bearing(s)
• Loose or damaged front or rear suspension components
• Loose, damaged or missing suspension fastener(s)
• Loose or damaged shackle(s)
• Improper spring usage
• Damaged or sagging spring(s)
• Damaged or leaking shock absorber(s)
• Worn or damaged suspension bushing(s)
• Loose, worn or damaged steering system components
• Damaged axle components
5. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported condition is found, correct the cause (if
possible) before proceeding to the next step.
6. If the fault is not visually evident, determine the symptom and proceed to the following
symptom chart.
Symptom Chart
SYMPTOM CHART
• Dogtracking • Excessive rear • ADJUST as necessary.
thrust angle.
• Front or rear • INSPECT the front and rear

suspension suspension systems.
components. REPAIR or REPLACE as
necessary. For additional
information, REFER to
Section 204-01A, Section
204-01B or Section 204-02.
• Drive axle • REPAIR as necessary.

damaged. REFER to the appropriate
section in Group 2.
• Drift/Pull • Unequal tire • ADJUST tire pressure.

pressure.
• Excessive side- • ADJUST as necessary.

to-side
difference in
caster or
camber.
• Tire forces. • ROTATE tires front to rear.
• Unevenly • NOTIFY the customer of

loaded or
overloaded improper vehicle loading.
vehicle.
• Steering • For additional information,

components. REFER to Section 211-00.
• Brake drag. • For additional information,

REFER to Section 206-00.
• Front Bottoming • Front spring(s). • REPLACE any

or Riding Low unserviceable front
spring(s) as necessary. For
additional information,
REFER to Section 204-01A
or Section 204-01B.
• Front • REPLACE as necessary.

suspension For additional information,
bumper(s). REFER to Section 204-01A
or Section 204-01B.
• Improper Tire • Incorrect tire • ADJUST tire pressure.

Wear pressure (rapid
center rib or
inner and outer
edge wear).
• Excessive front • ADJUST as necessary.

or rear toe (rapid
inner or outer
edge wear).
• Excessive • ADJUST as necessary.

negative or
positive camber
(rapid inner or
outer edge
wear).
• Tires out of • BALANCE tires.

balance (tires
cupped or
dished).
• Rear Spring • Rear spring(s). • INSTALL new rear spring
Squeak anti-squeak inserts.
• Shackle • REPLACE as necessary.

bushing(s).
• Rough Ride • Shock • REPLACE as necessary.

absorber(s).
• Spring(s). • REPLACE as necessary.

For additional information,
REFER to Section 204-
01A, Section 204-01B or
Section 204-02.
• Shimmy or • Loose lug • TIGHTEN to specification.

Wheel Tramp nut(s). For additional information,
• Loose front • TIGHTEN to specification.

fasteners. REFER to Section 204-01A
or Section 204-01B.
• Front wheel • GO to Wheel Bearing

bearing Inspection in this section.
adjustment.
• Wheel or tire • For additional information,

concerns. REFER to Section 204-04.
• Springs. • REPLACE as necessary.

Section 204-02.
• Loose, worn or • GO to the Ball Joint

damaged ball Inspection component test
joints. in this section.
• Loose, worn or • For additional information,

damage steering
• Front wheel • ADJUST as necessary.

alignment.
• Sticky Steering, • Ball joints. • GO to the Ball Joint

Poor Inspection component test
Returnability in this section.

• Front wheel • ADJUST as necessary.

alignment.
• Steering Wheel • Unequal front or • ADJUST as necessary.

Off-Center rear toe settings
(side-to-side).

• Sway or Roll • Overloaded, • NOTIFY the customer of

unevenly or improper vehicle loading.
improperly
loaded vehicle.
• Loose lug • TIGHTEN to specification.

nut(s). For additional information,
• Shock • REPLACE as necessary.

absorber(s).
• Loose stabilizer • TIGHTEN to specification.

assembly. For additional information,
Section 204-02.
• Worn stabilizer • REPLACE as necessary.

assembly For additional information,
bushing(s). 01A, Section 204-01B or
Section 204-02.
• Worn spring(s). • REPLACE as necessary.

Section 204-02.
• Vehicle Leans to • Unevenly • NOTIFY the customer of

One Side loaded or improper vehicle loading.
overloaded
vehicle.
• Front or rear • INSPECT the front and rear

suspension suspension systems.
components. REPAIR or REPLACE as
204-01B or Section 204-02.
• Spring(s). • REPLACE any

unserviceable spring(s) or
components as necessary.
Section 204-02.
• Incorrect ride • INSPECT the rear

height. Lateral suspension system.
tilt out of REPAIR or REPLACE any
specification. unserviceable rear
suspension components as
204-01B or Section 204-02.
• Vibration/Noise • Tires and wheel • For additional information,

concerns. REFER to Section 100-04.
• Wheel bearings.
• Wheel hubs.
• Brake
components.
• Suspension
components.
• Steering
components.
• Wander • Unevenly • NOTIFY the customer of

loaded or improper vehicle loading.
overloaded
vehicle.
• Ball joint(s). • GO to the Ball Joint

Inspection component test
in this section.
• Loose, worn or • GO to Wheel Bearing

damaged front Inspection in this section.
wheel
bearing(s).
• Loose, worn or • REPLACE as necessary.

damaged For additional information,
suspension REFER to Section 204-01A
components(s). or Section 204-01B.
• Loose • TIGHTEN to specification.

fasteners. REFER to Section 204-01A
or Section 204-01B.

• Wheel • ADJUST as necessary.

alignment
(excessive total
front toe out).
Component Tests
Ball Joint Inspection
2. Prior to performing any inspection of the ball joints, inspect the front wheel bearings
(1216); for additional information, refer to Wheel Bearing Inspection in this section.
3. Position a safety stand beneath the front axle to be tested.
4. While an assistant pulls and pushes the bottom of the tire, observe the relative movement
between the lower spindle arm and the front axle. Any movement at or exceeding the
specification indicates a worn or damaged lower ball joint. Replace as necessary; for
additional information, refer to Section 204-01A or Section 204-01B.
5. While an assistant pulls and pushes the top of the tire, observe the relative movement
between the upper spindle arm and the front axle. Movement at or exceeding the
specification indicates a worn or damaged upper ball joint. Replace the upper ball joint as
necessary; for additional information, refer to Section 204-01A or Section 204-01B.
Wheel Bearing Inspection

1. Raise the vehicle until the tire is off the floor; for additional information, refer to Section
100-02.
2. NOTE: Make sure the wheel rotates freely and the brake pads are retracted sufficiently to
allow movement of the tire and wheel assembly.
Grasp each front tire at the top and bottom and move the wheel inward and outward while
lifting the weight of the tire off the front wheel bearing.
3. If the tire and wheel (hub) is loose on the wheel spindle or does not rotate freely, perform
one of the following actions.
• On 4x2 vehicles, adjust the front wheel bearings; for additional information, refer
to Section 204-01A.
• On 4x4 vehicles, replace the wheel hub (1104); for additional information, refer to
Section 204-01B.
Camber Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550
Special Tool(s)
Steering Arm Remover
211-003 (T64P-3590-F)
2. Remove the front wheel; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
3. Check and note the amount of camber in the current camber adjuster sleeve.
4. Select a new camber adjuster sleeve.

• The camber change required to obtain the optimum settings must be added or
subtracted from the amount of camber in the old or production camber adjuster
sleeve.
• Use this example as a guide. If the LH wheel camber must be reduced 1 degree
and the existing camber adjuster sleeve has a +5 degree of camber, select the -0.5
degree camber adjuster sleeve.
5. Remove the cotter pin and castellated nut. Discard the cotter pin.
6. Install the nut.

7. Loosen the nut to the end of the lower ball joint stud.
8. CAUTION: Use care not to damage the brake and vacuum lines when striking
the spindle.
Separate the spindle from the axle.
9. Remove the nut.
10. Remove the camber adjuster sleeve.

• Use the Steering Arm Remover.
11. Install the new camber adjuster sleeve.
12. Remove the nut.
13. Install the nut and tighten to initial torque.

• Apply Threadlock and Sealer EOAZ-19554-AA or equivalent meeting Ford
specification WSK-M2G315-A5 (Type II).
14. Install the castellated nut and a new cotter pin.
15. Tighten the nut to final torque.
16. Install the front wheel; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
18. Recheck the camber measurement. Readjust as necessary.

Caster Adjustment—Motorhome
2. Support the axle and the chassis independently.
3. Remove the nuts. Discard the U-bolts and nuts.
4. Lower the axle enough to insert the adjustment wedge.

5. Insert the caster adjustment wedge.
6. Install new U-bolts and nuts. Tighten the nuts.

• Note the U-bolt size and tighten to specification.
7. Lower the vehicle; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
8. Recheck the caster.

Caster Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550

2. Remove the front wheel; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
3. Support the axle.
4. Remove and discard the four nuts and two U-bolts.
5. Separate the front axle from the springs.

6. Remove the existing caster adjustment shim, if necessary.
• Note the amount of caster and the orientation of the existing caster adjustment
shim.
7. Select a new caster adjustment shim.

• The caster change required to obtain the optimum settings must be added or
subtracted from the amount of caster in the old or productions caster adjustment
shim.
• Use this example as a guide. If the LH wheel caster must be reduced 1 degree and
the existing caster adjustment shim has +2 degree of caster, select the 1 degree
caster adjustment shim.
8. Install the new caster adjustment shim.

• To increase caster, position the thin edge of the shim toward the front of the
vehicle.
• To decrease caster, position the thin edge of the shim toward the rear of the
vehicle.
• Position the caster adjustment shim so the spring seat tie bolt sets through the
shim into the axle housing.
9. Install four new nuts and two new U-bolts.
10. Remove the support from the axle.
13. Recheck the caster measurement. Readjust as necessary.

Camber and Caster Adjustment—F-250 and F-350, 4x2
Special Tool(s)
211-003 (T64P-3590-F)
1. CAUTION: Do not bend axles or radius arms to change alignment.
Using an alignment rack and manufacturer's instructions, measure the caster and camber.
• Refer to Alignment Specifications in the Specifications portion of this section for

optimal alignment settings.
• Note any difference between the actual measurements and the specification. This
information will be used to select the correct service adjuster.
2. Raise and support the front end; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
3. Remove the front wheel(s); for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
4. Check the type and orientation of the installed adjuster.

• Production adjusters have a round flange, a side tab and the amounts of caster and
camber stamped in the top of the adjuster.
The first number is the amount of caster; the second number is the amount
of camber in degrees if the adjuster is installed in the right-hand axle
position.
If the adjuster is in the left-hand axle, the caster number is the opposite
sign of the number shown. For example, a positive amount in the right-
hand axle is a negative amount in the left axle, and a negative amount in
the right-hand is a positive in the left-hand position.
• Service adjusters have a hex flange, no side tab and the adjustment amount of the
caster and camber stamped into the top.
5. NOTE: The assembly plant sometimes builds vehicles with adjusters that are not 0-
degree type to control alignment. The Camber/Caster Service Adjuster chart shows the
alignment changes that will occur if the vehicle was originally built with 0-degree
adjusters.
Select a new service adjuster and its orientation in the axle to obtain the optimum
caster/camber. Refer to the Camber/Caster Service Adjuster chart in the Specifications
portion of this section.
• Note that the caster change or camber change required to obtain the optimum
settings must be added to amounts of caster/camber in the old or production
adjuster.
• Use this example as a guide. If caster must be reduced 1 degree and camber
increased +0.75 degree at the LH wheel, and the existing adjuster has +0.25-
degree caster as installed, select the 1-degree service adjuster and orient the slot
225 degrees from the straight-ahead position. In all cases, select the adjuster and
orientation that will bring the alignment closest to the optimal settings.
6. Loosen the pinch bolt. Using the Steering Arm Remover, remove the adjuster from the
axle.
7. Install the new service adjuster. Orient the slot as noted in Step 5.
1. Position the new adjuster as specified in the chart.
2. Tighten the pinch bolt.
9. Lower the front end; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
10. Check the alignment. If not at optimal caster/camber specification, additional adjustment
of the rotational orientation of the adjuster is required.
11. Once optimal caster/camber has been achieved, reset the toe and clear vision to optimal
settings.
Toe Adjustment—Motorhome
1. Loosen the clamp at both ends of the tie rod.
2. Rotate the tie rod to bring the toe into specification.
3. NOTE: For movable tie rod clamps, make sure the tab is against the end of the tie rod.
NOTE: Note the specification for the tie rod clamp orientation.
Tighten the clamp to specification.

4. Recheck the toe.
Toe Adjustment—F-250 and F-350, 4x2

1. Start the engine (6007) and center the steering wheel (3600).
2. Turn the engine off, and hold the steering wheel in the straight-forward position by
attaching a rigid link from the steering wheel to the brake pedal.
3. Check the toe settings; follow the manufacturer's instructions.
4. Loosen the nuts.

• Clean and lubricate the steering linkage and tie rod end threads.
5. Rotate the tie rod adjusting sleeves (3281) to obtain the correct toe setting.
6. Position the RH adjusting sleeve clamp opening downward within 45 degrees of vertical.
Tighten the nuts.
7. Position the LH adjusting sleeve clamp opening upward within 45 degrees of vertical.
Tighten the nuts.
8. Recheck the toe settings; follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Toe Adjustment—F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550

1. Start the engine. Center the steering wheel.
2. Turn the engine off. Use a rigid link from the steering wheel to the brake pedal to lock
the steering wheel in the straight-forward position.
3. NOTE: If the RH toe measurement is within specifications and only the LH toe
measurement needs adjustment, go to Step 6.
Loosen the nuts.
4. Rotate the tie rod adjusting sleeve to the correct toe setting.
5. Tighten the nuts.
6. Loosen the nuts.

7. Rotate the tie rod adjusting sleeve to the correct toe setting.
8. Tighten the nuts.
9. Recheck the toe settings. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Lean Correction—Front, F-250 and F-350, 4x2

1. If lean correction is required, remove the high side front coil spring (5310); for additional
information, refer to Section 204-01A.
2. Compare the height of the original front coil spring with a new one with the same part
number. Note the difference.
3. If the original front coil spring exceeds the height of the new one by 13 mm (1/2 in.),
install the new front coil spring in the vehicle; for additional information, refer to Section
204-01A.
4. If the original front coil spring is shorter than the new one by at least 13 mm (1/2 in.),
remove the low side front coil spring from the vehicle; for additional information, refer to
Section 204-01A.
5. Compare all three front coil springs and select the two most evenly matched for
installation.
6. Install the tallest replacement front coil spring on the low side of the vehicle; for
additional information, refer to Section 204-01A.
Lean Correction—Front, F-250, F-350, 4x4 and F-450, F-550

1. NOTE: Front side lean can be adjusted approximately 10 mm (3/8 in.) by installing shim
D7TZ-5742-A on the low side. A vehicle that is low at the front can be raised by
installing shims at both sides.
3. Remove and discard the four nuts and two U-bolts.
4. Separate the front axle from the springs.

5. Turn the shim so the recess is facing upward.
6. Insert the shim between the spring and the spring seat.
• Position the shim so the spring tie bolt is in the shim recess, the stud on the
bottom of the shim is in the spring seat recess, and the shim is aligned with the
spring.
7. Install two new U-bolts and four new nuts.


Lean Correction—Rear
1. NOTE: Rear side lean can be adjusted approximately 10 mm (3/8 in.) by installing shim
D7TZ-5742-A on the low side. A vehicle that is low at the rear can be raised by installing
shims at both sides.
Raise and support the vehicle frame until the weight is off the rear springs but with the
tires still touching the floor; for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
3. Remove and discard the four nuts and two U-bolts to allow the rear axle to separate from
the rear spring (5560).
4. Turn the shim so the recess is facing upward.

5. Insert the shim between the rear spring and the spring seat.
• Position the shim so the tie bolt through the spring leaves is in the shim recess, the
stud on the bottom of the shim is in the spring seat recess, and the shim is aligned
with the rear spring.
6. Install two new U-bolts and four new nuts.

Lean Correction—Motorhome
1. CAUTION: Corrections should not be attempted on vehicles with a bumper-to-

ground height right-to-left variation of 25.4 mm (1 inch) or less. Corrections should
not be made if the ride height variation is 12.7 mm (1/2 inch or less).
2. Position a separate support for the front axle.
3. Raise the front axle to relieve front spring tension.
4. Remove the nuts, U-bolts and upper spacer. Discard the nuts and U-bolts.
5. Lower the front axle enough to insert the spacer.

6. NOTE: Make sure the locator pin on the bottom of the spacer is in the locator hole in the
spring pad.
Position the spacer and caster adjustment wedge, if required, on the spring pad.
7. Raise the axle.
8. Install the upper spacer, new U-bolts and new nuts.

• Tighten to specification.
SECTION 204-01A: Front Suspension — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop
4x2 Manual
Item Specification
Motorcraft Premium Long-Life Grease ESA-M1C75-B
XG-1-C or -K
Threadlock® and Sealer EOAZ-19554-AA WSK-M2G315-A5
(Type II)
Torque Specifications — F-250, F-350

Description Nm Lb/Ft Lb/In
Upper Spring Retainer Bolt-to-Spring/Shock Tower 35 26 —
Lower Spring Retainer Nut-to-Lower Spring Seat 133 99 —
Radius Arm Retainer Bolt-to-Axle/Radius Arm Retainer Nut 400 295 —
Radius Arm Pivot Bolt Retainer Nut-to-Radius Arm Bracket 250 185 —
Radius Arm Bracket-to-Frame 80 60 —
Axle Pivot Bolt Retainer Nut-to-Axle Pivot Bracket 175 130 —
Axle Pivot Bracket Nut-to-Frame 80 60 —
Shock Absorber-to-Spring/Shock Tower Nut 40 30 —
Upper Spindle Pinch Bolt Nut-to-Axle 80 60 —
a
Lower Spindle Nut-to-Axle — —
Lower Shock Absorber Retainer Nut 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut-to-Lower Spring Seat 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut-to-Stabilizer Bar 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Frame 48 36 —
Tie Rod End Retainer Nut-to-Spindle 90 67 —
Steering Damper Retainer Nut-to-Steering Damper Bracket 90 67 —
Steering Damper Retainer Nut-to-Steering Linkage Bracket 90 67 —
Steering Damper Bracket Retainer Nut-to-Frame 90 67 —
Steering Damper Bracket-to-Steering Linkage 28 21 —
ABS Sensor Retaining Bolt-to-Spindle 8 — 71
ABS Sensor Harness Retaining Bolt 8 — 71
Disc Brake Rotor Shield 8 — 71
a
Follow the procedure in this section.
Torque Specifications — F-450, F-550

Front Spring Hanger Nut-to-Front Spring 350 259 —
Front Spring Hanger Bracket Bolts-to-Frame 103 76 —
Front Spring Shackle Bracket Nut-to-Front Spring 250 185 —
Front Spring Shackle Bracket Nut-to-Shackle Bracket Assembly 250 185 —
Shackle Bracket Assembly Bolt-to-Frame 90 67 —
Front Spring U-Bolt Nut-to-Axle 133 99 —
Trackbar-to-Trackbar Bracket 175 130 —
Trackbar-to-Trackbar Axle Bracket 175 130 —
Lower Shock Absorber Retaining Nut-to-Front Spring Spacer Plate 103 76 —
Upper Shock Absorber Retainer Bolt-to-Upper Shock Absorber Bracket 103 76 —
Upper Shock Absorber Bracket-to-Frame 103 76 —
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut-to-Stabilizer Bar Link Bracket 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Link Bracket-to-Frame 103 76 —
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut-to-Stabilizer Bar 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle 47 35 —
Axle Bumper Assembly-to-Frame 40 30 —
Upper Spindle Nut-to-Axle 125 93 —
a
Lower Spindle Nut-to-Axle — —
Tie Rod End Retainer Nut-to-Spindle 90 67 —
Steering Damper Retainer Nut-to-Steering Damper Bracket 90 67 —
Steering Damper Retainer Nut-to-Steering Linkage Bracket 90 67 —
Steering Damper Bracket Retainer Nut-to-Frame 90 67 —
Steering Damper Bracket-to-Steering Linkage 28 21 —
ABS Sensor Retainer Bolt-to-Spindle 8 — 71
a
Follow the procedure in this section.
Torque Specifications — Motorhome Chassis

Front Spring Hanger Nut-to-Front Spring 246 182 —
Front Spring Hanger Bracket Nut-to-Frame 90 67 —
Front Spring Shackle Bracket Nut-to-Front Spring 125 93 —
Front Spring Shackle Bracket Nut-to-Shackle Bracket Assembly 133 99 —
Shackle Bracket Assembly Nut-to-Frame 90 67 —
Front Spring U-Bolt Nut-to-Axle 353 260 —
Lower Shock Absorber Retaining Nut-to-Front Spring 353 260 —
Upper Shock Absorber Retainer Bolt-to-Upper Shock Absorber Bracket 353 260 —
Upper Shock Absorber Bracket-to-Frame 352 260 —
Upper Stabilizer Bar Link Nut-to-Frame 90 67 —
Stabilizer Bar Clamp-to-Axle Bracket 90 67 —
Stabilizer Bar Axle Bracket-to-Axle 80 60 —
Axle Bumper Assembly-to-Frame 48 36 —
Spindle Steering Drag Link Arm Nut-to-Spindle 575 424 —
Spindle Steering Arm Nut-to-Spindle 575 424 —
Spindle Lock Pin Retaining Nut 81 60 —
Spindle Pin Cap 56 42 —
Tie Rod End Retainer Nut-to-Spindle Steering Arm 89 66 —
Spindle Adapter Plate Retaining Nut-to-Spindle 90 67 —
ABS Sensor Retaining Bolt-to-Spindle 11 — 98
4x2 Manual
Front Suspension
Front Suspension Components — F-250, F-350

1 3B183 Radius Arm Bracket — (LH)
1 3B095 Radius Arm Bracket — (RH)
2 18045 Shock Absorber
3 3B346 Radius Arm — (LH)
3 3405 Radius Arm — (RH)
4 3007 Front Axle I-Beam — (LH)
4 3006 Front Axle I-Beam — (RH)
5 3B404 Upper Ball Joint Adjuster
6 5B316 Lower Spring Seat — (LH)
6 5B307 Lower Spring Seat — (RH)
7 5310 Coil Spring
8 3020 Front Axle Jounce Bumper
9 3C140 Front Stabilizer Bar Link
10 5494 Front Stabilizer Bar

1 5484 Front Stabilizer Bar Insulator
2 3B353 Front Stabilizer Bar Retainer
4 3106 Front Spindle Assy
5 3B008 Tie Rod End
6 3B346 Radius Arm — (LH)
6 3405 Radius Arm — (RH)
7 3B404 Upper Ball Joint Adjuster
8 3007 Front Axle I-Beam — (LH)
8 3006 Front Axle I-Beam — (RH)
9 5B316 Lower Spring Seat —
(with Stabilizer Bar)
10 5A316 Lower Spring Seat —
(Without Stabilizer Bar)
11 5414 Lower Spring Insulator
12 5A349 Lower Spring Retainer
13 5310 Coil Spring

1 18035 Upper Shock Bracket
2 3A094 Front Trackbar Bracket
3 3020 Front Axle Jounce Bumper
5 3B353 Stabilizer Bar Retainer
6 5494 Stabilizer Bar
7 5C495 Stabilizer Link Bracket
8 5K483 Stabilizer Bar Link
9 5310 Front Spring Assy
10 5B311 Front Spring Shackle
11 5335 Front Spring Shackle Assy

1 5L302 Front Spring Insulator Sleeve
2 5341 Front Spring Hanger Bracket — (LH)
2 5340 Front Spring Hanger Bracket — (RH)
4 3A094 Front Trackbar Bracket
5 3B239 Front Trackbar Assy
6 5A316 Front Spring Cap
7 5458 Front Spring Spacer Plate
8 N801485-S428 Front Spring U-Bolt
Front Suspension Components — Motorhome Chassis

1 3010 Front Axle Assy
2 3B406 Drag Ling
3 3146 Steering Spindle Drag Link Arm
4 3131 Steering Spindle Arm — (LH)
4 3130 Steering Spindle Arm — (RH)
5 3280 Tie Rod End
6 3145 Front Wheel Spindle Stop
7 3106 Front Wheel Spindle — (LH)
7 3105 Front Wheel Spindle — (RH)
8 3113 Spindle Pin Cap
9 3125 Spindle Pin Seal
10 3123 Spindle Bearing Assy
11 3122 Spindle Pin Locking Bolt
12 3117 Spindle Shim
13 3125 Spindle Pin Seal
14 3122 Spindle Pin Locking Bolt
15 3115 Spindle Pin
Front Suspension Components — Motorhome Chassis

1 5335 Front Spring Shackle Bracket
2 5B311 Front Spring Shackle
4 18035 Front Shock Absorber Bracket
6 5455 Front Spring U-Bolt
7 5486 Stabilizer Bar Mounting Bracket
9 5488 Front Stabilizer Bar-to-Axle Clamp
10 5484 Stabilizer Bar Insulator
12 5L496 Stabilizer Bar Link Bracket
13 5340 Front Spring Hanger Bracket

4x2 Manual
Front Suspension
Refer to Section 204-00.
4x2 Manual
Wheel Bearing Adjustment—F-250, F-350, F-450, F-550
CAUTION: Wheel seals on the front axles must be replaced any time the axle
lubricants are changed from factory-installed mineral lube to synthetic lube or vice versa.
CAUTION: If bearings are adjusted too tightly, they will overheat and wear rapidly.
An adjustment that is excessively loose can cause pounding and contribute to uneven tire
wear, steering difficulties and inefficient brakes. Check bearing adjustment at regular
inspection intervals. New wheel seals must be installed when the hub is removed. A
damaged or worn seal can permit bearing lubricant to reach the brake linings, resulting in
ineffective brake operation and necessitating premature replacement of linings. To check
the wheel bearing adjustment, raise the front of the vehicle. Grasp the tire at the sides, and
alternately push inward and pull outward on the tire. If any looseness is felt, adjust the
front wheel bearings as follows.
NOTE: Super Duty F-250, F-350 shown, Super Duty F-450, F-550 similar.
1. Remove the hub cap from the hub.
2. Remove the cotter pin and the castellated nut.

3. While rotating the wheel, tighten the adjusting nut to specification as illustrated to seat
the bearings.
4. Back off the adjusting nut until loose.
5. While rotating the wheel, tighten the adjusting nut to specification as illustrated. Torque
required to rotate the hub should be 2 Nm (18 lb-in).
6. Install the castellated nut and insert a new cotter pin.
7. Install the hub cap.

4x2 Manual
Wheel Bearing Adjustment—Motorhome
CAUTION: Wheel seals on the front axles must be replaced any time the axle
lubricants are changed from factory-installed mineral lube to synthetic lube or vice versa.
CAUTION: If bearings are adjusted too tightly, they will overheat and wear rapidly.
An adjustment that is excessively loose can cause pounding and contribute to uneven tire
wear, steering difficulties and inefficient brakes. Check bearing adjustment at regular
inspection intervals. New wheel seals must be installed when the hub is removed. A
damaged or worn seal can permit bearing lubricant to reach the brake linings, resulting in
ineffective brake operation and necessitating premature replacement of linings. To check
the wheel bearing adjustment, raise the front of the vehicle. Grasp the tire at the sides, and
alternately push inward and pull outward on the tire. If any looseness is felt, adjust the
front wheel bearings as follows.
1. Remove the hub cap and gasket from the hub.
2. Remove the cotter pin.

3. While rotating the wheel, tighten the adjusting nut to specification as illustrated to seat
the bearings.
4. Back off the adjusting nut until loose.
5. Finger-tighten the adjusting nut. Final bearing adjustment end play must be within the
specification as illustrated. The final adjustment must not result in a preloaded bearing.
6. If the cotter pin hole lines up with a slot in the nut, insert and secure the new cotter pin. If
it does not, advance the adjusting nut to align a slot with the first available cotter pin
hole. Insert and secure a new cotter pin.
7. Install the gasket and hub cap.

4x2 Manual
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
Wheel Hub and Bearing—F-250, F-350
Removal
2. Remove the front wheel and tire assemblies; for additional information, refer to Section
204-04.
3. Remove the front disc brake caliper and rotor, and position the caliper out of the way; for
4. Remove the hub cap from the hub assembly.
5. Remove the cotter pin, adjusting nut and flatwasher.
6. NOTE: Inspect the condition of the spindle and nut threads to ensure a free turning nut
when reassembling.
Remove the outer bearing cone and roller assembly, and pull the hub assembly from the
spindle.
7. Using care not to damage the bearing cage, use a suitable slide hammer and bearing seal
remover to remove the inner bearing cone and bearing seal.
Installation
1. CAUTION: Do not spin the bearing dry with compressed air.
NOTE: Remove all traces of lubricant from the bearings, hub and axle spindle. Inspect
bearings and bearing cups for pitting, spalling or unusual wear. If either bearings or
bearing cups are worn or damaged, replace both bearings and bearing cups.
NOTE: It is recommended that bearings and bearing cups be replaced in sets. If cups are
worn or damaged, install the inner and outer bearing cups in the hub with an appropriate
bearing cup driver tool. Check for proper seating of new bearing cups by trying to insert a
0.38-mm (0.0015-inch) feeler gauge between the bottom face of the cup and wheel hub
seat. You should not be able to insert the feeler gauge.
Remove all burrs, nicks or scratches from the shoulder of the spindle and seal bore in the
hub with emery cloth.
2. Pack the inside of the hub with lithium-base wheel bearing grease such as Motorcraft
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or -K or equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-
M1C75-B. Fill the hub until the grease is flush with the inside diameters of both bearing
cups.
3. Pack the bearing cone and roller assemblies with wheel bearing grease. Use a bearing
packer for this operation. If a packer is not available, work as much lubricant as possible
between the rollers and cages.
4. CAUTION: Keep the hub centered on the spindle to prevent damage to the
grease seal or spindle threads.
Place the inner bearing cone and roller assembly in the inner cup and install the wheel
bearing hub seal, using a suitable seal replacer. Make sure seal is fully seated and
lubricated.
5. Install the hub assembly.
6. Install the outer bearing cone and roller assembly and the flatwasher on the spindle and
install the adjusting nut; refer to Wheel Bearing Adjustment—F-250, F-350, F-450, F-
550 in this section for final bearing adjustment. Install a new cotter pin.
7. Install the hub cap.
8. Install the front disc brake caliper and rotor; for additional information, refer to Section
206-03.
9. Install the front wheel and tire assemblies; for additional information, refer to Section
204-04.
4x2 Manual
Wheel Hub and Bearing—F-450, F-550
Removal and Installation
1. Remove the wheel and tire assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
2. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor electrical connector.
3. Detach the sensor harness from the brake hose.
4. Remove the bolts and position the caliper, pads and anchor plate aside.
5. Remove the eight nuts, the hub extender and the brake disc.
6. Remove the bolt.
7. Remove the nuts and the hub and bearing.

8. Remove the shield.
9. Remove the bolt and the sensor.
10. Position the hub and bearing in a vise with protective caps, and remove the studs using
two mounting nuts.
11. Remove and discard the O-ring.

12. CAUTION: Make sure that the wheel hub and brake disc mounting surfaces
are clean.
To install, reverse the removal procedure.

4x2 Manual
Wheel Hub and Bearing—Motorhome
Removal
204-04.
3. Remove the front disc brake caliper and position out of the way; for additional
4. Remove the hub cap and gasket from the hub and rotor assembly.
5. Remove the cotter pin, adjusting nut and flatwasher.
6. NOTE: Inspect the condition of the spindle and nut threads to ensure a free turning nut
when reassembling.
Remove the outer bearing cone and roller assembly.
7. Pull the hub and rotor assembly from the spindle.
8. Using care not to damage the bearing cage, use a suitable slide hammer and bearing seal
remover to remove the inner bearing cone and bearing seal.
Installation
1. CAUTION: Do not spin the bearing dry with compressed air.
NOTE: Remove all traces of old lubricant from the bearings, hub and axle spindle.
Inspect bearings and bearing cups for pitting, spalling or unusual wear. If either bearings
or bearing cups are worn or damaged, replace both bearings and bearing cups.
NOTE: It is recommended that bearings and bearing cups be replaced in sets. If cups are
worn or damaged, install the inner and outer bearing cups in the hub with an appropriate
bearing cup driver tool. Check for proper seating of new bearing cups by trying to insert a
0.38-mm (0.0015-inch) feeler gauge between the bottom face of the cup and wheel hub
seat. You should not be able to insert the feeler gauge.
Remove all burrs, nicks or scratches from the shoulder of the spindle and seal bore in the
hub with emery cloth.
2. Pack the inside of the hub with lithium-base wheel bearing grease such as Motorcraft
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or -K or equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-
M1C75-B. Fill the hub until the grease is flush with the inside diameters of both bearing
cups.
3. Pack the bearing cone and roller assemblies with wheel bearing grease. Use a bearing
packer for this operation. If a packer is not available, work as much lubricant as possible
between the rollers and cages.
4. CAUTION: Keep the hub centered on the spindle to prevent damage to the
grease seal or spindle threads.
Place the inner bearing cone and roller assembly in the inner cup and install the wheel
bearing hub seal, using a suitable seal replacer. Make sure seal is fully seated and
lubricated.
5. Install the rotor and hub assembly.
6. Install the outer bearing cone and roller assembly and the flatwasher on the spindle.
7. Install the adjusting nut, refer to Wheel Bearing Adjustment—Motorhome in this section
for final bearing adjustment. Install a new cotter pin.
8. Install a new gasket and the hub cap.
9. Install the front disc brake caliper and rotor; for additional information, refer to Section
206-03.
10. Install the front wheel and tire assemblies; for additional information, refer to Section
204-04.

4x2 Manual
Wheel Studs—F-250, F-350
Removal
1. Raise and support the vehicle. For additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
3. Remove the disc brake caliper and the disc brake rotor. For additional information, refer
to Section 206-04.
4. Using a suitable press, remove the lug bolt from the disc brake rotor and discard.
Installation
1. Using a suitable press, install the new lug bolt aligning the serrations in the disc brake
rotor flange made by the original lug bolt.
2. Install the disc brake rotor and disc brake caliper. For additional information, refer to
Section 206-04.
3. Install the wheel and tire assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
4. Lower the vehicle. For additional information, refer to Section 100-02.

4x2 Manual
Wheel Studs—F-450, F-550 and Motorhome
Special Tool(s)
C-Frame and Clamp Assembly
Tool
211-023 (T74P-3044-A1)
Removal
3. Using the C-Frame and Clamp Assembly Tool, remove the lug bolt from the wheel
adapter and discard.
Installation
1. Install the new lug bolt aligning the serrations in the wheel adapter flange made by the
original lug bolt.
• Place four flatwashers over the outside end of the lug bolt and thread a standard
lug nut with the flat side against the washers.
• Tighten the lug nut until the lug bolt head seats against the back side of the wheel
adapter flange.
2. Remove the lug nut and flatwashers.

4x2 Manual
Arm—Radius, F-250, F-350, Excursion
For additional information, refer to Axle—F-250, F-350 in this section.

4x2 Manual
Bar—Trackbar, F-450, F-550
Removal
1. CAUTION: Suspension fasteners are critical parts because they affect

performance of vital components and systems and their failure can result in major
service expense. They must be replaced with the same part number or an equivalent
part if replacement is necessary. Do not use a replacement part of lesser quality or
substitute design. Torque values must be used as specified during re-assembly to
ensure proper retention of these parts.
2. NOTE: To prevent the front suspension from shifting when the trackbar is removed, the
front suspension must be supporting the vehicle weight.
Load the front suspension with the vehicle weight.
1. Position the jack stand under the front axle assembly.
2. Lower the vehicle until the front suspension is supporting the vehicle weight.
3. Disconnect the trackbar from the upper mounting bracket.

1. Remove the nut and bolt.
2. Remove the trackbar from the bracket.

4. Remove the trackbar from the lower mounting bracket.
2. Remove the trackbar.
Installation
1. Using new fasteners, follow the removal procedure in reverse order.

4x2 Manual
Bar and Link—F-250, F-350
Removal

2. Remove the stabilizer bar retainer brackets.

1. Remove the bolts.
2. Remove the retainer brackets.

3. Remove the stabilizer bar.
1. Remove the lower stabilizer bar link nuts, washers and bolts.
3. Remove the upper stabilizer bar link nuts and bolts, and remove the links.
Installation

4x2 Manual
Bar and Link—F-450, F-550
Removal

2. Remove the stabilizer bar link.

1. Remove the nut.
2. Remove the nut, washer and bolt.
• Repeat on the other side.

1. Remove the retainer bracket bolts.
2. Remove the retainer brackets.

Installation

4x2 Manual
Bar and Link—Motorhome
Removal

2. Remove the stabilizer bar links.

1. Remove the upper stabilizer bar link nuts, washers, bolts and bracket.
2. Remove the lower stabilizer bar link nuts, washers, bolts and bracket.
4. Repeat on the other side.

3. Remove the front stabilizer bar.
1. Remove the retaining nuts and bolts. Repeat on the other side.
2. Remove the retaining clamp. Repeat on the other side.
Installation

4x2 Manual
Bushing—Spindle, Motorhome
Removal
1. Remove spindle; for additional information, refer to Spindle—Motorhome.
2. On a spindle with bronze or low friction (garlock) bushings, press the bushing out of the
spindle with a tool that is slightly smaller then the spindle bore.
3. Clean the spindle bores thoroughly. Make sure lubricating holes are not plugged.
Installation
1. Position the new bushing in the spindle bore. For spindles with bronze bushings, position
the lubricating hole in line with the lubricating fitting, and the open end of the oil groove
toward the axle. Press the bushing into the spindle with a driver that pilots in the bushing.
2. Press the bushing until there is 3.4-4.1 mm (0.133-0.161 inch) between the bottom of the
bushing and the bottom of the top bore.
3. Turn the spindle over and install the remaining bushing in the same manner.
4. Clean the bushing and coat the bushing and pin with lubricant prior to assembly.
5. Install spindle; for additional information, refer to Spindle—Motorhome in this section.

4x2 Manual
Spindle—F-250, F-350
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F)
Removal

2. Remove the wheel and tire assembly; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
3. Remove the disc brake caliper and the front disc brake hub and rotor; for additional
4. Remove the front disc brake rotor shield.
5. If equipped, remove the ABS sensor retaining bolt, ABS sensor harness retaining bolt and
the ABS sensor. Position out of the way.
6. Disconnect the tie rod end.
1. Remove and discard the cotter pin.
2. Remove the castellated nut.
3. Using the Pitman Arm Puller, remove the tie rod end.
7. Remove the pinch bolt.
8. Remove the camber adjuster.

9. CAUTION: To prevent damage to the ball joint seal and the ball joint socket,
do not use a pickle fork-type remover to loosen the ball joints.
Remove the front wheel spindle.
2. Loosen, but do not remove, the castellated nut.
3. Strike the lower end of the front axle to loosen the ball joint.
4. Remove the castellated nut and the front wheel spindle.
Installation
1. NOTE: Tighten the ball joint nut further, if necessary, in order to insert a new cotter pin.
Using new fasteners, follow the removal procedure in reverse order.

2. Check the front end alignment; for additional information, refer to Section 204-00.
4x2 Manual
Spindle—F-450, F-550
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F) or
Equivalent
Removal

NOTE: Right side shown, left side similar.
3. Remove the front disc brake caliper and the front disc brake rotor; for additional
4. Remove and discard the cotter pin, and remove the castellated nut.
8. Remove the upper ball joint castellated nut.

9. Loosen, but do not remove, the lower ball joint retaining nut.
Strike the lower and upper end of the axle to loosen ball joints and the camber adjuster.
11. Using the Pitman Arm Puller, remove the camber adjuster sleeve.
12. Remove the lower ball joint retaining nut and front wheel spindle.
Installation
1. Position the spindle into the axle.

• Apply Threadlock® and Sealer EOAZ-19554-AA or equivalent meeting Ford
Specification WSK-M2G315-A5 (Type II).
2. Install the camber adjuster sleeve.
3. Install the new nut and tighten to initial torque.

4. NOTE: Tighten the upper ball joint nut further, if necessary, in order to insert the new
cotter pin.
Install a new castellated nut and a new cotter pin.
5. Tighten the nut to final torque.
6. If equipped, install the ABS sensor, ABS sensor retaining bolt and the ABS sensor
harness retaining bolt.
7. Using a new castellated nut and a new cotter pin, install the tie rod end.
8. Install the front disc brake rotor and the front disc brake caliper; for additional
9. Install the wheel and tire assembly, for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.

4x2 Manual
Spindle—Motorhome
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F) or
Equivalent
Removal

NOTE: Right side shown, left side similar.
3. Remove the front disc brake caliper and the front disc brake hub and rotor; for additional
4. Remove and discard the cotter pin and remove the castellated nut.
7. Remove the six torque plate retaining nuts and bolts, and remove the torque plate.
8. Remove and discard the cotter pin and remove the castellated nut. Disconnect the spindle
arm from the spindle.
9. Remove the upper and lower spindle caps and spindle seals.
10. Remove the upper and lower lock pin retaining nuts.
11. Using a bronze drift, drive out the lock pins.

12. Using a bronze drift, drive out the spindle pin.
13. Remove the spindle, spindle bearing and the spindle shim(s) from the axle assembly.
Installation
1. NOTE: Pack the spindle bearing and coat all mating surfaces of spindle and axle parts
with Motorcraft Premium Long Life Grease XG-1-C or -K or equivalent meeting Ford
specification ESA-M1C75-B prior to assembly.
NOTE: The spindle bearing must be installed with the retainer lip facing down.
NOTE: Use shims as required to maintain a 0.076-0.254-mm (0.003-0.010-inch) axle-to-

spindle clearance.
Position the spindle, spindle bearing and the spindle shim(s) on the front axle assembly.
2. Insert the spindle pin into the axle until the notches in the spindle pin and the holes in the
axle are in line.
3. NOTE: Do not install both lock pins from the same side of axle.
Install the lower (longer) lock pin first, and seat using a bronze drift.
4. Install the upper (shorter) lock pin, and seat using a bronze drift.
5. Install new lock pin retaining nuts.

6. Install the upper and lower spindle seals and caps.
7. Align the key in the spindle arm with the key way slot in the spindle, and insert the
spindle arm.
8. Install a new castellated nut and a new cotter pin.

9. Using new fasteners, install the torque plate.
10. If equipped, install the ABS sensor, ABS sensor retaining bolt and the ABS sensor
harness retaining bolt.
11. Install the tie rod end using a new castellated nut and a new cotter pin.
12. Install the front disc brake hub and rotor and the front disc brake caliper; for additional
13. Install the wheel and tire assembly; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
4x2 Manual
Shock Absorber—F-250, F-350
Removal
WARNING: All vehicles are equipped with gas-pressurized shock absorbers which
will extend unassisted. Do not apply heat or flame to the shock absorbers during removal
or component servicing.
CAUTION: Suspension fasteners are critical parts because they affect performance of
vital components and systems and their failure can result in major service expense. They
must be replaced with the same part number or an equivalent part if replacement is
necessary. Do not use a replacement part of lesser quality or substitute design. Torque
values must be used as specified during re-assembly to ensure proper retention of these
parts.
1. Raise the hood and remove the upper shock absorber retaining nut and upper shock
absorber insulator.
2. Raise and support the vehicle: for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
3. Remove the lower shock absorber retaining nut and remove the shock absorber.
Installation

4x2 Manual
Shock Absorber—F-450, F-550
Removal
parts.
3. Using a suitable jack, support the front axle assembly.
4. Remove the upper shock absorber retaining bolt.

5. Remove the lower shock absorber retaining nut and bolt. Remove the shock absorber.
Installation

4x2 Manual
Shock Absorber—Motorhome
Removal
parts.
3. Remove the upper shock absorber retaining nut, washers and bolt.
4. Remove the lower shock absorber retaining nut, washers and bolt. Remove the shock
absorber.
Installation

4x2 Manual
Spring—F-250, F-350
Removal
vital components and systems and their failure can result in major service expense. Install
new parts with the same part number or an equivalent part if installation is necessary. Do
not install a part of lesser quality or substitute design. Torque values must be used as
specified during reassembly to ensure correct retention of these parts.
3. Remove the nut and detach the shock from the mounting stud.
4. Remove the upper spring retainer.

5. Lower the front axle until the spring is free of the upper spring seat.
6. Using an extension through the top of the spring, remove the lower spring retainer.
7. Remove the front spring.
Installation
1. Using new fasteners, reverse the removal procedure.

4x2 Manual
Spring—F-450, F-550
Removal
parts.
4. Remove the front shock absorber lower mounting nut and bolt.
5. NOTE: The front spring hanger has seven flange nuts located inside the frame rail and
must be positioned in the same location for installation.
Remove the front spring hanger and hanger bracket.
1. Remove the two spring hanger bracket bolts and flange nuts.
2. Remove the five spring hanger bolts.
6. Remove and discard the nut and bolt that retain the front spring to the spring shackle.
7. If equipped, remove the spring insulator and hold for reinstallation.
8. Remove and discard the four U-bolt nuts.
9. Remove and discard the two U-bolts, and remove the spring spacer and the spring.
10. Remove the nut and bolt from the front spring hanger, and remove the hanger and hanger
bracket.
Installation
1. Position the spring in the front spring hanger and install a new bolt from inside to outside.
Position the spring hanger bracket to the spring hanger, and install a new nut hand-tight.
2. Position the spring on the axle.
3. Install a new bolt and nut to retain the front spring to the spring shackle hand-tight.
4. Using new fasteners, install the front spring hanger and hanger bracket.
1. Position the spring, spring hanger and spring hanger bracket. Line up the flange
nuts inside the frame rail, and start the spring hanger bracket retaining bolts by
hand, using caution not to cross thread the bolts.
2. Position the flange nuts inside the frame rail and start the spring hanger retainer
bolts by hand, using caution not to cross-thread the bolts.
3. Tighten the bolts.
5. Position the spring spacer and two new U-bolts.

6. Install four new U-bolt retaining nuts.
7. Install a new front shock absorber lower bolt and nut.
8. If equipped, install the spring insulator.

10. Remove the jack stands.
12. With the weight of the vehicle on the wheels, tighten the front hanger bolt and nut.
13. With the weight of the vehicle on the wheels, tighten the shackle bolt and nut.

4x2 Manual
Spring—Motorhome
Removal
parts.
3. Using suitable jack stands, support the front axle assembly.
4. Remove the front shock absorber lower mounting nut, washers and bolt.
5. Remove the nut and bolt that retain the spring to the front spring hanger.
6. Remove the nut and bolt that retain the spring to the spring shackle.
7. If equipped, remove the spring insulator and hold for reinstallation.
8. Remove the four U-bolt nuts, washers and the two U-bolts. Remove the spring.
Installation
4x2 Manual
Axle—F-250, F-350
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F) or
Equivalent
Removal
parts.
3. Remove the front disc brake caliper, front disc brake hub and rotor and front disc brake
rotor shield. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
4. If equipped, remove the front disc brake ABS sensor retainer bolt and the ABS sensor
harness bracket bolt from the front wheel spindle. Position the ABS sensor out of the
way.
5. Remove the cotter pin and the castellated nut from the tie rod end. Discard the cotter pin.
7. Remove the cotter pin and the lower ball joint castellated nut. Discard the cotter pin.
8. Remove the pinch bolt and the camber adjuster from the upper ball joint.
Remove the front wheel spindle.
1. Strike the lower end of the axle to loosen the ball joint.
2. Remove the front wheel spindle.
10. Using a suitable jack, support the front axle.
11. Remove the front coil spring. For additional information, refer to Spring—F-250, F-350
in this section.
12. Remove the lower spring insulator.

13. Remove the lower spring seat.
14. Remove the radius arm-to-axle bolt and nut.
15. Remove the radius arm-to-frame bracket pivot bolt and nut. Remove the radius arm.
16. NOTE: In order to obtain clearance for the pivot bolt removal when servicing the RH
front axle, it may be necessary to raise the side of the vehicle to relieve the weight on the
suspension.
Remove the pivot nut and bolt, and remove the axle.
Installation
1. Inspect the pivot bushing for wear or damage. Replace as necessary.
2. Position the front axle into the pivot bracket and install a new pivot bolt and nut hand-
tight.
3. Inspect the radius arm pivot bushing for wear or damage. Replace as necessary.
4. Install a new radius arm-to-axle bolt and nut hand-tight.
5. Install a new radius arm-to-frame bracket pivot bolt and nut. Tight to specification.
6. Tighten the radius arm-to-axle bolt and nut to specification.
7. Install the lower spring seat.
8. Install the lower spring insulator.

9. Install the front coil spring. For additional information, refer to Spring—F-250, F-350 in
this section.
10. NOTE: Tighten the ball joint nut further, if necessary, in order to insert the new cotter
pin.
Using new fasteners, install the front wheel spindle in the front axle.
1. Position the front wheel spindle in the front axle.
2. Install the ball joint nut and tighten to specification.
3. Install the new cotter pin.
11. Install the camber adjuster and a new pinch bolt.
12. Install the front disc brake rotor shield, front disc brake hub and rotor and the front disc
brake caliper. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
13. If equipped, install the front disc brake ABS sensor, retainer bolt and the ABS sensor
harness bracket bolt.
14. Install the tie rod end in the front wheel spindle using a new nut and a new cotter pin.
15. Install the tire and wheel assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
16. Lower the vehicle and with the vehicle weight on the suspension, tighten the axle pivot
bolt and nut to specification.
17. Perform front end alignment. For additional information, refer to Section 204-00.
4x2 Manual
Axle—F-450, F-550
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F) or
Equivalent
Removal
parts.
2. Remove the front wheels and tire assemblies. For additional information, refer to Section
204-04.
3. Remove the front disc brake calipers and position out of the way. For additional
4. If equipped, disconnect the front disc brake ABS sensor harness connectors and position
harness out of the way. For additional information, refer to Section 206-09A or Section
206-09B.
5. Using a suitable jack, equipped with safety chains, support the front axle.
6. Remove the front shock absorbers. For additional information, refer to Shock Absorber—
F-450, F-550 in this section.
7. Remove and discard the bolts from the stabilizer bar mounting brackets to axle, and
position out of the way.

1. Remove and discard the nut and bolt.

1. Remove and discard the nut and bolt.

10. Remove the cotter pin and the castellated nut from the drag link to pitman arm. Discard
the cotter pin.
11. Using the Pitman Arm Puller, remove the drag link to pitman arm, and secure the drag
link to the tie rod.
12. Remove and discard the nut and bolt from the steering damper-to-axle mounting bracket,
and secure the steering damper to the tie rod.
13. Remove the steering linkage assembly.
1. Remove both cotter pins from the outer tie rod ends and discard.
2. Remove both castellated nuts from the outer tie rod ends.
3. Remove the steering linkage assembly.
14. Remove and discard the U-bolt retaining nuts and the U-bolts.
• Remove the spring spacer plates.
• Lower the jack, and remove the axle assembly.
Installation

2. Perform front end alignment. For additional information, refer to Section 204-00.
4x2 Manual
Axle—Motorhome
Special Tool(s)
Pitman Arm Puller
211-003 (T64P-3590-F) or
Equivalent
Removal
parts.
204-04.
3. Remove the front disc brake calipers and position out of the way; for additional
4. If equipped, remove the ABS sensor retaining bolt and ABS sensor harness retaining bolt
and position out of the way.
5. Using a suitable jack equipped with safety chains, support the front axle.
6. Remove the front shock absorbers; for additional information, refer to Shock Absorber—
Motorhome in this section.
7. Remove the spindles; for additional information, refer to Spindle—Motorhome in this

section.
8. Remove the sway bar; for additional information, refer to Bar and Link—Motorhome in
this section.
9. Remove the front spring U-bolt retaining nuts and remove the U-bolts and upper spring
spacer plates.
10. Lower the jack and remove the axle assembly.
Installation

2. Perform front end alignment; for additional information, refer to Section 204-00.
SECTION 204-01B:
Front Suspension — 4x4
SPECIFICATIONS
Front Suspension
Front Suspension
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Ride Height
Vacuum Leak Test—Wheel End
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
Wheel Hub
Wheel Studs
Bar—Stabilizer
Bar—Track
Bar—Link Stabilizer
Bushing—Stabilizer Bar
Wheel Knuckle
Ball Joint—Upper
Ball Joint—Lower
Shock Absorber
Spring—Leaf
Spring—Shackle
Spring—Hanger
Vacuum Valve
SECTION 204-01B: Front Suspension —
1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
4x4
Item Specification
High Temperature 4x4 Front Axle and Wheel Bearing Grease E8TZ-19590-A ESA-M1C198-A
Front Spring-to-Axle U-Bolts 133 99 —
Front Spring-to-Spring Hanger Nut 350 259 —
Front Spring-to-Shackle Nut 250 185 —
Spring Hanger-to-Frame Bolts 103 76 —
Spring Shackle-to-Frame Nut 250 185 —
Stabilizer Bar-to-Front Spring Spacer Bolts (LH Side Only) 47 35 —
Stabilizer Bar-to-Axle Assembly Bracket Bolts (RH Side Only) 47 35 —
Stabilizer Bar-to-Link Nut 80 60 —
Stabilizer Bar Link-to-Bracket Nut 80 60 —
Front Shock-to-Upper Shock Bracket Nut 103 76 —
Front Shock-to-Front Spring Spacer Nut 103 76 —
Jounce Bumper-to-Frame Bolts 40 30 —
Shock Absorber Upper Mounting Bracket-to-Frame Bolts 103 76 —
Trackbar-to-Upper Mounting Bracket Nut 174 129 —
Trackbar-to-Lower Mounting Bracket Nut 174 129 —
Shackle Bracket Assembly-to-Frame Bolts 87 65 —
Stabilizer Bar Bracket-to-Frame Bolts 47 35 —
Front Driveshaft-to-Pinion Flange Bolts 102 76 —
Front Hub and Bearing-to-Knuckle Nuts 74 55 —
Tie Rod End-to-Front Knuckle Nut 70 52 —
Vacuum Valve Mounting Bolts 11 — 98
Lower Ball Joint Nut 136 101 —
Upper Ball Joint Nut 136 101 —
SECTION 204-01B: Front Suspension — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop
4x4 Manual
Front Suspension
Front Suspension with Dana Model 50 and Dana Model 60 Front Drive Axles
1 N807147-S426 Bolt, M16 x 2 x 143 x 10.9
2 5335 Bracket Assy
3 N811403-S426 Bolt, M12 x 1.75 x 40 x 10.9
4 N800237-S426 Flag Nut, M1.6 x 2 x 20 x 10
5 5B311 Spring Shackle
6 N806085-S426 Nut and Washer, M12 x 1.75
7 18045 Shock Assy
8 18035 Upper Shock Bracket
9 N800937-S426 Flag Nut
10 N805845-S426 Bolt, M12 x 1.75 x 80 x 10.9
11 N811631-S426 Nut, M12 x 1.75 x 13 x 10
12 — Tow Hook
13 N807659-S426 Flag Nut
14 5341 Spring Hanger
15 W704660-S426 Bolt, M18 x 2.5 x 136 x 10.9
16 5310 Spring Assy
17 N801485-S428 U-Bolt, M14 x 2 x 92 x 201
18 5458 Spacer
19 N805480-S426 Flag Nut
20 3A094 Trackbar Bracket
21 N803960-S426 Bolt, M14 x 2 x 90 x 10.9
22 3B239 Trackbar
23 5A316 Spring Cap
24 N605803-S426 Bolt, M10 x 1.5 x 40 x 9.8
25 3B353 Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket
26 — Drive Axle, Dana Model 50
27 — Drive Axle, Dana Model 60
28 N807164-S426 Flag Nut
29 N801673-S426 U-Nut
30 5484 Stabilizer Bar Insulator
4x4 Manual
Front Suspension
Refer to Section 204-00 or Section 100-04.

4x4 Manual
Ride Height
For additional information, refer to Section 204-00.

4x4 Manual
Vacuum Leak Test—Wheel End
Special Tool(s)
Vacuum Tester
416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or
Equivalent
1. NOTE: Whenever the front wheel hub, axle shaft or the hub lock is removed and
installed, the front wheel-end assemblies must be leak-checked to ensure that the sealing
surfaces are intact. Failure to do so can cause the loss of four-wheel drive operation and
contamination of the vacuum system.
Disconnect the wheel-end vacuum hose.
2. Connect the hand vacuum pump (part of Vacuum Tester) to the vacuum fitting on the
wheel knuckle.
3. NOTE: The wheel-end assembly must not leak more than 0.50 in-Hg in 30 seconds. If
the wheel-end leak rate exceeds the specification, refer to Section 308-07A under
Diagnosis and Testing.
Apply 15 in-Hg of vacuum to the wheel-end assembly and observe the reading for 30
seconds.
4. Repeat the leak testing procedure for the opposite wheel-end.

4x4 Manual
Wheel Hub
Removal
All vehicles
1. Remove the front brake disc. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
2. Remove the hub lock.

1. Remove the retainer ring.
2. Pull outward and remove the hub lock.
3. Remove the axle shaft thrust washers.

1. Remove the snap ring.
2. Remove the three thrust washers.
Vehicles equipped with ABS

4. CAUTION: Do not remove the ABS sensor from the bearing.
Disconnect the ABS wheel sensor harness.
1. Disconnect the connector.
2. Disconnect the harness routing clips.
All vehicles
5. NOTE: The wheel hub and bearing is a slip fit design and should not require a puller to
remove it.
Remove the wheel hub and bearing.
1. Remove the four lock nuts.
2. Remove the wheel hub and bearing.
6. Remove the brake disc shield.

Vehicles with ABS
7. Remove the bolt and the ABS sensor.
All vehicles
8. NOTE: Position the hub in a soft-jawed vise.
Install two nuts on the studs and use the inner nut to remove the studs.
9. Remove and discard the O-ring.

Installation
All vehicles
1. NOTE: Any time the wheel hub is removed for any reason, a new O-ring seal must be
installed. Failure to do so can cause a vacuum leak and loss of four wheel drive
operations.
Install a new O-ring.
2. NOTE: Position the hub in a soft-jawed vise.
Install two nuts on the studs and use the outer nut to install the studs.
Vehicles equipped with ABS

3. Position the ABS sensor and install the bolt.
All vehicles
4. Position the brake disc shield.
5. NOTE: Apply a coat of Ford High Temperature 4x4 Front Axle and Wheel Bearing
Grease E8TZ-19590-A meeting Ford specification ESA-M1C198-A to the O-ring area of
the wheel hub and bearing before installing the hub and bearing.
Install the wheel hub and bearing.
1. Position the wheel hub and bearing.
2. Install the four lock nuts.

Vehicle equipped with ABS
6. NOTE: The following step applies only to vehicles equipped with ABS.
Connect the ABS sensor harness.
1. Position the ABS sensor harness and install the routing clips.
2. Connect the harness connector.
All vehicles
7. CAUTION: The non-metallic thrust washer must be installed between the two
metal thrust washers. Failure to do so will cause severe wear to the non-metallic
thrust washer, allowing the axle shaft to travel further in and out during torque
thrust causing damage to the wheel hub and bearing, the axle shaft end seal and the
axle shaft.
Install the snap ring.
1. Position the three thrust washers onto the axle shaft.
2. Install the snap ring.
8. NOTE: Any time the hub lock is removed, a new O-ring seal must be installed. Failure to
do so can cause a vacuum leak and loss of four wheel drive functions.
Install a new O-ring.
9. Install the hub lock.

1. Position the hub lock.
2. Install the retainer ring.
10. Install the brake disc. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
11. Perform the wheel-end vacuum leak test. For additional information, refer to Section 308-
07A.
4x4 Manual
Wheel Studs
For additional information, refer to Section 204-01A.

4x4 Manual
Bar—Stabilizer
1. NOTE: Both the left and right sides of the stabilizer bar are removed and installed the
same way. Only the left side is shown.
Remove the nut, washer, and bolt, and disconnect the stabilizer bar link.
2. Remove the bolts and the stabilizer bar.

3. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

4x4 Manual
Bar—Track
Removal
1. Raise and support the vehicle; refer to Section 100-02.
2. NOTE: To prevent the front suspension from shifting when the trackbar is removed, the
front suspension must be supporting the vehicle's weight.
Load the front suspension with the vehicle's weight.
1. Position jack stands under the front axle housing.
2. Lower the vehicle until the front suspension is supporting the vehicle's weight.

Installation
1. Follow the removal procedure in reverse order.

4x4 Manual
Bar—Link Stabilizer
Removal
1. Disconnect the stabilizer bar link from the stabilizer bar.

1. Remove the nut and washer.
2. Remove the bolt.

2. NOTE: The following step is for the left hand stabilizer bar link only.
Remove the stabilizer bar link.
1. Remove the nut.
3. NOTE: The following step is for the right hand stabilizer bar link only.
Remove the stabilizer bar link.
1. Remove the nut and washer.
2. Remove the bolt and the stabilizer bar link.

4. Remove the stabilizer bar link bracket.
1. Remove the three bolts and flag nuts.
2. Remove the stabilizer bar link bracket.
Installation

4x4 Manual
Wheel Knuckle
Special Tool(s)
211-003 (T64P-3590-F)
Driver
205-199 (T83T-3132-A1)
Knuckle Seal Installer

205-429
Removal
3. Remove the front brake disc. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
4. Remove the wheel hub and bearing. For additional information, refer to Wheel Hub in
this section.
5. Using a drift, drive the axle shaft main seal out of the wheel knuckle.
6. Remove the axle shaft and main seal.
7. Remove the tie-rod end castellated nut.

2. Remove the castellated nut.
8. Using the special tool, disconnect the tie-rod end from the wheel knuckle.
9. Remove the upper ball joint castellated nut and the insert.
2. Remove the nut.
3. Remove the insert.
10. Remove the wheel knuckle.

1. Remove the lower ball joint nut.
2. Remove the knuckle.
11. Clean and inspect the wheel knuckle ball joint bores.
Installation
1. Position the wheel knuckle onto the axle housing.
2. Install the nut onto the lower ball joint. Do not tighten the nut at this time.
3. Install the insert and the castellated nut onto the upper ball joint. Do not tighten the nut at
this time.
4. Tighten the lower ball joint retaining nut. Pre-tighten the nut to 47 Nm (35 lb-ft).
5. NOTE: Do not loosen the castellated nut to install the cotter pin.
Install the cotter pin into the upper ball joint.
1. Tighten the upper ball joint castellated nut.

2. Install the cotter pin. If necessary, tighten the castellated nut until the cotter pin
can be installed.
6. Tighten the lower ball joint nut to 204 Nm (150 lb-ft).
7. Install the tie-rod end onto the wheel knuckle.

1. Position the tie-rod end into the wheel knuckle.
2. Install and tighten the castellated nut.
3. Install the cotter pin.
8. Install the new main seal onto the axle shaft.

1. Position the main seal onto the axle shaft.
2. Using the special tools and a hammer, seat the main seal onto the axle shaft.
9. Position the axle shaft into the axle housing.
10. Using the special tools and a hammer, install the main seal into the wheel knuckle.
11. Install the wheel hub and bearing. For additional information, refer to Wheel Hub in this
section.
12. Install the front brake disc. For additional information, refer to Section 206-03.
4x4 Manual
Ball Joint—Upper
Removal
1. Remove the wheel knuckle. For additional information, refer to Wheel Knuckle in this
section.
2. Place the wheel knuckle into a suitable vise.
3. NOTE: Always remove the lower ball joint first.
Remove the lower ball joint. For additional information, refer to Ball Joint—Lower in
this section.
4. Using a suitable ball joint press, remove the ball joint.
Installation
1. Clean the wheel knuckle ball joint bores.
2. Using a suitable ball joint press, install the ball joint.

3. Install the lower ball joint. For additional information, refer to Ball Joint—Lower in this
section.
4. Install the wheel knuckle. For additional information, refer to Wheel Knuckle in this
section.
4x4 Manual
Ball Joint—Lower
Removal
1. Remove the wheel knuckle. For additional information, refer to Wheel Knuckle in this
section.
2. Place the wheel knuckle into a suitable vise.
3. Remove the snap ring.
4. Using a suitable ball joint press, remove the ball joint.
Installation
1. Clean the wheel knuckle ball joint bore.
2. Using a suitable ball joint press, install the ball joint.

3. Install the snap ring.
4. Install the wheel knuckle. For additional information, refer to Wheel Knuckle in this
section.
4x4 Manual
Shock Absorber
3. NOTE: Both the left and right side shock absorbers are removed and installed the same
way. Only the left side is shown.
Disconnect the shock absorber lower mount.
1. Remove the nut.
2. Remove the bolt.
4. Disconnect the shock absorber upper mount.

1. Remove the nut.
2. Pull the shock absorber away from the mounting stud.

4x4 Manual
Spring—Leaf
Removal
2. Position jack stands under the axle housing.
3. NOTE: The following step is for the left-hand shock only.
Remove the shock.
2. Remove the shock from the front spring cap.
4. CAUTION: Never reuse U-bolts. The U-bolts are a torque-to-yield design and
cannot be retightened. Failure to use a new U-bolt can result in loose or broken
springs and suspension components.
Remove the U-bolts.
1. Remove the four nuts.
2. Remove the two U-bolts and the front spring spacer. Discard the U-bolts.
5. Disconnect the front driveshaft.

1. Remove the four bolts and the two straps.
2. Remove the driveshaft from the pinion flange.
6. Disconnect the spring shackle.

2. Position the spring shackle away from the spring.

7. Detach the pushpin and remove the bolt and condenser bracket.
8. Disconnect the spring hanger.

2. Using a hammer, tap the spring until the spring is free from the hanger bracket.
9. Remove the spring from the vehicle.
Installation
1. Position the spring in the vehicle.
2. Install the spring into the spring hanger.

1. Position the spring into the hanger.
2. Install the bolt and nut. Do not tighten the nut and bolt at this time.
3. Install the bracket and bolt and the pushpin.
4. Install the spring into the spring shackle.

1. Position the shackle.
2. Install the bolt and nut. Do not tighten the nut and bolt at this time.
5. NOTE: The U-bolts insert through the front spring cap on the left-hand side and through
the axle assembly bracket on the right-hand side.
Install the upper front spring spacer and U-bolts.
1. Position the front spring spacer and the new U-bolts.

2. Install the four nuts. Do not tighten the nuts at this time.
6. NOTE: The following step is for the left-hand shock only. The right-hand shock is
similar.
Install the shock, bolt and nut onto the spring cap.
7. NOTE: The suspension must be loaded with the weight of the vehicle before the U-bolts
and the leaf spring mounting bolts can be tightened. Make sure that the locating pin is
correctly aligned with the axle.
Lower the vehicle onto the jack stands until the front suspension is supporting the weight
of the vehicle.
8. NOTE: The U-bolts must be tightened in a criss-cross sequence. This will tighten the U-
bolts evenly.
Tighten the U-bolts following the sequence.

9. Tighten the leaf spring rear retaining bolt and nut.
10. Tighten the leaf spring front retaining bolt and nut.
11. Raise the vehicle and remove the jack stands.
12. Install the front driveshaft.

1. Position the driveshaft onto the pinion flange.
2. Install the two straps and the four bolts.


4x4 Manual
Spring—Shackle
1. NOTE: Both the left side and right side spring shackles are removed and installed the
Raise and support the vehicle; refer to Section 100-02.
2. Remove the wheel and tire assembly; refer to Section 204-04.
3. Place a suitable jack under the front drive axle housing.
4. Remove the nut and bolt, and disconnect the shock absorber from the spring cap.
6. Remove the spring shackle from the leaf spring.

1. Lower the jack until the nut and bolt can be removed.
2. Remove the nut, bolt and the spring shackle.
7. Remove the bolts and the shackle bracket.

8. NOTE: The spring shackle retaining nuts and bolts must be tightened with the
suspension supporting the weight of the vehicle.

4x4 Manual
Spring—Hanger
1. NOTE: Both the left side and the right side spring hangers are removed and installed the
Raise and support the vehicle; refer to Section 100-02.
2. Remove the wheel and tire assembly; refer to Section 204-04.
3. Place a suitable jack under the front drive axle housing.
4. Remove the nut and bolt, and disconnect the shock absorber from the spring cap.
5. Remove the nut and bolt, and lower the jack until the spring is out of the spring hanger.
6. Remove seven bolts and the spring hanger.

4x4 Manual
Vacuum Valve
Removal
1. Open the hood.
2. Disconnect the electrical connector and the vacuum harness.
3. Remove the valve.

1. Remove the bolt.
2. Loosen the bolt.
3. Remove the valve.
Installation
1. NOTE: The vacuum valve must be installed with the white cap facing upward.
Follow the removal procedure in reverse order.

SECTION 204-02:
Rear Suspension
SPECIFICATIONS
Rear Suspension
Rear Suspension
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Wheel Bearing End Play
Hub
Wheel Studs
Bar and Link—Super Duty F-250, F-350, Ford Axle
Bar and Link—Super Duty F-350, Dana Axle
Bar and Link—Super Duty F-450, F-550, Dana Axle
Bar and Link—Super Duty Motorhome Chassis
Shock Absorber—Super Duty F-250, F-350, Ford Axle
Shock Absorber—Super Duty F-450, F-550, Dana Axle
Shock Absorber—Super Duty Motorhome Chassis
Spring—Super Duty F-250, F-350
SECTION 204-02: Rear Suspension 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
Torque Specifications — Super Duty F-250, F-350 Wide Frame

Leaf Spring-to-Axle U-Bolt Nut 250 185
Leaf Spring-to-Front Spring Hanger Bracket Nut and Bolt 250 185
Leaf Spring-to-Rear Shackle Nut and Bolt 250 185
Rear Shackle-to-Frame Mounted Bracket Nut and Bolt 250 185
Shock Absorber-to-Frame Mounted Bracket Nut 62 46
Shock Absorber-to-Axle Bracket Nut and Bolt 62 46
Shock Absorber Bracket-to-Axle U-Bolt and Nut (Ford Axle) 47 35
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle Bolt (Dana Axle) 40 30
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle U-Bolt and Nut (Ford Axle) 47 35
Stabilizer Bar Link-to-Frame Nut 70 52
Stabilizer Bar Link-to-Stabilizer Bar Nut 70 52
Torque Specifications — Super Duty F-350 Narrow Frame

Shock Absorber Bracket-to-Axle U-Bolt and Nut (Ford Axle) 47 35
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle Bolt (Dana Axle) 40 30
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle U-Bolt and Nut (Ford Axle) 47 35
Torque Specifications — Super Duty F-450
Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle Bolt 80 60
Torque Specifications — Super Duty F-550

Stabilizer Bar Retainer Bracket-to-Axle Bolt 80 60
Torque Specifications — Super Duty Motorhome

Rear Spring Bracket-to-Frame Nut and Bolt 90 67
Shock Absorber-to-Frame Mounted Bracket Nut and Bolt 350 259
Stabilizer Bar Bracket Bolt-to-Axle 90 67
Rear Suspension
Super Duty F-250, F-350 Wide Frame
1 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
2 N800878-S Spacer
3 N647097-S Rivet, M10 x 25
4 4A171 Rear Axle Bumper Stop
5 4002 Rear Axle Bumper Assy
6 W704838- Nut and Retainer Assy,
S428 M10 x 1.5 x 35
7 5700 Front Auxiliary Spring Bracket
8 W500593- Bolt, M16-2.0 x 135 Hex
S426
9 5776 Shackle Assy
10 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
11 N500593-S426 Bolt, M16-2.0 x 175 x 10.9
12 N605920-S2 Bolt, M10 x 1.5 x 33.5
13 N806367-S428 Nut and Retainer,
M16-2.0 x 20 x 10
14 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
15 5588 Auxiliary Spring
16 5560 Rear Spring Assy
17 N811673-S428 U-Bolt, M16-2.0 x 108/225
18 5598 Rear Spring Spacer (4x4 Only)
19 5594 Auxiliary Spring Spacer
20 5798 Rear Spring Plate
M18-2.5 x 19 x 10
22 N806967-S426 Bolt, M18-2.5 x 139 x 10.9
23 5A636 Auxiliary Spring Bumper
24 N806085-S8 Nut and Washer Assy, M12-1.75 Hex
25 18080 Rear Shock
27 N605705-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 Hex
28 5A771 Stabilizer Bar Assy
29 N800937-S301 Nut, M12-1.75 Hex
30 N801527-S2 Washer, M12
31 5B491 Rear Stabilizer Bar Retainer
32 5K484 Link Assy
33 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
(Ford Axle Only)
34 4A047 Lower Shock Bracket
( Ford Axle Only)
35 4A047 Rear Stabilizer Bar Bracket (Ford Axle
Only)
36 N811672-S428 U-Bolt, M10-1.5 x 101/152.5 (Ford Axle
Only)
37 N803758-S56 U-Bolt, M10-1.5 x 137.5/161.5 (Ford Axle
Only)
38 N605546-S2 Bolt, M10-1.5 x 33.5
39 N630088-S2 Washer, M10-15 x 33.5
Super Duty F-350 Narrow Frame

1 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
2 N800878-S Spacer
3 N647097-S Rivet, M10 x 25
7 5A978 Auxiliary Spring Bracket Liner
— (RR)
8 W500593- Bolt, M16-2.0 x 145 Hex
S426
9 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
10 5776 Shackle Assy
11 W500593- Bolt, M16-2.0 x 175 x 10.9
S426
12 N806367- Nut and Retainer,
S428 M16-2.0 x 20 x 10
13 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
14 5588 Auxiliary Spring
15 5560 Rear Spring Assy
16 N811673- U-Bolt, M16-2.0 x 108/225
S428
17 5598 Rear Spring Spacer (4x4 Only)
18 5594 Auxiliary Spring Spacer
19 5798 Rear Spring Plate
20 N804967- Bolt, M18-2.5 x 139 x 10.9
S426
21 N807044- Nut and Retainer,
S428 M18-2.5 x 19 x 10
22 N811672- U-Bolt, M10-1.75 x 101/152.5 (Ford Axle
S428 Only)
23 4A047 Lower Shock Bracket
(Ford Axle Only)
24 N605705-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 70 Hex
25 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
(Ford Axle Only)
26 N806496- Nut and Washer Assy, M12-1.75 Hex
S301
28 N803758-S56 U-Bolt, M10-1.75 x 137.5/161.5 (Ford Axle
Only)
29 4A047 Rear Stabilizer Bar Bracket (Ford Axle
Only)
30 N800937- Nut, M12-1.75 Hex
S301
31 N801527-S2 Washer, M12
32 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
(Ford Axle Only)
35 5K484 Link Assy
36 N801527-S2 Washer, M12
37 N800937- Nut, M12-1.75 Hex
S301
38 N605546-S2 Bolt, M10-1.5 x 33.5 Hex
39 N630088-S2 Washer, M10-1.5 x 33.5
Super Duty F-450 and F-550

1 N605920-S2 Bolt, M10-1.5 x 20 Hex
2 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
3 N647098-S Rivet, M10 x 35
6 N805007-S100 Nut and Retainer Assy, M12-1.75 Hex
7 N805136-S56 Nut and Retainer Assy, M12-1.75 x 80
8 W500593-S426 Bolt, M16-2.0 x 145 Hex
9 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
11 N805041-S2 Bolt, M16-2.0 x 145 Hex
12 5775 Rear Shackle Bracket
13 N808591-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 49.5 Hex
14 N806367-S428 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
16 5700 Rear Auxiliary Spring Bracket
17 N811826-S428 U-Bolt, M20-2.5 x 98.3 x 400
18 5A975 Rear Spring Assy
19 — Rear Axle Assy (Dana S135)
20 N805028-S56 Nut, M20-2.5 Hex
21 5796 Rear Spring Seat Cap
22 N805444-S100 Bolt, M20-2.5 x 145 Hex
24 5785 Front Hanger Bracket
26 W500760-S428 Bolt, M14-2.0 x 50 Hex
28 5K484 Stabilizer Bar Link Assy
29 N605814-S426 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 30 Hex
31 N800937-S301 Nut, M12-1.75 Hex
32 N801527 Washer, M12
34 N605705-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 70 Hex
36 N806085-S8 Nut and Washer Assy,
M12 Hex
Super Duty F-450

1 N605920-S2 Bolt, M10-1.5 x 20 Hex
2 N647098-S Rivet, M10 x 35
5 N620482-S56 Nut, M10-1.5 Hex
8 N605705-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 70 Hex
9 W500593-S426 Bolt, M16-2.0 x 145 Hex
10 N620485-S56 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
14 N647100-S Rivet 10 x 35
16 N806367-S428 Nut, M16-2.0 Hex
17 N808591-S2 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 49.5 Hex
18 5775 Rear Shackle Bracket
20 N805041-S2 Bolt, M16-2.0 x 145 Hex
21 5A975 Rear Spring Assy
22 5796 Rear Spring Seat Cap
23 N805028-S56 Nut, M20-2.5
24 N811362-S56 U-Bolt, M20-2.5 x 100 x 364
25 N805444-S100 Bolt, M20-2.5 x 145 Hex
26 5785 Front Hanger Bracket
M20-2.5 Hex
28 W500760-S428 Bolt, M14-20 x 50 Hex
31 N800937-S301 Nut, M12-1.75 Hex
32 N801527-S2 Washer, M12
35 N605920-S2 Bolt, M10-1.5 x 33.5 Hex
Super Duty Motorhome

2 5A771 Rear Stabilizer Bar Assy
3 N601423-S2 Bolt, M12-1.5 x 100
4 N800937-S427 Nut, M12-1.75
5 5L496 Rear Stabilizer Bar Link Mounting
Bracket
6 W500443-S426 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 35
7 N803447- Washer, M12
S36MC
8 5K484 Rear Stabilizer Bar Link Assy
9 W500541-S426 Bolt, M12-1.75 x 50
Rear Suspension
Wheel Bearing End Play

Hub
For additional information, refer to Section 205-02C.
Wheel Studs
Special Tool(s)
C-Frame and Screw
211-023 (T74P-3044-A1)
Removal
3. On vehicles equipped with dual rear wheels, go to Step 7.
4. Remove the disc brake caliper and rotor. For additional information, refer to Section 206-
04.
5. Remove the rear wheel hub assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 205-
02C.
6. Using a suitable press, remove the wheel bolt from the wheel hub and discard.
7. NOTE: For vehicles equipped with dual rear wheels, use the C-Frame and Clamp
Assembly Tool to remove the wheel bolt on the vehicle.
Remove the wheel bolt from the wheel hub and discard.
Installation
1. Using a suitable press, install the new wheel bolt aligning the serrations in the wheel hub
flange made by the original wheel bolt.
2. On vehicles with dual rear wheels, install the new wheel bolt aligning the serrations in the
wheel hub flange made by the original wheel bolt.
• Place four flatwashers over the outside end of the wheel bolt and thread a standard
wheel nut with the flat side against the washers.
• Tighten the wheel nut until the wheel bolt head seats against the back side of the
hub flange.
3. Remove the wheel nut and flatwashers.

4. On vehicles with dual rear wheels, go to Step 7.
5. Install the rear wheel hub assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02A.
6. Install the disc brake caliper and rotor. For additional information, refer to Section 206-
04.

Bar and Link—Super Duty F-250, F-350, Ford Axle
Removal
not use an installation part of lesser quality or substitute design. Torque values must be
used as specified during reassembly to make sure of correct retention of these parts.
NOTE: Super Duty F-250, F-350 Wide Frame shown, Super Duty F-350 Narrow Frame similar.
2. Remove the nuts from both lower ends of the stabilizer bar links and remove the washers.
3. Remove the nuts and washers from both upper ends of the stabilizer bar links-to-frame
and remove the links.
4. Remove the nuts from both stabilizer bar retainer-to-axle brackets and remove the
stabilizer bar retainers, stabilizer bar mounting brackets, U-bolts and the stabilizer bar.
Installation
Bar and Link—Super Duty F-350, Dana Axle
Removal
NOTE: Super Duty F-350 Wide Frame shown, Super Duty F-350 Narrow Frame similar.
4. Remove the bolts from both stabilizer bar retainer-to-axle brackets and remove the
stabilizer bar.
Installation
Bar and Link—Super Duty F-450, F-550, Dana Axle

3. Remove the nuts and washers from both upper ends of the stabilizer bar links and remove
the links.
stabilizer bar.
• Remove the stabilizer bar bushings if necessary.
• Install all new fasteners.
Bar and Link—Super Duty Motorhome Chassis
Removal
2. Remove the nuts and bolt from both lower ends of the stabilizer bar links.
stabilizer bar.
Installation

Shock Absorber—Super Duty F-250, F-350, Ford Axle
Removal
parts.
CAUTION: The low pressure gas shock absorbers are charged with nitrogen gas. Do
not attempt to open, puncture or apply heat to shock absorbers.
NOTE: Super Duty F-250, F-350 Ford axle shown, Super Duty F-350 Dana axle similar.
2. Using a suitable jack, support the rear axle.
3. Remove the shock absorber lower retaining nut and bolt.
4. Remove the nut from the upper shock absorber mounting bracket and remove the shock.
Installation

Shock Absorber—Super Duty F-450, F-550, Dana Axle
Removal
Installation

Shock Absorber—Super Duty Motorhome Chassis
Removal
NOTE: Super Duty Motorhome Chassis Dana axle shown, Super Duty Motorhome Chassis Ford
axle similar.
Installation

Removal
parts.
3. Support the rear axle with a suitable jack.
4. Remove the U-bolt retaining nuts and remove the U-bolts.
5. Remove the rear spring upper plate.

6. Remove the nut and bolt from the rear spring front hanger bracket.
7. Remove the lower nut and bolt from the rear spring shackle bracket. Remove the rear
spring assembly.
8. If equipped, remove the auxiliary spring and auxiliary spring spacer.

9. Remove the nut and bolt from the rear spring shackle assembly and remove the rear
spring shackle.
Installation

Removal
3. Support the rear axle with a suitable jack.
4. Remove the U-bolt retaining nuts and remove the spring plate.
5. Remove the U-bolts.

6. Remove the nut and bolt from the front spring hanger bracket.
7. Remove the lower nut and bolt from the rear spring shackle bracket. Remove the rear
spring assembly.
8. On 4x4 vehicles, remove the spacer plate.
9. Remove the nut and bolt from the rear spring shackle assembly and remove the rear
spring shackle.
10. Remove the auxiliary spring.
1. Remove the auxiliary spring retaining nut.
2. Remove the upper spring plate.
3. Remove the auxiliary spring.
4. Remove the auxiliary spring spacer.
Installation

SECTION 204-04:
Wheels and Tires
SPECIFICATIONS
Safety Precautions
Wheels And Tires
Wheels And Tires
Road Test
Symptom Chart
Component Tests
Tire and Wheel Runout
Tire Runout
Wheel Runout
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Wheel Leaks
Wheel and Tire — Single
Wheel and Tire — Dual Wheel and Tire
SECTION 204-04: Wheels and Tires 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
Item Specification
Tires See Safety Certification Sticker Located on Driver Door Jamb.
Cleaners — Wheel
Custom Bright Metal Cleaner ESR-M5B194-B
8A-19522-A
Wheel Rim Runout

Type Wheel Max. Radial Runout Max. Lateral Runout
Aluminum 1.21 mm (0.04 in) 1.52 mm (0.06 in)
Steel 1.21 mm (0.04 in) 1.52 mm (0.06 in)
Tire Runout Specifications

Type Wheel Max. Radial Runout Max. Lateral Runout
Aluminum 1.27 mm (0.05 in) 1.27 mm (0.05 in)
Steel 1.27 mm (0.05 in) 1.27 mm (0.05 in)
Description Nm lb-ft
8-Lug M14 wheel bolts 224 165
Spare tire carrier bolts 20 15
Safety Precautions
WARNING: Never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, for example, when
changing a tire. The wheel(s) resting on the ground could cause the vehicle to move.
WARNING: The tire and wheel must always be properly matched. It is very
important to determine the size of each component before any assembly operations
commence. Failure to adhere to these instructions can result in an explosive separation and
cause serious bodily injury or death.
WARNING: Aftermarket aerosol tire sealants are extremely flammable. Always

question the customer to make sure these products have not been used.
WARNING: Aftermarket wheel assemblies may not be compatible with the vehicle.
Use of incompatible wheel assemblies can result in equipment failure and possible injury.
Use only approved wheel assemblies.
WARNING: Use only wheels and lug nuts that have been designed for current model
year Ford trucks. Aftermarket wheels or lug nuts may not fit or function properly, and can
cause personal injury or damage the vehicle.
WARNING: Always wear safety goggles or a face shield when performing any work
with tire and wheel assemblies.
CAUTION: Do not clean aluminum wheels with steel wool, abrasive-type cleaners or
strong detergents. Use Custom Bright Metal Cleaner 8A-19522-A or equivalent meeting
Ford specifications ESR-M5B194-B.
CAUTION: Reduce the air pressure as much as possible by pushing the valve core
plunger in prior to removing the valve core. Avoid working in a position in which the face
or body is directly over a tire in which there is pressure.
When performing any inspection or repair procedures on wheels (1007) and tires, follow the
preceding safety precautions.
Wheels And Tires
WARNING: Do not mix different types of tires, such as radial, bias, or bias-belted, on
the same vehicle except in emergencies. Vehicle handling can be seriously affected and can
result in loss of control.
Factory-installed tires and wheels are designed to operate satisfactorily with loads up to and
including full-rated load capacity when inflated to recommended inflation pressures.
Wheels And Tires
Special Tool(s)
Radial Runout Gauge
418-F123 (007-0056A) or
Equivalent
WARNING: A vehicle equipped with a Traction-Lok® differential will always have

both wheels driving. If, while the vehicle is being serviced, only one wheel is raised off the
floor and the rear axle is driven by the engine, the wheel on the floor could drive the vehicle
off the stand or jack. Be sure both rear wheels are off the floor.
WARNING: Never run the engine with one wheel off the ground, for example, when
changing a tire. The wheel(s) resting on the ground could cause the vehicle to move.
WARNING: Do not balance the wheels and tires while they are mounted on the
vehicle. Possible tire disintegration or differential failure could result, causing personal
injury and extensive component damage. Use off-vehicle wheel and tire balancer only.
Be sure to follow the warnings when performing inspection and verification.
Road Test
Verify the customer concern by performing a road test on a smooth road. If any vibrations are
apparent, go to Section 100-04.
To maximize tire performance, inspect for signs of improper inflation and uneven wear, which
may indicate a need for balancing, rotation, or front suspension alignment.
Correct tire pressure and driving techniques have an important influence on tire life. Heavy
cornering, excessively rapid acceleration and unnecessary sharp braking increases tire wear.
Replacement tires must follow the recommended:
• tire sizes.
• speed rating.
• load range.
• radial construction type.
Use of any other tire size or type can seriously affect:
• ride.
• handling.
• speedometer/odometer calibration.
• vehicle ground clearance.
• tire clearance between the body and chassis.
• wheel bearing life.
• brake cooling.
Wheels need to be replaced when:
• bent.
• cracked.
• dented.
• heavily rusted.
• leaking.
• they have elongated wheel hub bolt holes.
• they have excessive lateral or radial runout.
Wheel and tire assemblies are attached by eight integral two-piece swiveling lug nuts.
It is mandatory to use only the tire sizes recommended on the tire chart attached to the vehicle.
Larger or smaller tires can damage the vehicle, affect durability, and require changing the
speedometer calibration. Make sure wheel size and offsets match those recommended for the tire
in use.
1. Inspect for signs of uneven wear that may indicate a need for balancing, rotation, front
suspension alignment, damaged tie rod, or steering components.
2. Check tires for:

• cuts.
• stone bruises.
• abrasions.
• blisters.
• embedded objects.
3. Tread wear indicators are molded into the bottom of the tread grooves. Replace the tire
when the indicator bands become visible.
Symptom Chart
SYMPTOM CHART
• Tires Show • Underinflated tires. • ADJUST air pressure
Excess Wear in tires.
on Edge of
Tread
• Vehicle overloaded. • RETURN vehicle —

NOTIFY customer of
overload condition.
• High-speed cornering. • RETURN vehicle —

NOTIFY customer of
cause of condition.
• Incorrect wheel • SET toe to

alignment. specification; for
additional information
REFER to Section
204-00.
• Tires Show • Tires overinflated. • ADJUST air pressure.

Excess Wear
in Center of
Tread
• Other • Improper tire pressure. • ADJUST pressure.

Excessive
Tire Wear
Problems
• Loose or leaking shock • TIGHTEN or

absorbers. REPLACE as
necessary.
• Front end out of • ALIGN front end; for

alignment. additional information
REFER to Section
204-00.
• Front wheel bearings out • REFER to Section

204-00 for inspection
of adjustment. procedure.
• Loose, worn or damaged • For additional

suspension components. information REFER to
Section 204-00.
• Wheel and tire assembly • BALANCE wheel and

out of balance. tire assembly.
• Excessive lateral or • REFER to Component

radial runout of wheel or Tests in this section.
tire.
• Improper tire rotation • ADVISE customer of

intervals. condition.
• Wobble or • Damaged wheel • For additional

Shimmy bearings. information REFER to
Section 204-00.
• Loose or damaged • REPLACE as

suspension components. necessary.
• Bent wheel. • REPLACE as

necessary.
• Damaged tire. • REPLACE as

necessary.
• Loose lug nuts. • TIGHTEN to

specification.
• High-Speed • Wheel hub • For additional

Shake face/pilot/bolt circle information REFER to
runout. Section 100-04.
• Tires/wheels.
• Wheel bearings.
• Suspension/steering
linkage.
• Engine.
• Transmission.
• Brake rotor.
• Vehicle • Driveline — engine. • For additional
Vibration • Tires. information REFER to
Section 100-04.
Component Tests
Tire and Wheel Runout
Excessive radial and lateral runout of a wheel and tire assembly can cause roughness, vibration,
wheel tramp, tire wear, and steering wheel tremor.
Before checking runout, and to avoid false readings caused by temporary flat spots in the tires,
check runout only after the vehicle has been driven far enough to warm the tires.
The extent of the runout is measured with the radial runout gauge. All measurements are made
on the vehicle with the tires inflated to recommended inflation pressures and with the front wheel
bearings adjusted to specifications.
Tire Runout
Measure radial and lateral tire runout at the positions shown in the illustration. Runout should not
exceed specifications.
Wheel Runout
Measure radial and lateral wheel runout at the positions shown in the illustration. Runout should
not exceed specifications.
Wheel Leaks
1. There is no approved repair method for forged aluminum or steel wheels. If the wheel is
damaged or has an air leak, a new wheel must be installed.
Wheel and Tire — Single
Removal
WARNING: Use only the integral two-piece swiveling wheel nuts. Do not attempt to
use cone-shaped one-piece wheel nuts on these vehicles. If used, cone-shaped one-piece
wheel nuts can come loose in vehicle operation. Do not attempt to use past model wheels,
which have cone-shaped wheel hub bolt nut seats, on this vehicle. Do not attempt to use
present design wheels and wheel nuts on past model wheel hubs. Attempted use of
intermixed wheels can lead to damage to the wheel mounting system and could result in
wheels coming loose.
1. Remove the wheel cover, if equipped.
2. CAUTION: Do not use heat to loosen a seized wheel nut. Heat can damage the
wheel and wheel bearings.
NOTE: Do not remove the wheel nuts at this time.
With the weight of the vehicle still on the tires, loosen the wheel nuts.
3. Raise the vehicle until the wheel and tire assembly clears the floor. For additional
4. Remove the wheel nuts.
5. Remove the wheel and tire assembly.
Installation
1. WARNING: When a wheel is installed, always remove any corrosion, dirt or

foreign material present on the mounting surfaces of the wheel or the surface of the
front disc brake hub and rotor that contacts the wheel. Installing wheels without
correct metal-to-metal contact at the wheel mounting surfaces can cause the wheel
nuts to loosen and the wheel to come off while the vehicle is in motion, resulting in
loss of control.
Position the wheel and tire assembly on the vehicle.

2. CAUTION: Do not apply motor oil to the wheel nut threads or the wheel stud
threads.
On all two-piece flat wheel nuts, apply one drop of motor oil between the flat washer and
the nut. If corrosion exists, or the integral two-piece swiveling wheel nut does not rotate
freely, install new swiveling wheel nuts as necessary.
• Install the wheel nuts loosely.
3. Turn the wheel until one wheel nut is at the top of the wheel hub bolt circle. Tighten the
wheel nut until snug. In a crisscross-type pattern, tighten the remaining wheel nuts until
snug to minimize runout.
5. CAUTION: Failure to tighten the wheel nuts in the sequence shown can result
in high wheel and tire runout, which will speed up the development of brake
roughness, shudder and vibration.
CAUTION: Torque specifications are for nut and bolt threads that are free of
dirt and rust. Use only Ford-recommended replacement fasteners.
With the weight of the vehicle on the tires, tighten the wheel nuts to specification in the
sequence shown.
6. Install the wheel cover, if equipped.
7. Advise the customer that the wheel nuts need to be retightened at 800 km (500 miles)
after wheel change or any other time the wheel nuts have been loosened. This is required
to permit the wheel clamping system to seat correctly so that the wheel nuts will hold a
uniform clamp load and remain fully tightened.
Wheel and Tire — Dual Wheel and Tire
Removal
1. WARNING: Use only the integral two-piece swiveling wheel nuts. Do not
attempt to use cone-shaped one-piece wheel nuts on these vehicles. If used, cone
shaped one-piece wheel nuts can come loose in vehicle operation. Do not attempt to
use past model wheels, which have cone-shaped wheel hub bolt nut seats, on this
vehicle. Do not attempt to use present design wheels and wheel nuts on past model
wheel hubs. Attempted use of intermixed wheels can lead to damage to the wheel
mounting system and could result in wheels coming loose.
Remove the wheel cover, if equipped.
2. CAUTION: Do not use heat to loosen a seized wheel nut. Heat can damage the
wheel and wheel bearings.
NOTE: Do not remove the wheel nuts at this time.

With the weight of the vehicle still on the tires, loosen the wheel nuts.
4. Remove the wheel nuts.
5. Remove the outer wheel and tire assembly.
6. Remove the inner wheel and tire assembly.
Installation
1. CAUTION: It is imperative that the stamped indents located on the tire bead
portion of the wheels are placed as close to 180 degrees from each other while still
allowing access to the valve stem on the inside wheel. Failure to correctly install the
wheel and tire assemblies can result in a vibration condition.
CAUTION: Do not apply motor oil to the wheel nut threads or the wheel stud
threads.
Install the inner and outer wheel and tire assemblies.
1. Position the inner wheel and tire assembly onto the axle.
2. Note the location of the alignment mark.
3. Position the outer wheel and tire assembly.
4. Position the alignment mark on the outer wheel and tire assembly as close to 180
degrees away from the alignment mark on the inner wheel and tire assembly.
5. The valve stem on the inner wheel and tire assembly must be aligned with one of
the hand holes in the outer wheel and tire assembly.
6. Install the wheel nuts loosely.

On all two-piece flat wheel nuts, apply one drop of motor oil between the
flat washer and the nut.
3. CAUTION: Failure to tighten the wheel nuts in the sequence shown can result
in high wheel and tire runout, which will speed up the development of brake
roughness, shudder and vibration.
CAUTION: Torque specifications are for nut and bolt threads that are free of
dirt and rust. Use only Ford recommended replacement fasteners.
With the weight of the vehicle on the tires, tighten the wheel nuts to specification in the
sequence shown.
4. Install the wheel cover, if equipped.
5. Advise the customer that the wheel nuts need to be retightened at 160 km (100 miles) and
then again at 800 km (500 miles) after wheel change or any other time the wheel nuts
have been loosened. This is required to permit the wheel clamping system to seat
correctly so that the wheel nuts will hold a uniform clamp load and remain fully
tightened.
GROUP 05: Driveline
SECTION 205-00: Driveline System — General Information
SECTION 205-01: Driveshaft
SECTION 205-02A: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Dana 80
SECTION 205-02B: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Dana S135
SECTION 205-02C: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full Floating Axle — Dana
SECTION 205-02D: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Ford 10.50-Inch Ring Gear
SECTION 205-02E: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full Floating Axle — Ford
SECTION 205-03: Front Drive Axle/Differential

SECTION 205-00:
Driveline System — General Information
SPECIFICATIONS
Driveline System
Driveline System
Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
Noise Acceptability
Preliminary Diagnosis
Road Test
Analysis of Leakage
Analysis of Vibration
Non-Axle Noise
Axle Noise
Total Backlash Check
Symptom Chart
Component Tests
Driveline Vibration
Runout Check — Circular Pinion Flange
Runout Check — Half-Round Companion Flange
Differential Check — Ford Traction-Lok® Road Test (Ford)
Differential Check — Tractech® Truetrac®
Differential Check — Powr-Lok® Road Test (Dana)
Tooth Contact Pattern Check — Gearset, Dana S135
Tooth Contact Pattern Check — Gearset, Except Dana S135
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes in Casting) Repair
SECTION 205-00: Driveline System — General 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Item Specification
Lubricants
Front Axle
Premium Rear Axle Lubricant WSP-M2C197-A
XY-80W90-QL
Rear Axle
Ford Rear Axle: WSL-M2C192-A
SAE 75W-140 Synthetic Rear Axle Lubricant
F1TZ-19580-B
Dana 80 Rear Axle: —
XY-75W90-GLS
Dana S135 Rear Axle: WSL-M2C192-A
F1TZ-19580-B
Additive Friction Modifier EST-M2C118-A
C8AZ-19B546-A
Driveshaft Slip-Yoke
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C ESA-M1C75-B
Capacities
Front Axle Liters (Pints) 2.8 (5.9)
Ford Rear Axle Liters (Pints) 3.26 (7.0)a
Dana 80 Rear Axle (Conventional Differential) Liters (Pints) 4.0 (8.5)
Dana 80 Rear Axle (Trac-Lok®) Liters (Pints) 3.8 (8)
Dana S135 Rear Axle Liters (Pints) 11.6 (24.5)
Friction Modifier 236.56 (8)
ML (Ounces)
Sealants
Pipe Sealant with Teflon® D8AZ-19554-A WSK-M2G350-A2
Devcon Aluminum Liquid F2 M-3D35A(E)
Stud and Bearing Mount EOAZ-19554-BA WSK-M2G349-A1
a
Service refill capacities are determined by filling the axle to the bottom of the filler hole. On
Traction-Loc® axles, always add friction modifier first.
Rear Driveline Angle Specifications — Excursion

Angles at Angles at Angles at Angles at
Wheel Maximum Maximum Curb Curb
Base Engine Axle GVWR (Deg) GVWR (Deg) (Deg) (Deg)
(inch) (L) Trans. Ratio Trans. Pinion Trans. Pinion
4x2
137 5.4 4R100 3.73 1.43 2.00 0.19 2.00
137 5.4 4R100 4.10 1.43 2.00 0.19 2.00
137 6.8 4R100 3.73 1.44 1.99 0.19 2.00
137 6.8 4R100 4.30 1.44 1.99 0.19 2.00
137 7.3 4R100 3.73 1.50 1.93 0.20 2.01
4x4
137 5.4 4R100 3.73/4.10 0.17 0.94 2.21 0.52
137 6.8 4R100 3.73/4.30 0.17 0.94 2.21 0.52
137 7.3 4R100 3.73 0.17 0.94 2.32 0.41
Driveline System
Driveline Component Locations

1 3001 Front Axle Assy
2 4001 Rear Axle Assy
3 4602 Driveshaft
4 4635 Universal Joints
The driveline transfers engine torque to the drive wheels. On 2-wheel drive vehicles, power is
transmitted through the transmission to the driveshaft (4602) and then to the rear axle assembly
(4006).
On 4-wheel drive vehicles, power is transmitted through the transmission and the transfer case
(7A195). The transfer case directs the power through the rear driveshaft and then to the rear axle
(4001). When engaged, it also transmits power through the front driveshaft to the front axle
assembly (3001).
A two-piece driveshaft is used in some longer wheelbase light truck models. As compared with a
one-piece installation, the two-piece design includes a front or "coupling" shaft, a rubber-
insulated frame-mounted driveshaft center bearing bracket, a splined slip joint and an
intermediate universal joint at the front of the rear driveshaft.
For additional information on the front axle assembly, refer to Section 205-03.
For additional information on the driveshaft, refer to Section 205-01.
For additional information on the rear axle, refer to Section 205-02A, Section 205-02B or
Section 205-02D.
The engine angle is built into the engine mounts. If the engine angle is out of specification, the
engine mounts must be inspected for damage.
Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example

The vehicle certification (VC) label is located in the driver door jamb. The first two digits of the
axle code indicate the rear axle and the third digit refers to the front axle, if so equipped. For
additional information on the VC label, refer to Section 100-01.
Dana S135 Rear Axle Identification Tag
Item Description
1 Carrier Identification Tag
2 Dana Part Number
3 Customer Part Number (Optional)
4 Julian Date Code
5 Line Set Number (Optional)
6 Axle Ratio
7 Last Six Digits of the Vehicle Serial Number (Optional)
8 Axle Assembly Identification Tag
9 Model
Dana 80 Rear Axle Identification Tag

Item Description
1 Axle Ratio (Part of 4001)
2 Axle Assy Number (Prefix Letters)
(Part of 4001)
3 Axle Assy Number (Suffix Letters)
(Part of 4001)
4 Dana Part Number (Part of 4001)
5 Included on Limited Slip Only
(Part of 4001)
Ford Rear Axle Identification Tag

Item Description
1 Plant Code
2 Axle Ratio
3 Denotes Traction-Lok®
4 Ring Gear Diameter
5 Build Year
6 Build Month
7 Build Day
Axle Identification Tag Denoting Interchangeability Affected Internally
Item Description
1 Plant Code
2 Denotes Interchangeability Affected Internally
3 Axle Ratio
4 Denotes Traction-Lok®
5 Ring Gear Diameter (Inch)
6 Build Year
7 Build Month
8 Build Day
CAUTION: The axle identification tag is the official identifier. Do not damage the tag.
Always reinstall the tag after removing it for axle inspection/repair.
The axle identification tag identifies a particular axle design, a specific ratio, and if it is a
conventional or limited slip (Traction-Lok®) type. In addition, the plant code will not change as
long as that particular axle assembly never undergoes an external design change. If, however, an
internal design change takes place during the production life of the axle and that internal change
affects parts interchangeability, a dash and numerical suffix is added to the plant code. This
means that as an assembly both axles are interchangeable; however, internally they are different.
Therefore, each requires different internal parts at the time of repair.
Driveline System
Special Tool(s)
Anglemaster II Driveline
Inclinometer
164-R2402 or Equivalent
Clamp Plate
205-320 (T92L-4851-C)
Companion Flange Holding

Tool
205-126 (T78P-4851-A)
Companion Flange Runout

Gauge
205-319 (T92L-4851-B)
Companion Flange Runout

Gauge
205–323 (T92T-4851-D)
Dial Indicator with Magnetic

Base
100-D002 (D78P-4201-B) or
Equivalent
Electronic Vibration Analyzer
014-00344
Flange Holder
205-012 (T57T-4851-B)
Gauge Pin
205–325 (T92T-4851-F)
Gauge Pin
205–326 (T92T-4851-G)
Certain axle and driveline trouble symptoms are also common to the engine, transmission, wheel
bearings, tires, and other parts of the vehicle. For this reason, verify that the cause of the trouble
is in the axle before adjusting, repairing, or installing new parts. For additional information, refer
to Section 100-04.
Certain symptoms may be caused by Ford Traction-Lok® differentials. Check the vehicle
certification label and the axle identification tag to determine the type of differential. For
Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
or seized U-joints. Install a new U-joint if it shows signs of seizure, excessive wear, or incorrect
seating. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing

1. Raise and support the vehicle. For additional information, refer to Section 100-02. Allow
the rear axle to be freely suspended.
2. Use white chalk or paint to mark a vertical line on the center of each rear tire.
3. Adjust both wheels so that the markings face the front of the vehicle. With a tape
measure, measure the distance between the marks and record this reading (front reading).
4. Rotate the rear wheels so the markings are directly underneath the vehicle. Measure the
distance between the marks and record this reading (bottom reading).
5. Rotate the rear wheels so the markings face the rear of the vehicle. Measure and record
the distance between the marks (rear reading).
6. Compare the front and the rear readings (Steps 3 and 5) to find the toe-in or toe-out
condition.
• Toe-in occurs when the front measurement is less than the rear measurement.
• Toe-out occurs when the rear measurement is less than the front measurement.
7. To determine camber, find the average of the front and the rear measurements (Steps 3
and 5). Subtract the bottom reading (Step 4) from this number.
8. Positive (+) camber is when the bottom reading is less than the average of the front and
rear readings. Negative (-) camber is when the bottom reading is greater than the average
of the front and rear readings.
9. The results of the calculations in Steps 6 and 7 must conform to the following
specifications:
Toe-in: 0 — 1/16 inch.
Toe-out: 0 — 3/16 inch.
Camber: 0 ± 5/32 inch.
If the differential housing does not meet these specifications, install a new differential
housing. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02A, Section 205-02B or
Section 205-02D.
10. After installing a new differential housing, repeat Steps 2 through 7.
Noise Acceptability
NOTE: A gear-driven unit will produce a certain amount of noise. Some noise is acceptable and
audible at certain speeds or under various driving conditions such as a newly paved blacktop
road. Slight noise is not detrimental to the operation of the axle and is considered normal.
With the Ford Traction-Lok® differential, slight chatter noise on slow turns after extended
highway driving is considered acceptable and has no detrimental effect on the locking
differential function.
Preliminary Diagnosis
Question the Customer
The preliminary diagnosis starts with the customer interview. The history of the concern must be
investigated: When was it first noticed? Did it appear suddenly or gradually? Did any abnormal
occurrence coincide with or precede its appearance such as pothole or curb impacts, minor
collisions, etc.)? Were there any repair procedures carried out or new parts installed previously?
It is also necessary to know any special conditions affecting the appearance and degree of the
concern, such as road speed, type of road, drive mode, engine temperature, ambient temperature,
etc.
A gradual appearance of the concern indicates a deterioration of a component, such as tires or

front wheel bearings.
A sudden appearance of the concern could indicate a lost wheel balance weight.
Road Test
A road test is mandatory for any customer concern of noise/vibration that is not verified by the
on-hoist check of chassis components. The Vehicle Road Test Evaluation form is arranged to
record the conditions heard or felt during this test.
The road test form lists four operating conditions or modes in which some axle noises come and
go: DRIVE, CRUISE, COAST, and FLOAT.
Mode Conditions
DRIVE Accelerating the vehicle; a definite throttle depression applying engine torque.
CRUISE Maintaining a constant speed with the throttle applied.
COAST Decelerating with the throttle closed.
FLOAT Controlled deceleration; backing the throttle continually to prevent either braking or
accelerating torque from the engine.
Operate the vehicle in all four modes and record those in which the noise occurs. Write down the
kilometers-per-hour (miles-per-hour) range at which both noise and vibration occur. Evaluate
rear axle noise with the transmission in DIRECT DRIVE and not in OVERDRIVE. Transmission
noise can be mistaken for rear axle noise when in OVERDRIVE.
Vehicle Road Test Evaluation Form

Analysis of Leakage
Clean up the leaking area enough to identify the exact source.
A plugged differential housing vent can cause excessive pinion seal lip wear due to internal
pressure buildup.
Verify the axle lubricant level is correct; refer to Specifications in this section.
Axle Vent
NOTE: If the vent cannot be cleared, install a new vent.
A plugged vent will cause excessive seal lip wear due to internal pressure buildup. If a leak
occurs, check the vent. Verify the vent hose is not kinked. Remove the hose from the vent nipple
and clear the hose of any foreign material. While the hose is removed, pass a length of
mechanics wire or a small diameter Allen wrench in and out of the vent to clean it. Connect the
hose when done.
Flange Yoke Seal
Leaks at the axle drive pinion seal originate for the following reasons:
• Seal was installed incorrectly.

• Poor quality seal journal surface.
Any damage to the seal bore (dings, dents, gouges, or other imperfections) will distort the seal
casing and allow leakage past the outer edge of the axle drive pinion seal.
The axle drive pinion seal can be torn, cut, or gouged if it is not installed carefully. The spring
that holds the axle drive pinion seal against the pinion flange may be knocked out and allow
leakage past the lip.
The rubber lips can occasionally become hard (like plastic) with cracks at the oil lip contact
point. The contact point on the pinion flange may blacken, indicating excessive heat. Marks,
nicks, gouges, or rough surface texture on the seal journal of the pinion flange will also cause
leaks.
Axle drive pinion seal wear 1.27 mm (0.050 inch) or greater is considered excessive.
Install a new pinion flange if any of these conditions exist.
Metal chips or sand trapped at the sealing lip may also cause oil leaks. This can cause a wear
groove on the pinion flange and heavy pinion seal wear.
When a seal leak occurs, install a new seal and check the vent and the vent hose to verify that
they are clean and free of foreign material.
Drive Pinion Nut
CAUTION: Follow the correct procedure for setting the bearing preload when the nut
is installed. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02A, Section 205-02B or
Section 205-02D for the rear axle or Section 205-03 for the front axle.
On some high-mileage units, oil may leak past the threads of the pinion nut. This condition can
be corrected by removing the nut and applying Pipe Sealant with Teflon® D8AZ-19554-A or
equivalent meeting Ford specification WSK-M2G350-A2 on the threads and nut face.
Wheel Hub Oil Seals
Wheel hub oil seals are susceptible to the same kinds of damage as axle drive pinion seals if
installed incorrectly. The seal bore must be clean and the lip handled carefully to avoid cutting or
tearing it. Spindle journal surface must be free of nicks, gouges, and rough surface texture. For
additional information on wheel hub oil seals, refer to Section 205-02C or Section 205-02E.
Analysis of Vibration
WARNING: A vehicle equipped with a Ford Traction-Lok® differential or a

Tractech® Truetrac® differential will always have both wheels driving. If only one wheel is
raised off the floor and the rear axle is driven by the engine, the wheel on the floor could
drive the vehicle off the stand or jack. Verify that both rear wheels are off the floor.
Few vibration conditions are caused by the front or rear axle. On a vibration concern, follow the
diagnosis procedure in Section 100-04 unless there is a good reason to suspect the axle.
Tires
WARNING: Do not balance the wheels and tires while they are mounted on the
vehicle. Possible tire disintegration/differential failure could result, causing personal
injury/extensive component damage. Use an off-vehicle wheel and tire balancer only.
Most vibration in the rear end is caused by tires or driveline angle.
Vibration is a concern with modern, high-mileage tires if they are not "true" both radially and
laterally. They are more susceptible to vibration around the limits of radial and lateral runout of
the tire and wheel assembly. They also require more accurate balancing. Wheel and tire runout
checks, truing and balancing are normally done before an axle inspection. For additional
Driveshaft
1. Road test the vehicle to determine the critical vibration points. Note the road speed, the
engine RPM, and the shift lever positions at which the vibration occurs.
2. Stop the vehicle, place the transmission lever in neutral and run the engine through the
critical speed ranges determined in Step 1.
3. If no vibration is felt, balance the driveshaft. For additional information, refer to

Driveline Vibration in this section.
Driveline Angle
Driveline angularity is the angular relationship between the engine crankshaft (6303), the
driveshaft, and the rear axle pinion. Factors determining driveline angularity include ride height,
rear spring, and engine mounts.
Driveline Angle
Item Description
1 Bottom of the frame
2 Engine crankshaft centerline
3 Engine angle
4 Driveshaft and coupling shaft centerline
5 Driveshaft and coupling shaft angle
6 Rear axle pinion centerline
7 Axle pinion angle
Calculate the driveline operating angles as follows.
1. Preliminary setup procedures.

1. Inspect the U-joints for correct operation.
2. Park the vehicle on a level surface such as a drive-on hoist, or back onto a front
end alignment rack.
3. Verify the curb position ride height is within specifications with the vehicle
unloaded, and all of the tires inflated to their normal operating pressures.
4. Rotate the transmission output yoke until vertical. This will simplify taking
measurements.
2. Using the special tool, measure the slope of the components. Record the measurements
and the direction of the component's slope.
Example for Calculating Operating Angles

Item Description
1 Output yoke slope
2 Driveshaft slope
3 The driveshaft slope minus the output yoke slope equals the transmission/driveshaft
operating angle
4 Pinion flange slope
5 The driveshaft slope minus the pinion flange slope equals the driveshaft/axle operating
angle
3. Calculate the difference in the slope of the components to determine the U-joint operating
angle.
• When two connected components slope in the same direction, subtract the smaller
number from the largest to find the U-joint operating angle. When two connected
components slope in the opposite direction, add the measurements to find the U-
joint operating angle.
• The U-joint operating angle is the angle formed by two yokes connected by a
cross and bearing kit. Ideally, the operating angles on each end of the driveshaft
must:
be equal or within one degree of each other.
have a three degree maximum operating angle.
have at least one-half of one degree continuous operating angle.
An incorrect driveline (pinion) angle can often be detected by the driving condition in which the
vibration occurs.
• A vibration during coast-down from 72 to 56 km/h (45 to 35 mph) is often caused by an

excessive U-joint angle at the axle (pinion nose downward).
• A vibration during acceleration, from 56 to 72 km/h (35 to 45 mph) may indicate an
excessive U-joint angle at the axle (pinion nose upward).
If the tires and driveline angle are not the cause, perform the NVH tests to determine whether the
concern is caused by a condition in the axle. For additional information, refer to Section 100-04.
Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear

or seized U-joints. Install a new U-joint if it shows signs of seizure, excessive wear, or incorrect
seating. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
Drive Pinion Stem and Pinion Flange
Check the pinion flange runout when all other checks have failed to show the cause of vibration.
One cause of excessive pinion flange runout is incorrect installation of the axle drive pinion seal.
Check to see if the spring on the seal lip has been dislodged before installing a new differential
ring gear and pinion.
Coupling Shaft/Center Bearing Alignment
Vehicle noise and vibration can be caused by a dislodged or failed driveshaft center bearing
support rubber insulator, a contaminated driveshaft center bearing support (4800) or excessive
compression of the rubber insulator. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
Bearing Shimming
Drive-away shudder is the predominant symptom associated with driveline angles condition on
vehicles with two-piece driveshafts. Drive-away shudder can usually be corrected by shimming
down the driveshaft center bearing bracket. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
If the drive-away shudder cannot be corrected by shimming down the driveshaft center bearing
bracket, check the driveline angles as described in this section.
Non-Axle Noise
There are several components, which when subject to certain conditions, can produce sound
similar to axle noise. These components are the exhaust, the tires, roof racks, the power steering
pump, auxiliary fluid coolers and the trim mouldings.
• The pitch of the exhaust may sound like gear whine.

• Tires — especially snow tires — can have a high-pitched tread whine or roar similar to
gear noise. Radial tires, to some degree, have this characteristic. Any non-standard tire
with an unusual tread construction may also emit a roar or whine-type noise.
• Trim, grille, and mouldings can also cause whistling or whining noises.
Make sure that none of these are the cause of the noise before proceeding with axle teardown and
diagnosis.
Axle Noise
NOTE: Before disassembling the axle to diagnose and correct gear noise, eliminate the tires,
exhaust, trim items, roof racks, axle shafts (4234) and wheel bearings as possible causes.
The noises described as follows usually have specific causes that can be diagnosed by
observation as the unit is disassembled. The initial clues are the type of noise heard during the
road test.
Gear Howl and Whine
Howling or whining of the differential ring gear and pinion is due to an incorrect gear pattern,
gear damage or incorrect bearing preload.
Bearing Whine
Bearing whine is a high-pitched sound similar to a whistle. It is usually caused by worn/damaged

pinion bearings, which are operating at driveshaft speed. Bearing noise occurs at all driving
speeds. This distinguishes it from gear whine which usually comes and goes as speed changes.
As noted, pinion bearings make a high-pitched, whistling noise, usually at all speeds. If however,
there is only one pinion bearing that is worn/damaged, the noise may vary in different driving
phases. Do not install new pinion bearings unless bearings are scored or damaged or there is a
specific pinion bearing noise. A worn/damaged bearing will normally be obvious at disassembly.
Examine the large end of the rollers for wear. If the pinion bearings original blend radius has
worn to a sharp edge, install a new pinion bearing.
NOTE: A low-pitched rumble normally associated with a worn/damaged wheel bearing can be
caused by the exterior luggage rack or tires.
A wheel bearing noise can be mistaken for a pinion bearing noise. Check the wheel bearing for a
spalled cup, and spalled/damaged rollers. Install a new wheel bearing and cup if any of these
concerns are detected.
Chuckle
Chuckle that occurs on the coast driving phase is usually caused by excessive clearance between
the differential gear hub and the differential case bore.
Damage to a gear tooth on the coast side can cause a noise identical to a chuckle. A very small
tooth nick or ridge on the edge of a tooth can cause the noise.
Clean the gear tooth nick or ridge with a small grinding wheel. If the damaged area is larger than
3.2 mm (1/8 inch), install a new gearset.
To check the differential ring gear and pinion, remove as much lubricant as possible from the
gears with clean solvent. Wipe the gears dry or blow them dry with compressed air. Look for
scored or damaged teeth. Also look for cracks or other damage.
If either gear is scored or damaged badly, install a new differential ring gear and pinion.
If metal has broken loose, the differential housing must be cleaned to remove particles that will
cause damage. At this time, any other damaged parts in the differential housing must also be
discarded and new parts installed.
Knock
Knock, which can occur on all driving phases, has several causes including damaged teeth or
gearset.
A gear tooth damaged on the drive side is a common cause of the knock. This can usually be
corrected by grinding the damaged area.
Clunk
Clunk is a metallic noise heard when the automatic transmission is engaged in REVERSE or
DRIVE. The noise may also occur when throttle is applied or released. It is caused by backlash
somewhere in the driveline or loose suspension components; it is felt or heard in the axle. For
additional information, refer to Total Backlash Check in this section.
Additionally, clunk may be heard upon initial drive-away. This occurs as engine torque shifts
vehicle weight, forcing changes in driveline angles, preventing the driveshaft slip-yoke from
sliding on the output shaft. To correct for this condition, lubricate the slip-yoke splines. For
Total Backlash Check
2. Remove the driveshaft. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
3. Install the special tool.

• Clamp a rigid bar or pipe to the tool. Clamp the other end of the bar or pipe to the
frame or a body member in order to prevent movement of the pinion flange.
4. Lower the vehicle so that one rear wheel is resting on a wheel chock to prevent it from
turning. The other rear wheel will be used to measure total rear axle backlash.
5. Rotate the free wheel slowly, by hand, until the feeling of driving the rear axle is
encountered. Place a mark on the side of the tire, 305 mm (12 inches) from the center of
the wheel, with a crayon or chalk.
6. While holding the crayon or chalk against the tire, rotate the wheel slowly in the opposite
direction until the feeling of driving the rear axle is encountered again.
7. Measure the length of the crayon or chalk mark on the tire.

• If the length of the mark is 25.4 mm (1 inch) or less, the rear axle backlash is
within allowable limits.
• If the chalk mark is greater than 25.4 mm (1 inch), check for these conditions:
Elongation of the differential pinion shaft and holes in the differential case
(4204).
Missing differential pinion thrust washer (4230) or differential side gear
thrust washer (4228).
Galling of the differential pinion shaft (4211) and bore.
Excessive ring gear and pinion backlash. Follow the procedure for the type
of rear axle to check backlash.
Bearing Rumble
Bearing rumble sounds like marbles being tumbled. This condition is usually caused by
worn/damaged wheel bearing. The lower pitch is because the wheel bearing turns at only about
one-third of the driveshaft speed. Wheel bearing noise also may be high-pitched, similar to gear
noise, but will be evident in all four driving modes.
Analysis of Inoperative Conditions
If the axle does not operate, one of the following may be the cause.
Broken Welds
If the differential housing welds are completely broken, install a new differential housing.
Wheel Bearing Wear/Damage
Because of the severe loads they must handle, new wheel bearings may need to be installed at
high mileage. If a wheel bearing fails at low mileage, it is often caused by overloading.
Axle Lock Up
Lock up or seizure of the axle shaft usually indicates inadequate lubrication. Without enough
lubricant, the heated parts get soft and may eventually weld together. Check for lubricant leaks
after repair.
Symptom Chart
Symptom Chart
• Excessive • Rear/front axle. • CARRY OUT the NVH
Rear/Front tests to determine whether
Axle Noise the noise is a NVH concern
caused by a condition in the
rear/front axle. REFER to
Section 100-04.
• Wheel bearing. • INSPECT and INSTALL

new wheel bearings as
necessary.
• Loud Clunk in • High idle speed. • REFER to Powertrain

the Driveline Control/Emissions
When Shifting Diagnosis (PC/ED) manual.
from Reverse
to Forward
• Engine mounts. • INSPECT and REPAIR as

necessary.
• Driveshaft • REFER to Universal Joint

components. (U-joint) Inspection under
in this section. REPAIR as
necessary.
• Rear axle shafts / • REMOVE, INSPECT and

differential. REPAIR as necessary.
• Suspension • INSPECT, REPAIR as

components. necessary.
• Backlash in the • CARRY OUT Total

axle or the Backlash Check in this
transmission. section. REPAIR as
necessary.
• Lubrication. • ADD lubricant as necessary.
• Driveline • Rear spring U- • TIGHTEN the U-bolts to

Clunk as the bolts. specification.
Vehicle Starts
to Move
Following a
Stop
• Output driveshaft • REMOVE the driveshaft

and coupling shaft from the vehicle. CLEAN
splines. the male splines and
INSPECT for worn or
galled splines. REPAIR as
necessary.
• Driveshaft slip- • CLEAN and INSPECT the

yoke splines. female splines of the
driveshaft slip-yoke for
worn or galled condition.
REPAIR as necessary.
• Rear Axle Has • Lubricant. • ROAD TEST the vehicle.

a High-Pitched DRIVE in tight circles, 5
Chattering clockwise and 5
Noise While counterclockwise. If the
Turning (Ford chatter is still evident,
Traction- FLUSH and REFILL with
Lok®) the specified rear axle
lubricant and dosage of
friction modifier additive.
REFER to Specifications in
this section.
• Differential. • REPAIR as necessary.
• Powr-Lok® • Lubricant • Refer to Differential Check

Rear Axle Has • Differential — Powr-Lok® Road Test
a Chatter (Dana) in this section.
Noise While
Turning
• Ford Traction- • Differential. • CARRY OUT the

Lok® Does Differential Check — Ford
Not Work in Traction-Lok® Road Test in
Snow, Mud or this section. REPAIR as
on Ice necessary.
• Clicking, • Wheel bearings. • REFER to Section 204-01B

Popping, or (4x4) or Section 206-03
Grinding (4x2).
Noises While
Turning
• Brake • REFER to Section 206-00.

components.
• Suspension • REFER to Section 204-00.

components.
• Steering • REFER to Section 211-00.

components.
• Vibration at • Out-of-balance • BALANCE wheels and

Highway wheels or tires. tires, or INSTALL new tires
Speeds as necessary.
• Out-of-round • REFER to Section 204-04.

tires.
• Shudder, • Axle assembly • CHECK the axle mounts for

Vibration mispositioned. damage and wear. REPAIR
During as necessary.
Acceleration
• Front suspension • CHECK for worn

suspension bushings and
components. damaged components.
REPAIR as necessary.
• Driveline angles • CHECK the driveline

out of angles.
specification.
• Rear spring U- • TIGHTEN the U-bolt.

bolt.
• Binding, • CHECK the transmission

damaged, or for correct lubricant.
galled splines on CLEAN and lap the splines.
driveshaft slip- LUBRICATE the splines
yoke. with Premium Long-Life
Grease XG-1-C or
equivalent meeting Ford
specification ESA-M1C75-
B.
• U-joints binding • REFER to Section 205-01.

or seized.
• Driveline • U-joint. • INSPECT and INSTALL

Vibration new universal joints (4249)
as necessary. REFER to
Section 205-01.
• Pinion flange • REFER to Driveline

runout. Vibration in this section.
• Driveshaft out of • REFER to Driveline

balance. Vibration in this section.
• Driveshaft runout. • REFER to Driveline

Vibration in this section.
• Lateral and radial • REFER to Section 204-04.

tire and wheel
runout.
• Driveline angles • CORRECT as necessary.

out of
specification.
• Splines on • CHECK the transmission

driveshaft slip for correct lubricant.
yoke (4841). CLEAN and lap the splines.
LUBRICATE the splines
with Premium Long-Life
Grease XG-1-C or
equivalent meeting Ford
specification ESA-M1C75-
B.
• Loose driveshaft– • TIGHTEN to specifications.

to–pinion flange REFER to Section 205-01.
retainers.
• Noise Is the • Road. • Normal condition.

Same on Drive
or Coast
• Tire(s). • BALANCE or INSTALL

new tire(s). REFER to
Section 204-04.
• Wheel bearing. • INSPECT and, as necessary,

ADJUST or INSTALL new
wheel bearings.
• Incorrect driveline • CORRECT as necessary.

angles or phasing.
• Lubricant • Vent. • CLEAN the differential

Leaking from housing vent.
the Pinion
Seal, Axle
Shaft Oil Seals
(3254)
• Damage in the • INSTALL a new pinion

seal contact area flange and pinion seal if
or dust slinger on damage is found.
the pinion flange
dust shield.
• Noise Tone • Tire(s). • BALANCE or INSTALL
Lowers as the new tire(s). REFER to
Vehicle Speed Section 204-04.
is Lowered
• Similar Noise • Engine. • REFER to Section 303-00.

Is Produced
with the
Vehicle
Standing and
Driving
• Transmission. • REFER to the appropriate

transmission section.
• Noise Most • Differential side • For conventional and Ford

Pronounced gears and pinion Traction-Lok® differentials,
While Turning gears. INSTALL new gears. The
Tractech® Truetrac®
differential is non-
repairable. DISCARD the
entire assembly if it is
worn/damaged.
• Drive Noise, • Wheel/axle shaft • INSPECT and, as necessary,

Coast Noise or bearings or ADJUST or INSTALL new
Float Noise differential side bearings.
bearings.
• Differential ring • CHECK the differential ring

gear and pinion. gear and pinion. ADJUST
or INSTALL a new
differential ring gear and
pinion.
Component Tests
Driveline Vibration
NOTE: An analysis of driveline vibration can also be conducted using the Electronic Vibration
Analyzer and following the manufacturer's directions.
Driveline vibration exhibits a higher frequency and lower amplitude than does high-speed shake.
Driveline vibration is directly related to the speed of the vehicle and is usually noticed at various
speed ranges. Driveline vibration can be perceived as a tremor in the floor pan or is heard as a
rumble, hum, or boom. Driveline vibration can exist in all drive modes, but may exhibit different
symptoms depending upon whether the vehicle is accelerating, decelerating, floating, or
coasting. Check the driveline angles if the vibration is particularly noticeable during acceleration
or deceleration, especially at lower speeds. Driveline vibration can be duplicated by supporting
the axle upon a hoist or upon jack stands, though the brakes may need to be applied lightly in
order to simulate road resistance.
1. Raise the vehicle promptly after road testing. Use twin-post hoist or jack stands to
prevent tire flat-spotting. Engage the drivetrain and accelerate to the observed road test
speed to verify the presence of the vibration. If the vibration is not evident, check the
non-driving wheels with a wheel balancer to rule out imbalance as a possible cause. If
necessary, balance the non-driving wheels and repeat the road test. If the vibration is still
evident, proceed to Step 2.
2. Mark the relative position of the drive wheels to the wheel lugs. Remove the wheels.
Install all the wheel nuts in the reversed position (wheel nuts can be installed in their
normal orientation on axles with dual rear wheels) and repeat the road speed acceleration.
If the vibration is gone, refer to the tire and wheel runout procedure in Section 204-04. If
the vibration persists, proceed to Step 3.
3. Inspect the driveshaft(s) (for signs of physical damage, missing balance weight,
undercoating, incorrect seating, wear and binding universal joints [4635]). Clean the
driveshaft and install new universal joints or a driveshaft if damaged. Check the index
marks (paint spots) on the rear of the driveshaft and pinion flange. If these marks are
more than one quarter turn apart, disconnect the driveshaft and re-index it to align the
marks as closely as possible. After any corrections are made, recheck for vibration at the
road test speed. If the vibration is gone, reinstall the wheels and road test. If the vibration
persists, proceed to Step 4.
4. Raise the vehicle on a hoist and remove the wheels. Rotate the driveshaft by turning the
axle and measure the runout at the front, the center, and the rear of the driveshaft with the
indicator. If the runout exceeds 0.89 mm (0.035 inch) at the front or center, install a new
driveshaft. If the front and center are within this limit, but the rear runout is not, mark the
rear runout high point and proceed to Step 5. If the runout is within the limits at all
points, proceed to Step 7.
5. NOTE: Check the U-joints during re-indexing. If a U-joint feels stiff or gritty, install
new U-joints.
Scribe alignment marks on the driveshaft and the pinion flange. Disconnect the
driveshaft, rotate it one half turn, and reconnect it. Circular pinion flanges can be turned
in one quarter increments to fine tune the runout condition; half-round pinion flanges are
limited to two positions. Check the runout at the rear of the driveshaft. If it is still over
0.89 mm (0.035 inch), mark the high point and proceed to Step 6. If the runout is no
longer excessive, check for vibration at the road test speed. If vibration is still present, re-
index the driveshaft slip yoke on the transmission output shaft one half turn and road test
the vehicle. If the vibration persists, proceed to Step 7.
6. Excessive driveshaft runout may originate in the driveshaft itself or in the pinion flange.
To determine which, compare the two high points marked in Steps 4 and 5. If the marks
are close together, within about 25 mm (1 inch), install a new driveshaft and road test the
vehicle.
If the marks are on opposite sides of the driveshaft, the pinion flange is responsible for the
vibration.
When installing a new pinion flange, the driveshaft runout must not exceed 0.89 mm (0.035
inch). When runout is within limits, recheck for vibration at road speed. If vibration persists,
balance the driveshaft.
7. To balance the driveshaft, install one or two hose clamps on the driveshaft, near the rear.
Position of the hose clamp head(s) can be determined by trial-and-error.
8. Mark the rear of the driveshaft into four approximately equal sectors and number the
marks 1 through 4. Install a hose clamp on the driveshaft with its head at position No. 1.
Check for vibration at road speed. Recheck with the clamp at each of the other positions to find
the position that shows minimum vibration. If two adjacent positions show equal improvement,
position the clamp head between them.
9. If the vibration persists, add a second clamp at the same position and recheck for
vibration.
If no improvement is noted, rotate the clamps in opposite directions, equal distances from the
best position determined in Step 8. Separate the clamp heads about 13 mm (1/2 inch) and
recheck for vibration at the road speed.
Repeat the process with increasing separation until the best combination is found or the vibration
is reduced to an acceptable level.
10. Install the wheels and road test (vibration noticeable on the hoist may not be evident
during the road test). If the vibration is still not acceptable, install a new axle driveline
vibration damper first, if so equipped. If the vibration is still not acceptable, refer to
Section 205-02A, Section 205-02B or Section 205-02D for differential case and ring gear
runout checks.
Runout Check — Circular Pinion Flange
CAUTION: This operation disturbs the pinion bearing preload. Pinion bearing
preload must be reset if the pinion nut has been loosened or removed for pinion flange
reindexing or if a new pinion flange was installed.
1. Raise the vehicle on a twin-post hoist that supports the rear axle.
3. Check the pinion flange for damage.
4. Position the special tool on the pinion flange.

5. Position the special tool onto the Companion Flange Runout Gauge.
6. Align the holes on the clamp plate with the holes in the pinion flange and install the bolts.
Snug the bolts evenly.
7. Position the special tool as shown. Turn the Companion Flange Runout Gauge, and locate
and mark the high spot on the pinion flange with yellow paint.
If the flange runout exceeds 0.25 mm (0.010 inch), remove the pinion flange, reindex the flange
one half turn on the pinion, and reinstall it.
8. Check the runout again. If necessary, rotate the flange until an acceptable runout is
obtained. If the flange runout is still more than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch), install a new pinion
flange.
9. If excessive runout is still evident after installing the new pinion flange, install a new ring
and pinion. Repeat the above checks until the runout is within specifications.
10. Install the driveshaft. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
Runout Check — Half-Round Companion Flange
CAUTION: Pinion bearing preload must be reset if the pinion nut has been loosened
or removed for pinion flange reindexing or replacement.
1. Raise the vehicle on a twin-post hoist that supports the rear axle.
3. Check the pinion flange for damage.
4. Insert the correct size special tool.

5. Position the special tool on the pinion flange.
6. Align the holes on the gauge with the holes in the pinion flange and install the bolts and
nuts.
7. NOTE: Accurate tool setup will result in accurate final readings.
Position the special tool as shown. Adjust and lightly tighten the mounting bolts and nuts
so the gauge runout is 0.254 mm (0.010 inch) or less.
8. Position the special tool on the edge of the gauge. Turn the Companion Flange Runout
Gauge, and locate and mark the high spot on the pinion flange with yellow paint.
If the flange runout exceeds 0.25 mm (0.010 inch), remove the pinion flange, reindex the flange
one-half turn on the pinion, and reinstall it.
9. Check the runout again. If necessary, reindex the flange until an acceptable runout is
obtained. If the flange runout is still more than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch), install a new pinion
flange.
10. If excessive runout is still evident after installing the new pinion flange, install a new ring
and pinion. Repeat the above checks until the runout is within specifications.
Differential Check — Ford Traction-Lok® Road Test (Ford)
1. Place one wheel on a dry surface and the other wheel on ice, mud or snow.
2. Gradually open the throttle to obtain maximum traction prior to break away. The ability
to move the vehicle demonstrates correct performance of a Traction-Lok® rear axle
assembly (4006).
3. When starting with one wheel on an excessively slippery surface, a slight application of
the parking brake may be necessary to help energize the Traction-Lok® feature of the
differential. Release the brake when traction is established. Use light throttle on starting
to provide maximum traction.
4. If, with unequal traction, both wheels slip, the limited slip rear axle has done all it can
possibly do.
5. In extreme cases of differences in traction, the wheel with the least traction may spin after
the Traction-Lok® has transferred as much torque as possible to the non-slipping wheel.
Differential Check — Tractech® Truetrac®
1. Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL.
3. Spin either rear wheel.

• Both wheels must spin with a fluid motion. Any feeling of gripping and
release/roughness indicates that further inspection of the axle assembly is
necessary. For additional information about axle disassembly and inspection, refer
to Section 205-02A or Section 205-02B.
4. Shift the transmission into gear.
5. Spin either rear wheel.

• The other wheel must spin with a fluid motion in the opposite direction and at the
same speed of the wheel being spun. Any feeling of gripping and
release/roughness indicates that further inspection of the axle assembly is
necessary. For additional information about axle disassembly and inspection, refer
to Section 205-02A or Section 205-02B.
Differential Check — Powr-Lok® Road Test (Dana)
1. Drive the vehicle for at least ten miles to warm up the axle lubricant.
• More miles may be necessary depending on the outside temperature.
2. Drive the vehicle in a tight circle for five minutes and then in the opposite direction for
another five minutes.
3. Make a minimum of ten figure eight turns.
4. If chatter is still present, drain and refill the axle with the specified type and amount of
lubricant and friction modifier. For additional information, refer to Specifications in this
section.
5. Perform the road test again.

• There might be a slight chatter. If the chatter persists after 160 km (100 miles) of
vehicle operation, install a new differential.
Tooth Contact Pattern Check — Gearset, Dana S135
1. CAUTION: If reusing the differential ring gear and pinion, measure and
record the backlash before disassembly. Re-assembling the differential ring gear
and pinion to the recorded backlash will match the established wear patterns. Hand
rolled patterns will cover less area than the established patterns.
Paint one quarter of both the drive and the coast side of the differential ring gear with
marking compound.
2. While applying a load, rotate the differential ring gear one complete revolution.
Correct Contact Pattern — Single Index Lightly Loaded
Correct Contact Pattern — Single Index Heavily Loaded

3. Verify the contact pattern is correct.
• Tooth contact pattern can move only by adjusting backlash. Tooth contact pattern
can move only in the direction of heal-to-toe, and toe-to-heel. Depth of the tooth
contact pattern is not adjustable. Contact Spicer Service at 1-800-666-8688 for
assistance if you are unable to establish an acceptable tooth contact pattern within
the limits of backlash.
Tooth Contact Pattern Check — Gearset, Except Dana S135
1. To check the gear tooth contact, paint the gear teeth with the special marking compound.
A mixture that is too wet will run and smear; a mixture that is too dry cannot be pressed
out from between the teeth.
2. Use a box wrench on the ring gear bolts as a lever to rotate the differential ring gear
several complete revolutions in both directions or until a clear tooth contact pattern is
obtained.
3. Certain types of gear tooth contact patterns on the differential ring gear indicate incorrect
adjustment. Incorrect adjustment can be corrected by readjusting the differential ring gear
or the pinion.
Contact Pattern Location — Except Dana S135
In general, desirable ring gear tooth patterns must have the following characteristics:
• Drive pattern on the drive side differential ring gear well centered on the tooth.
• Coast pattern on the coast side differential ring gear well centered on the tooth.
• Clearance between the pattern and the top of the tooth.
• No hard lines where the pressure is high.
Acceptable differential ring gear tooth patterns for all axles.

Correct backlash with a thinner pinion position shim required.
Correct backlash with a thicker pinion position shim required.
Correct pinion position shim that requires a decrease in backlash.

Correct pinion position shim that requires an increase in backlash.
Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes in Casting) Repair
NOTE: Do not disassemble the carrier. Make repairs on the outside of the axle.
NOTE: Casting porosity is a condition where occasionally gas bubbles will form during the
casting process leaving small pockets in the metal that may cause the axle housing to show signs
of dampness.
1. To fill small pockets, peen in a small amount of body lead.
2. Seal the pocket.

• Use Devcon Aluminum Liquid F2 or equivalent meeting Ford specification M-
3D35A(E).
3. To fill large pockets, drill and tap a shallow hole for a small setscrew. Install the setscrew
and seal it.
• Use Devcon Aluminum Liquid F2 or equivalent meeting Ford specification M-
3D35A(E).
SECTION 205-01:
Driveshaft
SPECIFICATIONS
Driveshaft
Universal Joints
Driveshaft
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Indexing
Runout and Balance
Driveshaft—Front
Driveshaft—Rear, One-Piece, 4x2 With 137-Inch and 141-Inch Wheel Base
Driveshaft—Rear, One-Piece, 4x4 With 137-, 141- and 142-Inch Wheel Base
Driveshaft—Rear, Two-Piece
Driveshaft—Rear, Three-Piece, F-450, F-550
Driveshaft—Rear, Three-Piece, Motorhome
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
Center Bearing
Universal Joint—Single Cardan
Universal Joint—Double Cardan
Driveshaft Slip Yoke
SECTION 205-01: Driveshaft 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop Manual
Item Specification
Driveshaft to transfer case bolts, front 102 76
Driveshaft to transfer case bolts, rear 102 76
Driveshaft to front axle bolts 35 26
Driveshaft to rear axle bolts (except Motorhome) 35 26
Driveshaft to parking brake drum bolts 150 111
Driveshaft center bearing bolts (except Motorhome) 63 47
Driveshaft to coupling shaft (except Motorhome) 35 26
Driveshaft to manual transmission flange 102 76
Driveshaft to coupling shaft (Motorhome) 102 76
Driveshaft to rear axle bolts (Motorhome) 74.5 55
Driveshaft center bearing bolts (Motorhome) 90 66
Reverse slip driveshaft flange nut 407 300
Driveshaft
Driveshaft — Front

1 4A376 Driveshaft
2 4782 Driveshaft Centering Socket Yoke
3 — Snap Ring (Part of 4635)
4 4635 Universal Joint (U-Joint)
5 4784 Driveshaft Center Yoke
6 4K277 Driveshaft Slip Yoke Boot Clamp
7 4421 Driveshaft Slip Yoke Boot
8 4841 Driveshaft Slip Yoke
Driveshaft — Rear, One-Piece 4x2 with 137- and 141-Inch Wheel Base
1 4851 Driveshaft Rear Axle Flange
3 4A254 U-Joint Retainer
4 4602 Driveshaft
Driveshaft — Rear, One-Piece 4x4 with 141-Inch Wheel Base

1 4602 Driveshaft
Driveshaft — Rear, One-Piece 4x4 with 137- and 142-Inch Wheel Base

1 4602 Driveshaft
2 4782 Driveshaft Centering Socket Yoke
5 4784 Driveshaft Center Yoke
6 — Spring (Part of 4A376)
Driveshaft — Rear, Two-Piece, All Models Except XLT and Lariat 4x2 with 142-Inch
Wheel Base and 156- and 158-Inch Wheel Base
3 — Bearing (Part of 4635)
4 — Seal (Part of 4635)
5 — Spider (Part of 4635)
6 4K145 Driveshaft Assy
7 4K277 Driveshaft Slip Yoke Boot Clamp (Small)
9 4K277 Driveshaft Slip Yoke Boot Clamp (Large)
11 — Vehicles with Manual Transmission
12 — Vehicles with Automatic Transmission
13 4800 Center Bearing Assy
14 — Rubber Insulator
(Part of 4800)
15 — Center Bearing
(Part of 4800)
16 — Bearing Retainer Ring
(Part of 4800)
17 4A499 Driveshaft Center Bearing Bracket
Driveshaft — Rear, Two-Piece, XLT and Lariat Models 4x2 with 142-Inch Wheel Base
and 156- and 158-Inch Wheel Base
7 4851 Driveshaft Yoke
8 — Vehicles with Manual Transmissions
9 — Vehicles with Automatic Transmissions
11 — Rubber Insulator (Part of 4800)
12 — Center Bearing (Part of 4800)
(Part of 4800)
Driveshaft — Rear, Three-Piece

Part
Item Number Description
2 — Rubber Insulator
(Part of 4800)
3 — Center Bearing
(Part of 4800)
(Part of 4800)
12 4K185 Driveshaft Assy — Rear
13 — Vehicles with Automatic Transmission
14 — Vehicles with Manual Transmission or
Motorhome
15 4817 Driveshaft — Front
16 4851 Driveshaft Yoke
The driveshaft (4602) is a tubular shaft used to transfer torque from the engine, through the
transmission to the ring and pinion in the rear axle, which transmits the torque to the wheels.
Driveshafts differ in length, diameter and type to accommodate various wheelbase, GVW ratings
and powertrain combinations.
The driveshaft has half round end yokes with bolt and strap attachment at all front and rear axle
ends and bolt attachments at the transfer case and manual transmission outputs.
Universal Joints

1 4635 Universal joint (U-joint)
2 — Grease seal (part of 4635)
3 — 32 needle rollers
(part of 4635)
4 — Thrust washer (part of 4635)
5 — Bearing cup (part of 4635)
6 — Spider (part of 4635)
Universal joints have the following:
• A lubed-for-life design.
• Equipped with nylon thrust washers located at the base of each bearing cup, which
control end play, positions the needle bearings and improves grease movement.
• Size 1350 for E-150-350, size 1410 for E-450, and size 1480 for E-550.
Universal Joint (U-Joint) Identification Chart

Series Diameter 1 (Spider outer diameter with bearing Diameter 2 (bearing cup outer
cups fully seated) diameter)
1350 91.9 (3.62) 30.2 (1.19)
1410 106.4 (4.19) 30.2 (1.19)
1480 106.4 (4.19) 35.1 (1.38)

Driveshaft

Indexing

Runout and Balance

Driveshaft—Front
Removal
2. Index-mark the front driveshaft to the front axle flange and at the transfer case flange.
3. Remove and discard the fasteners.

1. Remove and discard the bolts.
2. Remove and discard the U-joint retainers.

4. Remove and discard the four bolts.
5. NOTE: Wrap electrical tape around the bearing cups to prevent them from falling off the
U-joint spider.
Remove the front driveshaft.
• Compress and separate the front driveshaft from the front axle, then separate the
driveshaft from the transfer case.
Installation
1. NOTE: Install the front driveshaft with the index marks aligned.
NOTE: An extension must be used to tighten the driveshaft to transfer case bolts.
Extensions change the calibration of the torque wrench. Use the torque wrench manual to
calculate the correct settings.
NOTE: Install new bolts and retainers.

Driveshaft—Rear, One-Piece, 4x2 With 137-Inch and 141-Inch Wheel Base
Removal
2. Index-mark the driveshaft (4602) at the axle flange.
3. Disconnect the driveshaft from the axle flange.

4. NOTE: Index-mark the output shaft to the slip yoke.
For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, lower the driveshaft and slide the
driveshaft rearward off the transmission output shaft.
• Plug the extension housing to prevent fluid loss.
5. NOTE: Index-mark the driveshaft to the transmission flange.

For vehicles equipped with a manual transmission, remove and discard the bolts.
6. Remove the driveshaft.
Installation
1. NOTE: Inspect the transmission and axle seals for damage. Install new components as
necessary.
NOTE: Lubricate the slip yoke spline with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or
equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-M1C75-B.
NOTE: Install the driveshaft so that the index marks made before removal are aligned or
the yellow mark on the driveshaft tube is in line with the yellow mark on the rear axle
flange.

Driveshaft—Rear, One-Piece, 4x4 With 137-, 141- and 142-Inch Wheel Base
Removal
2. Index-mark the rear driveshaft to the rear axle flange and at the transfer case flange.
3. Remove and discard the fasteners.


4. Remove and discard the four bolts.
5. NOTE: Wrap electrical tape around the bearing cups to prevent them from falling off the
U-joint spider.
Remove the rear driveshaft.
• Compress and separate the rear driveshaft from the rear axle, then separate the
driveshaft from the transfer case.
Installation
1. NOTE: Install the rear driveshaft with the index marks aligned.

Driveshaft—Rear, Two-Piece
2. Index-mark the driveshaft at the axle flange.

• Using mechanics wire, support the driveshaft.
4. NOTE: Index-mark the driveshaft to transfer case or transmission flange.
For four-wheel drive vehicles, or vehicles equipped with a manual transmission,

disconnect the driveshaft from the transfer case or transmission.
• Remove and discard the bolts.

5. For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, index-mark the output shaft to slip
yoke.
6. Remove the center bearing support bolts.
7. Remove the driveshaft assembly.

• For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, lower the driveshaft and
slide the driveshaft rearward off of the transmission output shaft.
8. Clean grease deposits, dirt and rust from the following:

• The driveshaft yoke areas.
• All driveshaft components.
• Wipe the bearing and rubber insulator of the driveshaft center bearing. Do not
immerse in solvent.
9. Inspect the following:
• The driveshaft slip yoke boot for rips or holes. Install a new boot if necessary.
• The driveshaft center bearing support for wear or rough action. If roughness or
wear is evident, install a new driveshaft center bearing support.
• The center bearing rubber insulator for evidence of hardening, cracking or
deterioration. Install a new insulator if necessary.
10. NOTE: Inspect the transmission, transfer case and axle seals for damage. Install new
components as necessary.
NOTE: Lubricate the slip yoke spline with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or
NOTE: Install the driveshaft so that the index marks made before removal are aligned or
the yellow mark on the driveshaft tube is in line with the yellow mark on the rear axle
flange.

Driveshaft—Rear, Three-Piece, F-450, F-550
Removal


Using mechanics wire, support the driveshaft.
4. Disconnect the driveshaft from the coupling shaft.

2. Remove the U-joint retainers.

Using mechanics wire, support the driveshaft.
6. Remove the rear driveshaft assembly.
7. NOTE: Index-mark the driveshaft to transmission flange (manual transmission) or output

shaft to slip yoke (automatic transmission).
For vehicles equipped with a manual transmission, remove and discard the bolts.

9. Remove the front driveshaft.
• For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, lower the driveshaft and
slide it rearward off the transmission output shaft.
immerse in solvent.

• The universal joint slip yoke boot for rips or holes. Install a new boot if necessary.
• The driveshaft center bearing support for wear or rough action. If roughness or
wear is evident, install a new driveshaft center bearing support.
Installation
1. For vehicles equipped with a manual transmission, align the index marks and connect the
front driveshaft to the transmission. Install the new bolts.
• Hand-tighten only; do not tighten at this time.
2. For vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, align the index marks and slide the
driveshaft slip yoke onto the output shaft.
3. Position the center support bearing and install the bolts.
4. Tighten the driveshaft to transmission flange bolts and the driveshaft center bearing bolts.
5. Position the rear driveshaft assembly and install the center support bearing bolts.
6. Connect the rear driveshaft assembly to the front driveshaft. Install the new retainers and
bolts.
7. Connect the rear driveshaft assembly to the rear axle. Install the new retainers and bolts.
8. Tighten the driveshaft center support bearing bolts.

Driveshaft—Rear, Three-Piece, Motorhome
Removal
3. Disconnect the driveshaft (4602) from the axle flange.

4. Disconnect the driveshaft from the coupling shaft.


6. Remove the rear driveshaft assembly.

9. Remove the front driveshaft.
immerse in solvent.

• The universal joint slip yoke boot (4421) for rips or holes. Install a new boot if
necessary.
• The driveshaft center bearing support (4800) for wear or rough action. If
roughness or wear is evident, install a new driveshaft center bearing support.
Installation
1. Connect the front driveshaft (4A376) to the transmission. Install the new bolts.
2. Position the center support bearing and install the bolts.

3. Tighten the driveshaft to parking brake drum bolts and the driveshaft center bearing bolts.
4. Position the rear driveshaft assembly and install the center support bearing bolts.
5. Connect the rear driveshaft assembly to the front driveshaft. Install the new retainers and
bolts.
6. Connect the rear driveshaft assembly to the rear axle. Install the new retainers and bolts.
7. Tighten the driveshaft center support bearing bolts.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
Center Bearing
Disassembly and Assembly
1. CAUTION: Do not clamp the driveshaft in the jaws of a vice or a similar

holding fixture.
Place the driveshaft on a suitable workbench.
2. On reverse slip driveshafts, while using a suitable flange holding tool to prevent shaft
rotation, remove the flange retaining nut.
3. On reverse slip driveshafts, remove the flange.
4. Remove the rubber insulator surrounding the bearing.

1. Remove the driveshaft center bearing retainer.
2. Remove the driveshaft center bearing bracket.
3. Remove the rubber insulator.

5. Using a suitable press, remove the bearing from the driveshaft.
6. Using a suitable press, remove the dust slinger.
7. NOTE: Clean grease deposits, dirt and rust from the stub shaft.
NOTE: Inspect the stub shaft splines for nicks, gouges, or burrs. Remove with a file or
emery cloth.
NOTE: The driveshaft center bearing bracket must be installed with the deep flange
rearward.
To assemble, reverse the diassembly procedure.
• Lubricate the stub shaft spline with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or
Universal Joint—Single Cardan
Special Tool(s)
C-Frame and Screw
205-086 (T74P-4635-C)
Disassembly
1. CAUTION: Do not clamp the driveshaft (4602) in the jaws of a vice or a

similar holding fixture.
2. Index mark the driveshaft and driveshaft components.
3. Clamp the C-Frame and Screw in a vise.

4. Remove the snap rings.
5. NOTE: If the bearing cup cannot be pressed all the way out, remove it with gripping
pliers.
Remove the driveshaft slip yoke (4841).
1. Position the driveshaft into the C-Frame and Screw.
2. Press out a bearing cup.
3. Rotate the driveshaft 180 degrees.
4. Press on the spider to remove the bearing cup from the opposite side.
5. Remove the driveshaft slip yoke.

6. Remove the remaining bearing cups and spider.
7. Clean the driveshaft yoke area at each end of the driveshaft.

• Inspect the driveshaft and driveshaft components for wear or damage.
Assembly
NOTE: Universal joint service kits are to be installed as complete assemblies only. Do not use
components from other universal joints.
1. Install a new bearing cup.

1. Start a new bearing cup into the driveshaft yoke.
2. Position a new spider in the driveshaft yoke.
3. Install the driveshaft into the C-Frame and Screw.
4. Press the bearing cup just below the snap ring groove.
2. NOTE: Use the yellow snap rings supplied in the universal kit. If difficulty is
encountered installing the yellow snap rings, install the black snap rings also supplied in
the kit.
Remove the driveshaft from the tool and install the snap ring.
3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for the opposite side of the driveshaft yoke.
4. Install a new bearing cup.
1. Position a new bearing cup in the driveshaft slip yoke.
2. Install the driveshaft into the C-Frame and Screw.
3. Press the bearing cup just below the snap ring groove.
5. NOTE: Use the yellow snap rings supplied in the universal kit. If difficulty is
encountered installing the yellow snap rings, install the black snap rings also supplied in
the kit.
Remove the driveshaft from the tool and install the snap ring.
6. Repeat Steps 4 and 5 for the opposite side.
7. NOTE: Do not strike the bearings. If binding, strike the yoke with a brass or plastic
hammer to seat the bearing cups.
Check the U-joint for freedom of movement.

Universal Joint—Double Cardan
Special Tool(s)
C-Frame and Screw
205-086 (T74P-4635-C)
Differential Bearing Cone

Remover
205-116 (T77F-4220-B1)
Step Plate
8059
Disassembly
1. CAUTION: Do not clamp the driveshaft (4602) in the jaws of a vice or a

similar holding fixture.
2. Index mark the double cardan yokes.

3. Remove the snap rings.
4. Position the C-Frame and Screw in a swivel base vise.
5. CAUTION: Do not force the tool when the U-joint bottoms out as the center
bearing shield may be damaged.
Using the C-Frame and Screw, press the driveshaft center yoke bearing cups through the
opposite side.
• Alternate the pressure between the U-joints.
6. Remove opposing bearing cups with gripping pliers.

7. Rotate the double cardan 180 degrees, and press the bearing cups through on the opposite
side.
8. Remove the bearing cups with gripping pliers.
9. Remove remaining bearing cups and spiders, and on the one-piece rear driveshaft, the
spring.
• The centering ball on the driveshaft end yoke is not serviceable. If the centering
ball is damaged, install a new driveshaft.
Assembly
1. Position the spider in the driveshaft end yoke, and position the bearing cup on the spider
trunnion.
2. Using the C-Frame and Screw, press the bearing cup until the opposite bearing cup can
be positioned on the spider trunnion.
3. NOTE: Align the index marks made during disassembly.
Position the driveshaft center yoke on the spider, and using the C-Frame and Screw, press
the bearing cups into position.
• Install the snap rings.

4. Apply Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford specification
ESA-M1C75-B.
5. On the one-piece rear driveshaft, install a new spring.
6. NOTE: Align the index marks made during disassembly.
Position the remaining spider, the centering flange yoke and the bearing cup.
7. Using the C-Frame and Screw, press the bearing cup until the opposite bearing cup can
be positioned on the spider trunnion.
8. Position the bearing cup on the spider in the centering flange yoke.
9. Press the bearing cup into position.

10. CAUTION: The final bearing cup will require centering due to spring
pressure.
NOTE: Position the jaws of the Differential Bearing Cone Remover into the driveshaft
center yoke bearing cup bores.
Use the Differential Bearing Cone Remover and Step Plate and hand tighten the
Differential Bearing Cone Remover to center the spider trunnion in the bore.
11. Install the final bearing cup.
12. NOTE: It may be necessary to tap the yokes with a soft-faced hammer to seat the bearing
cups.
Install the remaining snap rings.

13. Move the end yoke through the working angles to ensure freedom of movement.
Driveshaft Slip Yoke
Special Tool(s)
Installer, Constant Velocity
Joint Boot Clamp
205-343 (T95P-3514-A)
Installer, Keystone Clamp

211-002 (T63P-9171-A)
Disassembly
1. CAUTION: Do not clamp the driveshaft in the jaws of a vice or a similar

holding fixture.
2. Index-mark the driveshaft slip yoke and the stub shaft.
3. Remove the driveshaft slip yoke.

1. Cut and discard the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamps.
2. Separate the driveshaft slip yoke from the stub shaft.

4. Remove and discard the driveshaft slip yoke boot.
5. Check the lubricant for contamination. If the lubricant feels gritty, clean and inspect the
stub shaft and driveshaft slip yoke for wear. Install new components as necessary.
Assembly
All driveshafts
1. Fill the driveshaft slip yoke boot with approximately 10 grams (0.36 ounce) of grease.
• Use Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford specification
ESA-M1C75-B.
2. Position the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamp on the stub shaft.
3. Slide the driveshaft slip yoke boot over the stub shaft, and seat it in the boot groove.
Rear driveshafts
4. Using the special tool, install the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamp.
All driveshafts
5. Install the driveshaft slip yoke.

1. Position the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamp.
2. Pull the driveshaft slip yoke boot toward the stub shaft tube.
3. Lubricate the stub shaft splines.

Use Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford
specification ESA-M1C75-B.
4. Align the index marks, and install the driveshaft slip yoke.
5. Seat the driveshaft slip yoke boot in the boot groove.
Front driveshaft
6. Remove all excess grease from the slip yoke boot and the slip yoke.
7. Using the special tool, install both driveshaft slip yoke boot clamps. Tighten the tool until
the clamp is secure.
Rear driveshafts
8. Remove all excess grease from the slip yoke boot and the slip yoke.
9. Set the driveshaft assembled length to specification.

1. Set the driveshaft assembled length to specification.
Measure from the stub shaft weld to the U-joint centerline.
2. Bleed the air from the driveshaft slip yoke boot.
3. Position the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamp.
10. Using the special tool, install the driveshaft slip yoke boot clamp.
SECTION 205-02A:
Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Dana 80
SPECIFICATIONS
Rear Drive Axle and Differential
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Differential Case and Pinion Set Up
Differential Case End Play Check
Pinion Ring Gear Variation Number
Ring Gear and Pinion Backlash
IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
Axle Shaft
Axle Assembly
Driveshaft
Drive Pinion Flange
Drive Pinion Seal
Axle Assembly
Differential Case and Ring Gear

SECTION 205-02A: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Dana 80 Workshop Manual
Item Specification
Lubricants
SAE 75W-90 Thermally Stable Multi-Purpose Gear Lubricant XY-75W90- WSP-M2C201-A
QL
Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A EST-M2C118-A
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or -K ESA-M1C75-B
Sealants
Silicone Rubber F7AZ-19554-CA ESB-M4G92-A
Threadlock® and Sealer E0AZ-19554-AA WSK-M2G351-
A5
Axle Specifications
Approximate Capacities
Axle Model Ford Specification Liters Pint
80 WSP-M2C201-A 4.0 8.5
(Conventional and Truetrac® Differentials)
80 WSP-M2C201-A 3.8a 8.0a
(Trac-Lok®)
a
First fill the axle with 0.2365 liters (0.5 pints) of Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A
or equivalent meeting Ford specification EST-M2C118-A.
Dana Axle Adjustments

Description Specification
Maximum spread of rear axle 0.25 mm
(0.010 in)
Backlash between differential ring gear and pinion 0.13-0.20 mm
(0.005-0.008 in)
Backlash maximum variation between checkpoints 0.05 mm
(0.002 in)
Pinion bearing preload (with new bearings) 2.26-4.53 Nm
(20-40 lb-in)
Total (pinion plus differential) preload with new bearings Add 0.7-0.9 Nm
(6-8 lb-in)
Pinion shaft lock nut 637 470
Driveshaft bolts 123-149 91-110
Differential bearing cap bolts 108 80
Ring gear bolts — grade 9 298 220
Oil filler plug — 1/4-inch recess drive 27-41 20-31
Differential housing cover bolts (F350) 47 35
Differential housing cover bolts (F450-F550) 61 45
Sensor (ABS) bolt 34-47 26-35

Dana Model 80 Full-Floating Rear Drive Axle
Identification Tag
Item Description
1 Axle ratio
2 Axle assembly number (prefix letters)
3 Axle assembly number (suffix letters)
4 Dana part number
5 Included for models with limited slip differential
Dana Model 80, Full-Floating Rear Axle, Disassembled View

Part
1 N808133 Bolt
2 4234 Axle shaft
3 1001 Rear wheel gasket
4 2C190 Rear brake anti-lock sensor
5 4067 Drive pinion bearing preload shim
6 4621 Pinion bearing, outer
7 4676 Pinion seal
8 4851 Pinion flange
9 4329 Washer
10 354845 Lock nut
11 4667 Oil slinger
12 4616 Pinion bearing cup, outer
13 4010 Differential housing
14 4628 Pinion bearing cup, inner
15 4630 Pinion bearing, inner
16 4109 Drive pinion position shim
17 4209 Pinion (matched set)
18 4209 Differential ring gear (matched set)
19 — Identification tag
(part of 4002)
20 353051 Fill plug
21 4033 Differential housing cover
22 4346 Cover bolt
23 — Brake line clip
(part of 4033)
24 355765-S Bearing cap bolt
25 — Bearing cap
(part of 4010)
26 4222 Differential bearing cup
27 4K067 Outboard spacer
28 4221 Differential bearing
29 4211 Differential pinion shaft
30 4230 Differential pinion thrust washer
31 4228 Differential side gear thrust washer
32 4236 Differential side gear
33 4215 Differential pinion gear
34 4067 Differential bearing shim (preload/backlash)
35 4558 Rear axle differential ring gear bolt
36 4204 Differential case (conventional)
37 4026 Differential case Trac-Lok® (The Trac-Lok®
differential is a non-repairable unit)
38 4B409 Anti-lock speed sensor ring
39 4241 Differential pinion shaft lock pin
40 4026 Differential assembly Truetrac® (The Truetrac®
differential is a non-repairable unit)
NOTE: Unless noted, the procedures in this section apply to the conventional differential, Trac-
Lok® differential, and Truetrac® differential, though most of the illustrations used in the
procedures show the conventional differential.
The Model 80 rear axle features the following:
• a hypoid design differential ring gear and pinion with the centerline of the pinion set
below the centerline of the differential ring gear
• full floating axle shafts
• an integral-type differential housing consisting of a cast center section with two steel
tubes
• a stamped differential housing cover for F-350 DRW
• a cast aluminum differential housing cover for F-450 DRW
• a conventional differential assembly for F250
• a conventional differential assembly or a Trac-Lok® limited slip differential assembly for
F350
• a conventional differential assembly or a Truetrac® limited slip differential assembly for
F450
SECTION 205-02A: Rear Drive Axle/Differential 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550

— Dana 80 Workshop Manual

Differential Case and Pinion Set Up
Special Tool(s)
Installer, Differential Carrier
Bearing
205-D044 (D81T-4221-A) or
equivalent
Gauge, Clutch Housing

308-021 (T75L-4201-A)
Dial Indicator Gauge with

Holding Fixture
100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or
equivalent
Set, Dummy Bearing

205-D048 (D81T-4222-ER) or
equivalent
Step Plate
205-D019 (D80L-630-8) or
equivalent
Differential Case End Play Check
1. Install the outboard spacers in the side from which they were removed.
2. NOTE: Remove all nicks, burrs, dirt, etc. from the differential case hubs, to allow the
bearings to rotate freely.
Place the special tool on the differential case hubs, and position the assembly into the
differential housing.
3. NOTE: Use a dial indicator with a minimum travel capability of 5.08 mm (0.200 in).
NOTE: The rear axle uses a combination of differential bearing shims and selective
outboard spacers to control differential case end play. The old outboard spacers provide a
good starting point when setting end play. However, if additional shimming is necessary,
beyond what the hardened differential bearing shims can provide, select and install
different thickness outboard spacers.
Mount the special tools as shown. Locate the tip of the Clutch Housing Gauge on a flat
surface of one of the bolts.
4. NOTE: Repeat this step and the following step until the same reading appears on the
indicator each time. Record the reading. This is the total differential bearing shim
thickness necessary, less preload. The final calculation occurs later during assembly.
Force the differential case as far as possible toward the indicator. With force still applied,
set the indicator at 0.
5. Force the differential case as far as it will go in the opposite direction. Record the total
differential case end play reading.
6. After making sure the reading is correct, remove the special tools and the differential
from the differential housing. Do not remove the Master Bearings from the differential
case at this time.
Pinion Ring Gear Variation Number
NOTE: If so equipped, install a new pinion shaft oil slinger if bent or mutilated.
NOTE: The differential ring gear and pinion is only available in a matched set. Matching
numbers etched on both the differential ring gear and pinion are for verification. If installing a
new differential ring gear and pinion, verify these numbers match before proceeding with
assembly. The end of the pinion with the etched figures is the "button" end.
NOTE: Use the gear contact pattern method to verify the final pinion position is valid. For
1. Shim the pinion as follows:

• Etched on the button end of each pinion is a zero (0), or a plus (+) or minus (-)
with a number. This number indicates the best running position for each particular
differential ring gear. Shimming behind the inner pinion bearing controls this
dimension.
2. If reusing the old differential ring gear and pinion, measure and record the old drive
pinion position shim thickness and select a new shim of the same dimension.
• To change the pinion adjustment, shims are available in the thickness of 0.69-1.68
mm (0.027-0.066 in). Measure each shim separately with a micrometer.
3. If installing a new differential ring gear and pinion, notice the (+) or (-) etching on both
the old and new pinion, and adjust the new shim thickness to compensate for the
difference of these two figures. If so equipped, include the oil slinger thickness in the
total measurement to correctly set pinion depth.
• For example, a pinion etched with m+8 (+3) requires 0.08 mm (0.003 in) less
shimming than a pinion etched "0". This means to increase the mounting distance
by the amount etched in the pinion, subtract 0.08 mm (0.003 in) from the drive
pinion position shim selected for installation. A pinion etched m-8 (-3), requires
0.08 mm (0.003 in) more shimming than a pinion etched "0". In this instance, add
0.08 mm (0.003 in) to the drive pinion position shim selected for installation to
decrease the pinion mounting distance by the amount etched in the pinion.
New Pinion Conversion Chart (Metric)

New Pinion Marking (Metric)
Old Pinion Marking -10 -8 -5 -3 0 +3 +5 +8 +10
+10 +.20 +.18 +.15 +.13 +.10 +.08 +.05 +.03 0
+8 +.18 +.15 +.13 +.10 +.08 +.05 +.03 0 -0.3
+5 +.15 +.13 +.10 +.08 +.05 +.03 0 -.03 -.05
+3 +.13 +.10 +.08 +.05 +.03 0 -.03 -.05 -.08
0 +.10 +.08 +.05 +.03 0 -.03 -.05 -.08 -.10
-3 +.08 +.05 +.03 0 -.03 -.05 -.08 -.10 -.13
-5 +.05 +.03 0 -.03 -.05 -.08 -.10 -.13 -.15
-8 +.03 0 -.03 -.05 -.08 -.10 -.13 -.15 -.18
-10 0 -.03 -.05 -.08 -.10 -.13 -.15 -.18 -0.20
Ring Gear and Pinion Backlash
1. Install the outboard spacers in the side from which they were removed.
2. Place the differential assembly with the special tool in the differential housing.
3. Install the special tools. Locate the tip of the Clutch Housing Gauge on a flat surface of
one of the bolts.
4. NOTE: Repeat this step and the following step until the same reading appears on the
indicator each time. This is the differential bearing shim thickness necessary between the
differential case and the differential bearing on the differential ring gear side of the
differential case.
Force the differential case (differential ring gear) away from the drive pinion. With force
still applied, set the indicator at 0.
5. Force the differential ring gear into mesh with the pinion, to obtain an indicator reading.
Record the reading.
6. Remove the special tools and the differential case from the differential housing.
7. Remove the Master Bearings from the differential case.
8. Place one shim, of the necessary thickness as determined from the previous measurement,
on the differential ring gear side of the differential case. If additional shimming is
necessary, beyond what the hardened differential bearing shim can provide, select and
install a different thickness outboard spacer.
9. Using the special tool, install the differential bearing on the differential ring gear side of
the differential case.
10. Determine the correct shim thickness, and place the shim on differential case hub on the
drive pinion side.
• To determine the correct shim thickness, first subtract the reading of the previous
measurement from the total differential case end play reading obtained under
Differential Case End Play Check in this section. Then, add 0.25 mm (0.010 in) to
this amount. This is the correct thickness shim to place on the hub. If additional
shimming is necessary, beyond what the hardened differential bearing shim can
provide, select and install a different thickness outboard spacer.
11. Using the special tools, install the differential bearing.

1. Place the special tool on the differential bearing to protect it during the
installation of the opposite bearing.
2. Using the special tool, drive the differential bearing onto the hub.

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR Procedure revision date: 01/26/2000
Axle Shaft
Axle Assembly
Special Tool(s)
2 Jaw Puller
205-D026 (D80L-1002-L) or
equivalent
Alignment Adapter
205-D028 (D80T-4020-R60)
Remover, Drive Pinion Inner

Bearing
205-489
Remover, Rear Wheel Hub

Bearing Cup
205-283 (T88T-4628-A)
Installer, Drive Pinion Bearing

Cup
205-486
Puller, Bearing
205-D064 (D84L-1123-A)
Gauge, Clutch Housing
308-021 (T75L-4201-A)
Installer, Drive Pinion Flange

205-285 (T88T-4851-A)
Depth Gauge, Drive Pinion

205-S156 (T80T-4020-A)

Holding Fixture
100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or
equivalent

Holding Fixture
100-D002 (D78P-4201-B) or
equivalent
Spreader, Differential Carrier

205-001 (TOOL-4000-E) or
equivalent
Adapter for 205-S156

205-159 (T80T-4020-F42)
Depth Gauge/Aligner, Drive

Pinion
205-280 (T88T-4020-A)
Gauge Tube
205-D038 (D81T-4020-F51)
or equivalent
Handle
205-D055 (D81L-4000-A) or
equivalent
Depth Gauge/Aligner, Drive

Pinion (Handle)
205-281 (T88T-4020-B)
Slide Hammer
100-001 (T50T-100-A)

Cup
205-024 (T67P-4616-A)

205-488
Protector, Drive Pinion Thread

205-487
Remover, Bushing
307-001 (TOOL-1175-AC) or
equivalent
Draw Bar, Rear Axle
205-098 (T75T-1176-A)
Adapter for 205-S156

205-160 (T80T-4020-F43)
Seal Replacer
Tool number not available at
time of print
Material
Item Specification
SAE 75W-90 Thermally Stable
WSP-
Multi-Purpose Gear Lubricant
M2C201-A
XY-75W90-QL
Additive Friction Modifier EST-M2C118-
C8AZ-19B546-A or equivalent A
Silicone Rubber ESB-M4G92-
F7AZ-19554-CA or equivalent A
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle on a hoist or raise the rear end of the vehicle with a jack. Install safety
stands under the frame rails and lower the jack or hoist enough to allow the rear axle to
drop into the rebound position for working clearance. For additional information, refer to
Section 100-02.
2. Remove the differential housing cover and drain the lubricant from the rear axle.
• Clean the gasket material from the differential housing cover and the differential
housing.
3. NOTE: An inspection can find the cause of the concern and determine the resolution.
Carry out the following before disassembly.

• Remove all the lubricant from the internal parts of the conventional differential
assembly or Trac-Lok® differential assembly. Visually inspect the parts for wear
and damage.
• Rotate the differential assembly to check for any roughness, indicating damaged
bearings or gears.
• Remove all the lubricant and check the differential ring gear and pinion teeth for
signs of scoring, abnormal wear, nicks and chips.
• Use a magnet to search for heavy metal particles indicating component damage.
4. CAUTION: The differential ring gear and pinion must be clean and dry to
obtain an accurate reading.
NOTE: Measure the differential ring gear and pinion backlash at three equally spaced
points.
Using the special tools, measure the differential ring gear and pinion backlash.
• The backlash tolerance is 0.13-0.20 mm (0.005-0.008 in) and cannot vary more
than 0.05 mm (0.002 in) between points checked. A backlash variation of more
than 0.05 mm (0.002 in) indicates gear/case runout.
• Move the differential ring gear toward the pinion to correct high backlash.
• Move the differential ring gear away from the pinion to correct low backlash.
5. Remove the axle shafts. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02C.
6. CAUTION: Index-mark the driveshaft components to maintain driveline
balance during assembly.
Disconnect the driveshaft at the rear axle, and position it aside. For additional
7. CAUTION: Note the positions of the mating letters stamped vertically and
horizontally on the bearing caps and the differential housing before removing the
bearing caps. Matching the letters is important at the time of assembly.
To ease removal of the differential assembly, loosen the bolts, then pry the differential
case, bearing cups and outboard spacers outward until they are loose in the differential
housing.
8. Remove the bolts and the bearing caps.
9. CAUTION: Do not spread the differential housing more than specified.
Using the special tools, spread the differential housing to the specification, then remove
the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture.
10. CAUTION: It will be necessary to use large pry bars to remove the differential
assembly from the differential housing. Do not damage the differential ring rear
when carrying out this step.
CAUTION: Mark or tag the differential bearing cups, indicating from which
side they were removed.
Remove the differential assembly with the bearing cups.
• Remove the special tool after removing the differential assembly.

• Inspect the differential bearing cups for deep scores, galling and spalling. Discard
them if necessary.
11. CAUTION: Mark or tag the outboard spacer(s) indicating from which side
they were removed.
Remove the outboard spacer(s).
• Inspect the spacer(s) for nicks, bending and grooved conditions. Discard them if
necessary.
12. CAUTION: Index-mark the pinion flange (4851) to the pinion shaft prior to
removal.
Use a suitable tool to prevent the flange from turning, and remove the lock nut and
washer.
13. Using the special tool, remove the pinion flange.
14. NOTE: There are drive pinion bearing preload shims on the spline-end of the pinion.
These shims can stick to the pinion, the pinion bearing or they can fall out of the
differential housing. Collect and keep the shims for reassembly.
Using a soft faced hammer and the special tool, tap the pinion out of the pinion bearing
cup and remove it through the rear of the differential housing.
15. Using the special tools, remove and discard the pinion seal.
16. Remove the oil slinger and the pinion bearing.
17. CAUTION: Do not nick the differential housing bore.
Using the special tools, remove the outer pinion bearing cup.
18. Using the special tools, remove the inner pinion bearing cup.
19. The oil slinger, if so equipped, is part of the total drive pinion position shim height
required to correctly set pinion depth. Keep the oil slinger intact for assembly.
20. Using the special tools, remove the inner pinion bearing.
21. NOTE: Discard the drive pinion position shim if bent or nicked. If discarding the shim,
measure and record the shim thickness.
Remove the oil slinger, if so equipped, and the drive pinion position shim.
22. Carry out the following after disassembling the axle:

• Thoroughly clean all parts.
• Inspect all parts for damage and wear.
• CAUTION: Do not disassemble the Trac-Lok® differential assembly or

the Truetrac® differential assembly. Discard the entire assembly if
worn/damaged.
Clean the inside of the differential case before assembly. For Truetrac®
differentials, submerge the entire differential assembly in a suitable solvent to
wash away contaminates from within the housing.
Thoroughly clean the differential housing if gears have scores/chips in

them.
Installation
1. Carry out the Differential Case End Play Check in the General Procedures portion of this
section.
2. Position the special tools and the inner and outer pinion bearing cups in their respective
differential housing bores.
1. After placing the inner and outer pinion bearing cups in their bores, place the
special tool (inner) on the inner pinion bearing cup.
2. Place the special tool (outer) on the outer pinion bearing cup.
3. Tighten the special tool to seat the pinion bearing cups into their bores.
4. CAUTION: Always install new pinion bearings when installing new bearing
cups.
NOTE: If the feeler gauge can fit between a cup and the bottom of its bore at any point
around the cup, remove and reseat the cup.
Check that the cups have seated correctly in their bores.
5. CAUTION: If any of the gauge surfaces have nicks in them, remove the high
spots with a medium India oilstone to prevent erroneous readings.
NOTE: Apply only a light oil film on the pinion bearings before assembling the tools.
Assemble and position the following in the differential housing.
1. Position the screw (adapter for 205-S156).
2. Position the Alignment Adapter.
3. Position the inner pinion bearing.
4. Position the Drive Pinion Depth Gauge/Aligner.
5. Position the Gauge Block (adapter for 205-S156).
6. Position the outer pinion bearing.
7. Thread on the Drive Pinion Depth Gauge/Aligner (Handle).

6. NOTE: This step simulates pinion bearing preload.
Using a Nm (inch-pound) torque wrench, tighten the Handle to the specification.

1 205-160 Screw (Adapter for 205-S156)
2 205-D028 Alignment Adapter
3 4630 Rear (inner) pinion bearing
4 205-280 Drive Pinion Depth Gauge/Aligner
5 205-159 Gauge Block (Adapter for 205-S156)
6 4621 Front (outer) pinion bearing
7 205-281 Drive Pinion Depth Gauge/Aligner (Handle)
7. NOTE: Offset the Gauge Block to obtain an accurate reading.
Rotate the Gauge Block several half-turns to make sure the pinion bearings are correctly
seated and position the Gauge Block.
1. Position the special tool.
2. Install the bearing caps.
3. Install the four bolts.
9. NOTE: Use a feeler gauge or flat, clean drive pinion position shims as a measuring
device.
NOTE: Do not attempt to force the gauge or shim between the Gauge Block and the
Gauge Tube. A slight drag indicates a correct selection.
Using a feeler gauge or flat, clean drive pinion position shims, measure between the
Gauge Block and the Gauge Tube. Record the measurement. Refer to Pinion Ring Gear
Variation Number in this section for shim selection information.
• Remove the special tools after making the correct shim selection.
10. CAUTION: Follow the drive pinion bearing preload shim and drive pinion
position shim assembly sequence as directed or unit failure can result.
Install the correct thickness drive pinion position shim, and the oil slinger, if so equipped,
on the pinion.
11. NOTE: Always use the same new inner pinion bearing installed when taking the
measurement for drive pinion position shim selection.
Using the special tool, an axle bearing/seal plate, and a suitable press, install the pinion
bearing.
12. NOTE: Use the thickness of the old drive pinion bearing preload shims as a starting
point for setting pinion bearing preload.
Inspect the drive pinion bearing preload shims for damage. Discard them if necessary.
New shims are available in the thickness shown in the following chart.
Available Drive Pinion Bearing Preload Shims

mm Inches
0.36 0.014
0.38 0.015
0.41 0.016
0.46 0.018
0.51 0.020
0.53 0.021
0.56 0.022
0.58 0.023
0.76 0.030
13. Assemble the drive pinion bearing preload shims onto the pinion and install the pinion
into the differential housing.
14. Install the outer pinion bearing.
15. Using the special tool, install the pinion flange.
16. Install the old washer and the lock nut.
17. Using a Nm (inch-pound) torque wrench, rotate the pinion. The torque must read as
specified.
• To increase the preload, remove drive pinion bearing preload shims. To decrease
the preload, add shims.
18. If the pinion bearing preload is within specification, and the pinion position shim has
changed, change the drive pinion bearing preload shims by the same amount.
• The direction arrow pointing toward the pinion flange indicates that by removing
the drive pinion position shim, the distance from the centerline of the tubes to the
pinion backface increases, giving a plus (+) reading. The drive pinion bearing
preload shim pack does not affect the pinion depth setting. However, if the pinion
position is changed, the pinion preload will change and may require adjustment to
bring the torque-to-rotate within specification. Arrows on the ring gear illustrate
the method to increase or decrease backlash and differential bearing preload.
19. With the drive pinion at the correct preload as determined earlier in this procedure,
remove and discard the lock nut and the washer.
20. Using the special tool, remove the pinion flange.
21. Coat the pinion seal rubber lips with lubricant.
22. Using the special tool, install the pinion seal.

• After installation, verify that the garter spring did not pop out of the seal. If the
garter spring popped out, install a new pinion seal.
23. Coat the inside of the pinion flange with a small amount of lubricant.
25. CAUTION: Always install a new washer and lock nut.
Install the new washer and lock nut.

26. Carry out the Ring Gear and Pinion Backlash procedure in the General Procedures
portion of this section.
27. Assemble the differential bearing cups to the differential bearings.
28. CAUTION: Do not spread the differential housing more than specified.
CAUTION: Avoid nicking the ring gear teeth and the anti-lock speed sensor
ring during assembly.
Using the special tools, spread the differential housing to the specification.
• Use a rawhide hammer to seat the differential into the differential housing pocket.
Remove the special tools.
29. CAUTION: Match the mating letters as noted during disassembly.
Install the bearing caps, aligning the letters with those on the differential housing.
Tighten the bolts to specification.
30. Using the special tools, measure the differential ring gear and pinion backlash at three
equally spaced points.
• The backlash tolerance is 0.13-0.203 mm (0.005-0.008 in) and cannot vary more
than 0.05 mm (0.002 in) between points checked. A backlash variation of more
than 0.05 mm (0.002 in) indicates gear/case runout.
• Move the differential ring gear toward the pinion to correct high backlash.
• Move the differential ring gear away from the pinion to correct low backlash.
• Moving a specified amount of differential bearing shims from one side of the
differential to the other makes these corrections.
31. Confirm the total preload.

• Using a Nm (inch-pound) torque wrench, check the torque to rotate the pinion.
The reading must be higher than the initial reading (taken without the differential
case installed) by the amount shown, with new bearings installed as
recommended.
• If the total preload is too high, remove an equal amount of differential bearing
shims from each differential case hub. If the total preload is too low, add an equal
amount of differential bearing shims to each differential case hub.
32. Carry out the Tooth Contact Pattern Check to verify the final pinion position is correct.
33. Install the axle shafts. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02C.
34. CAUTION: Clean both flat surfaces (differential housing and differential
housing cover) with a suitable solvent to remove all traces of oil film.
CAUTION: Install the differential housing cover within 15 minutes of applying

the silicone, or it will be necessary to remove and reapply new sealant.
NOTE: The differential housing cover requires a silicone rubber sealer material, rather
than a gasket.
Apply a continuous bead of sealant of the specified thickness to the differential housing
cover.
35. Place two bolts into the differential housing cover at the 8 o'clock and 2 o'clock positions.
Install the differential housing cover.
• Use the two bolts to position the differential housing cover on the differential
housing.
36. Install the remaining bolts. Tighten the bolts alternately and evenly.
• Allow 1-hour cure time before filling the axle with the correct amount of
specified lubricant.
37. NOTE: Align the index marks made during removal.
Connect the driveshaft to the rear axle. For additional information, refer to Section 205-
01.
38. CAUTION: For Trac-Lok® axles, first fill the axle with 0.2365 liters (0.5 pints)
of Additive Friction Modifier.
Fill the axle with the specified type and amount of lubricant. For additional information,
refer to Specifications in this section.
Driveshaft

Drive Pinion Flange

1. For additional information, refer to Drive Pinion Seal in this section.

Drive Pinion Seal
Special Tool(s)
2 Jaw Puller
205-D026 (D80L-1002-L) or
equivalent
Installer, Drive Pinion Flange
205-285 (T88T-4851-A)
Slide Hammer
100-001 (T50T-100-A)
Pinion Oil Seal Replacer

Tool number not available at
time of print
Remover, Bushing
307-001 (TOOL-1175-AC) or
equivalent
Material
Item Specification
SAE 75W-90 Thermally Stable
WSP-
Multi-Purpose Gear Lubricant
M2C201-A
XY-75W90-QL
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle on a hoist or raise the rear end of the vehicle with a jack. Install safety
stands under the frame rails and lower the jack or hoist far enough to allow the rear axle
to drop into the rebound position for working clearance.
2. NOTE: To maintain driveline balance, mark the driveshaft components so they can be
reinstalled in their original positions.
Disconnect the driveshaft at the rear axle, and position it aside. For additional
3. NOTE: Index-mark the flange (end yoke for Motorhome) to the pinion shaft.
While using a suitable tool to prevent the flange or yoke from turning, remove the pinion
nut.
4. Using the 2 Jaw Puller, remove the flange or yoke.
5. Using the Bushing Remover and the Slide Hammer, remove the pinion seal.
6. Clean the rear axle pinion seal seat.
Installation
1. CAUTION: Installation without the correct tool can result in early seal failure.
If the pinion seal becomes cocked during installation, remove and install a new one.
Make sure the garter spring remains in place during assembly. If the spring is
dislodged, a new pinion seal must be installed.
NOTE: Drive the pinion seal into the housing, using the Pinion Oil Seal Replacer.
NOTE: The pinion flange or end yoke must never be hammered on or installed with
power tools.
NOTE: Install the flange or yoke using the Drive Pinion Flange Installer.
• Coat the pinion seal (rubber lips) with lubricant.

Axle Assembly
Special Tool(s)
Wheel Dolly
014–00030 or Equivalent
Removal
1. Set the parking brake.
2. Chock the front wheels.
3. Loosen, but do not remove, the rear wheel lug nuts.

4. Raise and support the rear of the vehicle high enough so that it will clear the axle
assembly when removing it.
5. Remove the rear wheels using the Wheel Dolly.
6. Release the parking brake cable tension, and disconnect the cables at the equalizer and
the anchor plate; for additional information, refer to Section 206-05.
7. Remove the frame anchors, and position the parking brake cables aside.
8. Disconnect the rear anti-lock brake sensor electrical connector. Release the harness clips
and position the harness aside.
9. NOTE: To maintain driveline balance, mark the driveshaft components so they can be
reinstalled in their original positions.
Disconnect the driveshaft, and position it aside; for additional information, refer to
Section 205-01.
10. Disconnect the sway bar at the sway links.
11. Disconnect the shock absorbers at the axle.
12. Disconnect the hydraulic brake hose and axle vent hose at the crossmember. Plug the
brake hose and brake line, and position the hoses aside.
13. CAUTION: The nose of the axle will drop downward when loosening the U-
bolts. Make sure to support the axle nose as well as the rear of the housing with the
jack.
Support the axle with a suitable floor jack.
14. Remove the U-bolt nuts, the spring seat caps and the U-bolts.
15. WARNING: Watch for obstructions while lowering and removing the axle.
Carefully lower the axle and remove it.
Installation

• Refer to Section 204-02 for the shock absorber, the sway bar and the U-bolt
torque specifications.
• Refer to Section 204-04 for the wheel lug nut torque specifications.
2. Bleed the brakes; for additional information, refer to Section 206-00.
3. Make sure the axle lubricant level is proper; refer to Specifications in this section.
Special Tool(s)
Puller, Drive
Pinion/Differential Carrier
205-D036 (D81L-4220-A) or
equivalent
Material
Item Specification
Premium Long Life Grease
ESA-M1C75-B
XG-1-C or equivalent
Threadlock and Sealer
WSK-M2G351-A5
E0AZ-19554-AA
Disassembly
All differentials
1. NOTE: Differential bearing shims are available in thicknesses of 0.762, 0.787, 0.813,
0.838, 0.864, 0.889 and 0.914 mm (0.030, 0.031, 0.032, 0.033, 0.034, 0.035 and 0.036
in).
NOTE: If damaged, install new differential bearing shims.
NOTE: Install new differential bearings if removing them from the differential case.
Using the special tool, remove the differential bearings.
• Wire the differential bearing shims, differential bearing cup, differential bearing,
and selective outboard spacer(s) together. Note from which side they were
removed (differential ring gear side or the opposite side).
2. NOTE: Use a vise with brass jaws or wood blocks.
Place the differential case in a vise.
3. CAUTION: Do not damage the anti-lock speed sensor ring when removing the
differential ring gear. If removing the anti-lock speed sensor ring, discard it and
install a new one.
NOTE: Always install new bolts upon assembly. Use Grade 9 bolts for all Dana rear
axles.
Remove the bolts. Leave four bolts loosely assembled, 90 degrees apart.
4. Tap each bolt head alternately with a rawhide or plastic hammer to loosen the differential
ring gear. Remove the bolts and the differential ring gear.
5. If necessary, remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring with a soft-faced hammer. Discard
the anti-lock speed sensor ring.
6. The Truetrac® and Trac-Lok® differential assemblies are non-repairable. Discard the
entire assembly if it is worn/damaged. For conventional differential assemblies, proceed
as follows.
Conventional differential
7. NOTE: Use a vise with brass jaws or wood blocks.
8. Using a small drift, drive out the differential pinion shaft lock pin.
9. Using a drift, remove the differential pinion shaft.
10. To remove the differential side gears and the differential pinion gears, rotate the
differential side gears. The differential pinion gears will turn to the opening in the
differential case.
11. Remove the differential pinion gears and the differential pinion thrust washers behind the
differential pinion gears.
12. Lift out the differential side gears and the differential side gear thrust washers.
Assembly
Conventional differential
1. NOTE: For Truetrac® and Trac-Lok® differential assemblies proceed to All
differentials in this procedure.
NOTE: Use a vise with brass jaws or wood blocks.
2. Lubricate the new differential side gear thrust washers, the thrust face of the new
differential side gears, the new differential pinion thrust washers, and the new differential
pinion gears with grease.
3. NOTE: The best way to assemble the differential side gears and the differential pinion
gears is to lubricate all parts with the specified rear axle lubricant.
Lubricate and assemble both differential side gears and differential side gear thrust
washers. Hold them in place. Then, lubricate and assemble the differential pinion gears
and the differential pinion gear thrust washers to hold the differential side gears in place.
4. NOTE: Rotate the differential side gears until the holes of the differential pinion gear
thrust washers and the differential pinion gears line up with the holes of the differential
case. If the differential pinion gears will not rotate by hand, install one of the axle shafts
into the spline of the differential side gear and use a pipe wrench to turn the axle shaft.
Using a drift, line up the holes with those of the differential case.
5. Assemble the differential pinion shaft and drive on the differential pinion shaft to remove
the drift. Align the lock pin hole in the differential pinion shaft with the lock pin hole in
6. Assemble the differential pinion shaft lock pin. Peen the metal of the differential case
over the differential pinion shaft lock pin in two places, 180 degrees apart, to lock it in
place. Note the location of the slot in the differential pinion shaft lock pin and peen it 90
degrees apart.
All differentials
7. NOTE: Align the tab on the anti-lock speed sensor ring with the slot in the differential
case.
NOTE: Apply Threadlock® and Sealer to the new bolts.
Align the tab in the anti-lock speed sensor ring with the slot in the differential case. Start
the two bolts through the differential case flange and into the differential ring gear to
make sure the differential case and the differential ring gear bolt hole align.
8. Press the anti-lock speed sensor ring on the differential case. The differential case flange
acts as a pilot for the anti-lock speed sensor ring.
9. NOTE: Apply Threadlock® and Sealer to the new bolt threads.
Draw up the Grade 9 bolts alternately and evenly.

10. Install the differential bearings. For additional information, refer to Differential Case and
Pinion Set Up in this section.
SECTION 205-02B:
Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Dana S135
SPECIFICATIONS
IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
Axle Shaft
Driveshaft
Drive Pinion Flange
Pinion Seal
Drive Pinion
Differential Carrier
Axle Assembly
Drive Pinion
SECTION 205-02B: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Dana S135 Workshop Manual
Item Specification
Lubricants/Adhesive/Sealants
Ford Gasket Maker F8AZ-19B508-AB WSK-M2G348-A5
Threadlock 262 E2FZ-19554-B WSK-M2G351-A6
Motorcraft SAE 75W-140 Synthetic XY-75W140-QL WSL-M2C192-A
Capacity
Rear axle lubricant 11.6 liters (24.5 pints)1
Clearance, Tolerance and Adjustments
Differential ring gear rivet pressure 41-45 Metric Tons
(45-50 Tons)
Pinion bearing preload2 1.1298-4.5192 Nm
(10-40 lb-in)
Differential ring gear to pinion backlash3 0.15-0.30 mm
(0.06-0.012 inch)
1
The lubricant capacity will vary depending upon the housing mounting angle. The capacity
given is for an angle of 4 degrees. A lubricant level close enough to the bottom of the fill hole to
be seen or touched is not sufficient. The lubricant must be level with the fill hole.
2
Establish the pinion bearing preload prior to pinion seal installation.
3
The acceptable backlash tolerance is ± 0.0508 mm (0.002 inch) from the backlash etched in the
differential ring gear. The tooth contact pattern can move only by adjusting backlash. The tooth
contact pattern can move only in the direction of heel-to-toe, and toe-to-heel. Depth of the tooth
contact pattern is not adjustable. Contact Spicer Service at 1-800-666-8688 for assistance if you
are unable to establish an acceptable tooth contact pattern within the limits of backlash.
Adjusting ring lock bolt 37 25
Carrier mounting bolt 136-163 101-121
Differential bearing cap bolt 169 125
Differential case bolt 149 110
Drain plug 47-61 35-45
Fill plug 47-61 35-45
Pinion hex nut 1085 800
SECTION 205-02B: Rear Drive Axle/Differential 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
— Dana S135 Workshop Manual

Dana Model S135 Full-Floating Rear Drive Axle
Identification Tags
Item Description
1 Carrier identification tag
2 Dana part number (complete assembly number)
3 Customer part number (optional)
4 Julian date code
5 Line set number (optional)
6 Axle ratio
7 Last six digits of the vehicle serial number (optional)
8 Axle assembly identification tag
9 Model
Gear Set Identification
Item Description
1 Trademark
2 Match set number
3 Manufacturing date
4 Heat code
5 Part number
6 Tooth combination
• The trademark shows the company logo, and identifies the location of the manufacturing
facility.
• CAUTION: Never mate a differential ring gear and pinion together that does
not have the same matched set numbers. Always install a new matched set if
discarding either the differential ring gear or the pinion.
A corresponding number marked on the differential ring gear and pinion identifies them
as a matched set.
• The manufacturer's date identifies the gear set's date of fabrication.

• The tooth combination identifies the number of teeth on the pinion and the number of
teeth on the differential ring gear. A tooth combination of 41-11, for example, would
indicate that the pinion has 11 teeth and the ring gear has 41 teeth that results in a 3.73:1
ratio.
Dana Model S135 Full-Floating Rear Axle, Disassembled View

Part
1 4234 Axle shaft
2 4N292 Fill plug
3 4022 Breather
4 4010 Differential housing
5 4N282 Drain plug
6 4067 Differential bearing adjusting ring
7 4222 Differential side bearing cup
8 4221 Differential side bearing cone
9 4216 Differential case bolt
10 4204 Differential case half (conventional
differential)
11 4228 Thrust washer (conventional differential)
12 4237 Differential side gear (conventional
differential)
13 4230 Thrust washer (conventional differential)
14 — Differential pinion mate
(conventional differential) (part of 4237)
15 4211 Differential cross shaft (conventional
differential)
16 4558 Differential ring gear rivet
17 4209 Differential ring gear (matched set)
19 — Differential bearing cup bolt (part of 4141)
20 — Washer (part of 4141)
21 — Differential bearing cap
(part of 4141)
22 — Adjusting ring lock bolt
(part of 4141)
23 4143 Adjusting ring lock
24 4209 Pinion (matched set)
25 4621 Pinion bearing cone, inner
26 — Pinion bearing cup, inner
27 4141 Carrier housing
28 4616 Carrier mounting bolt
29 4537 Pinion preload spacer (selective)
30 4628 Pinion bearing cup, outer
31 4630 Pinion bearing cone, inner
32 4676 Pinion seal
34 4320 Pinion hex nut
35 4026 Differential assembly (Truetrac®)
NOTE: Unless noted, the procedures in this section apply to both the conventional differential
and the Truetrac® differential, though most of the illustrations used in the procedures show the
conventional differential.
The Model S135 rear axle features the following:
• a hypoid design differential ring gear and pinion

• a two-bearing overhung pinion mounting
• full-floating axle shafts
• an HLSA steel differential housing
• a front mounted removable one-piece carrier housing
• a conventional differential assembly or a Truetrac® limited slip differential assembly


Axle Shaft

Driveshaft

Drive Pinion Flange

1. Refer to Drive Pinion, Disassembly and Assembly in this section.
Pinion Seal

Drive Pinion

Differential Carrier
Removal
WARNING: Do not use heat when disassembling a drive axle. To do so will destroy
heat treat properties and weaken or distort axle components. Failure to follow these
instructions may result in personal injury.
1. CAUTION: Steam clean the axle prior to removal from the vehicle. Dirt is
abrasive and will cause premature wear of otherwise usable parts.
Steam clean the axle assembly.

3. Chock the wheels.
4. Drain the axle lubricant into a suitable container.

1. Remove the drain plug.
2. Clean and install the drain plug when the lubricant has drained.
5. Disconnect the rear anti-lock brake sensor electrical connector.

6. Index-mark and disconnect the driveshaft, and position it aside. For additional
7. Loosen the pinion hex nut if drive pinion disassembly is necessary.
8. WARNING: Do not strike the axle shaft flange directly with a steel hammer or
sledge. This will crack and splinter the flange. Failure to follow these instructions
may result in personal injury.
CAUTION: Do not pry or chisel the axle shaft flange away from the hub. This
will damage the sealing surface.
NOTE: Mark the left or right axle shaft flange for proper orientation during installation.
Remove the axle shafts. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02C.
9. Remove all but the two top carrier-to-axle housing retaining bolts, noting the length and
position of each bolt.
10. WARNING: Secure the carrier to the jack to prevent it from falling when
removing it from the axle housing. Failure to follow these instructions may result in
personal injury.
Remove the carrier from the axle housing.
1. Position a suitable jack under the carrier.
2. Remove the remaining retaining bolts.
3. Use the slots to separate the carrier approximately 25.4-50.8 mm (1-2 inches)
from the axle housing.
4. Secure the carrier to a suitable jack, and remove the carrier from the axle housing.
11. CAUTION: Alkaline cleaning solutions will damage machine surfaces. Use
only emulsion cleaners or petroleum based cleaning solvent.
CAUTION: Use only soft, clean, lintless towels to dry the components.
CAUTION: After drying, lightly coat the parts with rust inhibitor or clean
lubricant to prevent damage from corrosion. Wrap all parts that are going to be in
storage for a prolonged period in wax paper.
Clean and dry the components as necessary.
12. NOTE: The gear set shown removed for clarity.
Inspect the gear set for pitting, scoring, wear and damage.
13. Inspect the splines for wear, cracking and distortion from twisting.
14. Inspect the axle flange O-ring.
15. Clean the axle housing interior, the axle and carrier housing sealing surfaces, and the
carrier mounting bolt hole threads. Inspect the housing for stripped and damaged threads
and bending fatigue.
16. If carrier disassembly is necessary, refer to Differential Case and Ring Gear in this
section.
Installation
1. CAUTION: The gasket material must cure for one hour before filling the axle
with lubricant.
Apply a continuous bead of Ford Gasket Maker F8AZ-19B508-AB or equivalent meeting
Ford specification WSK-M2G348-A5 onto the axle housing mounting flange and around
each bolt hole.
2. Thread two studs into the axle housing 180 degrees apart. This will eliminate rotation of
the carrier assembly after it makes contact with the gasket material.
3. WARNING: Secure the carrier to the jack to prevent it from falling. Failure to
follow these instructions may result in personal injury.
Position the carrier into the axle housing.
4. CAUTION: Make sure the bolt threads are clean.

Apply Threadlock 262 E2FZ-19554-B or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSK-
M2G351-A6 to the bolt threads, and install the bolts.
• Remove the two alignment studs only after installing several of the bolts.
• Tighten the bolts in a cross pattern.
5. Install the axle shafts. For additional information, refer to Section 205-02C.
6. Connect the driveshaft. For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
7. Connect the rear anti-lock brake sensor electrical connector.

8. Remove the fill plug.
9. CAUTION: A lubricant level close enough to the bottom of the fill hole to be
seen or touched is not sufficient. The lubricant must be level with the fill hole.
Fill the axle with Motorcraft SAE 80W-90 Premium Rear Axle Lubricant XY-80W90-
QL or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSP-M2C197-A until the lubricant is level
with the fill hole.
10. Clean and install the fill plug.

11. Remove the wheel chocks.
12. Release the parking brake.

Axle Assembly
Special Tool(s)
Wheel Dolly
014-00030 or Equivalent
Removal
2. Chock the front wheels.
3. Loosen, but do not remove, the rear wheel lug nuts.

4. Raise and support the rear of the vehicle high enough so that it will clear the axle
assembly when removing it.
5. Remove the rear wheels using the Wheel Dolly.
6. Release the parking brake cable tension, and disconnect the cables at the equalizer and
the anchor plate; refer to Section 206-05.
7. Remove the frame anchors, and position the parking brake cables aside.
8. Disconnect the rear anti-lock brake sensor electrical connector. Release the harness clips
and position the harness aside.
9. Index and disconnect the driveshaft, and position it aside; refer to Section 205-01.
10. Disconnect the sway bar at the sway links.
11. Disconnect the shock absorbers at the axle.
12. Disconnect the hydraulic brake hose and axle vent hose at the crossmember. Plug the
brake hose and brake line, and position the hoses aside.
13. Support the axle with a suitable floor jack.

14. NOTE: Mark the front of each spring seat cap for proper orientation during installation.
Remove the U-bolt nuts, the spring seat caps and the U-bolts.
15. WARNING: Watch for obstructions while lowering and removing the axle.
Carefully lower the axle and remove it.
Installation

• Refer to Section 204-02 for the shock absorber, the sway bar and the U-bolt
torque specifications.
• Refer to Section 204-04 for the wheel lug nut torque specifications.
2. Bleed the brakes; refer to Section 206-00.

3. Make sure the axle lubricant level is proper; refer to Specifications in this section.
Special Tool(s)
Puller, Bearing
205-D064 (D84L-1123-A) or
equivalent
Lifting Sling (1" x 5')

100-D008 (D87L-1000-A) or
equivalent
Material
Item Specification
Threadlock 262
WSK-M2G351-A6
E2FZ-19554-B
Disassembly
1. Mount the carrier housing in a suitable repair stand.
2. CAUTION: If reusing the differential ring gear and pinion, measure and
record the backlash before disassembly. Assembling the differential ring gear and
pinion to the recorded backlash will match the established wear patterns. Hand
rolled patterns will cover less area than the established patterns.
Measure and record the differential ring gear and pinion backlash.
• Check the backlash in four equally spaced positions around the differential ring
gear.
• The tooth contact pattern can move only by adjusting backlash. The tooth contact
pattern can move only in the direction of heel-to-toe, and toe-to-heel. Depth of the
tooth contact pattern is not adjustable. Contact Spicer Service at 1-800-666-8688
for assistance if you are unable to establish an acceptable tooth contact pattern
within the limits of backlash.
3. Remove the rear anti-lock brake sensor.
4. Remove the adjusting ring locks.

5. Loosen, but do not remove, the four bolts.
6. Relieve the bearing preload.

• Loosen each differential bearing adjusting ring.
7. NOTE: The differential bearing caps are match marked at the factory.
Remove the bolts, bearing caps and adjusting rings.
8. CAUTION: Do not damage the differential ring gear and pinion.
Using the special tool, carefully lift the differential subassembly out of the carrier.
9. Using the special tool, and a suitable puller, remove the differential side bearings if worn
or damaged.
10. The Truetrac® differential assembly is non-repairable. Discard the entire assembly if it is
worn or damaged.
11. On the conventional differential assembly, separate the differential case halves.
1. Match mark the case halves.
3. Separate the case halves.

12. On the conventional differential assembly, remove the gear assembly.
1. Remove the thrust washer and differential side gear.
2. Remove the differential cross shaft with the pinion mates and the thrust washers.
3. Remove the differential side gear and thrust washer.
13. CAUTION: Do not use a chisel to remove the rivet heads. This will damage the
differential case.
CAUTION: Use a soft hammer to strike the punch.
If discarding the pinion or differential ring gear, carefully center punch each differential
ring gear rivet.
14. Drill the rivet heads to the depth shown using the specified size drill bit.
15. Separate the differential ring gear from the case.

1. CAUTION: Use a soft hammer to strike the punch.
Drive out the remaining rivet portions with a rounded type punch.
2. Separate the differential ring gear from the case.
3. CAUTION: Discard the anti-lock speed sensor ring if separating it from

the case half.
If necessary, remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring and discard it.
CAUTION: Use soft, clean, lintless towels to dry the components.
CAUTION: Never spin-dry bearings with compressed air. This will damage the
mating surfaces due to a lack of lubrication.
NOTE: For Truetrac® differentials, submerge the entire differential assembly in a

suitable solvent to wash away contaminants from within the housing.
Clean and dry the components.
17. Inspect the bearing surfaces for pitting, wear and overheating.

• the differential case machine surfaces.
• the differential ring gear mounting holes for deformities, such as egg shaping.
• all surfaces for nicks and cracks.
19. Inspect the thrust washers for scoring and cracking.
20. CAUTION: Discard all gears in sets if one or more sustains wear or damage.
Inspect the gears for pitting, scoring, wear and damage.
21. Inspect the shafts for nicks and scores.

22. Refer to Drive Pinion in this section if disassembly is necessary.
Assembly
1. Assemble the differential ring gear and, if removed, a new anti-lock speed sensor ring to
1. Align the tab on the sensor ring with the notch in the case flange.
2. Bolt the differential ring gear to the case in three places, 120 degrees apart.
2. NOTE: Proceed to the next step of this procedure if not installing a new anti-lock speed
sensor ring.
Press the anti-lock speed sensor ring on the case flange.

3. CAUTION: Compress the rivet before removing the bolts from the differential
ring gear and case to prevent differential ring gear runout.
Install each rivet, using a suitable hydraulic or mechanical press and riveting fixture and
applying the force specified.
4. CAUTION: Place the differential side bearing cups on the differential side
bearings after pressing the bearings on the case. This will prevent bearing damage
during the remaining assembly process.
Press the differential side bearings on the differential case halves, and place the bearing
cups on the bearings.
5. NOTE: Lightly lubricate all of the mating surfaces with clean axle lubricant. This will
aid in assembly and provide initial lubrication.
On the conventional differential, install the gear assembly.
1. Position the thrust washer and the differential side gear into the case half.
2. Position the differential cross shaft with the pinion mates and the thrust washers
into the case half.
3. Position the differential side gear and thrust washer on the differential pinion
mates.
6. CAUTION: Align the match marks.
On the conventional differential, assemble the differential case halves.
7. CAUTION: Do not damage the differential ring gear and pinion.
Using the special tool, carefully position the differential subassembly into the carrier.
8. CAUTION: The bearing cups must seat on the differential side bearings.
CAUTION: Align the match marks.
Install the differential bearing caps.

1. Position the bearing cap onto the leg.
2. CAUTION: The bolt threads must be clean.
Apply Threadlock 262 to the bolt threads, and install the bolts.
Tighten the bolts enough to eliminate visible space between the bearing
cap and leg. Do not tighten the bolts to the appropriate torque at this time.
9. CAUTION: Align the differential assembly within the bearing bores before
applying preload or damage to the bearings will result.
Install the differential bearing adjusting rings.
• Tighten both adjusting rings until there is zero end play, and some backlash
between the differential ring gear and pinion. Make sure the adjusting ring tooth
aligns so that installation of the adjusting ring lock is possible.
10. Set the backlash at zero.

• NOTE: The adjusting ring tooth must always align so that installation of the
adjusting ring lock is possible.
Loosen the adjusting ring on the tooth side of the differential ring gear one tooth,
and tighten the opposite adjusting ring one tooth. Repeat this process until
backlash is at zero.
11. Set the backlash and the bearing preload to specifications.
• With a new matched set installed, set the backlash to the specification etched in
the differential ring gear.
• With the original matched set installed, set the backlash to the specification
recorded prior to disassembly.
• NOTE: The adjusting ring tooth must always align so that installation of the
adjusting ring lock is possible.
Tighten the adjusting ring on the tooth side of the differential ring gear until
backlash is within specifications.
12. Check the differential ring gear and pinion backlash in four equally spaced positions
around the differential ring gear.
• The acceptable backlash tolerance is ± 0.0508 mm (0.002 inch) from the backlash
etched in the differential ring gear.
• If the backlash tolerance varies more than 0.080 mm (0.003 inch) between the
four positions, remove the differential and determine the cause.
13. Tighten the bolts.
• Check the differential ring gear and pinion backlash, as described in the previous
step, after tightening the bolts.
14. Install the adjusting ring locks.
15. Install the rear anti-lock brake sensor.

16. Install the carrier. For additional information, refer toDifferential Carrier in this section.
Drive Pinion
Special Tool(s)
Installer, Drive Pinion Oil Seal
205-S438
Installer, Yoke
205-S434
Remover, Yoke
205-433
Material
Item Specification
Stud and Bearing Mount
WSK-M2G349-A1
E0AZ-19554-BA
Disassembly
1. Remove the hex nut.

2. CAUTION: Hammering on the pinion flange will close in the bearing bores
and misalign the flange lugs. This will result in premature failure of the journal
needle bearings. Serious damage will also occur internally to the differential ring
gear and pinion set or pinion bearings by hammering on external parts. Remove
and install the pinion flange using only the procedures in this section.
Using the special tool, remove the pinion flange.
3. Remove the pinion seal.
4. CAUTION: Position a block of wood under the pinion to avoid damage to the
gear teeth.
NOTE: The outer bearing is press fit.

Press the pinion through the outer pinion bearing, and remove the pinion.
5. Remove the pinion preload spacer.

• Measure and record the spacer thickness. Set the spacer aside for use in assembly.
6. If reusing the gear set, remove the inner pinion bearing with a suitable puller.
7. If new pinion bearings are being installed, remove the outer and inner pinion bearing
cups.
CAUTION: Use soft, clean, lintless towels to dry the components.
CAUTION: Never spin-dry bearings with compressed air. This will damage the
mating surfaces due to a lack of lubrication.
Clean and dry the components as necessary.
9. Inspect the pinion flange for grooves in the sealing surface caused by contamination.
• If grooves are detectable with a fingernail, repair the flange with a CR approved
sleeve or install a new flange.
Assembly
Initial Assembly
1. Press the inner pinion bearing onto the pinion.

2. Press the inner and outer pinion bearing cups into the carrier until seated.
• Use a 0.0381-mm (0.0015-inch) feeler gauge to verify the bearing cups have
completely seated in the bearing bores.
• Lubricate the bearing cups and cone.
3. Seat the outer pinion bearing on the pinion.

1. Seat the inner pinion bearing into the cup by positioning a 152.4 x 152.4 x 152.4-
mm (6 x 6 x 6-inch) block of wood under the pinion.
2. Place the original pinion preload spacer onto the pinion.
3. Place the outer pinion bearing onto the pinion.
4. Using a suitable press, seat the outer bearing on the pinion.

4. NOTE: Do not install the pinion seal at this time.
Using the special tool, install the pinion flange.
5. Install the hex nut.

• Using a suitable torque multiplier, tighten the hex nut.
Measuring pinion bearing preload torque
6. Measure the torque to rotate.

• Take torque measurements every fourth revolution.
• Proceed to Pinion bearing preload adjustment in this procedure if the bearing
preload torque is not within the specifications. Proceed to Final assembly in this
procedure if the bearing preload torque is within the specifications.
Pinion bearing preload adjustment
7. NOTE: Also refer to the following illustration.
Adjust the pinion bearing preload by installing a new pinion bearing preload spacer.
• To increase the preload, install a thinner spacer. To decrease the preload, install a
thicker spacer.
• The pinion bearing preload spacers are available in sizes from 7.26 to 8.00 mm
(0.286 to 0.315 inch).
• Always measure the new spacer before installing it.
• On a flat surface, sand the next thicker size spacer with emery cloth to the
required thickness to obtain a closer adjustment. Thoroughly wash the spacer to
remove the emery cuttings before installation.
• A 0.0254 mm (0.001 inch) change in the spacer thickness will change the torque
rate approximately 3.3894 Nm (30 lb-in).
• Repeat Measuring pinion bearing preload torque and Pinion bearing preload
adjustment in this procedure until the rotational torque is within specifications.
Final assembly
8. Using a suitable torque multiplier, remove the hex nut.
9. CAUTION: Hammering on the pinion flange will close in the bearing bores
and misalign the flange lugs. This will result in premature failure of the journal
needle bearings. Serious damage will also occur internally to the differential ring
gear and pinion or pinion bearings by hammering on external parts. Remove and
install the pinion flange using only the procedures in this section.
Using the special tool, remove the pinion flange.
10. Using the special tool, install the pinion seal.

• A rotational torque of 1.6947-5.0841 Nm (15-45 lb-in) is acceptable with the
pinion seal installed.
12. Apply Stud and Bearing Mount to the pinion threads, and install a new hex nut. Using a
suitable torque multiplier, tighten the nut.
13. Assemble the carrier. For additional information, refer to Differential Case and Ring Gear
in this section.
SECTION 205-02C:
Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full Floating Axle — Dana
SPECIFICATIONS
Wheel Hubs and Bearings
Axle Shaft
Hub
Bearings, Cups and Seals

SECTION 205-02C: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Full Floating Axle — Dana Workshop Manual
Procedure revision date:
SPECIFICATIONS
01/26/2000
Item Specification
Lubricant
Description Nm Lb-Ft
Rear hub nut 95 70
(To set bearings, back off the hub nut 90 degrees, retighten.) 24a 18
Axle shaft bolts 133 98
Rear hub bolts 89-119 66-88
a
Maximum torque to rotate the hub is 2.3 Nm (20 lb-in) when the end play is zero.
01/26/2000

F-350

1 4234 Axle shaft
2 — O-ring (part of 4234)
3 1124 Hub nut
4 1240 Outer rear wheel bearing
5 1239 Rear wheel bearing outer cup
6 1109 Rear hub and rotor assembly
7 1243 Rear wheel bearing inner cup
8 1244 Inner rear wheel bearing
9 1175 Rear hub seal
F-450 and F-550

1 4A140 Axle shaft bolt
2 1001 Rear axle shaft gasket
3 1012 Wheel nut
4 2C026 Brake disc
5 1244 Inner rear wheel bearing
6 1175 Hub seal
7 1109 Rear hub (includes bearing cups)
8 1240 Outer rear wheel bearing
9 1A124 Hub nut
10 4234 Axle shaft
The rear hub (1109) is supported or floats on the axle spindle on two opposing tapered roller
bearings. A rear hub seal is installed behind the inner rear wheel bearing to prevent rear axle
lubricant from leaking onto the rotor. The rear hub is retained on the spindle by a ratcheting hub
nut tabbed to a slot on the spindle.
The rear wheel bearings are packed with a lithium base grease, Premium Long-Life Grease XG-
1-C or equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-M1C75-B, to provide initial lubrication until
axle lubricant flows into the rear hubs and the inner rear wheel bearings during vehicle operation.
SECTION 205-02C: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Floating Axle — Dana Workshop Manual
01/26/2000
SECTION 205-02C: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Floating Axle — Dana Workshop Manual
01/26/2000
Axle Shaft
Removal
2. Remove the axle shaft bolts.

• Place a drain pan under the rear hub.
3. Remove the axle shaft (4234).

4. Inspect the following components:
• The O-ring for damage. Replace as necessary.
• The axle shaft for cracked material around the holes or oversized holes. Replace
as necessary.
Installation
1. NOTE: Lubricate the O-ring with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent
meeting Ford specification ESA-M1C75-B.
Follow the removal procedure in reverse order.

01/26/2000
Hub
Special Tool(s)
Socket, Wheel Hub Nut (F-350
only)
205-282 (T88T-4252-A)
Removal
All vehicles
1. Remove the tire and wheel assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
2. Remove the anchor plate. For additional information, refer to Section 206-04.
3. Remove the axle shaft (4234). For additional information, refer to Axle Shaft in this
section.
F-350
4. NOTE: Make sure that the drive tangs on the special tool engage the four slots of the hub
nut.
Using the special tool, remove the hub nut (1124).
F-450 and F-550
5. Using a suitable socket, remove the hub nut (1A124).

All vehicles
6. Remove the outer rear wheel bearing (1240).
7. Remove the rear hub and brake disc assembly.
8. Remove the bolts and separate the rear hub (1109) from the rear brake disc (2C026).
9. Inspect the rear hub for the following:

• Cracks and damage around the bolt holes.
• Oversized holes.
Installation
1. WARNING: Install a new rear hub seal (1175) after removing the rear hub
from the axle. A damaged or worn seal can permit bearing lubricant to reach the
brake linings, resulting in ineffective brake operation. Failure to follow these
instructions may result in personal injury.
CAUTION: Clean and remove any dirt or foreign material in the rear hub bolt
holes.
Install a new rear hub seal. For additional information, refer to Bearings, Cups and Seals
in this section.
2. Position the rear brake disc on the rear hub and install the bolts.
3. CAUTION: Thoroughly clean the spindle. Wrap the spindle threads with
electrician's tape to prevent damage while installing the rear hub and brake disc
assembly.
CAUTION: Lightly coat the spindle and pack each rear wheel bearing with
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-
M1C75-B.
Prepare the spindle for rear hub installation.
4. Slide the rear hub and brake disc assembly over the axle housing spindle.
• Remove the electrician's tape.
5. Install the outer rear wheel bearing.

6. Start the hub nut making sure that the tab aligns correctly in the keyway prior to thread
engagement.
7. NOTE: The following hub nut tightening sequence will prevent side-to-side end play of
the hub and brake disc assembly.
NOTE: Apply inward pressure to the socket to separate the ratcheting components of the
hub nut.
To adjust the bearings, tighten the nut to specification.
8. Back off the nut 90 degrees.
9. Tighten the nut to specification.

• To verify that there is no side-to-side end play, attach a magnetically mounted dial
indicator to the spindle end and place the dial indicator tip on the outboard surface
of the hub. Check for side-to-side end play.
• Final bearing adjustment has zero end play. The maximum torque to rotate the
hub is 2.3 Nm (20 lb-in) when end play is zero.
10. Install the axle shaft (4234). For additional information, refer to Axle Shaft in this
section.
11. Install the anchor plate. For additional information, refer to Section 206-04.
12. Install the tire and wheel assembly. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
01/26/2000
Special Tool(s)
Adapter for 303-224 (Handle)
205-153 (T80T-4000-W)
Drawbar, Rear Axle

205-098 (T75T-1176-A) (Dana
80)
Installer, Wheel Hub Inner

Bearing Cup
205-442 (Dana S135)
Installer, Wheel Hub Outer

Bearing Cup
205-444 (Dana S135)
Installer, Wheel Hub Inner Oil

Seal
205-445 (Dana S135)
Installer, Rear Wheel Hub
Bearing Cup
205-278 (T88T-1175-C) (Dana
80)
Remover, Wheel Hub Inner

Bearing Cup
205-441 (Dana S135)
Remover, Wheel Hub Outer

Bearing Cup
205-443 (Dana S135)

Bearing Cup
205-275 (T88T-1175-A) (Dana
80)

Bearing Cup
205-277 (T88T-1175-B) (Dana
80)
Removal
1. Remove the rear hub and brake disc assembly. For additional information, refer to Hub in
this section.
2. Remove the rear hub seal (1175) and the inner rear wheel bearing (1244). Discard the
rear hub seal.
3. If not done previously, remove the bolts and separate the rear hub (1109) from the brake
disc.
4. Clean all the old grease and axle lubricant out of the rear hub.
5. Remove the inner and outer bearing cups.

1. For model 80, use special tools 205-277 and 205-153 to remove the inner bearing
cup. For model S135, use special tools 205-441 and 205-151 to remove the inner
bearing cup.
2. For model 80, use special tools 205-275 and 205-153 to remove the outer bearing
cup. For model S135, use special tools 205-443 and 205-153 to remove the outer
bearing cup.
6. Clean the following components:

• The rear axle housing spindle
• All the old grease and axle lubricant from the rear hub
• The rear wheel bearings and cups
7. Inspect the bearing races and rollers for pitting, galling or erratic wear patterns. Check the
rollers for end wear. Discard the bearings, is necessary.
1. A typical new bearing roller
2. A worn bearing roller

Installation
Model 80
1. Using the special tools 205-098 and 205-278, install the inner and outer bearing cups.
• Check if a 0.038-mm (0.0015-inch) feeler gauge can be inserted between the cups
and the rear hub at any point around each cup. Reseat the bearing cups, if
necessary.
Model S135
2. Install the inner and outer bearing cups.

1. Use special tools 205-442 and 205-153 to install the inner bearing cups.
2. Use special tools 205-444 and 205-153 to install the outer bearing cups.
• Check if a 0.038-mm (0.0015-inch) feeler gauge can be inserted between the cups
and the rear hub at any point around each cup. Reseat the bearing cups, if
necessary.
All axles
3. Install the inner rear wheel bearing in the rear hub.
4. Install a new rear hub seal.

• For model 80, use a suitable seal installer.
• For model S135, use special tools 205-445 and 205-153.
5. Position the rear brake disc on the rear hub and install the bolts.
6. Install the rear hub and brake disc assembly. For additional information, refer to Hub in
this section.
SECTION 205-02D:
Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Ford 10.50-Inch Ring Gear
SPECIFICATIONS
Description
IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
Axle Shaft
Drive Pinion Flange
Pinion Seal
Differential Housing Cover
Drive Pinion
Differential Case
Axle Assembly
Differential Case and Ring Gear—One Piece, Conventional
Differential Case and Ring Gear—Two-Piece, Conventional
Differential Case and Ring Gear—One-Piece, Traction-Lok
Differential Case and Ring Gear—Two-Piece, Traction-Lok

SECTION 205-02D: Rear Drive Axle/Differential — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Ford 10.50-Inch Ring Gear Workshop Manual
SPECIFICATIONS
01/26/2000
Item Specification
Lubricants and Sealants
SAE 75W-140 Synthetic Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B WSL-M2C192-A
Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A EST-M2C118-A
Clear Silicone Rubber D6AZ-19562-AA ESB-M4G92-A
Threadlock and Sealer E0AZ-19554-AA WSK-M2G351-A5
Backlash Specifications
Backlash Between Ring Gear and Pinion Teeth 0.203-0.381 (0.008-0.015) maximum
0.305-0.381 (0.012-0.015) preferred
Ring Gear Maximum Backlash Variation Between Teeth 0.102 (0.004)
Rotational Torque Ranges

Pinion bearing preload (used pinion bearing) 0.9-1.5Nm (8-14 lb-in)
Pinion bearing preload (new pinion bearing) 1.8-3.3Nm (16-29 lb-in)
Driver handle 2.2Nm (20 lb-in)
Initial minimum breakaway torque (Traction-Lok®) 27Nm (20lb-ft)
Clearance Specifications
Differential Case Maximum Runout 0.076 (0.003)
Pinion Flange Maximum Radial Runout in Assembly 0.305 (0.012 T.I.R.)
RABS Sensor Air Gap 0.127-1.143 (0.005-0.045)
Description Nm lb-ft lb-in
Differential bearing cap bolt 119 88 —
Differential pinion shaft lock bolt 30 23 —
Oil filler plug 20-40 15-30 —
Rear axle housing vent 11-24 8-18 —
Rear brake hose 15-20 12-15 —
Axle housing cover bolts 38-52 29-39 —
Rear spring plate nuts 251 186 —
Ring gear bolts 136-163 101-120 —
Shock absorber bolts 63 47 —
Traction-Lok® clutch gauge nut 6.7 — 60
Brake junction block retainer nut 18 14 —
2-piece differential case half retaining bolts 122 90 —
01/26/2000

Ford 10.50-Inch Axle, Single Rear Wheel
Ford 10.50-Inch Axle, Dual Rear Wheel
Rear Axle — 10.50-Inch Ring Gear, Traction-Lok®

1 — Rear axle identification tag (Part of 4001)
2 4346 Differential housing cover bolt
4 4241 Differential pinion shaft lock bolt
5 391973-S1300 Differential case bolt
11 4067 Differential bearing shim
14 4216 Ring gear bolt
15 4204 Differential case
17 4209 Ring gear and pinion
18 4663 Drive pinion bearing adjustment shim
19 — Bearing cap and bolt
(part of 4010)
20 4630 Pinion bearing— (inner)
21 4628 Inner axle pinion bearing cup
22 9E731 RABS sensor
23 4616 Outer pinion bearing cup
24 4662 Collapsible spacer
25 4621 Pinion bearing (outer)
26 4670 Rear axle drive pinion shaft oil slinger
27 4676 Rear axle drive pinion seal
29 389546-S100 Pinion nut
30 1244 Rear wheel bearing inner cone and roller
31 1177 Wheel bearing oil seal
32 1107 Lug bolt
33 4234 Axle shaft
34 N811648-S100 Axle shaft nut
35 1012 Lug nut
36 2C026 Rear disc brake rotor
37 1109 Rear hub
38 390258-S Gasket
39 1240 Bearing
40 1A034 Hub and bearing cup
41 1113 Rear brake hub and drum (DRW only)
42 4947 Differential clutch pack
43 4A324 Rear axle differential clutch shim
44 4214 Differential clutch spring
45 390943-S100 Filler plug
46 4010 Rear axle housing
47 2209 Brake adapter plate
Rear Axle — 10.50-Inch Ring Gear, Conventional

1 — Rear axle identification tag (Part of 4001)
2 4346 Differential housing cover bolt
4 4241 Differential pinion shaft lock bolt
5 391973-S1300 Differential case bolt
11 4067 Differential bearing shim
14 4216 Ring gear bolt
15 4204 Differential case
17 4209 Ring gear and pinion
18 4663 Drive pinion bearing adjustment shim
19 — Bearing cap and bolt
(part of 4010)
20 4630 Pinion bearing— (inner)
21 4628 Inner axle pinion bearing cup
22 9E731 RABS sensor
23 4616 Outer pinion bearing cup
24 4662 Collapsible spacer
25 4621 Pinion bearing (outer)
26 4670 Rear axle drive pinion shaft oil slinger
27 4676 Rear axle drive pinion seal
29 389546-S100 Pinion nut
30 1244 Rear wheel bearing inner cone and roller
31 1177 Wheel bearing oil seal
32 1107 Lug bolt
33 4234 Axle shaft
34 N811648-S100 Axle shaft nut
35 1012 Lug nut
36 2C026 Rear disc brake rotor
37 1109 Rear hub
38 390258-S Gasket
39 1240 Bearing
40 1A034 Hub and bearing cup
41 1113 Rear brake hub and drum (DRW only)
42 390943-S100 Filler plug
43 4010 Rear axle housing
44 2209 Brake adapter plate
Description
The Ford 10.50-inch rear axle assembly is an integral type housing, hypoid gear design with the
centerline of the ring gear set below the pinion centerline.
The hypoid ring gear and pinion consists of a 10.50-inch diameter ring gear and an overhung
drive pinion. The pinion is positioned by selected pinion shims and supported by two opposed
tapered roller bearings. Pinion bearing preload is adjusted by the pinion nut and a collapsible
spacer.
The rear axle housing consists of a cast center section with two steel tubes and a stamped steel
rear cover. The differential housing cover uses a silicone sealant as a gasket.
The differential case is a one or two-piece design depending upon the application. The
differential pinion shaft in the one-piece differential case design (2-pinion) is retained with a
threaded bolt. The two-piece differential case 3-pinion spider is retained by the case halves
which are bolted together.
The rear axle drive pinion receives its power from the engine through the transmission and
driveshaft. The drive pinion rotates the differential case through engagement with the ring gear,
which is bolted to the case outer flange.
Inside the 2-piece differential case, three differential pinion gears are mounted on a three-post
shaft. Inside the 1-piece differential case, two differential pinion gears are mounted on a straight
shaft. These differential pinion gears are engaged with the differential side gears to which the
axle shafts are splined. Therefore, as the differential case turns, it rotates the axle shafts and rear
wheels. When it is necessary for one wheel and axle shaft to rotate faster than the other, the
faster turning differential side gear causes the differential pinion gears to roll on the slower
turning differential side gear to allow differential action between the two axle shafts.
The 10.50-inch rear axle uses SAE 75W-140 Synthetic Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B or
equivalent meeting Ford specification WSL-M2C192-A.
01/26/2000

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
01/26/2000
Axle Shaft
For additional information, refer to Section 205-02E.
IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
01/26/2000
Drive Pinion Flange
Special Tool(s)
2-Jaw Puller
205-D026 (D80L-1002-L) or
Equivalent
Companion Flange Replacer

205-233 (T85T-4851-AH)
Flange Holder
205-012 (T57T-4851-B)
Removal
1. NOTE: The rear wheels and brake calipers must be removed to prevent brake drag
during drive pinion bearing preload adjustment.
Remove the rear brake calipers. For additional information, refer to Section 206-04.
2. Remove the driveshaft (4602). For additional information, refer to Section 205-01.
3. Install a Nm (inch-pound) torque wrench on the pinion nut, and record the rotational
torque required to maintain rotation of the pinion through several revolutions.
4. CAUTION: After removal of the pinion nut, discard it. A new nut must be
used for installation.
Use the Flange Holder to hold the pinion flange while removing the pinion nut.
5. Mark the pinion flange in relation to the drive pinion stem to ensure proper alignment
during installation.
6. Use the 2-Jaw Puller to remove the pinion flange.

Installation
1. Lubricate the pinion flange splines.

• Use SAE 75W-140 High Performance Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B or
equivalent meeting Ford specification WSL-M2C192-A.
2. NOTE: Disregard the scribe marks if a new pinion flange is being installed.
Align the pinion flange with the drive pinion shaft.
3. With the pinion flange in place in the rear axle housing (4010), install the pinion flange
using the Companion Flange Replacer.
4. Position the new pinion nut.

5. CAUTION: Under no circumstances is the pinion nut to be backed off to
reduce preload. If reduced preload is required, a new collapsible spacer and pinion
nut must be installed.
Use the Flange Holder to hold the pinion flange while tightening the pinion nut.
• Tighten the pinion nut, rotating the pinion occasionally to make sure the cone and
roller bearings are seating properly. Take frequent cone and roller bearing torque
preload readings until the original recorded preload reading is obtained by
rotating the pinion with a Nm (inch-pound) torque wrench.
• If the original recorded preload is lower than specifications, tighten to the
appropriate specification for used bearings. If the preload is higher than
specification, tighten the nut to the original reading as recorded. Refer to Torque
Specifications in this section.

7. Install the brake calipers. For additional information, refer to Section 206-04.

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
01/26/2000
Pinion Seal
Special Tool(s)
Pinion Seal Replacer
205-208 (T83T-4676-A)
Removal
1. Remove the pinion flange. For additional information, refer to Drive Pinion Flange in this
section.
2. Force up on the metal flange of the rear axle drive pinion seal (4676). Install gripping
pliers to the seal flange and strike with a hammer until the rear axle drive pinion seal is
removed.
Installation
1. Lubricate the new pinion seal.
ESA-M1C75-B.
2. CAUTION: If the rear axle drive pinion seal becomes misaligned during
installation, remove the rear axle drive pinion seal and replace it with a new seal.
Use the Pinion Seal Replacer to install the rear axle drive pinion seal.
3. Install the pinion flange. For additional information, refer to Drive Pinion Flange in this
section.

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
01/26/2000
Removal
2. Remove the differential housing cover (4033).

1. Remove the 12 differential housing cover bolts, and drain the lubricant from the
rear axle housing (4010).
2. Remove the differential housing cover.

Installation
1. CAUTION: Make sure the machined surfaces on both the rear axle housing
and the differential housing cover are clean and free of oil before applying the new
silicone sealant. The inside of the rear axle (4001) must be covered when cleaning
the machined surface to prevent contamination.
Clean the gasket mating surface of the rear axle and the differential housing cover.
2. Apply a new, continuous bead of sealant to the differential housing cover.

• Use Clear Silicone Rubber D6AZ-19562-AA or equivalent meeting Ford
specifications ESB-M4G92-A.
3. NOTE: The differential housing cover must be installed within 15 minutes of application
of the silicone, or new sealant must be applied. If possible, allow 1 hour before filling
with lubricant to ensure the silicone sealant has properly cured.
Install the differential housing cover and tighten the differential housing cover bolts.
4. NOTE: Service refill capacities are determined by filling the rear axle with the specified
lubricant to the specified level below the bottom of the filler hole.
Fill the rear axle with specified lubricant, and install the filler plug.
• For Traction-Lok® axles, first fill the rear axle with 236.5 ml (8 ounces) of
specified Ford Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A or equivalent meeting
Ford specification EST-M2C118-A.

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
01/26/2000
Removal
2. Remove the differential housing cover (4033).

1. Remove the 12 differential housing cover bolts, and drain the lubricant from the
rear axle housing (4010).
Installation
and the differential housing cover are clean and free of oil before applying the new
silicone sealant. The inside of the rear axle (4001) must be covered when cleaning
the machined surface to prevent contamination.

specifications ESB-M4G92-A.
3. NOTE: The differential housing cover must be installed within 15 minutes of application
of the silicone, or new sealant must be applied. If possible, allow 1 hour before filling
with lubricant to ensure the silicone sealant has properly cured.
Install the differential housing cover and tighten the differential housing cover bolts.
4. NOTE: Service refill capacities are determined by filling the rear axle with the specified
lubricant to the specified level below the bottom of the filler hole.
Fill the rear axle with specified lubricant, and install the filler plug.
• For Traction-Lok® axles, first fill the rear axle with 236.5 ml (8 ounces) of
specified Ford Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A or equivalent meeting
Ford specification EST-M2C118-A.

IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
02/14/2003
Differential Case
Special Tool(s)
Bearing
205-D044 (D81T-4221-A) or
equivalent
Remover, Differential Carrier

Bearing
205-S419 (Forcing Screw)

Holding Fixture
100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or
equivalent
Installer, Differential Shim

205-228 (T85T-4067-AH)
Collets, Differential Carrier

Bearing
205-430 (Part of 205-S419)
Retaining Ring, Differential

Carrier Bearing
205-431 (Part of 205-S419)
Step Plate, Differential Carrier
Bearing
205-432 (Part of 205-S419)
Removal

1. Remove the 12 differential housing cover bolts and drain the lubricant from the
rear axle housing.
3. Remove the axle shafts. For additional information, refer to Axle Shaft in this section.
4. Wipe the lubricant from the internal working parts, and visually inspect the parts for wear
or damage.
5. Rotate the differential case to see if there is any roughness which would indicate
damaged bearings or gears.
6. NOTE: There is a space between the anti-lock speed sensor ring and the ring gear for
measuring ring gear backface runout.
Positioning the special tool, inspect ring gear backlash and ring gear backface runout.
7. CAUTION: Mark the position of the bearing caps, as arrows may not be
visible. The bearing caps must be installed in their identical locations and positions.
Loosen the differential case.
1. Remove the bearing cap bolts.
2. Remove the bearing caps.
8. To simplify the installation, fabricate two differential case retaining straps from metal
stock as shown.
9. WARNING: Be careful not to allow the differential case to fall.

CAUTION: Place a wood block between the pry bar and the rear axle housing
to protect the machined surface from damage.
Use the pry bar and the wood block to remove the differential case from the rear axle
housing.
10. Remove the ring gear bolts.
11. CAUTION: Care should be taken not to damage the ring bolt hole threads.
NOTE: The anti-lock speed sensor ring cannot be reused once removed.
Insert a punch in the bolt holes. Drive off the ring gear and, if necessary, the anti-lock
speed sensor ring.
12. Install the differential case without the ring gear.
1. Position the differential case assembly, including bearing clips and shims, in the
housing.
2. Install the differential bearing caps.
3. Install the differential bearing cap bolts.
13. NOTE: Rotate the differential case to make sure the differential bearings are properly
seated.
NOTE: If runout is within specification, install a new ring gear and pinion. If runout
exceeds specification, the ring gear is true and the concern is due to either a damaged
differential case or differential bearings. Inspect the differential bearings. If the
differential bearings are not damaged, replace both the differential case and the
differential bearings.
Measure the differential case runout by rotating the differential case.
14. Remove the differential case from the rear axle housing, and prepare to remove the
differential bearings.
1. Position the Step Plate.
2. Position the Carrier Bearing Remover (Forcing Screw) and the Remover and
Replacer Tube.
3. Position the Side Carrier Bearing Collets.

15. Position the special tool.
16. Using two wrenches, remove the differential bearing.

• Repeat the procedure for the other differential bearing.
17. Using the special tool, install the new differential bearings on the differential case.
18. Measure the differential case runout without the ring gear.
• Check the case runout again with the new differential bearings. If the runout is
now within the specification shown, use the new differential bearings for
assembly. If the runout is still excessive, the differential case is damaged and
must be replaced.
Installation
All vehicles
1. Press the ring gear and, if removed, a new anti-lock speed sensor on the differential case.
2. Install the ring gear bolts.

• Apply Stud and Bearing Mount E0AZ-19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford
specification WSK-M2G349-A1 to the ring gear bolts.
3. With the pinion depth set and the pinion installed, place the differential case in the rear
axle housing.
• Install a shim on the left side as shown in the illustration.
4. CAUTION: The bearing caps must be installed in their original locations and
positions.
NOTE: Apply pressure toward the left side to make sure the left bearing is seated.
Install the left bearing cap, and loosely install the bearing cap bolts.
5. Install progressively larger shims on the right side until the largest shim selected can be
assembled by hand.
6. Install the right side bearing cap, and tighten the bolts.
7. Rotate the differential case to make sure it rotates freely.
Measuring backlash
8. Using the special tool, measure ring gear backlash.

• If the backlash is within specification, go to Backlash within specification in this
procedure. The specification shown is the full allowable range. For the preferred
range, refer to Specifications in this section.
• If a zero backlash condition occurs, go to Zero backlash in this procedure.
• If the backlash is not within specification, go to Backlash not within specification
in this procedure.
Zero backlash
9. If a zero backlash condition occurs, add a 0.50 mm (0.020 inch) shim to the RH side and
subtract 0.50 mm (0.020 inch) from the LH side to allow backlash indication. Check
backlash. Repeat Step 8.
Backlash Change Required Thickness Change Required

mm Inch mm Inch
0.025 0.001 0.050 0.002
0.050 0.002 0.050 0.002
0.076 0.003 0.101 0.004
0.101 0.004 0.152 0.006
0.127 0.005 0.152 0.006
0.152 0.006 0.203 0.008
0.177 0.007 0.254 0.010
0.203 0.008 0.254 0.010
0.228 0.009 0.304 0.012
0.254 0.010 0.355 0.014
0.279 0.011 0.355 0.014
0.304 0.012 0.406 0.016
0.330 0.013 0.457 0.018
0.335 0.014 0.457 0.018
0.381 0.015 0.508 0.020
10.
Backlash not within specification
10. To increase or decrease backlash, remove the bearing caps, and install a thicker shim and
a thinner shim as shown.
• If backlash is not within specification, correct by increasing the thickness of one
differential bearing shim and decreasing the thickness on the other differential
bearing shim by the same amount.
11. Install the bearing caps and bearing cap bolts.
12. Rotate the differential several times to make sure the differential bearings are properly
seated.
13. Using the special tool, recheck the backlash.

• If backlash is within specification, go to Backlash within specification in this
procedure. If not, repeat Step 8.
• The specification shown is the full allowable range. For the preferred range, refer
to Specifications in this section.
Backlash within specification
14. Remove the bearing caps and bolts.

• To establish differential bearing preload, increase both left and right shim sizes by
the specification shown in the illustration.
• Using the special tool, ensure the differential bearing shims are fully seated and
the assembly turns freely.
15. Install the bearing caps and bearing cap bolts.
16. Using the special tool, verify the backlash.

• The specification shown is the full allowable range. For the preferred range, refer
to Specifications in this section.
• For further adjustments, refer to Section 205-00.
17. Install the axle shafts; for additional information, refer to Axle Shaft in this section.
and the differential housing are clean and free of oil before applying the new silicone
sealant. The inside of the rear axle must be covered when cleaning the machined
surface to prevent contamination.
Specifications ESB-M4G92-A.
01/26/2000
Axle Assembly
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle on a hoist. For additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
2. Remove the wheels and tires. For additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
4. Disconnect the rear anti-lock brake sensor.
5. NOTE: Make sure the parking brake control is fully released.
Release the tension on the parking brake system.
1. Have an assistant pull the front parking brake cable and conduit to its full range.
2. Insert a suitable retainer.

6. Disconnect the parking brake cable at the parking brake lever.
7. Remove the vent hose at the brake hose junction block.
8. Remove the brake hose junction block from the rear axle housing and let it hang.
9. Remove the brake lines from the rear axle housing but not from the disc brake calipers
and let the tubing hang.
10. Remove the disc brake calipers from the rear disc brake rotors and wire them aside. Refer
to Section 206-04.
11. WARNING: Strap the axle securely to the jack.
Use a suitable transmission jack to support the axle.
12. Remove the lower shock absorber nuts and bolts.
13. NOTE: Once the rear spring plate nuts and bolts are removed, they must be replaced.
Remove the rear spring plate U-bolts and nuts.

14. Lower the axle from the vehicle.
Installation

• Install the brake calipers. For additional information, refer to Section 206-04.
01/26/2000
Differential Case and Ring Gear—One Piece, Conventional
Special Tool(s)
Bearing
205-D044 (D81T-4221-A) or
equivalent
Disassembly
1. Remove the differential case. For additional information, refer to Differential Case in this
section.
3. Insert a punch in the bolt holes and drive the ring gear off.
4. NOTE: The anti-lock speed sensor ring cannot be reused once removed.
Remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring.
5. If required, remove the differential bearings. For additional information, refer to

Differential Case in this section.
6. Remove the differential pinion shaft lock bolt and the differential pinion shaft.
7. Rotate and remove the differential pinion gears and differential pinion thrust washers.
8. Remove the differential side gears and the differential side gear thrust washers.
Assembly
1. Position the differential side gear thrust washers on the differential side gears.
ESA-M1C75-B to lubricate the differential side gear thrust washers and the
differential side gear journals.
2. Position the differential side gears.
3. Assemble the differential pinion thrust washers and the differential pinion gears.
• Lubricate with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford
4. Engage the differential pinion gears opposite the differential side gears.
5. Rotate the differential pinion gears to align the differential pinion shaft bore.
6. CAUTION: If a new pinion shaft lock bolt is not available, use Stud and
Bearing Mount E0AZ-19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSK-
M2G349-A1 and tighten to specification.
Insert the differential pinion shaft, and install a new differential pinion shaft lock bolt.
7. Using the special tool, install the differential bearings.
8. Press the new anti-lock speed sensor ring and the ring gear on the differential case.
9. Install the ring gear bolts and tighten.

• Apply Stud and Bearing Mount E0AZ-19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford
10. Install the differential case. For additional information, refer to Differential Case in this
section.

01/26/2000
Differential Case and Ring Gear—Two-Piece, Conventional
Special Tool(s)
Holding Fixture, Drive Pinion
Flange
205-126 (T78P-4851-A)
Preload Gauge, Differential

Clutch
205-447
Disassembly
1. Remove the differential case (4204). For additional information, refer to Differential
Case in this section.
3. Insert a punch in the bolt holes and drive off the ring gear.
4. CAUTION: The anti-lock speed sensor ring cannot be reused once removed.
NOTE: Remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring only if required.
Remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring.
5. Position the special tool in a vise.
6. Position the differential case on the special tool.

7. Index mark the differential case halves.
8. NOTE: Attach the special tool with a bolt and nut.
Install the special tool on the differential case as shown and loosen the differential case
bolts.
9. Remove the differential case bolts.

10. Remove the right differential case half and differential side gear (4236).
11. Remove the differential pinion shaft (4211) and differential pinion gears (4215).
12. Remove the left differential side gear and the differential side gear thrust washers (4228).
Assembly
1. Position left differential case half (ring gear side) on the special tool.
2. Lubricate the differential side gears and the differential side gear thrust washers with
Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford specification ESA-
M1C75-B.
3. Lubricate the differential pinion gears, pinion gear thrust washers and the differential
pinion shaft with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford
4. Install the left differential side gear.

5. Install the differential pinion shaft and the differential pinion gears.
6. Position the right differential case half with the index marks aligned.
7. Position the differential case retaining bolts.

8. NOTE: Use the special tool as shown to keep the differential case from turning.
Tighten the retaining bolts.
9. Press the new anti-lock speed sensor ring, if removed, and the ring gear on the
differential case.
10. NOTE: Apply Stud and Bearing Mount E0AZ-19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford
Install the ring gear bolt and tighten.
section.
01/26/2000
Differential Case and Ring Gear—One-Piece, Traction-Lok
Special Tool(s)
Feeler Gauge Set
303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or
equivalent
Rotator, Differential
205-246 (T86T-4205-A)
Rotator, Limited Slip

Differential
205-DS059 (D83T-4205-C) or
equivalent
Step Plate
205-D019 (D80L-630-8) or
equivalent
Gauge, Differential Clutch

205-135 (T80P-4946-A)
Gauge, Differential (Traction-
Lok)
205-380 (T97T-4946-B)

Clutch
205-446

Clutch
205-447
Disassembly
1. Remove the differential case (4204); for additional information, refer to Differential Case
in this section.
2. NOTE: The differential bearings (4221) need not be removed to overhaul the Ford
limited slip differential. If bearing removal is required; for additional information, refer to
Differential Case in this section.
NOTE: The anti-lock speed sensor ring cannot be reused once removed.
Remove the differential pinion shaft lock bolt, and remove the differential pinion shaft
(4211).
• If required, remove the ring gear and anti-lock speed sensor ring.
3. NOTE: This tool does not have the 1/2-inch drive hole.
Install the special tool in a suitable vise.

4. Install the differential case on the tool.
5. Install the special tool in the bottom side gear bore.

• Apply a small amount of grease to the centering hole of the special tool.
6. Install the nut in the upper differential side gear (4236). Hold the nut in position while
installing the hex screw. Tighten the hex-head screw until contact is made with the Step
Plate.
7. Insert a suitable dowel bar in the hole of the nut. Tighten the forcing screw to force the
differential side gear away from the differential pinion gears (4215). The dowel bar is
used to keep the nut from turning when the forcing screw is tightened.
8. WARNING: Keep fingers/hands away from pinion gears when rotating the
differential case with the differential rotating tool.
NOTE: Differential pinion thrust washers (4230) cannot be removed independently of

the differential pinion gears and so must be removed simultaneously with the differential
pinion gears.
Insert the special tool in the pinion shaft bore, and turn the differential case to "walk" the
differential pinion gears and differential pinion thrust washers out to the differential case
windows.
9. Remove the differential pinion gears and differential pinion thrust washers.
10. Remove the differential side gears and differential clutch packs (4947), and tag them
RIGHT and LEFT with the shim.
11. CAUTION: When separating the clutch plates and clutch discs, note the
sequence in which they are disassembled. They must be reassembled in the same
sequence.
CAUTION: Do not use acids or solvents when cleaning the differential clutch
pack. Wipe components with a clean, lint-free cloth only.
Separate the differential clutch discs and clutch plates for cleaning and inspection. Refer
to the disassembled view of the limited slip differential case in the Description and
Operation portion of this section.
Assembly
1. Prelubricate each steel clutch plate and soak all friction plates in Additive Friction
Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A or equivalent meeting Ford specification EST-M2C118-A for
at least 15 minutes.
2. NOTE: Do not mix the differential clutch packs or shims from one side with the other.
NOTE: The Belleville spring is a dished plate.
Assemble the differential clutch packs (without the shims and Belleville springs) on the
respective differential side gears.
3. Clamp the bolt head of the special tool in a vise. Install the differential clutch pack and
the differential side gear (without the shim or the Belleville spring) on the gauge.
4. Position the special tool on top of the differential clutch pack.
5. Install the special tool over the disc and differential clutch pack.
6. Install the nut of the gauge over the top and base stud.
7. Use the Feeler Gauge Set and select the thickest blade that will enter between the tool and
the differential clutch pack. The reading will be the thickness of the new clutch shim.
Select the correct shim size, and remove the special tools.
Part Number Description

F75Z-4A324-DA 0.030 Inch
F75Z-4A324-EA 0.035 Inch
F75Z-4A324-FA 0.040 Inch
F75Z-4A324-GA 0.045 Inch
F75Z-4A324-HA 0.050 Inch
F75Z-4A324-JA 0.055 Inch
F75Z-4A324-KA 0.060 Inch
8.
8. Place the shim and Belleville spring on the differential clutch pack.
• The dished or concave side of the Belleville spring must face up and against the
thrust face of the differential case.
Refer to the exploded view in the Description and Operation portion of
this section.
9. Insert the differential clutch packs with shims and Belleville springs and differential side
gears into the differential case.
• Hold the upper differential clutch pack and side gear assembly in place to prevent
it from falling out of the differential case.
10. NOTE: Apply a small amount of grease to the Step Plate bore.
NOTE: If necessary, insert the dowel bar in the nut bore to keep the nut from turning as
the hex screw is tightened.
Assemble the forcing screw, nut and Step Plate to the differential case.
1. Position the Step Plate in the bottom side gear bore.
2. Position the nut in the top side gear bore and hold it in place.
3. Install the hex-head screw and tighten it two turns after it contacts the bottom Step
Plate.
11. NOTE: Prelubricate both sides of the differential pinion thrust washers with SAE 75W-
140 High Performance Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B or equivalent meeting Ford
specification WSL-M2C192-A.
NOTE: Make sure the differential pinion gears are 180 degrees apart so they will align
correctly with the pinion shaft bore.
Position the differential pinion gears and differential pinion thrust washers in the window
of the differential case so they mesh with the differential side gear teeth.
12. WARNING: Keep fingers/hands away from pinion gears when rotating the
differential case with the differential rotating tool.
NOTE: It will probably be necessary to loosen or tighten the forcing screw to allow the
differential pinion gears and differential side gears to rotate.
Insert the special tool into the pinion shaft bore, and turn the differential case. This will
cause the differential pinion gears to engage the differential side gears and "walk" into
the differential case. Rotate the differential case until the pinion mating shaft holes are
lined up exactly with the holes in the differential pinion gears.
13. CAUTION: If a new pinion shaft lock bolt is not available, use Stud and
Bearing Mount E0AZ-19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSK-
M2G349-A1 and tighten to specification.
Loosen the forcing screw, and remove the Step Plate and nut from the side gear bores.
Install the differential pinion shaft in the differential case.
• Install a new differential pinion shaft lock bolt.
14. Replace the differential bearings, if removed.
15. Check the torque required to rotate one differential side gear.
• Install the special tool with the (1/2-inch drive hole) as shown.
• The initial break-away torque, if original clutch plates are used, must be within
specification. The rotating torque required to keep the differential side gear
turning with new clutch plates may vary.
16. Install the ring gear and, if removed, a new anti-lock speed sensor ring on the differential
case and tighten the retaining bolts.
17. Install the differential case; for additional information, refer to Differential Case in this
section.
01/26/2000
Differential Case and Ring Gear—Two-Piece, Traction-Lok
Special Tool(s)
Gauge, Differential Clutch
205-135 (T80P-4946-A)
Gauge, Differential (Traction-

Lok)
205-389 (T97T-4946–A)

Clutch
205-446

Clutch
205-447
Disassembly
1. Remove the differential case (4204); for additional information, refer to Differential Case
in this section.

3. NOTE: The anti-lock speed sensor ring cannot be reused once removed.
Insert a punch in the bolt holes and drive the ring gear off.
• If necessary, remove the anti-lock speed sensor ring and discard it.
4. If the differential bearings (4221) require removal, refer to Differential Case in this
section.
5. NOTE: This tool does not have the 1/2-inch drive hole.
Position the Traction-Lok Torque Tool Set in a vise.
6. Position the differential case on the Traction-Lok Torque Tool Set.

7. Index mark the differential case halves.
8. Remove the differential case bolts.
9. Remove the right differential case half and differential side gear (4236).
10. Remove the differential pinion shaft (4211) and differential pinion gears (4215).
11. Remove the differential pinion gears from the differential pinion shaft.
12. Remove both differential side gears and differential clutch packs (4947) from each
differential case half.
13. Remove the Belleville spring and shim(s) from both differential clutch packs.
Assembly
1. Prelubricate each clutch disc and soak the clutch friction plate for at least 15 minutes in
Additive Friction Modifier C8AZ-19B546-A or equivalent meeting Ford specification
EST-M2C118-A.
2. CAUTION: Do not mix the differential clutch packs or shims from one side
with the other.
NOTE: The Belleville spring is a dished plate.
Assemble the differential clutch packs (without the shims and Belleville springs) on the
respective differential side gears.
3. NOTE: Use the Traction-Lok Clutch Gauge Mandrel for the procedure. Refer to the
Special Tool(s) Chart.
Clamp the bolt head of the Traction-Lok Clutch Gauge in a vise.
• Install the differential clutch pack and the differential side gear (without the shim
or the Belleville spring) on the gauge.
4. Position the Traction-Lok Clutch Gauge disc on top of the differential clutch pack.
5. Install the Traction-Lok Clutch Gauge housing over the disc and tighten the nut.
6. Use a feeler gauge and select the thickest blade that will enter between the tool and the
differential clutch pack.
• The reading will be the thickness of the new clutch shim.
• Select the correct shim size, and remove the Traction-Lok Clutch Gauge.
7. Place the selected shim and Belleville spring on the differential clutch pack.
• The dished or concave side of the Belleville spring must be face up and against
the thrust face of the differential case.
8. Install the differential side gear and differential clutch pack into the left case half (ring
gear side).
9. Position left differential case half on the Traction-Lok Torque Tool Set.
10. Lubricate the differential pinion gears, pinion gear thrust washers and the differential
pinion shaft with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or equivalent meeting Ford
• Install the differential pinion gears in the differential pinion shaft.
11. Install the differential pinion shaft and the differential pinion gears.
12. Install the right differential clutch pack and differential side gear into the right case half.
13. Position the right differential case half with the index marks aligned.
14. Install the retaining bolts and tighten.
15. Check the torque required to rotate one differential side gear.
• Install the Traction-Lok Torque Tool Set with the 1/2-inch drive hole as shown.
• The initial break-away torque, if the original clutch plates are used, must be
within specification. The rotating torque required to keep the differential side gear
turning with new clutch plates may vary.
16. Install the ring gear and, if removed, a new anti-lock speed sensor ring on the differential
case and tighten the retaining bolts.
section.
SECTION 205-02E:
Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full Floating Axle — Ford
SPECIFICATIONS
Axle Shaft
Hub
SECTION 205-02E: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — Full 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Floating Axle — Ford Workshop Manual
SPECIFICATIONS
01/26/2000
Item Specification
SAE 75W-140 High Performance Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B WSL-M2C192-A
Description Nm Lb-Ft
Axle Shaft Retaining Bolts 109 80
Hub Nuta — —
a
Refer to text.
01/26/2000

The full-floating rear axle features disc brakes. The disc brake calipers must be removed to
remove rotors and hubs. The rotor on the single rear wheel design can be removed without
removing the hub. Dual rear wheel axles require that the hub and rotor be removed as a unit.
Both DRW and SRW hubs feature a cartridge type seal that must be replaced anytime the
hub is removed.
The rear hub is supported or floats on the axle spindle on two opposed tapered roller bearings. It
is retained on the spindle by a ratcheting nut that is tabbed to a slot on the spindle.

1 — Spindle (Part of 4010)
2 1109 Hub
3 1244 Inner Bearing
4 1A124 Hub Nut (RH)
5 1A125 Hub Nut (LH)
6 4670 Slinger
7 1177 Hub Seal

1 N811648-S100 Axle Shaft Bolts
2 4234 Axle Shaft
3 2C026 Rotor (SRW)
4 2C026 Hub and Rotor (DRW)
5 1A124 Hub Nut (RH)
6 1A125 Hub Nut (LH)
7 1239 Outer Bearing Cup
8 1240 Outer Cone and Roller
9 1243 Inner Bearing Cup
10 1244 Inner Bearing
11 4670 Slinger
12 1177 Hub Seal
13 1A034 Rear Hub Assy (with Cups)
14 1109 Rear Hub Assy (Complete)
15 2209 Parking Brake Assy
16 390258-S O-Ring
17 W704709-S428 Wheel Studs
01/26/2000

01/26/2000

01/26/2000
Axle Shaft
Removal
1. NOTE: The wheels and tires do not have to be removed in order to remove the axle
shafts.
Loosen and remove the retaining bolts.
2. Remove the axle shaft.
3. Inspect the axle shaft O-ring seal for cracks, nicks or wear and replace it if required.
Installation
1. Install the axle shaft.
2. NOTE: Coat the threads of the retaining bolts with Stud and Bearing Mount EOAZ-
19554-BA or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSK-M2G349-A1.
Install the retaining bolts and tighten.

SECTION 205-02E: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Full Floating Axle — Ford Workshop Manual
01/26/2000
Axle Shaft
Removal
1. NOTE: The wheels and tires do not have to be removed in order to remove the axle
shafts.
Loosen and remove the retaining bolts.
2. Remove the axle shaft.
Installation
Install the retaining bolts and tighten.

SECTION 205-02E: Wheel Hubs and Bearings — 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550
Full Floating Axle — Ford Workshop Manual
01/26/2000
Hub
Special Tool(s)
2-Jaw Puller
205-D026 (D80L-1002-L) or
Equivalent
Ford Axle Locknut Socket

205-448
Step Plate
205-D018 (D80L-630-7) or
Equivalent
Removal
2. Loosen the retaining bolts.

3. Raise the vehicle to the desired working height, keeping the axle parallel with the floor;
for additional information, refer to Section 100-02.
4. Release the parking brake.
5. Remove the wheel(s); for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
6. Remove the brake caliper and rotor on the single rear wheel axle; for additional
7. Remove the retaining bolts and axle shaft.
8. CAUTION: The hub nuts are right-hand thread (right hub) and left-hand
thread (left hub). Each hub nut is stamped RH or LH.
Install the Ford Axle Locknut Socket so that the drive tangs of the tool engage the four
slots in the hub nut.
9. CAUTION: Discard the hub nut if the hub nut comes apart during removal.
CAUTION: Under no circumstances are power tools to be used when

performing these operations.
NOTE: The hub nut will ratchet during this operation.
Remove the hub nut (counterclockwise for right-hand thread; clockwise for left-hand
thread).
10. Install the Step Plate.

11. Install the 2-Jaw Puller and loosen the rear hub to the point of removal.
12. CAUTION: Do not drop the outer hub bearing when removing the hub.
Remove the rear hub assembly.
13. CAUTION: Install a new hub seal each time the hub assembly is removed.
NOTE: The inner bearing is located behind the hub seal.
Pack each bearing and replace the hub seals; for additional information, refer to Bearings,
Cups and Seals in this section.
14. CAUTION: Use extreme care not to scratch or gouge the seal or bearing
surfaces.
If after hub removal, the hub seal or seal inner sleeve remains on the spindle, remove it as
shown using the Step Plate and the 2-Jaw Puller.
15. Inspect the seal surface and inner shoulder for scratches and damage.
• Remove all scratches, gouges or galling damage with #600 or finer crocus cloth.
Installation
1. NOTE: Clean the spindle thoroughly after removing the rear hub.
Coat the spindle with axle lubricant.
2. CAUTION: The hub bearings must be prelubed prior to installation.
Fill the hub cavity with 29.6 ml (1 oz) of SAE 75W-140 High Performance Rear Axle
Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B or equivalent meeting Ford specification WSL-M2C192-A.
3. CAUTION: Use extreme care not to damage the hub seal by allowing it to
contact the spindle during installation.
NOTE: Coat the spindle and hub seal inside diameter with SAE 75W-140 High
Performance Rear Axle Lubricant F1TZ-19580-B or equivalent meeting Ford
specification WSL-M2C192-A.
NOTE: Installing the rear hub in this manner causes the outer bearing to act as a pilot
making the installation easier.
Push the rear hub and outer bearing onto the spindle as an assembly.
• Hold the outer bearing seated and use the bearing as a pilot.
4. CAUTION: Install a new hub nut if the hub nut comes apart during
installation.
CAUTION: Make sure the hub nut tab is located in the keyway prior to thread
engagement.
Install the hub nut on the spindle.
• Turn the hub nut clockwise for right-hand thread or counterclockwise for left-
hand thread.
5. Position the Ford Axle Locknut Socket on the hub nut.
6. CAUTION: Under no circumstances are power tools to be used when

performing these operations.
NOTE: The hub nut will ratchet as torque is applied.

Tighten the hub nut, rotating the rear hub occasionally while tightening.
7. Adjust hub nuts as follows:

• For new bearings, ratchet back five teeth or notches (1/8 turn) on the hub nut.
Five notches must be felt during this operation in order to have performed it
correctly.
• For used bearings, ratchet back seven teeth or notches (1/6 turn) on the hub nut.
Seven notches must be felt during this operation to have performed it correctly.
Install and tighten the retaining bolts until they seat.
11. CAUTION: Remember, the last step of this procedure is to tighten the axle
shaft bolts to specification, after the wheel lug nuts have been tightened.
Install the brake rotor and caliper on the single rear wheel axles; for additional
12. Install the wheels and tires but do not tighten the lug nuts to specification at this time.
13. Check the axle lubricant level; for additional information, refer to Section 205-02D.
15. Tighten the wheel lug nuts; for additional information, refer to Section 204-04.
16. Tighten the axle shaft retaining bolts.

SECTION 205-03:
Front Drive Axle/Differential
SPECIFICATIONS
Front Drive Axle and Differential
Front Drive Axle
GENERAL PROCEDURES
Axle and Differential Drain and Refill
IN-VEHICLE REPAIR
Drive Pinion Seal
Axle Assembly
Axle
Differential Case
SECTION 205-03: Front Drive 1999 F-Super Duty 250-550 Workshop
Axle/Differential Manual
Item Specification
Lubricants and Sealants
SAE 90 Premium Rear Axle Lubricant C2AZ-19580-F ESW-M2C105-A
High Temperature 4x4 Front Axle and Wheel Bearing Grease ESA-M1C198-A
E8TZ-19590-A
Clear Silicone Rubber D6AZ-19562-AA ESB-M4G92-A or ESE-
M4G195-A
Lubricant Fill Level Checks

Item Specification
Axle lubricant 2.8 liters (5.9 pints)
Backlash Specifications
Item Specification
Backlash between ring gear and pinion 0.13-0.20 mm (0.005-0.008 in)
Maximum ring gear backlash variation 0.05 mm (0.002 in)
Rotational Torque Ranges

Item Specification
abcd
Pinion bearing preload 1.7-3.4 Nm
(15-30 lb-in)
a
Never back off the pinion nut to reduce preload. If preload reduction is necessary, install a new
collapsible spacer and pinion nut.
b
Take frequent pinion bearing torque preload readings.
c
For new pinion bearing installation, tighten the pinion nut to a rotating torque of 1.7-3.4 Nm
(15-30 lb-in) (217-678 Nm [160-500 lb-ft]).
d
For original pinion bearing installation, the reading must be 0.56 Nm (5 lb-in) more than the
initial reading taken during the disassembly procedure.
Pinion nuta b c d 217-678 160-500
Bolt retaining the front driveshaft to the front axle flange 35 26
Nut retaining the u-bolt to the axle 133 99
Nut and bolt retaining the trackbar to the axle 174 129
Bolt retaining the stabilizer bar bracket to the axle 47 35
Bolt retaining the differential bearing cap to the differential housing 109 80
Bolt retaining the differential housing cover to the differential housing 47 35
Bolt retaining the ring gear to the differential case 136 100
(model 50)
Bolt retaining the ring gear to the differential case 183 135
(model 60)
Fill plug 27 20
a
Never back off the pinion nut to reduce preload. If preload reduction is necessary, install a new
collapsible spacer and pinion nut.
b
Take frequent pinion bearing torque preload readings.
c
For new pinion bearing installation on model 50 and 60 axles, tighten the pinion nut to a
rotating torque of 1.7-3.4 Nm (15-30 lb-in) (217-678 Nm [160-500 lb-ft]).
d
For original pinion bearing installation, the reading must be 0.56 Nm (5 lb-in) more than the
initial reading taken during the disassembly procedure.

Front Drive Axle


Axle and Differential Drain and Refill
Special Tool(s)
Oil Suction Gun
303-D104 (D94T-9000-A) or
equivalent
Material
Item Specification
SAE 90 Premium Rear Axle
ESW-M2C105-
Lubricant
A
C2AZ-19580-F
2. Drain and refill the axle lubricant.

1. Remove the fill plug.
2. Using the special tool, remove the axle lubricant through the fill hole.
3. Fill the axle with the specified type and quantity of lubricant.
4. Install the fill plug.

Drive Pinion Seal
Special Tool(s)
Holding Fixture, Drive Pinion
Flange
205-012 (T57T-4851-B)
Remover, Bushing
307-001 (TOOL-1175-AC) or
equivalent
Remover, Drive Pinion Flange

205-018 (T65L-4851-B)
Slide Hammer
100-001 (T50T-100-A)
Material
Item Specification
SAE 90 Premium Rear Axle
ESW-M2C105-
Lubricant
A
C2AZ-19580-F
Removal
1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, raise and support the vehicle. For additional information,
refer to Section 100-02.
2. Index-mark the front driveshaft and the front axle flange to maintain driveline balance.
3. Disconnect the front driveshaft from the front axle flange, and position it aside.
1. Remove and discard the four bolts and two retainers.
2. Disconnect the front driveshaft from the front axle flange.
3. Tape the bearing cups to the spider to prevent them from falling off the spider.
4. Position the driveshaft aside.
4. Measure the pinion bearing torque preload. Record the reading.

• Rotate the pinion with a Nm (lb-in) torque wrench. Record the torque necessary to
maintain rotation of the pinion through several revolutions.
5. Remove and discard the nut and washer.

• Use the special tool to prevent the flange from turning while removing the nut.
6. NOTE: Index-mark the flange and the pinion shaft.
Using the special tool, remove the flange.
7. Using the special tools, remove the pinion seal. Discard the seal.
8. Clean and inspect the following:

• The seal mounting surface.
• The flange lugs and the flange end that contacts the bearing cone.
Verify that the flange nut counterbore and the seal contact surfaces are
smooth and free of nicks.
Installation
1. Using a suitable driver, install the pinion seal.

• Lightly coat the pinion seal lip with lubricant.
2. CAUTION: Never use a metal hammer on the pinion flange or install the
flange with power tools. If necessary, use a plastic hammer to tap on a tight fitting
flange.
NOTE: Align the index marks.
Lightly coat the flange splines and seal mating area with lubricant, then install the flange
with a new washer and nut.
3. CAUTION: Never back off the pinion nut to reduce preload. If preload
reduction is necessary, install a new collapsible spacer and pinion nut.
Tighten the nut.
• Use the special tool to prevent the flange from turning while tightening the nut.
Remove the special tool when taking pinion bearing torque preload readings.
• Take frequent pinion bearing torque preload readings.
• The final reading must be 0.56 Nm (5 lb-in) more than the initial reading taken
during removal.
4. Connect the front driveshaft to the front axle flange.
1. Remove the tape from the bearing cups.
2. Connect the front driveshaft to the front axle flange.
3. Install the two new retainers and four new bolts.
5. Check and, if necessary, fill the axle with the specified lubricant. For additional
information, refer to Specifications in this section.

Axle Assembly
Removal
2. Remove the disc brake calipers.

2. Lift the disc brake caliper from the disc brake caliper anchor plate.
• Using mechanics wire, position the disc brake caliper aside.
3. Remove the disc brake pads.

2. Remove the front disc brake caliper anchor rail clips.

4. Disconnect the power vacuum hub hose from the knuckle, then disconnect the ABS
sensor.
5. Remove the front stabilizer bar-to-axle retaining bolts.
6. If equipped, disconnect the steering damper at the axle. For additional information, refer
to Section 211-03.
7. Disconnect the steering linkage at the steering knuckles, and position it aside. For
8. CAUTION: Index-mark the driveshaft to the companion flange to maintain
proper driveline balance.
Disconnect the driveshaft at the front axle, and position it aside. For additional
• Wrap electrical tape around the bearing cups.
9. Disconnect the vent tube and plug the fitting.

10. NOTE: It is necessary to load the suspension to remove the trackbar. Load the springs by
allowing most of the front vehicle weight to rest on the axle.
Support the axle with a suitable jack, and lower the vehicle enough to relieve the tension
on the trackbar. Then, disconnect the trackbar at the axle, and position it aside.
• Relieve the load on the suspension after disconnecting the trackbar.

• Leave the jack supporting the axle for removal from the vehicle.
11. Remove the U-bolts securing the axle to the springs.
12. Lower and remove the axle.
Installation

• Check and, if necessary, fill the axle with the specified lubricant. For additional
Axle Assembly
Removal
2. Remove the disc brake calipers.

2. Lift the disc brake caliper from the disc brake caliper anchor plate.
• Using mechanics wire, position the disc brake caliper aside.

2. Remove the front disc brake caliper anchor rail clips.

4. Disconnect the power vacuum hub hose from the knuckle, then disconnect the ABS
sensor.
5. Remove the front stabilizer bar-to-axle retaining bolts.
6. If equipped, disconnect the steering damper at the axle. For additional information, refer
to Section 211-03.
7. Disconnect the steering linkage at the steering knuckles, and position it aside. For
8. CAUTION: Index-mark the driveshaft to the companion flange to maintain
proper driveline balance.
Disconnect the driveshaft at the front axle, and position it aside. For additional
• Wrap electrical tape around the bearing cups.
9. Disconnect the vent tube and plug the fitting.

10. NOTE: It is necessary to load the suspension to remove the trackbar. Load the springs by
allowing most of the front vehicle weight to rest on the axle.
Support the axle with a suitable jack, and lower the vehicle enough to relieve the tension
on the trackbar. Then, disconnect the trackbar at the axle, and position it aside.
• Relieve the load on the suspension after disconnecting the trackbar.

• Leave the jack supporting the axle for removal from the vehicle.
11. Remove the U-bolts securing the axle to the springs.
12. Lower and remove the axle.
Installation

• Check and, if necessary, fill the axle with the specified lubricant. For additional
Differential Case
Special Tool(s)
Puller, Drive
Pinion/Differential Carrier
205-D036 (D81L-4220-A) or
equivalent
Disassembly
1. CAUTION: Do not reuse the bearings after removing them from the
differential case (4204).
Remove the differential bearings and the shims.
1. Place the differential (4026) into a vise with soft jaws.
2. Using the special tool, remove the differential bearing.
3. CAUTION: Discard any damaged shims at time of assembly.
Remove the differential bearing shims (4067).
Wire the shims, the bearing cone, and the cup together. Identify from
which side they were removed.
Repeat the procedure for the opposite side.
2. CAUTION: Discard the bolts after removing them from the differential case.
CAUTION: Place shop towels under the ring gear to prevent ring gear
damage.
Remove the ring gear.
1. Place the differential case into a vise with soft jaws.
2. Remove and discard all but four of the bolts. Leave four loosely assembled bolts
spaced apart from each other.
3. Tap each bolt head alternately with a soft face hammer to loosen the ring gear.
Remove the bolts and the ring gear. Discard the bolts.
3. Using a hammer and a small drift, drive out the differential pinion shaft lock pin (4241).
4. Remove the differential pinion shaft (4211).
5. Remove the differential pinion gears (4215) and thrust washers, and the differential side
gears (4236) and thrust washers.
6. CAUTION: Always use new solvent when cleaning the bearings.
CAUTION: Do not spin dry the bearings with compressed air.
CAUTION: Oil the bearings immediately, to prevent rusting.
CAUTION: If upon inspection, any component has score marks/chips,

thoroughly clean the differential housing.
Carry out the following inspection.
• Thoroughly clean all parts.

• Inspect all parts for damage.
Discard the complete differential if excessive wear is visible on all parts.
Discard both differential pinion gears and both differential side gears if
any one of these gears are worn/damaged.
Verify that the differential bearing bores are smooth. Remove any
nicks/burrs from the mounting surfaces of the differential housing.
Assembly
1. Place the differential case into a vise with soft jaws.
2. Apply axle and wheel bearing grease to the following.

• The differential side gear thrust washers.
• The differential side gear hubs and thrust faces.
• The differential pinion thrust washers.
• The differential pinion gears.
Assemble the gears and their respective washers.
3. Lubricate the gears with lubricant, then install them into the differential case.
• Install and hold the differential side gears and thrust washers in the differential
case. Then, install the differential pinion gears and thrust washers, and rotate them
until the pinion shaft bore in the case and gears align.
If hand rotation of the gears is not possible, install an axle shaft into the
differential side gear, and turn the shaft with a pipe wrench.
If necessary, use a drift to align the pinion shaft bores.
4. Install the differential pinion shaft, aligning the lock pin bore in the differential case and
the pinion shaft.
5. Install the differential pinion shaft lock pin.
• Peen the differential case metal over the lock pin, in two places, 90 degrees from
the slot in the lock pin.
6. On model 50 axles, assemble the ring gear to the differential case, and alternately and
evenly tighten the new bolts.
7. On model 60 axles, assemble the ring gear to the differential case, and alternately and
evenly tighten the new bolts.
8. Install the differential bearings only after determining the appropriate amount of
differential bearing shims to install. For additional information, refer to Axle in this
section.

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Workshop Manual

1999 F-Super Duty 250-550

SECTION 100-01: Identification Codes

SECTION 100-02: Jacking and Lifting

SECTION 100-04: Noise, Vibration and Harshness

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Vehicle Identification Number

• 1FT — Ford Motor Company, USA, truck, completed vehicle

Positions 5 through 7 indicate vehicle line, series and body type.

• F20 — F-250 Regular Cab, 4x2 (single rear wheels)

• S — 6.8L SOHC, EFI, V10, Gas

The ninth VIN position is a check digit.

The eleventh VIN position is the assembly plant code.

• S — Allen Park (Allen Park, Michigan)

Vehicle Certification (VC) Label — Canada (Typical)

Vehicle Certification (VC) Label — Incomplete Vehicle (Typical)

Refer to the paint manufacturer code book for information.

• 7 — AM/FM stereo with clock

The following lists the gear ratios on rear axles.

• 31 — 3.73 non-limited slip, F-250, single rear wheels

• B — Four-speed manual, T199, (Mexico)

The following lists available spring codes.

• Base part number — 5310 (RH/LH)

• Base part number — 5560

Interior Trim Codes

Interior Color Codes

• X — Medium Prairie Tan

Tape Stripe Codes

• S — Silver Metallic/Dark Violet/Bright Green (XLT)

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Refer to the Owner Guide for additional information on vehicle jacking.

CAUTION: Damage to suspension, exhaust and steering linkage components can

Frame — Right Rear

Frame — Right Front

Frame — Left Front

Suspension — Rear, Motorhome

CAUTION: Damage to suspension, exhaust and steering linkage components can

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)

Normal Noise, Vibration and Harshness

The shortest route to an accurate diagnosis results from:

• system knowledge, including comparison with a known good system.

• a road test to determine the exact nature of the concern.

An increase in speed at less than half throttle.

An increase in speed at half to nearly full throttle.

An increase in speed at wide-open throttle.

The relative movement of attached components.

A high-pitched short-duration noise usually caused by belt misalignment.

A high-pitched long-duration noise usually caused by belt slippage.

A low-frequency (sometimes cycling) noise, often felt as well as heard.

A stressed isolation mount or component that transmits vibration instead of dampening or

The use of the brakes to keep the vehicle from moving.

The vehicle is in motion with the transmission disengaged.

Controlled Rear Suspension Height

The front shaft in a two-piece driveline system.

Cycles per second.

Constant speed on level ground; neither accelerating nor decelerating.

Drive Engine Run-Up Test

A firmer-than-usual response of a component.

Hertz; a frequency of one cycle per second.

Toward the vehicle centerline.

To separate from the influence of other components.