Sei sulla pagina 1di 68

'd;wugwlmpkrk>'D;w>wJrkme>t*Rwz.

The Giant and Other Tales

Drum Publication Group


usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu±l>
'd;wugwlmpkrk>'D;w>wJrkme>t*Rwz.
The Giant and Other Tales

Drum Publication Group


P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand

drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org

April 2007

ISBN - 978-974-94605-9-7

ii
w>wJcd.wD

1I uJ'.d wohb. 1
ypDRxH (rJ>&Rrd>)
2I wlmpkr>k 6
M>y-wXRxl (rJ>v;tl)
3I *k>vXtvDRurXur.wbd 17
eD>vhvh.zD (rJ>&Rrd>)
4I xG.H rd>olCRJ usd 21
eD>q.wl> (bg'd.,g)
5I zDoXzd; 29
zdcGgqH; (rJ>v;tl)
6I zd.CJvXtul.w>oh 35
eD>EGHubsH;0g (rJ>v;tl)
7I eD>xd.'D.'D;pDRbko.*DR 39
eD>xHurSHck. (rJ>v;tl)
8I zHzH{Xys>yw>ur.wuh> 44
pDRwe>xlpD (rJ>v;)
9I zdvXtqDwvJy>touJmy0; 50
eD>rh&> (rJ>v;tl)
10I ySRvXtwoh.ngw>bsK;w>zSd. 54
pDRtJ.xlpD (rJ>v;tl)
11I rhv.h zdrRpXRtzH'v f .J 61
pDRtJ.ck.rl (rJ>v;tl)

iii
w>uwdRvXng

w>uGJ;vXttd.vXvHmwbh.tHRtylRrh>ylrkme>vXuFdo&.o&.rk.’D;
uFzd w
d z.uG;J 0JvXtpkvXy[H;M>uhRtDRvXw>uG;J jyXvXtylRuGmH wz.t
ylR< vDRqD’.w>w>CJRylvXtwb.vdmto;’D;w>jyXtw>bsXwz.
b.q.rkm0J< ‘D;w>CJRylweDRvXy’d;M>b.tDRpJRcHwz.M.vDRI w>CJR
ylweDRwrh>w>vXtoDb.b.q.yxH.vXtuJbsK;tCdyxXEkmtDR
M.vDRI ‘D;w>‘J;uH.’J;0hRph>uD;vHmtHRvXw>*DRw>zD.wz.’fod;ySRz;’D;
uvDRxk;M>ol.xk;M>o;t*D>vDRI

?us.d w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu%l>/ rk>v>vXy0JunDzw d z.u*kRxD.vX


w>uG;J vHmuG;J vJ>‘D;uuG;J ymwh>w>uG;J wz.’fo;d ySRvXcHvXvmuz;b.
0J’D;uoh.ngb.0Jt*D>vDRI ‘fyrk>v>tod;yxH.b.vXuFdo&.’D;uFdzd
tg’Htg*R*kmusJ;pX;ymzsgxD.tw>ohw>b.’D;qSXM>ySRw>uGJ;vXtvk>
’d.ySR› ’d.wz.tCdypH;bsK;b.t0Joh.’d.r;M.vDRI

yrk>v>vXvHmtHRw>uymtDRvXvHm&d’X;wz.tylR’fo;d uFzd <d uFo


d &.<
rd>y>< ol.uho;yS>< o&.org‘D;ySRtg*Ruz;b.0Jt*D>vDRI

iv
uJ'.
d wohb.

w>pH;0JwbsDySR’Doud;td.0JcH*RvDRI ySRcH*RtHRtrHRrh>0JxHqXw*R’D;
vyDw*RvDRI t0Jo.h cH*RtHRb.[;rR’d;vJto;xDbv d RD I xHqX’D;vyD
cH*RtHRtJ.vdmto;vXteD>qH;cgvHRvHRvDRI vJRuhR’fo;d od;xDbv d RD I
xHqXwJvyD< ?wbsDtRH ,ub.td.uFv d RD I ,rh>uJx.D ySRul.b.ul.
ohuJ’d.uJxD,wo;yhReD.eRb.I/
rhr>h vyDwcDwx
J qH X< ?,J,td.uFw d rkmb.I ,u[;rR’d;vJ,o;’ft
nDE>k tod;vDRI ,rh>uJx.D ySRuJ’.d uJxw D *RM.,wo;yhReD.eRb.I/

xHqXtHR[;xD.vXo0DtylR’D;vJRrRvdw>vXySR*Rto0DvDRI t0J*km
usJ;pX;0J’.oyS>yS>vDRI vXcHzsdwJmzsdwDR< td.’D;w>ul.b.ul.oh’D;uJ
xD.0JyRS xl;ySRwDRw*RM.vDRI xHqXtHRtd.ph>uD;’D;t[H.zdCzD v
d RD I xH
qXtrgph>uD;rh>ySRw*RvXttd.’D;w>ul.b.ul.ohvDRI

1
rhr>h vyDwcDt.d wh>0JvXto0D’;D b.rRtD.0J’v f Xngtod;vDRI t0Jt.d
ph>uD;’D;t[H.zdCDzdvDRI trgph>uD;rh>ySRzSD.zd< w>ul.b.ul.ohwtd.
b.’fod;’.’D;tDRtCdb.td.0JzSD.zSD.,m,mvDRI t0Joh.cH*RtHRtd.
ph>uD;’D;tzdtgr;vDRI

weHRM.xHqXtHRwJvdmo;’D;trgvXuuGJbg,GRvDRI trgrRym0Jw>
[h.wz.vXySR[Jbg,GRwz.t*D>tgr;vDRI xHqXtJ.’d;vXtoud;
tHRuuJ’d.’fod;’D;tDRtCduwDRvDRqDM>0Jw>[h.vXt*D>vDRI xHqX
tHR’ftrh>ySRvXw>ul.b.ul.oht.d tod;rRM>0Jw>[h.vXySRwxH.’D;
oh.ngeDw*Rb.vDRI t0Jx;k xD.0JwuGo H .teD>wz.0HRxXEkmvDRpht
oH;tyXRwz.’D;u;bXuhRwuGHo.wz.M.’ftvD>vD>vDRI wuGHo.
cJvXmrh>’.wuG0H go.vDRI vXtoud;vyDt*D>rRM>0JwuGx H o
l .xJoX
zsX.{dR’D;yXEkm0Jw>vk>’d.yS‹R’d.vXtylRvDRI

wkRw>oh.eHRz;oDb.’D;ySR[Jbg,GRvXt[H.tgtg*D>*D>vDRI vyDp>h uD;


[J0vJ RD I wkRrh>w>bg0HRtD.tDoud;0J0RH wpkyRS [h.vDRw>[h.w*Rwcg
’D;vyDp>h uD;M>b.0Jxq H Xtw>[h.zdtRH vDRI ySRtg*R[JuRh 0Jw*Rqlt
[H.’.0JvDRI vyDtHR[JuhRb.oud;0J’D;zko;yS>w*RvDRI zJt0J[JuhR
vXus’J ;D qh.eDRtd.bS;H tcgt0Jwo
J ud;w>’D;zko;yS>w*R’D;pH;0J ?zgwH>{X<
ywDvJwuGHo.cH*ReDRI ,J,ySR[H.zdteD.*H>tgtCdw*RwzsX.wvX
b.I/
zko;yS>w*RpH;b.tDR< ?ewuGH0H.tCderh>’k;tD.tDRw*RwulmM.M>
0JvDRI/
pH;u’D;0J ?zgwH>{X< w*RwulmM.tD.0Jwohb.I/
wkREkRwpkzgwH>tHR[h.vDRvyDvXwuGH0g’D;[H;M>uhRwuGHxlto.oX
zsX.tHRM.vDRI

2
wkRrh>vyD[JuhRqlt[H.’D;[h.vDRtzdwz.vXwuGHo.vDRI zdwz.
tD.vDRwuGHo.wbsDCDth.b.0JvXph’D;’k;eJ.tygvDRI ty>wcDwkR
txH.wuGo H .tylRtd.’D;phwbso
D .h eD.xD.0JvXtoud;zdww
J >h tDRvX
turRuJ’d.tDRvDRI b.q.phwz.wrh>w>vk>’d.yS‹R’d.b.tCdol.
xD.o;[hb.0Jtoud;xHqXtHR’d.r;vDRI rhrh>vXzko;yS>w*RwcDwkR
rh>t’d;M>b.0JvyDtwuGHo.’D;[JuhR0Jqlt[H.M.vDRI ‘D;[h.vDR’k;
tD.0JtzdtrgvDRI wkRrh>t0Joh.tD.vDRwuGHo.wbsDCDxH.0JvXvX>
vk>’d.ySR› ’d.td.tgr;vXwuGHo.tylR’D;zJM.’k;eJ.t0RvDRI 0RwcDym
CmvX>tHR’D;vJRqg0Jql0h>ylRvDRI zko;yS>w*RtHRqgtvX>M>phtgtg
*D>*D>’D;whxD.[H.’d.usdRoGg*hRr;’fxHqXwh0Jtod;vDRI w;’D;td.0J’D;
tySR[H.zdySJR’D;w>o;zSHvDRI

vyDtHRo;’d.b.toud;zd’d.r;vDRI rk>qh.xD.rXtrgbd.xD.M>trhR
’D;[J0qJ x
l qH Xttd.vDRI vyD[w
J Rk ’D;vXw>o;’d.tylRwJ0J ?xHqX{X<
ewJw>h ,RvXeurRuJ’.d ,R< evDeudm< ewtJ.,R< ew>uwdRwwD
’D;eup>b.I/
xHqXwJtDR ?,[h.eRwuGHo.oXzsX.M.etD.tDRvH{gI vXwuGHo.
tylR,xXEkmw>tgtg*D>*D>vDRI/
vyDwcDwq J XtDRvXt[;vJt.D 0J‘;D ySR*RvDRI wkRrh>xHqXe>[lw>uwdR
wbDtHR’D;vXw>o;’d.tylRwJqXuhRvyDvX ?ewo;rHw>[h.vX,
[h.eRb.tCdewuJ’d.b.I eRM.ySRunDrh>*hR< rk>Cgrh>*hR< ySRpDqSHrh>
*hR< yX>wkRvXup>,GRr;xD;’d.eRew’d.b.vDRI/

vyD’;D xHqX’Doud;cH*RtHRtw>uwdRwz.[lx.D qlyRS rlc.d zdttd.vDRI


wkRrh>rk>CgtHRe>[lwbsDCtD o;wrkmb.vDRI rk>CgtHRymvDRto;vX
urRuJ'd.xD.vyDtHRvDRI b.w*DRM.rk>CgtHRvJRymvDRxluwHRw

3
zsX.vXusv J RD I vyDtRH vX*DR*DRt0JvRJ qlc;k ylR’D;zJtvJRvXust J cgtcD.
b.wd>wbsDCDwuG>vDRcD.xH;b.’D;vJRwvXuGHm0JvDRI rRw>’DweHR
usXR0HR‘D;[JuhR0Jqlt[H.vDRI ‘D;vXrk>eRzJvyDrHtcgt0JrHrD>b.0JvX
rk>CgtHRwJtRD vXtymvDRM>tDRxluwHRvXusv J RD I rk>CgwJtRD vX ?zJe
cD.b.wd>tcgerh>uG>vDRw>M.euxH.M>xluwHRvDRI/t0JymvDRto;
vXcgqlngogu[;uG>vDRxJtcD.xH;vDRI

b.w*DRt0J*JRxX.vX*DRwJb.trgvXuvJRzJ;ck;u’D;vDRI ySRpDqSHzd
tHRxH.vXvyDu[Jcb D .0Just
J Cdt0JvRJ pX>vDRxluwHRtHRqlw>zDc.d
vDRI vyDtHR[JvXusJuG>vDRxJtcD.xH;vDRI tcd.b.wd’D;xluwHRem
ouhwuG>xD.0Jb.I vJR’.tw>’fM.vDRI ySRpDqzHS t
d RH o;yS>H xD.w>’d.
r;vDRI vyDtHR’ftoud;wJtod;ySRxD;’d.tDRwbsK;*RvHwuJ’d.b.I

rhrh>up>,GRwcDtd.vXrlcd.ol.ud>o;*DR’d.r;< rh>vXte>[l0Jw>
uwdRwz.oD.xD.tuvkmuvkmtCdvDRI t0JymvDRph>uD;to;vX
uxD;’d.xD.vyDtRH vDRI t0Jv.d uJx.D to;vXzko;yS>w*R[J[;0JvX
vyDt[H.’D;rXvyDvXuvJR[;td.oud;tDRvXto0DvDRI rk>qh.xD.
vyDtHR[J0Jqlzko;yS>tHRto0DvDRI zko;yS>wJtDR< ?w>vHR{X< zku[h.
vDReRvXwcGoJ Xbh.tHRvDRI w>vXevd.b.M.e,XRxD.M>cJvXmvDRI/
xJM.wbsDt0J’.pH;bsK;zktHR‘D;[JuhR0Jqlt[H.vDRI

[JuhRvXusJ’DwbdngySJR’D;w>ol.cko;ck’d.’d.uvJmvDRI vXto;ylR
wcDub.ud;0J’fvJ.< ub.rR0J’fvJ.M.qdurd.0J’.’D;eHRurSHclol.
0JvXto;ylRvDRI zJt[JuhRwkRvX[H.’D;trgoHuG>tDR ?e[JuhRpdm
’D;wcGJoXbdeogrRrEkRvJ.I/
vyDtHRvXw>o;cktylRwJb.trgvX ?wcGJtHRw>vXevd.b.e,XR
xD.[JM>eRcJvXmvDRI/
4
trgwcDwJb.t0R ?,uud;w>vX,vd.b.eDRI/
vyDwcDwq J XtrgvXogu,XRxD.tCdwt J gvdmto;’D;o;xD.w>[H;
xD.wcGJbdvXw>o;xD.tylRzJtwXRvDR0Jtcgqd.b.0J ?ySRxh.{gI/
wcGJwbdwcDwkRrh>tvDRwJm’D;[gr>0J’.M.vDRI wcGJ[gr>tvD>M.zsg
xD.0JxJxh.w*D>tgr;vDRI
vyDtHRo;xD.b.trg’d.r;’D;wJb.trg?ewusXoH< wcGJtd.wh>xJcH
bdvDRI ,ub.ud;vDRI/
zJM.t0JwXRvDRu’D;wcGJtoDwbd’D;,XRxD.0J ?xh.cJvXmoh.{X< [g
r>wuh>I/

xJM.wbsx D .h wz.tHR[gr>0Jcv J XmvDRI vyDtRH wkRxh.[gr>’D;uG>vDR


uhRto;tuh>t*DRw’fo;d ’D;vXngvXRb.I ‘D;to;yS>H xD.w>’d.r;vDRI
wvDR*m’D;ySRunDvXR< td.’.bVovH;’Dw*RngvDRI vXtpkvdRwcD
wcGtJ .d wh>uhRxJwbd{Rd vXtub.ud;xD.u’D;0JvRD I vyDtRH wXRvDR
u’D;wcGb J v d XtoDwbd’;D pH;0J ?xh.{X< [JuRh td.uhRvX,vdRwuh>I/
zJM.wcGJ[gr>’D;tuh>t*DRtd.xD.uhR’fvXngtod;vDRI vyDtHRol.
xD.o;[hw>’d.r;vDRI

vyDtRH cDzsvd Xw>ul.b.ul.ohwtd.b.tCdt0J’;D tySR[H.zdwz.b.


td.’.’fvXngtod;vDRI t0Jwo;rHw>vXt’d;M>0Jb.I t0Jwrh>ySRvX
tw>qdurd.xD< xH.w>xDb.tCdw>qd.*hRvJRylRuGHmtDR< Ckm’D;t
ySR[H.zdCDzdM.vDRI vyDtHRb.td.’.vX’JzSD.oHtylRtHR‘D;b.td.rl
zS.D zS.D ,m,m’fvXng’D;b.[;Ckz;H CkrR< vk>tD.tySR[H.zdvXweHRt
*D>weHRt*D>’fvXngtod;vDRI

5
wlmpkr>k

w>pH;0JvXySR’Drg0Rtd.0Jc*H RvDRI ySR’Drg0RcH*RtHRrh>vXtxD.yS>oDtCd


tJ.vdmuGHvdmo;*hRr;vDRI weHRwcD.M.ySR’Drg0RcH*RtHRvJR0Jqlck;ylR
’D;rk>[g’D;[JuhR0JvDRI zJt[JuhRvXusJtcguG>pdCDRt[H.bl;uwkR’D;
t0RwJtRD < ?rk.yS>{X< uhRymeJvX[H.’D;zDt.D whRtD.ymw>< rhr>h ,JwcD
,uvJRqlwuGHusg’D;bhympXRv.vXyubd.tD.rhRcJrk>qh.t*D>I/

trgwcDuRh 0Jqtl [H.’D;zDt.D whRtD.ymw>0HRbk.vDRxd.q.< qDq.<


xd.’h.q.0HR’D;td.cd;uG>v>t0Rtcd.vDRI b.q.t0RwcDw[JuhR
yX>xD.b.I t0Jc;d t0Rtcd.’Dw[gngvDRI wkRvXrk>[g’D;t0JwtD.rhR

6
vXRb.I rk>qh.xD.*DR*DRM.t0JvJRqltrk>*>tzgwH>td.’fod;uvJRCk
uhRt0RvDRI t0JvRJ 0Jqw
l uGu
H sg’D;Ckt0Rwb.b.< wxH.0Jb.I t0J
vJRvDRqlxHusdzd’D;zJtvJRvXusJtcgxH.uhR0Jt0RtzsD.cH’D;[D.[h
o;0JvRD I vJRu’D;qltrJmngwpJ;’D;xH.uhR0Jt0RtqhuR< t’D’;D xX.
tCdt0J[D.0J’d.M>tgM>tvD>M.vDRI

zJM.tcgb.0JvX’D;wug[;Ckt.D tq.tzXrk>M.vDRI ‘D;pH;0J< ?ySRvX


trRtXrRe;’D;tD.,0R{XrRtXrRe;ph>uD;,R’D;tD.ph>uD;,Rwuh>I/
zJt0RoHo’.tDRtcgt0Jtd.’D;t[k;to;M>,J>vgvHvDRI t0J[H’D;
ymCmt0RtxX.’D;t’Dwz.M.vDRI

wkRrh>t’Xtrk>tvgb.’D;qH;p>xD.tzdw*RvDRI tzdtRH rh>vXtydmcGg


tCd,k>M>0JtrHRvXpDRoh.v.bDvDRI trk>*>zgwH>tJ.b.tDR’D;u[k
u,mtDR*hR’d.r;M.vDRI wkRrh>pDRoh.v.bDzdtHR’d.xD.0JwpJ;b.w
pJ;< wkRrh>to;td.,J>eH>tcgt0JoHuG>trd< ?rdrd{X< ygygvJRzJvJ./
‘D;trd>wcDvXw>o;wrkmb.tylRwJb.tzdcGgvX< ?ey>wtd.vXR
b.I/

wkRrh>zdo.tHR’d.xD.wkRvXto;td.EGHeH.tcg< zJt0J*JRvdmuGJ’D;to
ud;zdwbsDv>v>ySRpH;tDRvX?ySRrd>wuly>wvXwz.wb.vdmuGJvX
yod;yusgb.I/
zJM.toud;zdwz.eD[;xD.tDRvXw>*JRvdmuGJtvD>’D;ySRw*Rr;w
o;unDRtDRb.vDRI t0Jo;qH;’D;uhR[D.0Jqlt[H.vDRI tCdt0JoH
uG>trd>< ?rdrd{X< ygygvJRqlvJ./
‘D;trdwcDp;H qXtzdcgG vX< ?zdcgG {XeygoHo’.eRvXrdr’d XeRM>,J>vgvHR
vHRvDRI/

7
‘D;zJo.h v.bDz’d .d xD.wkRvXto;eH.td. 18 eH.tqXuwD>oHu>G trd<
?rdrd{X< ygygoHtcgymwh>M>eRw>wrHRrHR{gI/
trdwcDpH;qXtDR< ?ymwh>’.xJ’Dwbh.’D;xX.wzsX.vDRI/
pDRoh.v.bDwJb.trd< ?rd{X< ySRvXttD.,ygw*RM.,uvJRrRoH
uhRtDRvDRI/
trdwcDpH;qXtzdcGgvX< ?zdcGg{X< rRqXw>tXvXw>tXw*hR< rhrh>rR
qXw>tXvXw>*hRwuh>I/
?zdcGg{XrdrduG>vk>’d.xD.eRvXeeD>qH;cgvDRI uG>oHuhRrd’D;vJRw*hR/
trd}wDtDRb.q.wue.trdtuvk>b.I ‘D;pH;b.trd< ?rd{X< [h.
vDR,R’Dwbh.’D;xX.wzsX.M.wuh>I/ trd>wcD}wDtRD b.q.wM>b.
’D;vJR0JvRD I zJo.h v.bDcgvDRtcD.tcgtrd>uG>xGtJ cH’;D [D.[ho;b.
r;to;vDRI

oh.v.bDvJRvXusJcD*mb.0JcsX.wcd.’D;vJRCDR0JqltcD.xH;vDRI
zJM.t0Je>[lx.HG rDRw>vXcsX.wxl.M.tcD.xH;vDRI t0Jx.H 0JvXrk>Cg
csX.[JvRD vXoh.cD.xH;tCdt0Jwt J RD < ?rk>CgcsX.{X< rh>vXrk>[gM>,R
vHtCd,urHzJcsX.cD.xH;weRuoh{gI/
‘D;rk>CgcsX.pH;b.tDR< ?erHzJtHRohI/

t0JroH ud;0J’.’D;rk>CgcsX.’DweR’D;wkRrh>rk>qh.xD.wpkr>k CgcsX.zDt.D


pXRtDRw>< 0HR’D;tD.oud;tDoud;w>M.vDRI zJt0Joh.tD.oud;w>0HR
tcgrk>CgcsX.pH;b.oh.v.bDvX< ?oh.v.bD{XeuvJRqlvJ.I/
oh.v.bDpH;qXtDR< ?,uvJRql’d;wugvXttD.,ygw’kttd.I/
rk>CgcsX.pH;b.tDRvXtuwJb.tDRvXw>vD>w>ust J ub.vJR0Jo.h
wz.M.vDRI ?w>vX’d;wugw’kM.vd.uJxD.to;vXw>ud;rHR’J;oh
vDRI wbsDbsDuvd.uJxD.to;vXueJ< ‘D;wbsDbsDuvd.uJxD.to;

8
vXySRrk.ueDRCHvRw*RvDRI t0Jr>h uGMJ >vGMJ >eRb.q.wb.ue.t
uvk>w*hR</
rk>CgcsX.pH;b.tDR0HRt0JpH;bsK;pH;zSd.rk>CgcsX.0HR’D;vJRu’D;0JvDRI vJR
wkRvXvhwzsX.tylRvDRI ‘D;zJtvJREkmvDRqlvhylRtcgxH.0JuwHRw
zsX.’D;vXtylRM.xH.0JvXxlubs.phubs.oh.wz.vDRI vXtylRM.
td.ph>uD;’D;ueJtgtg*D>*D>vDRI t0J[H;M>xlubs.’D;phubs.wbh.0HR
zJueJ,Rl xD.tcgt0JvRl us0D b
J .q.wb.eDwbh.b.I vXcHuwX>t
0Jx.H 0JueJvXt,lRxD.vXw>vD>cHuwX>wbh.< us0D ’J ;D b.vXt’H;qh
tCdto;rH0J’D;uhRuhR0JvDRI

zJt0JuhRvDRqlupX>cD.xH;tcgxH.pdCDR0JySRydmrk.w*Rqh.eDRvXoh.
zltzDcd.‘D;rh>rk.ueDRvXt’d.w>*hRw*Rb.q.xH.0JvXtpkrk>wlm
tCdt0Jo.h eD.xD.uhR0JvXtusb D .ueJt’H;qhM.vDRI urh>tb.vX
tpkrk>{goX.I ‘D;ydmrk.vXtCHtvRw*RM.uG>CDRoh.v.bDtrJm
’D;pH;0J< ?pD{X< ,uvJRydmecHeDRI/
oh.v.bDuG>CDRtDR’D;pH;0J< ?e0Heeg< etD.,yg< ,o;[heR< b.q.
ewoh.ngvDReo;b.I ydm,cHw*hR< cJuXmeutD.b.zk;,RI/

t0Ju>G CDRydmrk.M.trJm’D;pH;u’D;0J< ?wlmpkr>k {X< ewb.ydm,cHw*hR</


b.q.wlmpkrk>wJ0HRwJuhRtDRwkRtue.0JwuJvXRb.’D;t0JwJ0J<
?wlmpkrk>eydm,cHohoemuheb.[;vX,rJmng/
‘D;wlmpkrk>uG>CDRoh.v.bDtrJm’D;pH;0J< ?euJydmcGg< rhrh>,JwcD,uJ
ydmrk.tCd,ub.[;vXevD>cHoX.I/

zJwml pkr>k wJo.h v.bDtcgM.t0Ju.l tD.0Jo.h v.bDM.vDRI ‘D;oh.v.


bDpH;qXtDR< ?vJRM.vJRwcDwb.yd.w>wJw>w*hRI/

9
‘D;oh.v.bDwJtDR< ?erh>w[;vX,rJmngM.ewb.vJRydm,cHb.I/
‘D;wlmpkrk>rR0Jwb.b.’D;b.[;’.vXoh.v.bDtrJmngvDRI

wkRrh>oh.v.bDuhRbl;uwkRvXcsX.cD.xH;’D;xGH.rDRw>oD.< rk>CgcsX.
[JvDRuG>CDRw>vXusJ’D;xH.0JvXt[JuhRCkm’D;w>ydmrk.w*RvDRI ‘D;
rk>CgcsX.tol.yd>o;0;0JvRD I t0JrXoh.v.bDt.d bS;H td.og’D;zDt.D pXR
0Jtw>0HRtD.oud;0JrhR’D;rk>CgcsX.vDRI tD.rhRtD.xH0HRt0JwJoh.v.
bD< ?oh.v.bD{X< vJRusDymoh.rk.EGHyl.vXyuqd.uJRtDRcJreRt*D>
wuh>I/

‘D;oh.v.bDrR0J’frk>CgcsX.wJtDRtod;vDRI p;xD.vXrk>[gvDRM.t0J
oh.qd.uJRCmrh.tlvXz.uylRvDRI rk>CgcsX.rHvXt0JwuyR’D;rhrh>
oh.v.bDwcDrv H Xt0JwuyRvDRI rhr>h wlmpkr>k wcDrv
H XcsX.cD.xH;’fo;d
’D;uul.tD.w>t*D>vDRI ‘DweRusXRoh.v.bDwrH0b J .< qSx
d .D qSv
d RD
0Jtrh.tl’DweRusXRvDRI wkRvXrk>bl;u0gxD.M.t0JrHoyhRb.to;
wpd>zd< 0HRzJo.h v.bDyX>xD.uhRM.*JRqXxX.’D;uG>rh.tlwuJRvXRb.I
qSxd .D rh.tl0RH uG>vDR0Jqzl .uylRt0JwuyR’D;wxH.rk>CgcsX.vXRb.I
zJr>k CgcsX.tvD>M.td.’.xJw>oG.H wyl.’D;t0Jqu d rd.vXto;uH>ylR<
?w>tHRub.rh>wlmpkrk>vXttD.,ygw*RM.tD.tDRvDRI/

t0JuG>CDRw>qlcsX.cD.xH;’D;wxH.wlmpkrk>vXRb.I zJt0JqXxX.uG>
w>tqXuwD>xH.0Jwml pkr>k [JuRh vDRvXvhyRl vDRI t0Ju>G CDRwlmpkr>k t
rJm’D;pH;0J< ?etD.rk>CgcsX.{gI/
‘D;wlmpkr>k pH;qXtDR< ?,wtD.b.< ,vJRqH.qg,[JuRh ’.cJtRH vDRI/
wlmpkrk>ymrRto;’fod;twtD.rk>CgcsX.b.vDRI

10
oh.v.bDuG>vDRw>oGH.wyl.‘D;xk;xD.t’D’D;usDvDR0Jw>oGH.wyl.
M.0HRrk>CgcsX.rlxD.uhR0JvDRI zJM.tqXuwD>rk>CgcsX.pH;b.oh.v.
bD< ?oh.v.bD{X< e[JuRh uGw J >tHRrh>’.w>egvXttD.eygw*RvDRI/
oh.v.bDo;’d.xD.w>’D;uG>CDRwlmpkrk>tqXuwD>wlmpkrk>wJtDR<
?,wtD.eygb.I ,rh>ySRvXt*hRw*RvDRI/
oh.v.bDpH;qXtDR< ?ewb.orXew>ur.w*hRI etD.,ygwu;‘H;
b.etD.wkRvXrk>CgcsX.M.erh>’.’d;wugvDRI/

wkRvXrk>qh.xD.’D;rk>CgcsX.zDt.D pXRoh.v.bDtw>0HRtD.oud;0JrRh ’D;


rk>CgcsX.M.vDRI rk>CgcsX.pH;bsK;pH;zSd.oh.v.bDvXtw>rRrlxD.tDR
tCdM.vDRI bd.M>0JtrhRwbd.’D;qDuH.’k.wcDvDRI ‘D;oh.v.bDpH;
bsK;pH;zS.d ph>uD;rk>CgcsX.vDRI oh.v.bDvRJ u’D;w>qlng’D;rhr>h wlmpkr>k w
cDzo
J .h v.bDvRJ wylRv>v>t0JvRJ 0Ju;d ylR’J;vDRI b.q.oh.v.bDw
ysJwlmpkrk>[;vXtvD>cHb.< rhrh>wcDrX0Jtw>[;vXtrJmngvDRI

zJo.h v.bDvRJ 0Jb;l uwkRvXpDRyRtEl>wpkx.H 0JvXwcD;xl.wxl.vDRI


rhrh>wcD;o.rHwcDvDRwJm0JvXn.urgtylRvDRI ‘D;wlmpkrk>wJ0J<
?oh.v.bD{X< ,tJ.'d;tD.wcD;o./
’D;oh.v.bDpH;tDR< ?wcd;o.rHbDvDRwJm’D’l.ngewtD.vJ.I/
‘D;wlmpkrk>pH;qXtDR< ?,tJ.’d;tD.vXtxl.cHvDRI/
oh.v.bDwJqXtDR< ?erh>tJ.’d;tD.M.,uvJRxD.M>eRI/

zJoh.v.bDoguvJRxD.vXwcD;xl.cHtcgwlmpkrk>yV>tDR’fod;utD.
uGHmtDRt*D>M.vDRI oh.v.bDuG>CDRtrJm’D;pH;b.tDRvX< ?,uxD.
M>eRwcD;o.< vJRtd.vXupX>oXvl>tcsXCHwuh>I/

11
‘D;wlmpkrk>vJR0JvXupX>oXvl>tcsXCHvDRI zJoh.v.bDoguyV>xD.
wcD;’htqXuwD>wlmpkrk>[JuhRbl;uwkRvXwcD;xl.tcD.xH;tCdoh.
v.bDp.H vDRvXwcD;xl.tcHvRD I oh.v.bDp;H b.wlmpkr>k < ?w>rh>o.
0HReo;M.vJRtd.vXupX>EGHvl>tcsXCHwuh>I/

‘D;wlmpkrk>vJRtd.0JvXupX>EGHvl>tcsXCHvDRI ‘D;oh.v.bDvJRxD.wkR0J
qlwcD;xl.tcHvRD I wlmpkr>k [JuRh qlwcD;xl.cD.xH;trJvRD pJRtcDvRD pJR
’fod;utD.oh.v.bDt*D>vDRI ‘D;oh.v.bDudvDR0JwcD;o.’D;xk;
xD.uhR0JtcsH0HRxd.qH;vDRto;’D;td.0JvXwcD;o.tudylR0HRxd.vDR
wJmto;vXn.urgylRvDRI wlmpkr>k wcDwxH.oh.v.bDvXRb.< zJM.
t0JvRJ vDR0Jqpl RD yRtxHq.ylR’D;vd.uJx.D to;vXySRrk.ueDRCHvR
w*RvDRI zJM.b.vXpDRyR’D;tysJ>tbD.wz.[;uok.uoD‘D;t0J
vJRuG>0JvXtxHq.ylR’D;xH.0Jr.k ueDRvXtCHtvRw*RtCdu>G 0J*Rh
b.trJm’D;uhRuGJ0JqlteDylRvDRI p;xD.zJM.wlmpkrk>[;tD.ySRo0Dzdud;
rk>eHR’J;vDRI b.weHReHRM.t0JvJRtD.w>vXpDRyRteDx;cD’D;b.weHR
eHRM.t0JvRJ tD.w>vXpDRyRteDvmcDvRD I ‘D;rR0J’Mf .weHR0HRweHR’D;ySR
o0Dzdoh.wz.vDRpSR0J’.uU>uU>M.vDRI

b.weHRM.pDRyR’D;tysJ>tbD.oh.wz.uGJvdmto;’fod;tu[;u
ok.t*D>vDRI ‘D;t0JuGJph>uD;teD>yRrk.vDRI t0J[;uG>uD0Jw>zdw>vHR
wcgb.wcg0HRvJRuG>ph>uD;w>vXn.urgvDRI wlmpkr>k wcDo.h ng0JvX
oh.v.bDtHRtd.vXn.urgtHRt[XzXylRtCdt0JwJb.tup>
pDRyR’fo;d turRtD.pXRtDRvXn.wurgtHRt*D>vDRI rhr>h pDRyRwcDw
oh.ng0JvXtrguJw>egb.I ‘D;t0J wJb.tysJ>tbD.oh.wz.vXu
wDoH;tD.pXRtrgvXn.wurgtHRt*D>vDRI zJt0Joh.rRM>n.tcg
wlmpkrk>rRM>n.wz.’D;zSJ;vDR0Jn.wz.t[XzXud;bh.’J;b.q.w

12
xH.b.oh.v.bDb.I zJt0Joh.wDoH;tD.xHtqXuwD>zHrk.urJw
*Rcd;’d;vDRtoUc.d ’D;tw>[JvRD M>tDRvXn.z;’d.wbdvRD I vXw>ol.
cko;cktylRt0JuRh 0JcVcVqlt[H.’D;udvRD 0Jn.wbh.t[XzXylR’D;xH.
0JvXwcD; o.wzsX.’D;vXwcD;o.tylRwcDtd.’D;zdo.ydmcGg w*RvDRI
‘D;oh.v.bDuG>CDRzHrk.urJtrJm’D;pH;0J< ?rRrhcV/
‘D;zHrk.urJpH;b.oh.v.bDvX< ?w>vHRzd{X< b.rEkRe[Jtd.zJtHR
vJ.I/
oh.v.bDpH;b.zHrk.urJ< ?0Ho;plRymclol.,RrhcVcJuXmwlmpkrk>u
[JcsK;M>,R/

zHrk.urJwrR,HmrReD>to;b.< t0JvJRym0J’.wcd;o.wzsX.M.vX
od.uGD.tylR’D;0mbX0JvXbkbh.’D;[JuhR0Jqlt[H.vD>cHvDRI 0HRusDvDR
0Jtn.z;’d.M.vDRI zJtusv D RD n.tqXuwD>wlmpkr>k [J0’J ;D pH;0J< ?eud
vDRen.t[XzXylRexH.w>wrHRrHR{gI/
zHrk.urJpH;tDRvX< ?,wxH.w>eDwrHRb.< ,xH.’.xJn.tth.’D;
toGH.wz.M.vDRI erh>wemevJRuG>n.tySHmoh.wz.td.vXwuHR
cd.M.I/
wlmpkrk>pH;b.tDR< ?rh>wtd.b.’D;,uuhRvDRI/

wlmpkr>k uhRtcHw’X’D;oh.v.bD[u J Rh xD.uhR0JvXwcd;o.tudyRl ’D;pH;


b.tzHvX< ?ySRw*RtHRwrh>ySRunDb.< rh>’.’d;wugvDRI t0JrR*hR
to;vXpDRyRtrJmng’D;pDRyR’k;uJxD.tDRvXeD>yRrk.vDRI/
wkRrh>zHrk.urJe>[lb.w>*h>w>usdRwpkt0JysHRw>’d.r;vDRI t0JpH;b.
tzHvXokwwJyRS eDw*Rw*hRt*h>vDRI tzHymtDRvXt[H.’D;t0Jt.d vX
wcD;o.tylRwuJvXRb.I ‘D;t0J[;xD.0Jqlw>csX’D;vJRCDR0JqlpDRyR
ttd.zJwml pkr>k vJRtD.ySRo0Dzt
d cgvDRI ‘D;pH;b.pDRyRvX<?pDRyR{X< erg

13
M.wrh>ySR*hRySR0gb.I rh>’.’d;wugvDRI/
xJM.wbsDpRD yRwJb.tDR< ?eo;vDu, D rgtCdewJtXwJo,D rgvDRI/
oh.v.bDp;H 0J< ?up>pDRyR{X< erh>wemuG>vXtrHtqXuwD>zD.uG>t
cHud>’D;euxH.b.vXtrJ>vDRI w>vXw>egM.trJ>td.vXtcHud>I/
wkRrh>oh.v.bDwJw>’D;pDRyR0HRt0JuhR0JqlzHrk.urJt[H.vDRI

b.weRzJwlmpkrk>rHtqXuwD>t0JzD.uG>wlmpkrk>tcHud>’D;zD.b.0JvX
trJ>tCdoh.ng0JvXtrh>w>egoyS>uwX>vDRI rk>qh.xD.weHR*DRcD
pDRyRud;zS.d tzdtvHR’D;tys>J tbD.ydmcGgydmrk.wz.vXu[J’;D wJb.tDR
vXySRvXt[Jww J >’D;pDRyRvXr[gw*RM.t[H.vDRI pDRyRtysJ>tbD.
oh.wz.pH;0J< ?yxH.tuhRusJqlzHrk.urJt[H.wuyRvDRI/

pDRyRwJb.tchtySRvXuvJRCkM>tDRpDRoh.v.bDvRD I tCdpRD yRtysJ>


tbD.oh.wz.vJR0JqlzHrk.urJt[H.’D;pH;0J< ?exH.oh.v.bD{gI/
‘D;zHrk.urJpH;b.ySRoh.wz.’ftHR< ?tb.w>rEkRvJ./
zJM.oh.v.bD[JuhRxD.uhRvXwcd;o.tudylR’D;t0JxH.0JvXpDRyR
tysJ>tbD.’D;pH;0J< ?ok[JzJtHRb.rEkRvJ.I/
pDRyRtysJ>tbD.wz.pH;tDRvX< ?pDRyRrRvdmeRvDRI/
oh.v.bDvJRqlpDRyRttd.’D;pDRyRpH;b.tDR< ?zd’d.cGg{X< ewJw>tHR
rh>oyS>uwX>vDRI tCd,ub.rR’fvJ.I/
‘D;oh.v.bDpH;qXtDR< ?eub.rXeysJ>ebD.whxD.Cdmx;wuxX’D;
rh>wusXRb.M.whx.D M>tDRCdmx;EGu H xXwuh>I/
pDRyRrR’foh.v.bDpH;b.tDRvDRI
zJtys>J tbD.whx.D Cdmx;wuxXtqXuwD>b.vXwlmpkr>k vJRvk.xH
[JuhR‘D;xH.0JvXySRoh.wz.whw>oD.whwhwdwd’D;t0JoHuG>< ?okrR
w>rEkRvJ.I/

14
pDRyRtysJ>tbD.pH;b.tDRvX< ?rlcd.uvDRySD>tCdvDRI/
‘D;wlmpkrk>pH;qXtDR< ?whM>ph>uD;,RwzsX.wuh>I/
tysJ>tbD.oh.wz.whxD.0J0HRpH;b.wlmpkrk>< ?evJREkmuG>rh>tusXR
vXe*D>vH{gI/

wlmpkr>k EkmvDRvXCdmx;tylR’D;Cdmx;vDRyS>D uGmH 0JvRD I tCdpRD yRwJb.


tchtySRvXuwhx.D Cdmx;EGu H xX’D;}wJRx;EGuH xX’D;urXwlmpkr>k vJR
EkmvDRvXCdmx;tylRM.vDRI 'D;pDRyRpH;b.tys>J tbD.< ?zJtvJREkmvDR
tqXuwD>u;wHmtcH’;D }wJREGu H xXwuh>I/
‘D;tysJ>tbD.oh.wz.rR0J’fpDRyRpH;b.tDRtod;vDRI 0HR’D;pDRyRrXySR
vJRud;M>tDRvXoh.v.bDvDRI wkRrh>oh.v.bD[JwkRwbsDt0JrXpDRyR
ud;zS.d txHzu d >D zdvXteDyRl M.vDRI wkRrh>ySR[JwRk cJvXm’D;oh.v.bDp;H
b.pDRyR< ?euG>uG>eySRxHzduD>zdtd.vXtuvD>b.q.td.wh>’.xJ
wpJ;zdvDRI/ pDRyRurXur.b.to;vXw>*h>t0JtHRvDRI

rhr>h wlmpkr>k wcDto;yS>H xD.w>’D;trJvRD pJRcDvRD pJR’D;ued0C


J .d x;wz.
wuxX0HRwuxXvDRI ‘D;}wJRx;wz.td.wh>uhR’.xJwuxX{dRvDRI
pDRyRysHRxD.w>’D;pH;0J< ?oh.v.bD{X< eurR’fvJ.I/
‘D;oh.v.bDpH;qXtDR< ?wb.w>eDwrHRb.I td.vX,pkylRvDRI/

rhrh>pDRyRwcDtd.uhRwbl.vXRb.’D;t0JwJ0J ?erh>rRoHtDRrRrhcV<
rhwrh>t0JutD.uGHmb.zk;,R’D;,xHzduD>zdwz.vDRI/
oh.v.bD[;H xD.t’D0RH usDwml pkr>k tudm’D;wlmpkr>k vDRCHRoH0zJ MJ .vDRI
‘D;pDRyRtxHzduD>zdwz.o;ck0J'd.r;M.vDRI pDRyR[h.vDRoh.v.bDvX
tclwcDt0h>wcD< Ckm’D;tysJ>tbD.wz.vDRI wkREkRwpkpDRyR’k;uJxD.
ph>uD;oh.v.bDvXpDRyRcH*Rw*RvDRI

15
oh.v.bDuhRud;ph>uD;rk>CgcsX.vDRI rhrh>oh.v.bDtrd>wcDqdurd.0J
vXtzdcGgM.’d;wugtD.vXmvHI cJtHRt0Jto;yS>xD.vHvDRI tzdcGgw
cDuhRuhRqlttd.’D;xH.b.trdtCdtol.cko;ck'd.r;vDRI t0JwJb.
ph>uD;trdvXtw>vJRcDzsdwwDRb.wwDR’D;t0JuRh ud;ph>uD;trd’;D trk>
*>zgwH>’D;tbl;twH>oh.wz.’D;uhRoud;0Jqlt0h>M.vDRI t0J’d;wh’d;
zsDph>uD;to;’D;rk>CgcsX.vDRI td.,Hm,Hmt0JxD.zdedvHRwpdRb.wpdR
’D;td.rkmtd.ck.uhR0J’.M.vDRI

16
*k>vXtvDRurXur.wbd

w>pH;0JvXo0DwzsX.tylRM.ySR’Drd>0Rtd.0JcH*RvDRI ySR’Drd>0RcH*RtHR
tJ.vdmto;*hRr;vDRI t0Joh.td.qd;0J’.vXo0DwzsX.tHRtylRvX
trHRrh>0JrD.x.o0DvDRI t0Joh.rh>ySRzJ;tD.ck;{dRoH.{dR’D;rRtD.pHmM.
vDRI

weHRM.trgw*RtoguvJRvk>w>ymw>’fod;’D;u’d;M>b.0Jtzdw*R
*RvXup>rk>Cgttd.vDRI zJt0JvJRvk>w>tvD>M.td.0J’.’D;*k>z;’d.
wbdvRD *mvXoh.zlC;wusDvRD I t0Jwoh.ng0Jb.qdurd.0JvXrh>’.
oh.zlC;vDR< t0Jwymol.ymo;0Jb.I vXcHvXw>wymol.ymo;b.
tylRt0Je.D xD.to;td.xD.’D;t[k;to;vHM.vDRI zJt0Jo.h oh.ng0J

17
vXttd.xD.'D;t[k;to;vH';D ’Dr>d 0RcH*RvXmol.cko;ckvXuxH.b.
tzdtCdvRD I

t0Joh.cH*Rtd.,HmxD.,HmxD.bl;vXtzdutd.tcgt[XzXqgxD.
0JwuwD>CD‘;D zJr>k eRcgt0RrHr>D 0JvX*k>wbdv.d uJx.D to;vXySRunD
’D;tw>[JvXttd.’D;wJtDR< ?zd’d.cGg{X< eck;wvD>tHRewb.rRtD.
vXRb.< ewb.ul;tD.bkvXck;wbh.tHRtylRvXRb.I erh>ul;M.erg
uoHo’.eRvDRI/

zJySRunDw*RM.wJw>uwX>’D;t0Jzk;oHeD.xD.vXtw>rHrD>tylRvDRI
wymol.ymo;0Jb.’D;t0Jwemph>uD;0Jb.I vXcHtrgtd.zsJ.xD.M>t
zdw*Rrh>vXtydmrk.tCdt0Jo;ck0’J .d r;vDRI b.q.trgM.toG.H xD.
cd.’D;oHuGHm0JwbsDCDvDRI

t0Jb.uG>vk>’d.xD.tzdr.k vXw>zS.D w>,mtylRvDRI wkRrh>tzdr.k rk.


ueDRxD.wbst D 0Jto;yS>xD.w>qgtD.tDR’D;oH0’J .ph>uD;M.vDRI vXcH
tzdrk.w*RtHRb.vJRtd.uhRvXtrk>*>zgwH>tod;vDRI w>ydmrk.
zdw*RtHRtrHRrh>0JeD>*XRvDRI eD>*XRM.rh>’.*k>wbdCDvXtygrHrD>M>0J’D;
[Jv.d xD.to;vXtrd>[XzXylRzJtrd>vJRvk>w>tqXuwD>M.vDRI qX
uwD>ylRuGHm,HmxD.’D;eD>*XRw*Rtrk>*>zgwH>’d;wh’d;zsDtDR’D;ySRydmcGg
vXt’d.w>*hR< b.ydmcGgw*RvXtuvk>tD.uhRtrk>*>zgwH>’D;trgvX
w>xlpmH zJ;ck;t*D>vDRI

ySR’Dr>d 0RcH*RtHRtd.oud;0Jxb
JG .xGb
J .’D;wkRtxD.zd0’J .’D;zJt’Xtcg
t0RrRtD.pHmwvD>bl;’D;xHusdwbdvXtrh>uX>*DRusdvDRI zJeD>*XR’D;
t0RrRtD.pHmtuyRM.w>pH;0JvXrh>w>vD>ud>tCdyRS rRpHmzJM.wbl.

18
eDw*Rb.I b.q.eD>*XRt0RrR0Jbl.I b.rEkRtCdvJ.M.wcsK;vX
tvJRrRpHmwbh.’H;b.M.t0Jb.d xD.0J’.ytHb.d < rhRwDR< wuGo H .’D;
t0J0HxD.tCJmtusmzXEkmtud.vXukylR’D;vJR0JvDRI zJpHmtuyRM.
td.’D;[D.uk>cDvXtb.w>rRCmtDRvXysXRvHRvHRvHI t0JvRJ zXEkmvJR
ymvDRCm0Jtud.zJM.CJ;< t0JymvDRud.0HRxkuz.o.urJR0J’fod;t
bku*hR0J’D;okwb.w>rRwHmwmtDReDwrHRw*hRt*D>vDRI t0Jvk>w>zJ
w>vD>M.0HRt0Jp;xD.xlpHmvDRI rR0J’fM.ud;eHR’J;vDRI wkRul;bktqX
uwD>b.M.tbk*hRr;< tbkM>tgr;< t0Jrh>ySRw*RvXto;*hRw*R<
0Ho;plRw>uJw*R< wqd.w>wxkw>b.I

weHRwcD.zJt0JrRw>vDRbSH;’D;rHeDRtd.bSH;vX’JylRtcgt0JrHrD>b.0JvX
*k>’Dr>d zgcHbt
d w>wJtRD < ?e’k;tD.’k;tDyRS w>tgr;< evk>tD.ySRytD.b.
bsJtD.bsJtDtCdybD.xD.odxD.vHI vXngySRvXt[JrRpHmzJtHRwz.
cDzsdv>k tD.ySRwySRJ ol.wplRo;wplRtCdt0Jo.h oHy>S wbsK;*RvHI cJtRH
’kytd.zJtHRwuJvXRb.I yu[;vDRI tCdM.zJ[D.uk>cDwcgtHRtzD
vmM.td.’D; w>xl;w>wDRwcgvDRI vJRxk;xD.uhR[D.uk>cDwcgtHRw
uh>< euxH.b.vDRI/
?t*RwrHRvXngM.rh>vXyrRw>w*hRwb.tCdyb.w>qd.CD.ySR
’D;yCh>woh[;woh< yuJxD.*k>yb.yXRuhRxluwHRphuwHRwcgtHR
vDRI rh>vXt-uX;’D;eRtCdeuM>b.uhReJvRD I erh>xk;xD.[D.uk>cDwcg
tHRwb.rR[;*DRtDRw*hR< vJR[h.rRbl.vXzF.’D;whxD.CDoGgvXySR
uvJRxD.uhRvDRtvD>0HRrRw>oh.eD.vX,*D>wuh>I/

wkREkRwpkt0Jz;k oHe.D xD.uhRvXtw>rHr>D tylR’D;uhRrR0J’*f >k tw>wJtRD


tod;vDRI rhr>h trgeD>*XRtup>wcDzt J 0RrRw>tHRtcgwwJtg0Jb.’D;
woHu>G oH’;d 0Jb.I uG>0Jbs;vDRI eD>*XRt0RwcDt0JvRJ xk;xD.[D.uk>cD

19
wbh.b.wbh.wkRtvDRw0mtcgt0Jx.H pJCRJ *k>’Dr>d zgcHb<d b.q.
tw>wrRtDReDwrHRb.I bs.d uhR0Jqw l >vD>t*RvDRI t0Jx;k xD.[D.uk>
cDwRk tvXm0HRxH.0JvXxluwHRphuwHRcHzsX.’D;t0J[u J Rh pdm0Jqt
l [H.
vDRI zJM.tqXuwD>trg[XzXqgxD.’D;td.zsJ.xD.vXtzdydmcGgw*R
vDRtJ.vDRuG*H Rh r;w*R< t0Jpmd xD.tzd’;D pH;bsK;pH;zS.d < xkuz.o.urJR
w>0HRt0JymvDRuhRtzdM.vDRI

rk>qh.xD.weHRt0J[;eDRvDR[h.ySRvXtw>xl;w>wDR*RpJ;*RpJ;vDRI
cJtHReD>*XR’Drd>0RcH*RuJxD.ySRxl;ySRwDRrRohtD.td.< td.bD.td.nDw
u;b.ySRud;*RvXrD.q.o0DvXttd.ol.vDRto;vXuX>*DRusdt
uX>eHRwz.td.b.rkmrkmck.ck.vDRI cDzsde>D *XR’D;t0Ro;bdtCdo0DtRH
uJxD.uhRvXo0D’d.o0DxDvDRI vXcHeD>*XRw*Rw>qgxD.tDRowl>
uvm’D;oHph>uD;vDRI tzdcGgtd.vDRwJmvXcH’D;ty>cH*Rol.wrkmo;w
rkmb.tCdtzdcGgw*R[;xD.uGHmvXw>vD>tHRtylR’D;[;uGHm0JcDzsdt
td.zJo0DtHRtylRw>o,k>b.to;vXtrd>tCdvDRI rhrh>ty>w*Rw
cDto;yS>xD.zH;wuJrRwuJvXRb.I tCdt0JuJxD.uhRthoh;‘D;ympD
qSHuhRto;’D;td.0JzJzF.wzsX.CDvXt0JbSDxD.0JvXngtylR’D;xkuz.
o.urJRw>vXtzdtvHRtySRo0Dzdt*D>wkRtoHwpkvDRI

20
xG.
H rd>olCRJ usd

yS>’d.,dmz;’d.vXySRwvJRwkRnDE>k td.0J’.wbh.vDRI yS>tHRtylRtd.0J’;D


oh.’d.0.xD< oh.vk>’d.ySR› ’d.< oh.*H>vXt*hRuoH.uoDt.d 0J< oH.zdzD
zdrxJ .D 0JvXoh.cHweDR< vX[D.cd.vdRweDR< q.zdu>D zdt.d 0Jtuvkm’D;
vXoh.cHwcDx.d zdv.H zdwz.,lR0hR0DRqlo.h wxH;b.wxH;tcH’;D urJR
pH.pdR< ol.0H.o;qXw>rkmo,k>r;vDRI td.ph>uD;’D;vX>rk>vhw’D ;D vXvh
uql;wcDxrH u l sd,RG vDR0J’;D xHtRH ,GRvDRqS0H ’J rf mJ xHuvRtod;’D;txH
0H.qXck.ord;M.vDRI

21
b.q.vXyS>,dmtHRtylRtd.0J’;D zkto h ;h w*RvXtvJRbSx
D .D tzF.zJM.’D;
uFD;w&gxJw*R{dRM.vDRI t0JwtD.rhR’H;eR,Rtod;b.< tD.0Joh.ol
0.o.< oh.wH>0.bd’;D uGpJ u D eJtpDo.h wz.M.vDRI td.0J’.wbsK;eH.
wbsK;vg’D;zktRH to;yS>xD.cd.ql.0gc.ql.0gxD.0JM.vDRI b.weRzJ
vgzduyDRvDR< w>cJvXmtd.bS›.td.bSD.0Jtcgqdurd.xD.0JvXto;
uH>ylR‘D;ogozSdxD.0J< ?tk>< ,o;yS>xD.,*H>bgp>vDRvHI ,rh>b.ql;
b.qgrwRr;utH;uG>,Rwtd.r;{X>IIvd.b.ySRvXutH;uG>,RvX
pkx;H cD.xH;w*RvDRI tdII,ud>w>*DRw>wuJvXRb.I ,[Ju;DF w&gzJtRH
vX,uM>b.w>tk.uhRcD.uhRcJumd wC.t*D>vDRI tCd< w>xHw>wD
up>uxH.vDRoh.ng,w>rd.M>o;vDvDRu>oXI/ xJM.’D;bH.vDRt
rJm’D;rH0Jrkmrkm’DweRwkRrk>0gxD.wpkM.vDRI

td.weHRzJzktHRwwdmol.ymo;tcgxGH.rd>olCJRusdw’k[JwkRvXtzF.
vDRI wkRrh>zkto
h ;h xH.xG.H tHR’D;eD.[;xD.uGmH 0Jb.q.w[;xD.b.t
rJmngrRoD.xD.tuvk>< bd;vDRtrJ>zsg’fo;d uChun;zktRH ’D;vlRvh.
0JtcD.uEGH>uEGH>< vDRwkRvXzktcD.xH;’D;zsgvXzkrh> ’dwD>tDRb.q.u
wl>0J< rhrh>vXu[;’kvhRwuhRw[;xD.0Jb.M.vDRI vXcHzkweD.[;
xD.tDRvXR’D;’k;td.tDRvXtod;M.vDRI

zktd.rDudmzd’D;qdurd.xD.vXto;uH>ylR< ?,u’k;uJxD.xGH.tHRvX
ydmrk.CHvRw*R’D;,uuG>zdtDRM.vDRI/
zJM.zkcgvDRtuvk>< ?rfeuuJxD.vXrk.vd.bdCHvRw*Rwuh>/
wbsC D x
D .HG rd>olCRJ ust
d RH xG.H rd>oltuh>t*DRvJvmd uGmH o;wbsC
D q
D rl .k
CHvRvDRtJ.w*R’D;wDRvDRu’GHusdmbgxD.zktHR’D;vXtx;cd.wcDwJ
xD.0J< ?tdIIw>bsK;tgr;vXerRbsK;,RtCdvRD I ,uuG>xGeJ R’D;tH;uG>
eRwkRvXerJmbH.cD.cgwpkvRD I zJw>’d.ygy>b.to;M.IIrXp>cD,R< w>

22
vXerX,RM.,urRvXySRJ cJvXmvDRI/ ‘D;zktRH ,k>M>0JtvHRrk.CHvRw
*RtHRtrHRvXeD>w>rk>v>ohvDRI

‘ftygy>rk>v>tod;zdr.k CHvRtHRtd.’D;w>rJmrkmegqX< uvk>uykmvk;<


rRpXRtygvXw>ol.zSHo;nDtylR< vJRCktD.M>tygy>vXoh.wH>0.wH>
’D;oh.ol0.o.vXyS>v>usgud;rk>eHR‘J;M.vDRI wkRrh>t0JCkoh.ol0.
o.< oh.wH>0.wH>M>wbsDohuqSD0J0HRrR’k;tD.tygy>’d.vXw>o;zSHt
ylRvDRI ud;rk>eHRwcsK;vXtvJRqly>S ylR’H;b.M.cGo
J .d cGyJ s0D zJ .F < ‘X.xH’X.
ed< [JymvDRtD.M>tygy>’d.w>tD.0HRpdmxD.tukw’k’;D tCJmwbh.0HR
vJRqlyS>ylRvXuCktD.CktDw>t*D>M.vDRI

b.weHRCDzeJ >D w>rk>v>ohvRJ Ckt.D w>qly>S ylRtcg< vXpDRyRtEl>ylRpDR


yRzdcgG w*RtJ.’d;vJR[;c;w>vXyS>ylRtCdu;d xD.0J< ?w>chw>ySRuwJm
uwDRoko;< ydmxD.,cHyuvJR[;yS>I w>vJRusJtHR,HR’d.r;tCdyu
b.’d;’D;uoh.M.vDRI/
td.rDudmpDRyRzdcGg’D;tysJ>wz.eD.[;xD.uoh.vXtcV’D;vJRw>vDRI
vJRw>u,Hm0Jwrk>xl.’D;vJREkmvDR0JqlyS>wyS>vXeD>w>rk>v>ohvJRCk
tD.w>tvD>M.vDRI pDRyRzdtHRpH.vDRvXuoh.tvdR’D;[;CkuG>w>rHR
vmqlM.qlb;’D;e>[l0Jw>oD.wcg’D;ymw’Xto;vXoh.z;’d.wxl.
tu’kzv D m’D;zJtuG>[k.0J’o
f ;d uoh.ngb.0JvXtrh>w>rEkRtcgxH.
0JvXrk.vd.bdCHvRw*Rcl.xk;xD.0Joh.wH>M.vDRI

xJM.t0JurXur.0J< ?tdIIrh>yS>,dmxJxJtHRngrh>rwRw*Rutd.0J
vJ.I rh>w>wC.wcD{g< w>eg{gI/ xJM.wbsDt0JuUCDRuvHRqltw>
chw>ySRttd.< wbsC
D [
D u
J 0DRCmrk.vd.bdCv
H RtHR’D;uCh>0Jt*D>wdzsd
0JwohwnDtCdvXw>ysHRw>ued;upkmtylRChun;0J< ?0Ho;plRwb.

23
rRoH,Rw*hR< okrh>rRoH,RySRvXuvk>tD.uhR,ygy>wtd.b.’D;
,ygy>uvDR’doHb.zk;II0Ho;plRysJ,uhRb.ql,ygy>ttd.wuh>I/
xJM.wbsDpRD yRzdcgG wJx.D 0J< ?wb.ysHRySRw*hR< ywrRoHeRb.I uhR’k;
eJ.ySRvXetd.qd;w>tvD>wuh>I/

zJM.eD>w>rk>v>ohtRH uhR0JvXngzJvXto;ylRpH.r;jyL;jyL;‘D;vXtrJmcsH
ylRwcDrmJ xHvRD q+0v
J Xtbd;yRcHcv D XmtvdR’D;xGguhR0JvXtpkuykmvk;
wz.’D;b.,d.0JvXySRurRoHtRD ’D;uG>u’guhRtvD>cHM.vDRI wkRt0J
oh.uhRwkR’D;EkmvDRqlz.F ylRtcgxH.CDRzkto h ;h 'D;wDRvDR0JvXtrJmng’D;
qX*hRqX0gzkM.vDRI zkph>uD;qX*hRqX0gpDDRyR'ftHR< ?rfpDRyRrl0Jwuh>I
w>‘d.pDRyR{X< w>vd.td.’D;eR’fvJ.I/
?,[J[;vlRc;w>rHRvmb.q.wxH.w>rHRvmeDwrHRb.I xH.b.vX
rk.CHvRtCdw[;vlRc;w>vXRb.I ezdr.k tHRtw>CHw>vRwz.xk;
M>,o;wbsDCD’D;,tJ.’d;vX,uymtDRvX,eD>yRrk.zdM.vDRI tCd
rh>ohe[h.,RvXezdr.k tHRwuh>I rh>ohwcD,uuhRud;tDRwuD>cgvDRI/
zkthoh;wcDw*h>vdmpDRyRzdtw>b.o;b.’D;zsD0JwbsDCDM.vDRI wcsK;
vXt0Joh.uhR’H;b.M.zkrRvdmxGJtzdrk.’ftHR< ?zdrk.{X< rRvdRee><
ue.e0Rtuvk>< ,l;,D.ymuJtDR< tJ.tDR’H;eo;’.eJwuh>I/
0HRrRvdmxGuJ ’D;pDRyRzdcgG < ?,zdr.k tHRrh>wue.euvk>wb.’dtRD wD>
tDRrRqgtDReDwrHRw*hR< 0Ho;plR[JuhRqSXb.uhRql,td.wuh>I/
zkwJw>0HR’D;pDRyRCkm’D;tchtySRwz.eD.[;xD.uhRtuoh.wz.cVcV
’D;uhREkmvDRuhR0Jql0h>ylRM.vDRI

wkRrh>pDRyRtHR[JuhRud;teD>yRrk.vH’D;rR0Jw>whw>zsDtrl;EGHeHREGHeRM.
vDRI ySRxHzu
d >D zdw*Rv>v>vXt[Jx.H b.eD>yRrk.tHRwy-wXR0JM.w
td.eDw*Rb.I wkReD>w>rk>v>ohtHRuJxD.eD>yRrk.vH’D;pDRyRysdmvJvdm

24
uhR0JtrHRvXeD>tJ.wvXtJ.M.vDRI w>pH;0JvXpDRyR’D;trgtHRtd.Ckm
0J,Hm,Hm’D;t0Joh.’d;M>b.ph>uD;tzdrk.zdEGH*RM.vDRI zdrk.wz.tHR’d.
xD.‘D;tyg’d;wh’;d zs0D ’J ;D ySRwl>’d.uDR’d.wz.vDRI rhr>h zdr.k o’gw*Rt0R
rh>ySRzSD.zd< ySRrRtD.oh.rk.vXyS>usgtCdty>eD.[;xD.uGHmtDRvXu
vJRtd.’D;t0RvXyS>ylRM.vDRI ySR’Drg0RcH*RtHRrh>zS.D b.q.tJ.wHRtJ.
oud;< wl>wHRwl>wrSHRoh*hRr;tCdySRtJ.b.tDR&htDRrkmr;M.vDRI

b.weRzJyRS rHrmk tcgeD>tJ.wvXtJ.to;ylRyX>xD.vXw>rd.tD.to;


vXcD.zH;M.vDRI xJM.’D;t0JpH.vDRvXvD>rHcd.vJRqlw>csX’D;zD.xD.cD.
zH;wcd.’D;tD.r;0J0H.0H.bJbJwkRtbsJ;tD.0HR’D;uhRrHeDRuhR0JvXtvD>rH
cd.’fyRS woh.ngw>eDwrHRb.tod;vDRI wkRrh>rk>qh.xD.wbsDw>upD.
[lxD.vXySRcD.zH;vDRr>t*h>vDRI tD.0J’fM.tgeRtgeR’D;pDRyRys>vDR
tysJ>w*RvXuuG>[k.rh>rwRrRw>tHRvJ.M.vDRI vXcHpDRyRtysJ>tHR
uG>[k.0J’;D xH.0JvXpDRyRtrgeD>tJ.wvXtJ.tD.0JtCduRh wJ0’J ;D pDRyR
vXw>uoGH’HtylRw>tHRrh>’.ergtD.tCdvXw>o;xD.< w>rJmqS;’D;
w>o;b.’dtylRogozSdxD.0J’D;[;0hR0DRqk;vDRtcd.’D;vXto;ylRwcD
wJxD.0J< ?tdII,rgo;bd{X< erRw>tHR,xHzduD>zdrh>oh.ngurh>0Jw>
rJmqS;z;’d.wcg’D;urR[;*DR,ol;,oh.,vRuyDRvDRI/

zJto;ylRySJR’D;w>qdurd.ud>*DRtcgt0Joh.eD.xD.w>uwdRvXzkth
oh;rRvdmtDR’D;rk>qh.xD.ud;xD.trg’D;wJ0<J ?tJ.wvXtJ.{X< yuuhR
[;qleygy>ttd.< uwJmuwDRxD.eo;/
wkRrh>trgtHRuwJmuwDRxD.to;0HR’D;’d;xD.uoh.wylRCD’;D t0R’D;uhR
0JcVo’H;qlty>ttd.vXyS>ylRvDRI wkRvXzkto h ;h ttd.’D;wJzsgxD.trg
t*h>tusRd 0HRymwh>uGmH trg’D;qX*hRqX0g0Jzt
k RH ’D;C.w&H;to;0HReD.[;
xD.uhRtuoh.vXtcV’D;[JuRh 0Jq0l >h ylRvXw>o;wrkmz;’d.tylRvDRI

25
wkRpDRyRuhRwvX’D;zkto h ;h wJb.tzdr.k ’ftRH < ?etd.b.*hR*hR< tD.b.
0H.0H.< uluRb.*hR*hR< etd.wrkmtCdzkcgvDRtuvk>vXp;xD.rk>w
eHRtHR’D;qlngrfeuuJx.D uhRvXxG.H rd>olCRJ us’d v f Xngtod;wuh>I w
uD>cgydmrk.tHRtuh>t*DRvJvdmuhRqlxGH.rd>olCJRusdwbsDCDM.vDRI
xG.H rd>oltRH td.,Hm,Hmoh.eD.xD.uhRtzdr.k wz.vXttd.wD>vX0h>ylR
wz.tCdt0JpH.vDR’D;vJRxD.0JvXtzdrk.’d.w*Rt[H.ylRM.vDRI zd
rk.’d.tHRwkRxH.b.xG.H rd>olCRJ ust
d RH wbs’D w d >D 0J’;D eD.[;xD.uGmH 0JvX
t[H.ylRwbsDCDM.vDRI

xGH.rd>oltHRrR0J’H;M.ySJRxD.tzdrk.t[H.CkzsX.wzsX.’D;w>o.0HRt
o;’D;td.’D;tylRvD>’Dw’kngySRJ r;’D;w>ued;upkmud>tlu>d oG;’Dw’kngt
Cdt*H>tbgp>vDR0J’.M.vDRI vJRw>wcDcD< td.bSH;wcDcDvXcHu
wX>[;xD.0JvX0h>ylR’D;vJRCDR0Jqt l zdr.k o’gvXttd.vX0h>csXw*Rt
[H.M.vDRI vJRxD.wkRvXzdrk.o’gtHRt[H.ylR’D;wJxD.0J< ?,vJRql
e0J>rk.Ck*RvXmttd.0HRvH< t0Jo.h Ck*RvXmwwl>vdm,Rb.trJmng
’d,RwD>,RtCd,ySJRr;’D;w>ylRvD>’Dw*RngM.vDRI xJM.wbsDzdrk.’g
tHRrRM>w>uH;nmwbh.’D;xGgolxD.< rRuqSDxD.uhRtrdtHRM.vDRI
b.q.rd>tHRwJxD.0J< ?rdtd.rl’D;eR,Hm,HmwohvXRb.tCd< rdrd
rh>oHM.cl.vDRb.rdzJe[H.rJmngvXw>ysDylRwuh>I/
rd>tHRwJw>tHR0HR’D;to;orl[;xD.zJzrd .k tHRtpk’.k wDRvdRM.vDRI vX
w>o;b.’dtylRzdrk.tHRtrJmcsHySJRr;’D;rJmxH< rhrh>pkwcDzlvJ;zlol0Jtrd>
xGH.tHRM.vDRI

‘ftrd>rRvdmydmvdmtDRtod;zdrk.’g’D;t0Rcl.vDRbgvDR0Jtrd>tHRzJ[H.
rJmngvXw>ysyD Rl M.vDRI w>qXuwD>u,Hm0JCv k g’D;vXrd>tHRt0Hc.d M.
[JrJxD.0JvXzDxl’D;zDphcHxl.M.vDRI zDxlzDphcHxH;tHRySRw*Rv>v>zJt

26
xH.0JM.o;vD0’J ;D *kmus;J pX;xJ;0Jb.q.xJ;0JwM>eDw*Rb.I b.C;’D;
zDcHxl.tHRt*h>ySRpdmw>upD.ql0h>ylR’D;[lxD.0JvXySR’Dyk>0J>rk.Ck*Rt
td.tCdwul>oh.[J0J’D;xH.0JvXyk>rk.o’gtHRt[H.rJmngtd.pJCJR0J
’D;zDcx
H .l vXtzsgCHvRvDRtJ.’fyRS wJtod;vDRI t0Jo.h Ck*RvXm’ftrh>
ySRuJ’.d uJy>S tod;wChtcG;J vXt[H.up>b.’D;xJ;’.tw>wul>oh.
M.vDRI xJ;0Jw*Rb.w*Rb.q.zDtHRwuzDxD.b.trJmngtd.’.
’ftvD>vD>tod;vDRI vXcHt0Jo.h to;wrHtCduRh wJb.ty>pDRyRM.
vDRI rRu’D;weHRpDRyRud;xD.w>chw>ySRwz.< ‘d;xD.uqD’;D vJR0Jqt l
zdrk.o’gtd.w>tvD>M.vDRI

wkRrh>pDRyRvJRwkRqltzdrk.t[H.vXw>ysDylRtcgtzdrk.’g’D;t0RcH*R
wDRvDRvXpDRyRrJmngvXuqDcD.xH;’D;qX*hRqX0g0JpDRyRvX< ?rfpDRyRrl
0Jwuh>I w>vd.td.’D;eR’fvJ.w>’d.pDRyR{X/
?,e>[lezDcx H .l t*h>’D;,[Ju>G tDR0HR’D;,uuhRpdmymtDRvX,El>tylR
vDRI rh>e[h.,Ruoh{gI/
zdrk.wcDwJqXtDR< ?ohr;{XIIw>’d.up>pDRyR< exJ;tDRrh>M>M.rRM’D;
uhRpdmp>cDI/

wkRrh>w>qXuwD>b.vXpDRyRuxJ;xD.zDcx H .l tHRtcgtqdM.ys>vDRt
zdr.k w*Rb .w*RwkRtySRJ xD.Ck*RvXmvXuxJ;xD.zDtRH t*D>vDRI t
0Joh.wz.’fod;’D;uM>b.zDtHRt*D>xJ;r;0JvXmol.vXmo;< uyXR’d.
ued,RG ’D;w>bS;H to;b.q.zDtRH td.’.tw>w[l;w0;eDwpJ;b.vDRI
vXcHuwX>pDRyRrXtzdr.k o’gxJ;0J’;D wbsC
D [D xJ .D r;nDu’.wvXm*H>w
vXmbgeDwpJ;b.vDRI pDRyRxH.w>tHR’D;oh.ng0JvXw>tHR-uX;pJCRJ ’D;
tzdrk.’gM.vDRI

27
vXcHpRD yRud;td.uhRtzdr.k o’g’D;trmcH*R’D;wD.xD.0Jzx D zl pD ch x
H .l tHR
qluqDtvdR0HRuhRoud;0Jql0h>ylRM.vDRI pDRyRoh.ngvXzdrk.t’d.w
z.td.’D;w>ol.vDo;uGH< w>ymxD.xDo;tCdw[h.t0Joh.El>vXw
ul>oh.uyXb.0Jt*D>b.I rhr>h wcD[.h vDRuhR0Jqzl rd .k o’gvXuyXuhR
El>tHR’D;t0Joh.td.rkmtd.ck.uhR0J’.M.vDRI

28
zDoXzd;

w>pH;0J’.wbsyD RS ’Dzyd >td.0J’.vG>H *RvDRI t0Jo.h rh>ySRzS.D zd,mzdvRD < ‘D;


vk>tD.’.teD>cdo;orlvXw>ol.w>zs;vDRI ‘D;rh>ySRvXtrRvX*DRtD.
vX*DRrRvX[gtD.vX[gvDRI rh>vXty>w*Ro;yS>vHtCdzt J y>rR0Jw
uJwuDvXRb.tcgty>M.oh.ngvDRto;vXtuoH0J’.M.vDRI t
CdzJtwcsK;oH’H;b.tcgt0J[h.ymtzdoh.wz.vXzDwxl.vDRI zDw
xl.M.tzDt.d 0J’.oXzD;M.vDRI t0JrRvdmtzdwz.’ftRH < ?okr>h rRw>
wrHRrHRM.rRtDR’fod;od;‘D;td.rlwDwDvdRvdRwuh>I ‘D;zJySR*Rrh>vd.b.
okw>rRpXRM.rRtDRwuh>I/ ‘D;ty>rRvdmt0Joh.0HR’D;w,HmwrD>t
y>oHo’.uGHmtDRM.vDRI

29
t0Jo.h td.,HmxD.,HmxD.’D;zJttd.w>vD>wu0DRM.pDRyRtd.0J’.w*R
vDRI ‘D;pDRyRM.td.ph>uD;’D;tzdr.k EG*H RvDRI vXtusgtzdr.k o’gw*RM.
rHr>D 0J’.vXzDwzD;td.’D;tpdurDRtCdo;vD0MJ .vDRI wkRrh>trHyX>xD.’D;
t0JrH0JwM>vXRtD.0Jw0H.vXRb.< tgoDtgoDpDRyRw*RtHRuG>0Jw>
vDRqDrRto;’D;tzdr.k w*RtHRtCdvRJ oHu>G 0Jtzdr.k o’gvX< ?b.r
EkRtCderHwM>vXRewtD.wtDvXRw>b.vJ.I/
tzdr.k wcDp;H qXty>vX< ?vXtylRuGmH woDtcg,rHr>D vXzDwzD;CHvR
b.,R’D;td.’D;tpdurDRtCdxk;M>,o;’d.r;vDRI ‘D;zDwzD;vX,rHrD>
tHR,vd.b.tDRvDRI/

wkRrh>ty>e>[lzrd .k w*RtHRtw>uwdRwbsC D rD >k qh.xD.‘D;rX0Jtys>J bd;


b.oh.ngvDR0JvXtxHtuD>tylR’ftHR< ?ySRzd.o.cGgw*R*RvXt
CkzDwzD;vXttd.’D;tpdurDRvX,zdrk.b.o;0JtHRrh>b.M.,u
zsD’D;,zdrk.vDRI/
w>upD.[lx.D 0JvXySR’Dy>k 0J>oX*RtHRttd.’D;wkRrh>t0J>w*Re>[lw>*h>
t0JtHR’D;to;wwDvXRvXtyk>oh.wz.tzDcd.vXRb.I tCdwJb.
tyk>vXoguvJRvXpDRyRttd.’fod;oguM>b.pDRyRzdrk.t*D>M.vDRI
‘D;tyk>pH;tDR< ?ygygrRvdmySRvXyrh>rRw>M.yub.rRtDR’fo;d od;tCd
yrh>vJRM.yub.vJR’fod;od;vDRI/

b.q.tyk>Chun;tDRwM>b.’D;vJR’h0J’.zDw’h’D;wJb.tyk>< ?w
b.wJtgw>eDwrHRw*hReuJvX,yk>tCdwvd.ewJtgw>eDwrHRb.I rR
tD.’.ew>< ,uvJR’f,usdmvDRI/ ‘D;vJR0JvDRI
zJtvJRvXusJtcgxH.vdmto;’D;zHo;yS>w*RvDRI zHo;yS>w*RtHRwJ
tDR’ftHR< ?eoguvJRqlvJ.w>vHRcGg/
‘D;t0JpH;qX0JvX< ?,oguvJRqlpDRyRttd.vDRI/
zHo;yS>w*RtHRwJu’D;tDR< ?,uvJRydmecHrh>etJ.ph>{gI/
30
‘D;t0Jp;H 0J<?eb.tXb.oDymd ,cHw*hR< ,ykeRwuJb.I eo;yS>vH< ,
uvJR’.,w>vDRI/
‘D;zJtvJRw>tcguG>CDRzHo;yS>’D;wxH.0JvXRb.’D;vJR0J’.M.vDRI zJt
vJRwkRqlpDRyRteDcD.xH;tcgySRcd;w>zdcH*RpH;0J< ?euvJRqlvJ./
‘D;t0JpH;qX0J’ftHR< ?,uvJR[h.pDRyRtzdrk.vXzDvXtvd.b.0Jw
zD;M.vDRI/ ‘D;ySRcd;w>cH*RysJvJRtDRqlpDRyRttd.vDRI
pDRyRpH;tDR< ?zDwzD;tHR rhwrh> zDvX,zdrk.b.o;0Jb.M.,uxXEkm
eRvXCdmylRvDRI/ ‘D;tX.vDR0JvDRI
wkRrh>pDRyRtd;xD.uGHmzD’Xtcd.’D;wrh>zDvXtzdrk.b.o;0Jb.tCdrX
tysJ>vJRyXEkmySRM.qlCdmylRvDRI

rhrh>tyk>wcDtd.cd;uG>v>0Jt0J>tcd.vDRI ‘D;xH.0JzDvXt0J>’h0JwzD;tHR
tcd.qX.M.w>oG.H [J,RG vDR0JvRD I ‘D;tyk>o’gwcDo.h ng0Jvv H Xt0J>
M.b.w>uDw>cJvMH .vDRI t0J>vXcHw*Rph>uD;to;wwDvXtyk>o’g
tzDcd.b.M.vDRI ‘D;tyk>}wDtDRb.q.wM>b.I ‘D;vJR’hph>uD;0J’.zD
wzD;’fo;d uvJR0J’;D uM>b.pDRyRzdr.k t*D>M.vDRI wJp>h uD;tyk>< ?wb.
wJtgw>w*hR/ ‘D;vJR0JvDRI
t0Jb.d CmtzDwzD;M.vXw>’XwzsX.tylRvDRI zJtvJRvXusJtcgt0J
xH.zHo;yS>w*RvXt0J>xH.wh>0JM.vDRI zHo;yS>w*RtHRpH;tDRvX<
?eoguvJRqlvJ.I/
t0JpH;qXzHtHR< ?,uvJRqlpDRyRttd.vDRI/
‘D;zHwJtDR< ?w>vHRcGg{X,uvJRydmecHrh>etJ.{gI/
‘D;t0Jp;H ph>uD;< ?eb.tXb.oD< ebS;H oHb;S oHtCdvRJ ydm,cHw*hR,yk
eRwuJb.I eo;yS>vH< ,uvJR’.,w>vDRI/
‘D;uG>CDRw>vXtrJmng’D;zJtuvJRw>tcguG>CDRuhRzHo;yS>’D;wxH.
ph>uD;0JvXRb.I ‘D;vJR0J’.vDRI vJR0JwkRqlpDRyRteDcD.xH;’D;ySRcd;w>zd
cH*RpH;0J< ?euvJRqlvJ.I/
31
?,uvJR[h.vDRpDRyRzdrk.vXzDwzD;vXtvDuD0JM.vDRI/
ySRcd;w>cH*RtHRysvJ RJ EkmtDRqlpRD yRttd.vDRI ‘D;pDRyRoHu>G tDR< ?zDwzD;
tHRrhwrh>zDvX,zdrk.b.o;0JM.,uyXEkmeRqlCdmylRvDRI/
‘D;tX.vDR0JvDRI pDRyRtd;xD.uGHmzDtcd.’D;wrh>b.zDvXtzdrk.b.o;
0Jb.tCdrXvDRtysJ>’fo;d uvJRxXEkmySRM.qlCmd ylRvDRI xJM.wbsDyRS
’Dyk>0J>cH*RtHRvJRxH.vdmto;vXCdmylRvDRI

rhr>h tyk>o’gwcDc;d uG>v>u’D;t0J>tcd.vDRI wxH.ph>uD;t0J>[JuRh yX>


xD.vXRb.tCdxH.pdCDR0JzDwzD;vXt0J>vXtqH;w*R’J;0JM.w>oGH.
[J,GRvDRph>uD;vDRI ‘D;zDtcd.qX.cHcgM.uhRpJbl;vdmto;’D;zDtd.wh>
wzD;M.tvdR’D;uJx.D uhR0Jwxl.CDwzD;CDvRD I tCdo.h ng0JvXt0J>
cH*RM.b.vHw>uDw>cJM.vDRI

yk>o’gw*RtHRrh>vXto;bsXtCdt.J ’d;rRpXR0J’.pDRyRvDRI t0Jt.J ’d;


vJRrRbl.pDRyRvXtzDvXttd.wh>wzD;tHRM.vDRI pDRyRzdrk.wcDCJR
vDRCJRvDRbl;wh>r;vXtuoHM.vDRI ‘D;xGJxD.tcD.'D;vJR0JvDRI zJt0J
vJRvXusJtcgxH.u’D;zHo;yS>w*RCDvXt0J>cH*RxH.wh>0JM.vDRI
zHo;yS>oHuG>xD.w>< ?euvJRqlvJ.w>vHRcGg/
‘D;t0JpH;b.zHvX< ?,uvJRqlpDRyRttd.’fod;’D;,uvJRrRbl.tDR
vDRI zDwzD;tHRrh>zDvXpDRyRzdrk.vd.b.0JM.vDRI/
‘D;zHo;yS>pH;tDR< ?,uvJRydmecHph>< oh{g/
‘D;t0JwJqXzHvX< ?vJRoX.< e[;rh>wuJ,uykeRwwDRb.wwDR/
M.vDRI ‘D;vJRoud;0JvDRI
zJM.tcgzHo;yS>w*RM.[h.vDRtDRyvU>wbd’;D pH;0J’.< ?zJerh>tJ.’d;xH.
,RM.tlxD.yvU>wbdtHRwuh>I/ 0HRzHo;yS>tHRvDRr>uGHm0J’.M.vDRI
t0JvJR0JqlpDRyRttd.< wkRrh>twkRqlpDRyRtyJ}wDcD.xH;’D;ySRcd;w>t

32
vD>vD>cH*RoHuG>tDR< ?eoguvJRqlvJ./
‘D;pH;qX0J< ?,uvJR[h.rRbl.pDRyRzdrk.vXzDzdvXtvd.b.0JwzD;M.
vDRI/
tCdySRcd;w>cH*RysJvJREkmtDRvDRI wkRrh>t0JvJRwkRqlpDRyRtcD.xH;’D;
pH;0J< ?,[JpdmM>eRzDwzD;vXezdrk.vd.b.0JM.vDRI/
pDRyRwJtRD < ?rhwrh>b.M.,uxXEkmeRvXCdmylRwuD>cgvDRI/ ‘D;tX.
vDR0Jph>uD;vDRI

zJpRD yRtd;xD.zD’Xtcd.tcgeXrlb.0JpRD yRzdr.k o’gwbsDCt


D .d ql.xD.
uhR0J’;D [Jp.H CDR0J’.qlty>ttd.vDRI pDRyRoh.ngvXzDtRH rh>zDvXtzd
rk.b.o;0JtCdpH;b.ydmcGgo’gw*R'ftHR< ?rh>vXeCkM>,RzDvXt
td.’D;tpdurDRvX,zdrk.o;vD0JwzD;tHRb.vHtCd,uzsDeR’D;,zd
rk.vDRI/ 0HRoh.rk>eHRz;rk>oDvXw>whw>zsDt*D>M.vDRI
wkRrh>w>qXuwD>b.’D;t0JvJRCDR0Jqlw>vD>vXySRwtd.b.tvD>w
wDR’D;tlxD.uhR0JtyHvXzHo;yS>w*RM.[h.wh>tDR0HRzHo;yS>[JzsgxD.0J
vDRI ‘D;t0Jph>uD;td.xD.uhR’D;t’k.t’h< uJxD.zd.o.cGgvXt’d.w>
*hRr;w*RvDRI zHo;yS>wJb.tDRvXogrh>erd>vDRI pH;u’D;0JvXrhr>h ey>wcD
td.vXrlcd.vDRI rh>vXe0J>cH*RwtJ.w>Clw>zd;b.tCdcJtHRt0Joh.
td.vXCdmylRvDRI wkRrh>trd>wJb.tDR0HR’D;trd>M.vDRr>uGHm0JvDRI

t0Jo.h ng0JvXt0J>cH*RM.td.vXCdmylRtCduRh Ch0o H ;plRpDRyXvXuysJ


[;xD.uGHmt0J>vXCdmylRvDRI zJpDRyRoh.ng0JvXySRcH*RvXt0JxXEkm
Cm0JvXCdmylRM.rh>zd.CJtRH t’Dy>k 0J>tCd[.h vDRw>uvk>wuD>cgvX
ySRuvJRxk;xD.uhRt0Jo.h vDRI wkRrh>t0J>cH*RM.[JuRh xD.uhRvXCdm
ylRwbsDCh0Ho;plRuhRtyk>vDRI ‘D;tyk>o’g’k;oh.ngt0Joh.vXtu
zsDto;’D;pDRyRzdrk.o’gt*h>tusdRvDRI

33
wkRrh>w>qXuwD>b.wbsDpDRyRrXvDRtysJ>tbD.wz.uwJmuwDRw>
tD.w>tDtgtg*D>*D>vDRbDvRD rk>vDRI zd.CJo.h ng0JvX tchtySRvXtu
vJR’D;tDRvXtw>zsDtrl;wtd.b.tCdtlxD.0JyHvXzH (vXtrh>trd>)
[h.vDRymtDR0HRoh.cd.qX.0.cd.qX.wz.uJxD.0JvXySRunDwz.
tgtg*D>*D>’D;uJxD.uhRtysJ>tCdpDRyRqdurd.0JvXySRu[J’k;tDRvDRI
ow;’D;rXvDRtchtySRwz.uwDRto;vXu}wDqXt’k.t’gt*D>vDRI

wkRrh>zd.CJ’D;tySRwz.wkRCDRqlpDRyRtEl>CXRwpkpDRyRoHuG>tDRvX<
?okogu[JrRw>rEkRvJ.I/
‘D;pH;qX0J< ?,u[JzsD,o;’D;ezdrk.vDRI/
rh>vXt0JwvDR*m’fo;d vXngb.tCdpRD yRwemtDRb.I wkRrh>zd.CJCRJ
vDRuhRt*h>tusRd wqDb.wqD’;D trHRto.r;pDRyRoh.nguhR’D;pDRyRurX
ur.b.to;M.vDRI wkREkRwpkpDRyR‘d;wh’d;zsDuhRtzdrk.o’g’D;zd.CJ
*hR*hRb.b.vDRI td.,Hm,Hmrh>vXpDRyRto;yS>xD.vHtCdvXcHuwX>
’k;uJxD.uhRtrmvXpDRyRvXuxD.yXuhRw>vXtvD>vDRI

rhrh>zd.CJt’Dyk>0J>cH*RwcDb.td.’.zSD.zSD.,m,m< zSD.vDRzSD.vDR0J’.
uU>uU>vDRI b.q.w,HmwrD>tyk>ud;uhRt0Jo.h qlttd.’D;vXcHuwX>
td.rlb.uhR0Jrkmrkmck.ck.< ClClzd;zd;< tD.uk;tDySJRCkm’D;tyk>pDRyRM.
vDRI

34
zd.CJvXtul.w>oh

w>pH;0JwbszD .d CJ’;D tzHt.d 0Jq;d 0JvXpDRyRt0h>w0h>tCXRM.vDRI t0J’;D


tzHc*H Rvk>tD.to;orlvXw>zJ;ck;zJ;oH.M.vDRI b.q.zd.CJw*Rrh>
ySRvXtcd.Elm*hR’d.r;vDRI weHRwcD.qXuwD>b.vXySRuvJRqS.’lv>D
tCdzd.CJph>uD;vJRqS.’lvD>M.vDRI

zd.CJvRJ qS.’l’;D uG>eD.Cm’lv>D M.vDRI pDRyRtchtySRwz.vJRqS.’lv>D


’D;xH.0Jz.d CJt’l’;D uG>0Jb.trJmto;tCd*mk M>ql.zd.CJtw>M.vDRI
zd.CJteD>up>’.0JcDzsdvXpDRyRtchtySR*kmM>ql.t’lvD>tCdysHRb.0J
pDRyR’D;ysJM>0JtvD>M.vDRI vXcHweHRzd.CJryH X>xD.< rXtzHb.d xD.M>t
rhR’D;vJRqS.u’D;’lvD>vXtoDM.vDRI zJtqXuwD>t0JM.b.zJySRud;
*RzJ;’d;zJ;u.vdmo;M.vDRI zd.CJvRJ zJ;’d;zJ;u.pDRyRtck;’D;wkRrh>ySRxH.

35
tDR’D;ySRxlw>H tDR< ySRwJtXtDRb.q.zd.CJvRJ 0J’.M.vDRI ySRzJ;ck;oD.
0J’.ySD>ySD>b.q.zd.CJqh.eDRtd.bSH;’.w>M.vDRI zd.CJtd.bSH;0HR’D;0H
xD.tCJm’D;qXxX.zJ;ck;wxH.euG>wbl.b.< oD.yd>xD.yd>vDR‘D;pDRyR
tchtySRwz.uG>0JtrJmcsHusd.b.r;to;M.vDRI ySRoh.wz.M.zJ;ck;
wkRvX0.cd.wcd.usD0JwM>eDw*Rb.I zd.CJuGH;xD.tcH< 0.vDRusDw
xH.euG>wbl.eDwpJ;b.I pDRyRuG>trJmcsHusd.b.to;M.vDRI pDRyR
qdurd.0Jzd.CJtHR,rh>rXtuJ,rmo’g’ku*hRuwX>vDRI

ySRzJ;ck;xD.b;cJvXm’D;wkRrh>ySRuhRtD.rhRvXrk>xl.tqXuwD>ySRwud;
tD.zd.CJvXrhReDw*Rb.I b.q.vXtusgpDRyRtzdr.k o’gud;tD.zd.
CJtrhRM.vDRI zd.CJtD.rhR0HRuhRqlt’JvXttd.’D;tzHM.vDRI rk>qh.
xD.weHRySRu[Jz;J zd.CJtck;tCdz.d CJvRJ c;M>0J’.wRCDRw’kM.vDRI
t0Jc;M>wRCDRw’ktCdt0Jo;ck0’J .d r;M.vDRI wkRrh>rk>qh.xD.M.pDRyR
tchtySR[Jz;J 0J’.zd.CJtck;M.vDRI zJt0Jo.h [JvXustJ cgwJvmd to;<
?yrh>[Jqlzd.CJtck;’kywtD.b.w>eDwrHRb.I yuuG>wbDurR0J
’fvJ.I/

t0Jo.h wJvmd to;’D;vJR0JwRk vXzd.CJtck;’D;zJ;oud;ck;M.vDRI rhr>h zd.


CJwcDzDtD.rhR’D;wRCDRn.0H.0H.bJbJM.vDRI wkRvXrk>xl.M.ySRzJ;ck;
xD.b;cJvXm’D;wkRvXySR[JuRh tD.rhRvXrk>qgcDtqXuwD>zd.CJrRvDR
tD.,kRySRrhR< ySRtD.wxH.euG>tcd.*X>b.r;to;M.vDRI t0Jo.h qd
urd.qH;zd.CJb.q.wM>b.I zd.CJuG>ySRoh.wz.M.tD.rhR’D;eHRcl
ol.vXto;ylRM.vDRI

wkRrh>ySRzJ;ck;zJ;oH.0HR< rRbkrR[k0RH ’D;w>’k;td.xD.0J’.vX0h>w0h>M.t


ylRM.vDRI ySR[J’k;pDRyR’D;pDRyRol.ud>o;*DRtCdrXySRvJRud;M>tDRvX

36
zd.CJM.vDRI ‘D;ySRvJRud;M>tDRzd.CJM.vDRI zd.CJ[w
J Rk vXpDRyRttd.
’D;oHuG>0J< ?w>’d.up>pDRyR{X< eud;,Rrh>w>*h>td.wrHRrHR{gI/
pDRyRwJqXtDR ?cDzsvd XxHv>D uD>ylRw>’k;w>,Rtd.xD.tCdeub.vJR
w>’k;M.vDRI/
?rh>up>pDRyR< yrh>b.vJR’D;yuvJR0JoX./
zd.CJp;H qXw>’ftRH b.q.rhr>h vXto;ylRwcDysRH w>bl;tth.uvDRvJm
b.r;to;M.vDRI b.q.rh>vXzd.CJuG>pDRyRzdrk.o’g*hRtCdwh>’l
xD.to;’D;ymtrJmoyS>uwX>M.vDRI t0J[JuhR’D;wJb.tzHvXtu
b.vJR’k;w>tCdtzHtrJmcsHusd.b.r;to;bl;uvDRwJm0J’.M.vDRI

rhrh>vXzd.CJwcDcDzsdvXw’k;b.w>eDwbsDtCdrXySR[h.tDRvXuoh.
w’k’;D rXySRpXxD.tDRvXuoh.cd.’D;ysRH 0HRvJRxD.0J’.vXysv
D g[hvXpDRyRvX
t[JvX0h>t*Rw0h>ttd.M.vDRI cDzsdvXySRpXxD.tDRvXysHRvXuoh.
tvdRtCdt0Jt.d vXuoh.cd.wbsb D s<D td.vXuoh.[XzXzDvmwbsD
bsD’D;zd.CJud;yolxD.0J ?,R< pDReXR’k.’g< rwRbl.,RvJ.I/
pDRyRvXtu[J’;k w>’D;tchtySRwz.wkRrh>wul.oh.xH.xD.0J’.zd.CJ’;d
uoh.vXt[XzXzDvmtCdz;k b.to;’d.r;M.vDRI t0Jo.h Ch>bl;vX
tcd.uxH;vdmto;zk;oHysD>*DR’D;Ch>uGHm0JcJvXmvDRI wkREkRwpkt0Joh.
te;’D;tpku0JRoh.wz.td.wh>0J’.cJvXmvDRI zd.CJ[u J Rh u’guhRwkR
rh>twkRvXpDRyRttd.’D;ymtrJmurS’H ’H ;D wJx.D 0J< ?w>’d.up>pDRyR{X<
vJR’D;[H;M>uhRw>pku0JRoh.wz.M.wuh>I/
t0JuG>xD.pDRyRtzdrk.o’gtrJm’D;eHRurSHxD.0J< qdurd.xD.0J ?pDRyR
tzdrk.o’gtHRwylR’D;,pkngo;eDwbsDb./ M.vDRI

zJzd.CJ[JuhRqlt[H.tqXuwD>tzHxH.xD.tDR’D;eHRurSHxD.0JvXw>
o;zSHtylRM.vDRI p;xD.zJM.zd.CJtrHR[lxD.ogvDR0J’.oukR0h>w

37
z.M.vDRI w,HmwrD>w>[lxD.u’D;vX0h>ylRvXtrh>0JbD.od.[JtD.
wlmySRxHzduD>zdM.vDRI vXw>*h>tHRtCdpDRyRrXvDRu’D;ySR[Jud;M>tDR
vXzd.CJM.vDRI zd.CJ[JwkRqlpDRyRttd.’D;oHuG>xD.0J< ?w>’d.,u
p>pDRyR{Xeud;,Rw>*h>td.wrHRrHR{gI/

pDRyRwJqXtDR ?zd.CJ{XuwD>tHRbD.od.[JtD.ySRxHzduD>zdud;rk>eR’J;
vDRI ow;’D;eub.vJRrRoHtDRM.vDRI/
zd.CJz;k b.to;bl;vXtqH.uvDRvJm0J‘.M.vDRI zd.CJqu d rd.xD.0J
?wbsDtHR’kb.uM>b.pDRyRzdrk.o’gysmvJ.I/
b.q.t0Jwh>ql.xD.to;’D;tX.vDRxGJpDRyRM.vDRI

zJr>k eRcDtqXuwD>zd.CJvRJ xD.rHvXySR’X;wzsX.tylR’D;ymvDRtbDvX


CDuql;< ‘D;qdurd.xD.0J ?bD.od.u[JvXtqXuwD>zJvJ./
rk>eRcDz;zDrk>wkRCDRvHI bD.od.[JxD.vX’X;ylRvHI wkRrh>zd.CJxH.xD.
bD.od.wbst D 0Jued;’Dw*R< tth.vDRvJmqH.vDRvJm< td.vXusRd vdR
wusXRvXRb.I t0JvDRwJmvXzk’gcd.tCdbD.od.zk;b.to;’D;wcG‹
vDR0J’.< b.qX.b.wDRtCdbD.od.to;egyS>b.qJ;’D;bD’D;oH0J’.
M.vDRI vXw>ysHRw>zk;’D;ued;upkmtylRzd.CJu>G vDR0Jb.D od.oHp.d M.
vDRI wkRrh>rk>qh.xD.wpkt0JwJb.uhRup>pDRyR’fod;u[JuG>uhR0J’.
bD.od.tpd.M.vDRI

p;xD.zJM.vHRvHRup>pDRyRb.o;0J’.zd.CJtCdtd.,Hm,Hm’D;zsDuhR
tzdr.k o’g’D;zd.CJvRD bDvRD rk>’d.’d.uvJmM.vDRI zd.CJzsDo;’D;pDRyRzd
rk.o’g0HRtcguhRud;td.uhR0JtzHvXpDRyRtEl>ylRrkmrkmck.ck.M.vDRI w
,Hmb.’D;pDRyRrXuhRtrmo’gpDRzd.CJuJxD.uhRpDRyRvXtvD>M.vDRI
zd.CJuJxD.pDRyR’D;yXuhRxHuD>rkmrkmck.ck.M.vDRI

38
eD>xd.'D.'D;pDRbko.*DR

w>pH;0JwbsDyRS ’Dzv
H RH td.0J’.cH*RvDRI ySR’Dzv
H RH cH*RtHRrRvX*DRtD.vX
*DRrRvX[gtD.vX[gM.vDRI ‘D;zd.CJtzHwJtDR< ?zHvHR{X< zJ;tD.ck;zJ;
tD.oH.oX./
‘D;zd.CJwJqXtzH< ?zH{X< ebkcsHwwd.r;wtd.b.I/
tzHwJtDRvX< ?[;Ckw>vD>rh>0HRr;oX.,u[h.eRbkcsHI/
‘D;rk>qh.xD.zd.CJt.D rhRtDx0H RH vJRCk0’J .w>vD>M.vDRI ‘D;xH.M>w>vD>
wwDR< ?w>vD>wwDRtHR’krh>w>vD>rkmr;vX,uzJ;ck;t*D>vDRI/
zJt0JvRJ w>tcgw>oD.vXwySmD vmtCdu>G pl.0J’.’D;xH.0J’.w>zsg0g0g

39
’D;vJRCDR0JwuD>cgvDRI wkRrh>twkR’D;zD.uG>0J’.w>zsg0g0gwbd.M.rh>
0J’.vXbkcsHtwJ>0g0gtCdzd.CJo;ck’d.r;vDRI

wkREkRwpkz.d CJ,;d xD.bkcsHwxX.M.’D;uhRuhR0J’.M.vDRI wkRrh>tuhR


wkRqlt’J’D;qDvDR0JtbkcsHwxX.M.oD.r;-u>’D;tzHoHuG>tDR<
?zHvHR{X< erRrEkRvJ.I [JuhR’D;[JuhRupk'krD.I/
‘D;vXw>o;cktylRtvHRwJxD.w>< ?zH{XzJ,vJRqlck;ylRzJupX>t’D
cd.M.,xH.M>w>wcg’D;,vJRvDRuG>’D;rh>0J’.vXbkcsHtCd,o;ck’d.
r;vDRI/

‘D;tzHwJtDR< ?uG>CDRql’X;udylRM.bkcsHtd.wwJ>’D;td.0J’.ySJRw>’X
wzsX.’D;tbsJ.M.vDRI/
‘D;zd.CJwJb.tzH< ?zH{XwJvXRw*hRrk>[gvH< yuuhRrH/
‘D;uhRrH0J’.M.vDRI b.q.zd.CJrH0JwM>b.t0Jqdurd.xJtbkcsHtHR
vDRI ogrh>vJRzJ;ck;< ogurR’fM.’fM.0HRoguxd.vDR0HRogutd.cd;vX
’JylRvDRI ‘D;ogucd;wkRto.*DRwpkM.vDRI zd.CJqdrd.qdrd.w>’D;rH0J
wM>b.wkRvXrk>0gM>tDRwpkvDRI ‘D;zd.CJ*JRxX.ys>rJmys>eg< *JRxX.
zDrRh < tD.rhR< bd.xD.rhRbd.xD.xH0RH 0Hx.D txX.’D;vJR0J’.M.vDRI vJR
w>’D;vJR0JwkRvXw>vD>vXtuzJ;0JM.vDRI zJM.w>rRto;vXySRtd.
vXrlc.d w*R[JvRD ’D;pH;b.zd.CJ<?erh>tJ.,RM.,urRpXReRM.vDRI/

zd.CJrRwohvXRb.’D;b.tX.vDR0JvRD I ‘D;vXwzs;rJmtwD>ylReD.oh.
wz.[gr>0JpzD uh vhR’D;ySRrlc.d zdp>h uD;[gr>0J’.M.vDRI t0Jo.l cko;ck’;D
CDM>0J’.rSgbd0HRol.vDR0J’.bkM.vDRI wkRrh>w>plRvDR’D;bkzdwz.[JrJ
xD.0J’.vgvgM.vDRI zd.CJo;ck’d.r;vDRI zd.CJtd.vX’JylR’D;td.ph>
uD;’D;we>wzsX.< ‘D;vXwe>tuyRM.uGJ;vDR0J’.ySRrHRwzsX.vXt

40
rh>0JpRD bko.*DRvDRI t0J[;H M>twe>< ‘hx.D 0J’;D tk.xD.0J’.xgzdwzsX.
’ftRH <
w}uJ>}uJ>}uJ>
vhvv h v h h
w}uD>}uD>}uD>
eD>xd.’D.pDRbko.*DR
tk.xD.0J’.’fM.0HR’D;tzHwt J RD < ?w>vHRcGg{XvXwe>uyRM.ySRuG;J vDR
w>rEkRvJ.I/
‘D;tvHRwJqXtDR< ?ySRuGJ;vDR0J’.pDRbko.*DR/
’D;tzHwJtDR< ?ySRuGJ;vDRpDRbko.*DR{g< w>vHR{Xrh>’.erHRvDRI/
‘D;oHuG>u’D;0JtzH< ?zH{X,o;0H.w>tHReoh.ngtcDynD{g/
’D;tzHwJtDR< ?eD>xd.’D.M.rh>0J’.pDRyRvXrlcd.tzdrk.vDRI/
?,o;0H.w>tHRrh>te>[l0J{gzH/
?e>[l0JvDRI/
‘D;tzHwJtDR< ?eol.vDRbkew>rJxD.vg[h*hRr;vDRI/
wJM>u’D;tzH< ?vJRusDysDumHG eD.rD.,ol.vDRM>eR0HRvH< evJRusDysDr>h w
rkm’D;0HRvDRI/
?wvd.vXeub.od.,Rb.< -uX;vX,ub.od.eRwcDvDRI/
‘D;zd.CJtzH[H;xD.CJm’D;vJRusDysDuGHmeD.vDRI usD0JeD.’D;td.wh>xJbk
wrHRvXck;tylRvDRI ‘D;tzHuhR0J’.qlo0DylRM.vDRI pDRbko.*DRtd.wh>
vX’J’D; wkRrh>w>uX.xD.to;wbsD[HxD.0Jwe>’D;tH.tko;0H.xD.
0J’.’fto;0H.0JvXngtod;vDRI
w}uJ>}uJ>}uJ>
vhvv h v h h
w}uD>}uD>}uD>
eD>xd.’D.pDRbko.*DR

41
wkREkRwpkeD>xd.’D.e>[l0J’D;wJb.tyk>< ?yuvJRvDRql[D.cd.vDRI/
tyk>wJtDR< ?eD{XytJ.’d;vJRvDRz;,HmvH< yuvJRvDReD./

‘D;tyk>uwJmuwDRxD.w>tD.w>tD’;D vJRvDR0J’.vXpDRbko.*DRttd.M.
vDRI ‘D;pDRbko.*DRwymol.ymo;0Jb.< td.0J‘.upk’kxJw*R{dRvDRI
wkRrh>pDRbko.*DRxH.pdCDReD>xd.’D.’D;tyk>[JvDRtCdt0Joh.eD.xD.
uhRtzHtw>uwdRvXtpH;0JeD>xd.’D.M.rh>0JpDRyRvXrlcd.tzdrk.tCd
t0JysRH w>’d.r;M.vDRI eD>xd.’D.wJtRD < ?wb.ysRH w>w*hR,rh>’.ySRvX
to;unDRw>ohw*RvDRI/
‘D;zd.CJM.to;ql.xD.uhR0J’.vDRI tD.oud;tDoud;0J< wJeHRwJth
w>’D;tyk>rk.w*RxH.ur.tDR’D;pH;b.pDRbko.*DRvX< ?eub.zsDe
o;’D;,eDvDRI/

vXw>woh.ngw>eDwrHRtylRuhRud;vDR0J’.ty>’D;whzs0D 0J RH ’D;ty>uhR
xD.uhR0J’.qlrcl .d vDRI rhr>h tyk>wcDt.d wh>uhR0J’.’D;t0J>M.vDRI td.
,HmxD.,HmxD.’D;pDRbko.*DR’D;trgtzdtd.w*R’D;b.vXtydmcGgvDRI
trgwJtDR< ?ytd.vX[D.cd.csXCHtHRytd.bsJvH< uhRtd.uhRvX,y>
ttd./ ‘D;t0RtX.vDRtDRtCduhRxD.oud;0J’.qlrlcd.M.vDRI uhR
td.b.0J’X;z;’d.vX0h>CHvRwzsX.tylR< td.0J’.wbsK;ywD>vDRI rhr>h
wdRwcDrh>0JwdRxlwdRphM.vDRI t0Joh.td.zJM.,HmxD.,HmxD.’D;tzd
cGgph>uD;zd.o.cGgxD.0J’.M.vDRI tzdcGgwJb.trd< ?rd{XcJtHRM.,u
[;vdmuGJwbsD< ,tJ.’d;vXeu[h.,RtcGJ;wEGHcHEGHvDRI/
trd>tX.vDR’D;wJb.tDR< ?wb.[;egpdRw*hReD.< euoHb.zk;< [;*hR
*hReD./
’D;tzdcgG M.[;0J’.vDRI zJt0J[;tcgvJR’D;b.o*X>0J’;D 0h>w0h>’D;xH.0J
vXpDRyRtzdr.k o’gw*R[JvRD vk.xH’;D &RvDRtcd.ql.’D;t0Ju>G pd0’J .d

42
w>*hR’d.r;’D;wbsDCDvJRCDR0J’D;ChtJ.0J’.M.vDRI w>ydmrk.w*RM.rR
0Jwoh’;D tX.vDRtDRtCduRh uGt J RD qltrd>ty>ttd.vDRI

wkRrh>trd>xH.xD.tzdcgG wbsC D ’D ;D ol.cko;ck0’J .’D;xH.b.t’J.tCdb;d


b.&RvDRw>*h>vXcJr>k qh.,uzsD,zdcgG ’D;urRbl.EGeH RH EGeH RM.vDRI wkR
EkRwpkyRS ’dvRD us>D ye>’D;zsu
D Rh 0JtzdcgG ’D;tD.rl;tD.yG<J vXw>Clw>zd;tylR<
td.rkmqd;yXR< xD.zdedvHR< td.rkmtd.ck.’D;ol.zSHo;nDvXw>whw>zsDt
ylRtHRvDRI

43
zHz{
H Xys>yw>ur.wuh>

vXweDo&H.xHusu d mG cHM.o0Dq;H qH;zdt.d ol.vDRto;wzsX.vDRI o0D


tHRtd.bl;’D;upX>z;’d.wzsX.vXySR’lzo d 0Dzzd MJ .wz.ud;tDRvXupX>’d.
M.vDRI MqX.tw>b.whCHvRvXxk;M>eo;cJvXmtd.ySJRr;vXupX>
tHRtvdR< xd.zdvH.zdyS›RoD.vDRo,k>r;< xHusdzdtxHqSH,GRvDRvX
upX>uql;< uvHRzdtlqltHRqlEkRuzDvDzdrRrkmySRvXtvJR[;zJM.w
z.to;‘d.r;M.vDRI w>o,k>ondvXtwwkRtd.eReDwbsDuwkRtd.
eRzJevJR[;qlupX>tHRtvdRM.vDRI

vXo0DylRwcDo0Dzdwz.rh>ySRvXtrRuvk>tD.upk’funDtvk>tv>
td.0Jtod;vDRI ‘D;vXo0DtRH tylRM.zHo;yS>td.ph>uD;0Jw*Rtd.’D;tvHR
zdc*H RvDRI vHRzdc*H RtHRb.w>uG>vk>’d.xD.tDRvXtzHzt
J eD>qH;’H;tqX
44
uwD>zJtrd>ty>pl;uGHmo;0HRtvD>cHM.vDRI vHRzdcH*RtHRtzHtJ.tDR’d.
r;tCdtzHud;M>trHRvXpDRzHtJ.’D;pDRzHo;M.vDRI zdo.cH*RtHRM.vX
o0D’DwzsX.ngtylRySRvXtwoh.ngt0Joh.b.M.wtd.eDw*Rb.I
vHRzdcH*RtHRb.w>oh.ngtDR’ftrh>ySRvXtvHusd< te>uh.’D;[;ql.
’d.r;M.vDRI ySRcH*RtHRerh>xd.o}wDRtDR’D;wRtk;M.uudn>M>wRtk;
wpJ;zdvDRI wbsDbsDeuxH.vXttd.vXoh.cH< wbsDbsDvXxHusg< w
bsDbsDvXuyHmusg‘D;wbsDbsDM.vDRwJmvXoh.cHvXtxD.oh.ql.’d.r;
tCdvRD I b.wbsDbsDt0Jo.h [;’DweHR[JuRh wkRql[.H vXrk>[gr;< w
tD.b.rhRb.qXb.uwD>< te>zdoh.wz.uh.’d.r;vDRI vXvHRcGgcH
*RtHR tCdzHo;yS>tHRto;vDRbSH;0J’.’d.r;M.vDRI vXw>uG>xGJvHRzd
cH*RtHR’D;w>tJ.b.vHRzdc*H RtHRtylRw>b.,d.ySRJ vkmbXuGmH tDRM.vDRI
wbsDbsDtrJmxHb.vDR0J’.M.vDRI ‘D;zHtHRwbsDbsDpl;ug0JeD>zVzd’D;zV0J
vHRzdc*H RtHR’fo;d te>okwuh.vXRw*hRt*D>M.vDRI zJtzHzVt0Jo.h t
cg< ‘fzo
d .tvk>tv>tod;< [D.0JwbDvRD *mr;’fyRS o;uxD.wJmb.r;
to;M.vDRI
tzHoHuG>tDR< ?vXcHokurRuh.oke>’H;{gI/
vHRzdwz.wcDpH;qXuhRtzH< ?vXcHywrRuh.ye>vXRb.I/
[D.0JwcDcw D 0J w
J cDczD t
J zHou
H >G tDRtcgM.vDRI b.q.’D;weHRb.weHR
woDb.woDvHRzdcH*RtHRte>zdrh>w>’ftvD>vD>vDRI

weHRwcD.M.w>xd.[l;xd.*JRb.zdo.cH*Rto;’fvJ.r;t0Joh.we>
yX>vXRb.I t0Jo.h cH*RtHRuG>xD.w>qlupX>’d.’D;w>rd.vJR[;b.t
o;wbDvDRI vXt0Joh.t*D>M.vDR*mr;‘frh>wvJR[;b.vXupX>tHR
tvdRb.M.td.wohqd;wb.vXRb.vDRI tylRuGHmxDbdtzH}wDt0J
oh.vXwb.vJRw*hRvDRI upX>tHRrh>upX>toltySdR’D;yS>’d.,dmr;0J
tCdvDRI t0Joh.uvJR0JxJvXzdo.M.tzHwtJ.b.I b.q.wbDs
tHRw>rEkRr;}wDrRwHmwmt0Jo.h vXuvJR[;0JM.wM>vXRb.I wbsD
45
tHRwue.vXRtzHtuvk>vXRb.I zJtzHtrJmo’Xtcgt0Joh.pdm
xD.0JtrhRbd.zdwbd.’D;vJRoud;0JvRD I wkRrh>t0Jo.h vJRwkRqly>S ylR’D;
vDR*mr;’fw>trkmuwX>vX[D.cd.csXtd.r;zJM.vDRI b.q.w>cJvXm
qDwvJto;vXwpd>zdtwD>ylRvDRI owl>uvmvDR*mr;’fw>cH;vDRvXyS>
’DwyS>ngtylRvDRI wpd>zd0RH tvD>cHw>uyDRxD.uhR’ftvD>vD>vDRI b.
q.w>vD>vXt0Jo.h td.0JM.qDwvJto;cJvXmvH< wrh>vXRtvD>vD>
vXRb.I cJtRH wbsDvXt0Jo.h t*D>vDR*mr;’fw>ysHRw>zk;’D;w>b.,d.
b.bSt D yS>wyS>vDRI

w>qXuwD>ph>uD;,HmxD.vHtCdt0Joh.o.0HRxD.to;vXrhRvH< u
tD.rhRt*D>bk;vDRqlxX.ylR’D;rhRbd.wbd.vJRvDRr>zJv.J r;wJwb.vXR
b.I zJM.tcgw>uvk>vDRysRH vDRzk;’fb.D od.’D;uqDrRH wz.tuvk>t
od;< oD.o-xK;r;vDRI usJvXt0Joh.uuhRu’guhR0Jqlt[H.ph>uD;w
xH.uhR0JvXRb.I wbst D RH w>uDvXmvH< ub.rR0J’v f .J wJwb.vXR
b.I zJt0Joh.qdurd.qdur;w>wb.vXRtqXuwD>w>vDRqDwrHR
rRto;’ftHRvDRI t0Joh.xH.0JvXzko;yS>cd.0gw*R[J0Jqlt0Joh.
ttd.vdRvdRvDRI b.q.zko;yS>tHRwkRrh>twkRqlt0Joh.ttd.wcD
zko;yS>tHRwuG>bl;t0Joh.b.vJRw>vdRvdR’ftusJtd.0Jtod;vDRI zd
o.zdc*H RtHRuG>vdmto;,>cD,>cDvXw>rk>v>vXmtylR’D;pH;0J< ?oHoH
rlrlwvDRqDvXRb.I yuydmuG>tcHwbD/ ‘D;ydmxD.0Jzko;yS>tcHvXt
,HR’D;zko;yS>wcDvRJ 0JvXtrJmngwpJ;M.vDRI ydm0Jzo
k ;yS>w*RM.wwDR
’d.’d.0HRtvD>cHzktHRwkR0Jqled.z;’d.wzsX.tcd.’lvDRI zdo.cH*RwcD
uG>pl.0Jzko;yS>cH*RtHRvXrh>turR0J’fvJ.’fvJ.M.vDRI zko;yS>wcDwkR
rh>twkRqled.z;’d.tcd.’l’D;pH.vDR0Jqled.tylR’fod;ucD*m0Jqlt0>b;
cDvDRI zdo.cH*RtHRcDvDRph>uD;ed.wzsX.M.vDRI zko;yS>tHRp;xD.vXt
cDvDRxH’D;wkRvXed.z;’d.tcX.o;vHb.q.xHwkR’.zJt,D>’hvD>vD>

46
vDRI rhr>h zdo.cH*RtHRwcDc0D q
J n
l gwpJ;’D;xH,md xD.M>t0Jo.h wpJ;vDRI
wpJ;b.wpJ;xHwkRxD.vXtudmbdvH< vJRqlngwohvXRb.I zJzdo.
cH*RtHRxH.b.zko;yS>tHRxHwRk zJt,D>’h’;D xHw,dmxD.vXt*D>b.tCd
urXur.0Jwul>oh.’D;ysHRw>zk;w>’d.r;’D;pH;vdmto;< ?ySRtHRrh>ySR
’fvJ.I wrh>ySRrk>qh.rk>*DRr;vJ.I urh>w>wrHRrHRvDRI/
‘D;t0Jo.h oh.wz.ysRH w>’d.M>tvD>vDRI zJt0Jo.h uG>xHzo k ;yS>tcgvDR
*m’fzko;yS>tHRC.w&H;to;’D;uuG>CDRw>qlt0Joh.ttd.tCdvX
w>ysHRw>zk;tylRt0Jo.h ,lRvDRxHr>h vXtb.,d.0JvXzko;yS>uxH.t
0Joh.tCdvDRI

w>vDRqDrRu’D;to;wrHRu’D;vHI zJt0Joh.,lRvDRxHtcgo0Joh.e>
[lw>uvk>oD.vDRysHRvDRzk;vXxHvm< vDR*mr;’fySRursX>vXtuv;
tuvk>oD.vDRu[kunD>< oD.vDR*m‘fySR*h>vdmbSDvdmo;tuvk>M.
vDRI ‘D;zdo.cH*RtHRwkRrh>t[JuhRxD.uhRvXxHvmtcgwxH.vXRzk
o;yS>tHRb.I zdo.zdc*H RtHRoHu>G vdmto;w*R’D;w*RvXrh>te>[lw>
uvk>ph>uD;{gM.vDRI t0Jo.h tw>e>[lr>h ’.wrHRCDvRD I vXzdo.zdc*H R
to;egyS>tvdRM.vDR*m’fw>o;tuh>t*DR< tvGJ>bDbDpJbl;vXto;
egyS>tvdRM.vDRI w>tHRrh>w>vDRurXur.qH;‘d.vJ.I t0Joh.wz.
ysHRw>’d.’d.uvJm’D;[D.0Jwul>oh.M.vDRI cJtHRwbsDw>cH;vDRu’ku
’kvHI t0Joh.ub.rR0J’fvJ.rRwb.b.I t0Joh.oh.eD.xD.uhRtzH
tw>uwdRvHI xJM.wbsDuG>vdmtrJm’D;wJxD.oud;0J< ?wbsDngtHR
’kyxH.b.zHzHohvXRb.vJ.I/
‘D;[D.oud;0JvXw>rk>v>vXmtylR’D;wJxD.0J’ftHR< ?zHzH{X< ys>yw>u
r.wuh>I/
0HR’D;w>vDRurXur.rRu’D;to;vDRI vDR*mr;’fod;’D;t0Joh.trJmcsH
uyDRxD.uhR’D;xH.uhRusJvXuuhRql[.H t*D>vDRI rh>vXw>cH;vDRvHt

47
Cd*mk vdm[JuRh r;0Jwul>oh.vXtcVuwX>qlt[H.vDRI vX[H.wcDw>
urRto;’D;tzH’v f .J M.eqdurd.b.vDRI w>cH;vDRvH< vHRzdc*H Rw[J
uhRyX>xD.’H;b.I tzH[;CkvXo0D’w D zsX.tylR< oHu>G ySRw*Rb.w*R
vXokxH.b.,vHRcGgcH*R{gI b.q.ySRwxH.tvHRcGgeDw*Rb.I w>
tHRw>uDvH< vXtzHto;ylRwcDw>b.,d.b.bSD[Jtd.xD.ud>tlud>
uJRr;vDRI rh>vXw>cH;vDRvHtCdzt H RH qduwD>tw>CkvRH cGgoh.wz.’D;
uhRu’guhRqlt[H.ySJRr;’D;w>ud>w>*DRM.vDRI zHtHRrHvDRvXtvD>rH
cd.b.q.rH0JwM>b.I

rhrh>vHRzdcH*RwcDvJ.< t0Joh.to;ck’d.r;rh>vXt[JuhRwkRvXt[H.
cD.xH;vHtCdvRD I b.q.w>o;tk;vXtydmxGx J .D tcHwcDr>h ’ftRH vDRI
w>tHRrh>zHw*RupH.nD.t0Jo.h ’fv.J ’fv.J wJwb.b.I b.q.’fv.J
*hR’fvD.*hRvHRzdcH*RtHRuhRupk’kvXw>ul.ohtylRvX[H.vD>cHusJwcD<
rh>vXvX[H.rJmngM.tzHu;wHmCm}wJRvHtCdvRD I vHRzdc*H RtHRwkRrh>
twkRvX[H.vD>cHrRh oyXRcD.xH;wbsrD >h vXw>o.0HRto;’d.’d.uvJm
tCdt;d xD.rhRoyXRtcd.vXtcV’D;tD.oud;r;0JrRh yl;yl;uemvDRI ‘D;o;
yhReD.vXuth.bsJ;rhRtzsX.’D;,l>wusLr;0Jwul>oh.’fM.vDRI rhRw
cDt.d wh>’.pSRudmtCdeR*kmtD.,R*kmtD.wbDoyXRwzsX.emuhrRoD.
xD.tuvk>oD.xD. ?usdII/ uemvDRI tzHwcDe>[loyXRwzsX.oD.
wbsDqu d rd.0JvXtrh>o.rHnRD tCdu;d Cgr;0JvXtuvk>z;’d.< ?o.
rHnDR< o.rHnDR< Ch>uGHmz;,HRwbDI/
tzHpdmxD.uhRrh.tl’X’fod;uvJRymb.uhRw>vDRI w>urh>o.rHnDR0J
vJ.< tzHx.H ’.o.rHnRD zgwH>cH’v k Xtrh>’.tvHRcGgM.vDRI w>ud>w>
*DRvXtxD.wkRvXtzHtcd.xHwz.vDRuhRwkRvXtzHtcD.pd;egvHI t0J
o;ckvXtxH.uhRtvHRcGgcH*RtHR[JuRh ’D;t0Jo;tk;ph>uD;vXtvHRcGgcH
*RtHRte>uh.’d.r;tCdvRD I w>o;ck’;D w>o;tk;us.J usyD RJS vkmuGmH vXzH

48
tHRto;ylR’D;w>tJ.trJmxHvXttd.’D;zHtRH ykmxD.,GRvDRb.r;to;
’D;wJb.tvHRcGgoh.wz.’ftRH < ?b.rEkRvXokrRzHz’H t f RH vJ.I zHto;
uoh.z;b.r;to;vXokCd vDRI/ vHRcGgcH*Rph>uD;vXw>o;b.’dtylR
[D.ogwuk;r;0JvRD I zHtRH rRuqSu
J qSu D Rh vHRcGgcH*R0HRvXw>tJ.w>uGH
tylR[H;M> oud;rk>eRtw>rHt.d bS;H rh>vXrk>eR,dmwh>r;vHtCdvRD I

vHRcGgcH*RtHRvXw>rHrmk tylRwcD< td.’D;tw>rHr>D wrHRCDvRD I rHr>D 0J’t f RH


?w>[JplRwbsDvDoD.vDoJ< uvHRrk>vDR’D;w>cH;olr;vDRI wwDR’d.’d.
0HRtvD>cHySR’d;uoh.zg0gw*R[JvDRvXupX>’d.wcDqlt0Joh.t[H.
vdRvdRvDRI ySR’d;uoh.w*RwJb.zdo.ydmcGgcH*RM.vXtuvk>u[k
unD>oD.vDRysRH vDRzk;tylR’ftRH < ?okzo d .cH*RtHRoke>uh.’d.r;< rRvdR
uhRoke>< ‘due.okzHtuvk>wuh>I okrh>w’due.okzHtuvk>b.M.
vXcHwbsDokwxH.b.okzHvXRb.I ttHRrh>,w>’k;yvD>okvDRI/
0HR’D;ySR’d;uoh.w*RtHRuhRxD.u’guhR0Jqu l pX> ‘Dc.d vDRI wkRrh>rk>qh.
xD.wbsDzo d .ydmcGgcH*RtHRvXw>yD>,>vDRuhRo;tylRChun;uhRtzH
’D;pH;0J< ?zHzH{X< ys>yw>ur.wuh>I vXcHywrRuh.ye>vXRb.I/
zHtRH vXw>o;cktylReHRurSx H .D 0JM.vDRI ‘ft0Jo.h pH;b.tzHtod;t0J
oh.rRvdRuhRte>< td.rluhR*hR*hR< ‘due.tzHtuvk>wkRt0Joh.zd
o.cGgxD.uhRwpkvDRI t0Joh.td.b.rkmrkmck.ck.Ckm’D;tzHySJRr;‘D;
w>o;ckvDRI wbsDySR’DzHvHRoX*RtHRvJR[;qlupX>’d.t’Dcd.ySJR’D;w>
ol.zSHo;nDrkmr;vDRI

49
zdvXtqDwvJy>touJmy0;
w>wJ0JvXuD;wzsX.tzDcd.
M.o0Dtd.ol.vDRo;td.0J
wzsX.vDRI o0DwzsX.tHR
b.w>,k>M>trHRvXo0Dvg
vl>M.vDRI o0DwzsX.tHRt
ylRySRtd.0Jtg’Htg*R< weDR
xl;wDR’D;weDRzSD.,m0JvDRI

vXo0DtHRtylRySR’Dzdrd>zdy>
td.qd;ph>uD;0JoX*RM.vDRI
ySR’Drg0RcH*RtHRtzdcGgzdtd.
xJw*R{dRvDRI zdcGgzdtHRtd.
’H;’.xJoXeH.bsJ.’D;,k>M>0J
trHRvXpDRrlt.J M.vDRI zdcgG
zdw*RtHRrh>td.’H;’.xJoX
eH.bsJ.b.q.rh>zdcGgzdvX
to;q;’d.r;w*RvDRI usJ;
pX;rRpXRtrd>w>zH;w>rRvXtrR0Johwz.M.vDRI y>w*RwcDrh>y>
w*RvXttDoH;ql.’D;rlRoH;xDbdzJexH.tDRwbsDv>v>M.vDRI rd>w
*Rb.rRw>vXm*H>vXmbg< ud>ud>*DR*DR< vDRuyXRu0gtd.bSH;td.og
wcsK;b.I ud;rk>*DR’J;rd>tHRb.[;xD.vX*DRvJRzH;vJRrRvXySR[H.ySRCD<
vJRq+.M>ySRulySRuR< vJRzDtD.zDtDM>ySRw>< rRuqSJuqSD[H.CD< rR0J
’fyRS rXtDRtod;cJvXm’fo;d u’d;M>b.usd.phwpJ;wrS;J ’D;ymCm0J’o
f ;d w>
qXuwD>rh>wkRvXtzdcGgzdxD.uFdohM.qSX0JqluFduM>t*D>M.vDRI
50
b.q.0Rw*Rwoh.ngpXRrgtw>uDw>cJu;d rk>eHR’J;pH.vDRvX[H.ylR’D;
[;rRrkmto;vXw>tDrRl tDb;dS ’D;[JuRh wkR[gcD[u
J Rh ’.vXtuElRu
yRud;rk>[g’J;M.vDRI rgw*RzJtxH.0Rw*R[JuRh vXw>uElRuyRtcg
to;b.zS.D ’d.r;b.q.’D;wymzsg0JvXtzdcgG trJmngb.I xDbyd mzsg
xD.tw>tJ.vXt0RtvdR’fo;d tzdcgG zdto;okwb.zS.D w*hRvDRI [H.
zdCzD v
d Xt*kRt*Rwz.zJtxH.pDRrlt.J trd>tHRo;unDRb.0Jb.q.
rRpXR0JwoheDwrHRb.I

zdcgG zdpRD rlt.J tHR’d.xD.0JwpJ;b.wpJ;wkRvXto;td.,J>eH.vHM.vDRI


rd>w*RtHRoh.ngvXtzdcgG zdpRD rlt.J td.uFo d v
h bH .q.uqSXtzdcgG ql
uFtd *D>qSX0JwM>b.I usd.phvXtrRM>wh>0Jwz.t0R[k.M>tw>’D;[;
olvXm*DRuvDuGHmtw>vXtbsK;wtd.zSd.wtd.b.cJvXmM.vDRI rd>
tHRusJ;pX;wl>qgto;’D;[;zH;[;rRtgM>tvD>’fo;d qSXtzdcgG qluu dF M>
t*D>M.vDRI usJ;pX;0JtgeHRtgoD’;D ymzS.d 0Jtphwz.wkRvXtvXySRJ 0JvX
tzdcgG zduxD.uFt d *D>M.vDRI wkRzdcgG zdEmk vDRuFv
d ’H ;D rd>tHRusJ;pX;’fo;d t
zdcgG zduulb.uRb.*hR*hRt*D>vDRI rd>tHRus;J pX;rRw>’D;ymzS.d tph< us;J
pX;yS›RM>0JtzdcGgulod;vXuxD.uFdt*D>trJmngtphvXtd.wD>wqH;w
uh>M.ySR› M>xd;zdw’k< wdmym0JvXubk.M>xd;zdtRH wkRt’d.xD.’D;uqg
0Jrh>M>usd.ph’D;uySR› w>vXtzdcGgzdt*D>M.vDRI

pDRrlt.J rh>zdo.vXto;q;’D;oh.ngtrd>tw>uDw>cJwz.tCdwrRud>rR
*DR’D;rRzSD.trd>to;eDwpkeDwbsDb.I w*DRM.pDRrltJ.trd>vJRrRw>rh>
vXtw>rRtgr;tCd[JuhRqlt[H.vXw>cH;’D;zJt0J[JuhRvXusJtcg
uvHRrk>[JvDRz;’d.’D;oh.u>0.u>< rlcd.[JplRvDR’d.‘d.uvJm’D;oh.
z;’d.’hw’hu>vDR’d;0JpRD rlt.J trd>’D;pDRrlt.J trd>to;orl[;xD.uGmH 0J
M.vDRI wkRrk>0gxD.’D;pDRrltJ.pH.vDRvJRCkuhRtrd>vDRI xH.0JvXtrd>
M.oh.u>vDR’d;b.‘D;oH0JvXusJcd.M.vDRI t0J[D.[ho;0JvXmol.
51
vXmo;’D;Ch>ud;ySRo0Dzw
d z.M.vDRI ‘D;ySRo0Dzw
d z.[JC>h ydmtcH’;D cl.
vDRbgvDRpXRuhRtrd>M.vDRI y>w*RtHRtrgoHb.q.’D;wue.Ckm
w>eDwrHRb.I vJR’.zJtcd.vdRxD.M.vDRI

p;xD.zJM.zdcgG zdpRD rlt.J tHRtrd>ymwh>tDR’D;ty>vXttDo;H ql.r;w*R


M.vDRI zdcgG zdtRH td.wh>’D;ty>xJc*H R{dRb.q.y>w*RtHRrh>y>vXttD
oH;ql.’d.r;’D;wtH;xGu J >G xGt
J RD eDwbsDb.I pDRrlt.J usJ;pX;uG>xGv
J RD t
o;wohzJtoh’D;usJ;pX;xD.uFd’D;rRvdw>zJw>ohtd.‘D;tDRM.vDRI

b.weHRpDRrlt.J vJRxD.uFrd >h vXrlc.d plR’D;usJbs›tCdt0JtcD.wvHm’D;


tcD.zH;tysHRwJmuGHm0JwcDM.vDRI ub.ySR› uhR0JvXtoDt*D>ySR› 0JwM>
b.I b.q.t0Jo.h eD.xD.to;vXtrd>ySR› bk.ympXRM>tDRxd;zdw’kt
CdqguGmH 0J’;D ySR› M>uhRtcD.zH;toDwcd.’D;w>vd.t*Roh.wz.M.vDRI

b.weHRM.t0JvRJ xD.uF’d ;D tuFo d &.w*R[h.vDR[H.w>rRvXub.


uG;J 0Jb.C;’D;ty>t*h>M.vDRI t0J[u J Rh wkR[H.wkRrk>[gvDR’D;[H;xD.
tvHm’D;txd.’H;bd’;D uG;J 0J’.ty>t*h>M.vDRI t0Jp;xD.tw>uG;J ’ftRH <
?p;xD.vX,rd>oHo’.,RM.,td.wD>’D;,y>cH*RvXw>zSD.w>,mt
ylRM.vDRI ,y>rh>ySRvXttDoH;ql.r;tCdt0Jwue.Ckm,Rtgtg
b.I tD’.toH;’D;rR’.tw>vDRI ,rh>uG>xHxH,y>w*RtHRwue.
Ckm,Rb.I ,qXtd.rlr;,J’fod;,wHRoud;t*kRt*Rwz.ol.zSHo;
nDCmk ’D;rd>y>< rd>rh>wtd.vXR’D;y>uuG>xGuJ Rh ,R,o;ylRuySRJ r;’D;w>
o;rHo;rkmtvXtySJRM.vDRI b.q.,qX’D;rk>v>vXrk>utd.0JweHR
,uo;zSHb.’D;,y>oyS>uwX>’fwHRoud;t*kR*Rwz.tod;vDRI/ zJ
pDRrltJ.uGJ;vHmtHR0HR’D;rHb.uGHmto;M.vDRI zJM.y>w*R[;tDoH;vX
w>vD>*R’D;[JuhRwkRqlt[H.vXrk>cH;w>eRusg’D;vJRuG>pl.tzdcGgvX

52
tvD>rH’D;xH.0JvXtzdcGgrHb.to;vHM.vDRI zJM.t0JuG>0JtzdcGgt
uyRtd.’D;vHmwbh.’D;t0JvJRCDR0Ju,Du,D’D;td;xD.z;tzdcGgtw>
uG;J M.vDRI

y>w*RtHRwkRrh>tz;b.tzdcgG pDRrlt.J tw>uG;J wbsDCt D 0Jto;b.’d


’D;oh.ngvDRuhRto;vXtrh>y>’fv.J w*RvJ.M.vDRI p;xD.zJM.t0Jy>D
,>vDRuhRto;’D;zJM.tX.vDRtzdcGgpDRrltJ.vXwtDoH;vXRb.’D;u
uG>xGuJ Rh tzdcgG zdpRD rlt.J ’fy>w*RtH;xGu
J >G xGu
J [ku,mzdtod;M.vDRI

zdcgG zdpRD rlt.J wkRte>[lty>tw>uwdRvXttX.vDRtDRvXtrh>< ?p;


xD.cJtHRygygwtDoH;vXRb.< ygygutH;xGJuG>xGJeR’fy>t*kRt*R
u[ku,mtzdtod;/ M.to;ckwkRwJ0JvXt*h>wohvXRb.I

y>w*RtHRyD>,>vDRuhRto;’D;’ftw>tX.vDRtod;rRvXySRJ 0J< ol.tD.


zs;tD.w>< bk.tD.bk.tDw>< tH;xGJuG>xGJu[ku,muhRtzdcGg’D;qSX0J
qluw dF eH.b.weH.td.’D;w>tJ.w>uGMH .vDRI p;xD.rk>weHRvXpDRrlt.J
tygyD>,>vDRuhRto;M.rh>w>o;ckvXtzdcgG zdt*D>M.vDRI trd>oHo’.
uGmH tDRb.td.wh>uhR’D;ty>b.q.ty>[h.uhRtDRw>ol.cko;ck< w>
ol.zSHo;nD’D;w>tJ.w>uGHpl;uGHmw>ouJmy0;vXttXtoD< tw*hR
w0gwz.’D;rRrkmuhRtzdcgG zdpRD rlt.J to;< pDRrlt.J ’d;M>b.uhRty>w>
u[ku,m’ftqXrk>v>wh>vHtod;M.vDRI

‘Dy>k 0J>cJvXmoh.{X< oky>rhr>h ySRtDo;H b.q.’D;wb.o;[htRD w*hRI Ck


usJvXw>ul.oh’pf RD rlt.J tod;’D;’k;xH.uhRoky>vXusJvXtb.wuh>I

53
ySRvXtwoh.ngw>bsK;w>zS.
d

yrSRH yyS>ol.uho;yS>vXysXRwz.rh>ySRvXttd.'D;w>tJ.w>uG<H w>Clw>


zd;< w>o;unDRySR*R< tJ.w>wDw>vdR< 'D;td.'D;o;vXtuqSDwz.
vDRI

b.wbsDpDRyRzdcGgw*RvJR[;yS>'D;w>rRto;vXt0J'D;tchtySRwz.
vDRz;vdmto;'D;CkuRh vdmto;wb.vXRb.I rhr>h pDRyRzdcgG wcD[;zs;d
xJw*R{dRvDRI rk>b.vHub.rR'fv.J I vXyS>rk>oDxt
d ylRtHRt0J'.ysHR

54
w>'d.r;vDRI rk>cH;vDR,D>,mvH';D zJM.t0Jx.H pdCRD wRolw'k[q J t l td.
tCdt0JysRH w>'d.M>tvD>wuh>vDRI oemuhwRolwcDwRk rh>txH.pDRyR
zdcgG 'D;o;unDRb.tDR'D;oHu>G tDR< ?erRrEkRzJtRH vJ.I/ pDRyRzdcgG wcDp;H
b.tDRvXt[;zsd;< vDRz;'D;twHRoud;wz.CkvdmuhRto;wb.
vXRb.I 'D;wRolpH;b.tDR< ?eurHvXyS>rk>oDxdtylRtHRrh>w>ysHRw>
b.,d.tvD>vDRI tCdcJtHR[JxD.ql,ysd>tvdR< ,uykxD.eRqloh.
cH'D;yurHzJM.vDRI/
0HRwRolM.ykx.D pDRyRzdcgG 'D;wkRtwkRvXoh.cHwbsw D Rolp;H b.u'D;tDR
'ftRH < ?ytd.cH*RvDRtCdyrh>rHw*R'D;yub.td.cd;qd;oDw>w*R'fo;d
w>'lw>CdR[JrR'X.ySRokwohw*hRt*D>vDRI tCdrq H ed v
J Xng,utd.
cd;w>vDRI/
pDRyRzdcGgM.rH'D;rhrh>wRolwcDzJttd.cd;w>tcgbD.od.w'k[JyX>xD.<
uG>xD.w>'D;xH.CDRwRol'D;oHuG>0J< ?erRw>rEkRvJ.I/
'D;wRolpH;b.tDR< ?,cd;w>vDRI/
bD.od.oHuG>u'D;< ?ecd;rwRvJ.I/
wRolpH;qXtDR< ?,cd;ySRunDvDRI/
bD.od.pH;b.tDR< ?w>vXySRunDM.erRbsK;tDRoemuhtbsK;wtd.
b.I yrSRH yyS>pH;0Jw>te>zk.< w>cD.cHcMD .ywb.o;unDRtDRb.I tCd
eySRM.xlvDRwJmuGHmtDRp>cDI/
'D;wRolpH;b.tDR< ?,wrRb.I/
xJM.wbsDbD.od.pH;b.wRolvXoguwJ,kRtDRvXw>wJw,k>vXySR
unDM.yrRbsK;tDRoemuhwoh.ngw>bsK;b.t*h>vDRI 'D;bD.od.M.
p;xD.wJtw>wJw,k>tHRvDRI

?vXysXRM.ySR'Drg0Rtd.0JcH*RvDRI nDEk>t0Joh.vJR'X.xH'D;vk.xHvX
xHusdtylRvDRI w>rRto;vX vXxHusdcX.o;M.oh.zl[JvDRxGHwzl<

55
'D;vXoh.zltzDc.d M.td.'D;wRtk;w'k< *k>wbd';D ySRunDw*RvDRI zJM.
t0Joh.ud;xD.< ?rRpXRySRwbD rhwrh> yuoHcJvXmvDRI/
rkyS>zkyS>cH*RtHRwkRtxH.w>M.'D;o;unDR0J'D;vJRrRylRzsJ;0J0HR[JuhR
ud;0Jqlt[H.'D;uG>uhRtDR'D;vk>tD.vk>tDtDRM.vDRI ,HmxD.'D;wRtk;
w'kpH;b.t0Joh.< ?rk>*>zgwH>oh.ok{X< okrRylRzsJ;,R'D;w>bsK;'d.r;
vDRI tCdzJ,rRohvXok*D>M.,urR< ,wo;yhReD.okbsK;b.I/
'D;wRtk;w'kM.[J[h.t0Joh.vXw>'d;w>v.wRolwRo.'fySRvXt
oh.ngqXuhRw>bsK;w*Rtod;vDRI

'fM.tod;*k>wbdM.pH;ph>uD;0JvX< ?rk>*>zgwH>oh.{X< okkrRylRzsJ;,o;


orl'D;w>bsK;'d.r;vDRI ,MqX.w'fod;'D;okb.tCd,td.'D;okwoh
b.I ,u[;vDRI okrh>vd.b.w>rRpXRwrHRrHR'D;ud;xD.,rHRwuh>I
'D;,u[JrRpXRokvDRI/ 'D;*k>M.[;xD.uGHmph>uD;vDRI

rhr>h ySRunDw*RwcDp;H 0J< ?rk>*>zgwH>oh.ok{X< 'fork RylRzsJ;,Rtod;M.


vXw>oh.ngqXuhRokbsK;M.,utd.'D;ok'D;rRpXRokvDRI/ weHRw
cD.eD>yRrk.zdw*R[JvDRvk.xH'D;bD.vDRCmt,D>wud;xlwbdM.vDRI
zJtvk>xHtcgvHm}uD-umwbh.,lRpdmuGmH t,D>wud;wbdM.vDRI uqd
urd.0JvXw>tD.oX.I b.q.wkRrh>toh.ng0JvXtwrh>w>tD.tcg
wh>vDRuGmH 0JM.vDRI w>rRto;vXrk>*>zgwH>cH*R[JuRh vXck;ylR'D;xH.M>
,D>wud;vk>'d.ySR› 'd.wbd'D;uhRpdm0Jqlt[H.M.vDRI eD>yRrk.zdwcDvk.
xH0RH 'D;CkuRh t,D>wud;wbdM.wb.vXRb.I uhRqlt[H.'D;pH;b.t
y>vXw>rRto;t*h>wz.M.vDRI wkRrh>pDRyRe>[lvX,D>wud;[gr>'D;
bd;b.oh.ng0JvX< ?ySRrh>xH.M>,D>wud;'D;[JuRh qSXuhRw*R*RM.u
zsD0J'D;tzdrk.vDRI/
rk>qh.xD.weHRwcsK;ySRrky>S zky>S cH*RuvJRqlc;k ylRtcgrRvdmwh>ySRvXt

56
rRylRzs;J 0Jw*RvXucd;M>t[H.< ySRrh>[Jou H >G ,D>wud;wbdtRH 'D;u[h.
vDRuhR0J';D upH;b.0JvXt0Jo.h [JuRh xH.M>tDRvXusJM.vDRI t0Jo.h
rRvdmwh>0J0HR'D;vJRqlck;ylRM.vDRI zJt0Joh.vJRw>ylRuGHmwpd>zdtcg
pDRyR[JCkw>vX[H.wzsX.M.vDRI 'D;oHuG>ySRcd;[H.w*Rb.C;'D;,D>
wud;xlwbdM.vDRI ySRcd;[H.w*RpH;b.tDR< ?,D>wud;xltd.vXtHR
rk>*>zgwH>cH*R[k.M>'D;ymclol.0J< ,xH.'D;cJtHR,[h.uhRokM.vDRI/
ySRw*RwJtd.trJmo.'ftHRtCdpDRyRtchtySRuhRud;tDR'D;ySRzsDtDR'D;
pDRyRtzdr.k M.vDRI rhr>h ySRrky>S zky>S cH*RySR[Jz.D tDR'D;uhRrRe;rRzS.D tDR0HR
'D;ySR'XEkmtDRqlCdmylRM.vDRI

zJt0Jo.h b.e;b.zS.D vXCdmylRtcgoh.eD.xD.uhR0J*>k wbdtw>pH;b.


tDRvXt0Joh.rh>b.w>uDw>cJ'D;uud;xD.tDRM.vDRI xJM.wbsDt0J
oh.ud;xD.*k>trHR'D;*k>M.[JyX>xD.'D;rky>S zky>S wJb.tDRvXtw>uDw>
cJw>b.e;b.zSD.t*h>M.vDRI 'D;*k>M.pH;b.tDRvXoguvJRzs;oHpDRyR
tzdrk.'D;w>rh>wXxD.wXvDRM.oHuG>vXrh>w>rEkRvJ.'D;ySRrh>pH;b.ok
vXpDRyRzdrk.oH'D;pH; b.ok0JvXokrRorlxD.uhRySRoHohM.wuh>I 0HR
'D;*k>M.[h.wh>t0Joh.vXuoH.rRrlxD.ySRoH0HRvJR'D;zs;oHuGHmpDRyRt
zdrk.M.vDRI w>weHRCDt0JM.w>wXxD.wXvDR'D;[lxD.vXrkyS>zkyS>t
e>ylR'D;t0Joh.oHuG>0J< ?w>rEkRvJ./
'D;ySRpH;b.t0Jo.h vX*k>zs;oHpRD yRzdr.k M.vDRI t0Jo.h pH;b.ySRvX*k>zs;
oHtDRw*RM.vXuulpg,gbsgtDRt*D>M.vDRI wuwD>CDySRvJRpH;b.
pDRyR'D;pDRyRpH;qX< ?w>bs.M.rRrEkRuohvJ.I/
ySRChun;pDRyRvXurRuG>uG>'D;pDRyRrXySRvJRud;M>tDRvXySRrkyS>zkyS>
cH*RM.vDRI t0Joh.[JCDR0HRvJRrRrlxD.uhRpDRyRtzdrk.tCdvXw>u
rXur.tylRpDRyRoHuG>tDRvXw>*h>w>usdRwz.M.vDRI 'D;ySRrkyS>zkyS>
cH*RM.wJb.tDRvXw>rRto;t*h>tusdRcJvXmvDRI wkRrh>pDRyRoh.

57
nguhRw>*h>w>usdRwpkpH;0J< ?ySRvX,zsD'D;,zdrk.w*RtHRrh>ySRvDw>
zd'D;ySRwoh.ngw>bsK;w>zSd.w*RM.vDRI/ tCdpDRyRrXySRrRtXrRe;
rRzS.D tDR'D;od.vDRwJvRD tDRpH.nD.tDRM.vDRI rhr>h rky>S zky>S cH*RM.w>ys>
zsJ;uGHmtDRM.vDRI/

bD.od.wJw>wkRzJtRH 'D;pH;b.wRol< ?w>vXySRunDM.erRbsK;tDRem


uhwoh.ngw>bsK;b.I rk>weHRM.urRtXrRe;eRvDRI xlvDRwJmuGHm
tDRp>cDwuh>I/ oemuhwRolM.wrR0Jb.I 'D;bD.od.M.[;xD.uGHm
qlb;M.vDRI wkRbD.od.[;xD.uGmH 'D;wRolM.ud;*JRxX.ySRunD';D wJ
tDRvXw>*h>w>usdRcJvXmM.vDRI 'D;pH;b.ph>uD;tDRvXtw>ol.wDo;
&R'D;tDRt*h>tusRd wz.'D;[h.yvD>ph>uD;tDRvXtokwem}uDw>w*hRph>
uD;M.vDRI td.wpd>zdwRolM.rHoemuht.d 'D;w>yvD>y'Do;M.vDRI rhr>h
pDRyRzdcGgw*RwcDb.cd;w>M.vDRI wwDRzdbD.od.[JyX>xD.'D;oHuG>
tDR< ?erRrEkRvJ.I/
'D;pDRyRzdcGgpH;qXtDR< ?,cd;w>M.vDRI/
?ecd;rwRvJ./
?,cd;wRolvDRI/
?xlvRD wJmuGmH tDRwuh>I/
?t0JrRbsK;,RvDRI ,rRqXtDRvXw>tXwohb.I/
?w>vXwRolM.woh.ngw>bsK;b.I cJtHRM.t[XzXuXtCd*hRvX
ezDcd.vDRI rh>o.0HRM.uth.zSDeR'D;0mzkeRvDRI/
oemuhpDRyRzdcGgw*RM.pH;< ?,wrRb.I/
xJM.wbsDbD.od.wJM>u'D;pDRyRzdcGgvXw>wJw,k>'ftHR<

?w>pH;0J'.wbsDpDRyRtd.0J'.w*Rtd.'D;tzdcGgoX*RvDRI t0JtJ.'d;
vXtzdcgG oX*RtHRuuJx.D ySRul.b.ul.ohtCdqXS 0Jqw l cDxwH cDu>D
M.vDRI pDRyRzdcGgoX*RwkRrh>t0Joh.vJRrRvdw>0HR'D;[JuhR0J'D;zJt0J
58
oh.[JuhRvXusJtcgw>cH;M>t0Joh.M.vDRI zJt0Joh.rHvXrk>eRtzX
rk>'D;t'd.w*R*JRqXxX.[;'D;xH.M>oh.wus.D tCdt0J'.tJ.'d;rRzsg
xD.tw>ul.b.ul.ohM.vDRI t0J';k uJx.D oh.wus.D M.vXwRolw
'kt*DR0HRuhRrHu'guhR0J'.M.vDRI rhrh>pDRyRzdcGgcH*Rw*RwcDrHyX>xD.
'D;vJR[;'D;xH.u'D;0JvXwRolw'kt*DRvDRI t0Jp>h uD;tJ.'d;rRzsgxD.t
w>ul.b.ul.oh';D whx.D M>0JwRolw'kM.vXtql.'D;ttHRwbseD uG>
w>*DRw'kvDR*mr;vXwRol'D'kngM.vDRI 0HRuhRrHu'D;0J'.M.vDRI rR
u'D;vXySRoX*Rw*RwcDwRk t*JRqXxX.[;'D;xH.0JvXw>w'ktRH rh>0J
wRol'D'kvDRI b.q.to;orlwtd.b.I zJM.t0JtJ.'d;rRzsgxD.t
w>oh w >b.tCd t 0J r Rtd . xD . wRol w 'k M .vXto;orl v D R I
0HRuhRrH0J'.M.vDRI wkRrh>wRolw'kM.td.xD.'D;to;orlwbsDt
0JvJRxH.ySR'Dyk>0J>oX*RrH'D;th.oHuGHm0J'.cJvXmM.vDRI/

bD.od.wJw>wJtRH 0HR'D;wJb.pDRyRzdcgG vX< ?wRolM.erRbsK;tDRoem


uhwoh.ngw>bsK;b.I rh>yX>xD.cJudmM.uth.eRoyS>uwX>vDRI xl
vDRwJmuGmH p>cDtRD wuh>I/
pDRyRzdcGgue.w>vdRngb.tDR'D;vXw>wqdurd.uG>xHuG>q;w>t
ylRM.t0Jxw l usmwRolw'kM.'D;tw>vDRwJmoemuhr>h vXwRolwcDy
vD>ol.yvD>o;tCdzD.csK;M>0JvXoh.'hw'h'D;wvDRwJm0Jql[D.cd.
vdRb.I zJM.wRolpH;b.tDR< ?,rRbsK;eRxJtHRngb.rEkRtCdvX
erR,R'ftHRvJ.I ,wJyvD>eRupD'DvXwb.em}uDw>w*hR< rR}uDw>
w*hRb.q.ew'due.b.I cJtRH ,rh>wvJRqSXeReuuhR'fv.J I oem
uhrh>vX,rRpXRwh>vHeRtCd,urRpXReRwkRtuwX>vDRI/

wkRrh>rk>0gxD.'D;wRolM.vJRqSXuhRpDRyRzdcGgM.vDRI w>pH;0J'.vXwkR
rh>pDRyRzdcGguhRwkRqlt[H.M.uwdRuhRw>wohvXRb.I t0JuJxD.
uhRvXySRtk;t;uwmys›Rw*RM.vDRI vXcHuhRySRul.b.ul.ohwz.
59
'G;0J';D pH;0J'.vXt0JrRur.b.ySRvXtrRbsK;tDRw*RtCdt0JuwdRuhR
w>wohvXRb.I 'fo;d tuwdRuhRw>uoht*D>ub.whx.D wRolt*DR
'D;ub.bgxD.uhR0Jr;uwdRuhRw>uohM.vDRI

'Dyk>0J>oh.{XuG>'D;qdurd.wuh>I vX[D.cd.csXyrh>rRur.b.ySRvXt
rRbsK;rRzS.d ySR'D;yrh>wl>b.uhRw>xJtRH ngM.yrh>rRur.b.ySRvXt
whvDRySRw*RM.yCh>ylRzsJ;yo;vXw>pH.nD.uoh0J'fvJ.I

60
rhv.
h zdrRpXRtzH'v
f .
J

eD>rhvh.rh>ydmrk.zdo.vXto;td. 10 eH.zdw*RvDRI t0Jrh>zdvXt’d.


uwX>vX[H.ylR’D;t0Joh.t[H.td.vX0h>ylRvDRI t0Jtd.’H;’D;tzHtzk
wz.vXt[H.td.vXo0DysDvg[hvXtpDRpkR,HR’D;0h>wpJ;b.q.erh>
vJRM.evJR’d;odvh.ohvDRI

b.weHRzJw>ud>cguFdys>tqXuwD>trd>rXtvJRtd.oud;tzH’D;rRpXR
tzHvDRI trd>vJRqSXvDRtDRqlodvh.tylR’D;wJb.ySReDodvh.vXu
0Ho;plRymvDRtzdr.k zJov
d .h wkRvXo0DysDvg[htcgM.vDRI wcsK;vXod

61
vh.[;xD.’H;b.M>rhvh.zdtrd>rRvdmtDR< ?rRpXRezHzHzJtvD>td.w
uh>I/ rhvh.zdtX.vDRtrd>vDRI

odvh.p;xD.[;vH< rhvh.zduG>w&H;xGJtrd>wkRwxH.vXR0JwpkvDRI
t0Jtd.vXodvh.tylR‘D;ySRvXtoh.ng0Jwtd.eDw*Rb.oemuht0J
rh>ydmrk.zdvXttd.’D;w>o;’lw*RtCdwysHRw>b.I zJodvh.Ch>tcg
t0Je>[lxGJtrd>tw>rRvdmvXtpH;0J< ?rRpXRezHzHzJtvD>td.wuh></
wbsDb.wbsDvRD I ‘ft0JtX.vDRtrd>tod;ymvDRto;vXuusJ;pX;rR
0Jt*hRuwX>vDRI

odvh.vJRcDzsdw>vD>wz.wwDRb.wwDRvXusJuyRtd.’D;pHm{dRySJR{dR<
wuGH< CDR< oJ;u&X>wz.’D;vXcHvJRwkR0Jqlo0DysDvg[hvDRI ySReDod
vh.wJb.rhvh.zdvXub.pH.vDR0JvDRI zJodvh.td.uwD>tzXrk>t
cgxH.0JvXtzHz[ H cJ ;d tcd.tCdt0Jo;ck’.d r;vDRI t0JvRJ ydmtzHtcH’;D
wJb.tDRvXtrd>ty>< t[H.zdCzD t d *h>< tyk>td.zsJ.oDw*Rt*h>’D;t
w>[JvXust J *h>vDRI zJrvh .h zduwdRw>tcgxDbt d zHoul;vDRtys>d ’D;pH;<
?uwdR’d.’d./ tCdrhvh.zdb.uwdRw>z;’d.z;’d.vDRI

rhv.h zdo;ck’.d r;zJtvJRwkRqltzHt[H.M.vDRI t0Jx.H b.0JtzHo.l


ymzDwz.tuvkmuvkmvDRI o0DysDvg[htd.vXupX>cD.xH;tCdzJrh
vh.zdu>G CDRw>cDzsyd }J wDzt
d cgxH.b.0J’.oh.{dR0.{dR’D;w>vl>w>}wDRvX
tCHvRb.tDR’d.r;M.vDRI rhvh.zdwo;yhReD.tw>tX.vDR’D;trd>
b.I t0JoHuG>tzH< ?,b.vlM>ezDxH{gI/
tzHpH;tDR< ?w>bsK;vDRI twG;wtd.b.I/
t0JoHuG>u’D;< ?,b.cGJM>xl;M>e[H.{gI/
zJM.tzHwJu’D;tDR< ?ydmrk.zdo. vXt[JrRM>,Rw>td.w*RtCdw

62
vd.b.I t0Jrh>ySRzSD.vd.b.wd>tCd[JrRpXR,Rw>rR‘D;,rRpXRtDR
wd>vXt0Jvd.b.0JvDRI/
t0JoHuG>u’D;tzH< ?rh>,b.vJRyS›RM>eRw>vXw>qgw>yS›Rtus;
wrHRrHR{gI/
tzHpH;tDR< ?w>bsK;vDRI cJtHR’k,wvd.b.w>eDwrHR’H;b.I/

rhv.h zdwxH.w>rRvXub.rRpXRtzHew D rHRb.tCdvXcHuwX>qdu


rd.xD.0J< ?,uo;yhReD.uGmH w>rRpXRt*h>’D;us;J pX;o;zSvH X,w>[J[;
wbsDtRH vDRI/
t0Jtzktd.’D;uGJRvhvdR‘D;uJ;pJ;vDRI nDEk>tzktd;xD.’k;ue.tDRw>o;
0H.vXtrkmwz.’D;wbsDbsDt0Jo;0H.xGJw>o;0H.vXtrR0Jb.wz.
tcHvDRI vXrk>eRcDzJt0JrHtcge>[lb.w>plRvDRoD.vX[H.cd.wpJ;w
pJ;ue.0Jw>rkmb.tDR’d.r;M.vDRI vXcHw*DRt0JyX>xD.0J*RD *DRvDRI t0J
e>[ltzHtzktxd.’h.’D;qDwz.ud;oD.vX*DRcD’D;xH.ph>uD;vXtzkvJR
’k;tD.qDq.tCdt0JvRJ ydmtzktcHvRD I t0Jo.h ’Dzv k RH cH*RxH.0JvXqD
rd>wbh.z;xD.tzdwz.tCdtzku;d tzH’;D wJb.tDRvDRI rhv.h ph>uD;wJ
b.tzHvXtuvk>z;’d.b.q.zsgvXtzHzHwue.b.I rhvh.zdoH
uG>tzk< ?b.rEkRzHzHwue.yw>uwdRvJ.I/
tzkwJtDR< ?ezHo;yS>xD.’D;te>CXvDRI we>[lw>*hR*hRvXRb.I/
tCdrhvh.zdo;unDRb.tzH’d.r;vDRI t0JpH;b.tzk< ?,ub.vJR
Ch>wJtDRvXqDzdz;xD.t*h>{gI/ tzktX.vDRtDR’D;vJR0JvDRI

vXrk>qgcDzJrhvh.zdtd.wh>’D;tzHxJcH*R{dRvX[H.tcgySR[Jud;w>vX
[H.rJmngb.q.tzHwe>[lb.I q;’.tw>vDRI wue.’.vJmySR
[Ju;d tCdrvh .h zdurXur.b.to;’d.r;vDRI b.q.t0Jo.h eD.xD.
vXtzkwJtDRvXtzHte>CXtCdt0JvJRCh>td;xD.yJ}wDvX[H.rJmng

63
vDRI zJyRS wrSRH [JEmk uwdRw>’D;tzH0RH uhRvDRM.tzHp;H b.tDR< ?rhv.h {X
w>bsK;’d.r;vXeuJM>,e>tCdvRD I/
vXw>o;cktylRrhvh.zdoHuG>< ?rh>,uJxD.w>rRpXRvXe*D>upD’D{gI/
tzHp;H qXtDR< ?tdIIIeuJx.D tgr;vDRI ,e>w[lw>tCdw>uDtgr;vDRI
e>rh>w>vk>‘d.ySR› ’d.vXup>,GR[h.ySRvDRI cJtRH ,we>[lvXR’.vJm,GR
tw>b.whtuvk>vXtrRo;zS, H Rb.I/

rhvh.zdo;ck'd.r;vXtrRpXRb.tzHcDzsduJxD.e>vXtzHt*D>vDRI t0J
nDE>k ’due.w>oD.w>oJtuvk>wz.’D;wJb.tzHtCdux J .D w>rRpXRvX
tzHt*D>vDRI tzHtw>uwdRvXtpH;0J< ?e>rh>,GRtw>[h.vk>’d.ySR› ’d.
vDRI/ M.rhvh.zdohe>yX>*hR*hRvDRI t0JwJb.tzHvXxd.zdvH.zd< qDzd<
xd. ’h.zdwz.ud;t*h>’D;to;zSrH ;vDRI t0JwbJ .ph>uD;tzHvXzdo.qH;zd
vX[H.b;cDw*RrRoD.tuvk>’D;eHRvXw>ol.zSo H ;nDtylRzJt0JvRJ *JR
vdmuGJ’D;tDRM.vDRI ud;eHR’J;rhvh.zd’due.w>tuvk>wz.’D;wJb.t
zH’;D tzHto;rkm’d.r;vDRI vXcHweHRzJt0Jt.d ’D;tzHvX[H.tcgtd;xD.
ue.w>o;0H.’D;wJb.tzHvXw>o;0H.rkmt*h>vDRI t0Jo;ckvXup>
,GR[h.tDRte>vXtq;’fo;d ue>[lw>’D;uJx.D b.w>rRpXRvXtzHt
*D>tCdvRD I

64

Potrebbero piacerti anche