c

c %&$ % c ' cc $( % &c%  c

c

c




c
c
1. Prescriptive strategies to guide lesson planning and instruction during the lesson(detailed overview of how to teach)
2. Increases student¶s probability of learning certain skills and knowledge
3. Emphasize on teaching and learning activities
4. Emphasizes on evaluation and reinforcement activities
5. Helps students learn how to learn
c

c
c
c
c c c
cc 
cc
c cc !"cc
c c 
#c 
#c 
c !c
!c 1.Introduction 1. Engagement 1.Observation 1.Theory 1.Problem 1.Orientation
2.Development 2. Exploration 2.Patterns 2.Hypothesis 2.Ideas 2.Elicitation of
3.Climax 3. Explanation 3.Hypothesis 3.Observation 3.Knowledge ideas
4.Closure 4. Elaboration 4.Theory 4.Conclusion 4.Learning issue 3.Restructure of
5. Evaluate** 5.Carried of action ideas
**(can be occurs 4.Application of
in all 4 parts of ideas
the learning 5Reflection
cycle
$c
c 1.Transfer 1.Engage student prior 1.As facilitator 1.As facilitator 1. As facilitator 1. As facilitator
!c knowledge knowledge and link to *give examples *provide guide 2.Give support
new knowledge 3.Present students
2. Manage 2.Provide guide with a problem
learning 3.Give feedback
process 4.Evaluate student
$c
c Passive/active Passive learner Active learner Active learners Active learner: Active learner
c learner become active learner *explorer but follow -Discover content
teacher¶s -Solve problem
instruction Passive learner
-Giving up
 c
c
c
!c Learning 1.provides an active 1.Students can 1.Students can Challenge student¶s The steps are
process are learning experiences improve their improve their mind systematic where
organised skills skills -develop creative by teacher and
2.Students have (science+social+ (science+social thinking student play
chances to explore and cognitive) +cognitive) active roles
enrich their learning
skills 2.More towards 2.Students and
student centre teacher work
together

3.Students work
actively on
teacher¶s
guidance

')c More towards 1.Need conductive Need many More towards 1. Students may Take longer time
teacher centre environment to example as teacher centre lost along the way to conduct
succeed simulation *not necessarily
2.To success
2. Need skilled teacher student need
background
knowledge on the
lessons