P\Iob hnIk\ ap∂Wn
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P\Iob hnIk\ ap∂WnIƒ
tIcfØnepS\ofw cq]w sIm≠ ]pXnb
cmjv { Sob {]Xn`mkamWv P\Iob
hnIk\ ap∂WnIƒ. CXv shdpsX
s]m´napf®X√ . Ah°p ]n∂n¬ tIc
fØnse At\Iw kmaqly {]kvYm\
ßfp≠v. kac kwLS\Ifpw BIvSn
hnÃpIfpap≠v . CXns\mcp ]iv N m
Øeap≠v . tIcfØnse cmjv { Sob
{]kvYm\߃ P\Iob {]iv\ßfn¬
\n∂pw AI∂p t]mbncn°p∂p F∂v
P\߃ Xncn®dn™ncn°p∂p F∂
XmWXv. P\ßfpsS {]iv\߃
Gs‰Sp°pIbpw ]cnlcn°pIbpw sN
øpI F∂XmWv cmjv{Sob {]kvYm\
ßfpsS ISa.
tIcfØn¬ Ct∏mƒ Ccp∂qtdmfw kvYe
ßfn¬ At\Iw {]iv\߃ D∂bn®p
sIm≠v P\߃ kacw sNbv X p
sIm≠ncn°p∂p≠v. hfsc ASnkvYm
\]camb Bhiy߃°p th≠nbm
Wv P\߃ kacw sNbvXp sIm≠ncn
°p∂Xv . hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\߃
hcp∂Xn\m¬ InS∏mSw \jvSs∏Sp∂
h¿, PohnX am¿K߃ \jv S s∏Sp
∂h¿, ^mIvSdnIƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn
s‚ t]cn¬ aen\oIcWw aqew amdm
tcmKßfm¬ IjvSs∏Sp∂h¿, ASn
kvYm\ Bhiy߃ C\nbpw \ndth
‰m≥ km[n°mØh¿, AgnaXn sIm≠v
s]mdpXn ap´nbh¿ , ]cnkvYnXn{]iv\
߃ aqew Pohn°m≥ ]‰mXmbh¿
Chscms° kac wKØmWv. CØcw
Bhiy߃°p th≠n \S°p∂
kacßfn¬ tIcfØnse CSXv heXv
I£nIfn¬s]´ {]apJ cmjv { Sob
I£nIfpsSsbm∂pw km∂n≤yw
t]mepan√. km∂n≤yans√∂p am{X
a√; Ah¿ Ahsbsb√mw A[nt£]n
°pIbpw Ignbp∂ hn[sa√mw ASn®
a¿Øm≥ {ian°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm
≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥
ASpØ ImeØv tIcfØn¬ Db¿∂p
h∂ {]apJ kacamWv sslth ka
cw. ]Xn\mbnc߃ IpSnsbmgn∏n
°s∏Spsa∂v \nivNbw. BcmWv B
kacw \SØnbXv ? tIcfØnse
sNdpXpw hepXpamb At\Iw kam
¥c kac kwLS\IfmWv B kac
Øn\v t\XrXzw hln®Xv. Bcmbn
cp∂p AXn\v t\XrXzw hlnt°≠nbn
cp∂Xv ? Xo¿®bmbpw P\ßfpsS
{]iv \ ߃°p th≠n \nesIm≈p
sa∂v {]Jym]n®psIm≠v \ne\n¬°p
∂ cmjvSob ]m¿´nIfmbncp∂p AXv
sNtø≠nbncp∂Xv. Ah¿ AXv sNøp
∂Xn\p ]Icw kacsØ XI¿°m≥
{ian®p. Ahkm\w P\ßsfm∂msI
FXncmIpsa∂v a\ nembt∏mƒ
kac kwLS\Isfsbm∂pw £Wn
°msX k¿hI£n tbmKw hnfn®p.
F√mhcpw tN¿∂v U¬ln°p t]mbn.
At∏mgpw Ahcn¬s]´ ]ecpw kacw
sNbv X hsc ]gn®psIm≠ncp∂p.
AhcpsS Bhiyßsf A]lkn®p
sIm≠ncp∂p. tI{μw AhcpsS Bh
iyßsf \nckn®p. tIcfØnse P\
ßfpsS Bhiy߃ ]cnKWn°msX
Ah¿ k¿hI£ntbmKw tN¿∂v
tI{μØns‚ Xocpam\tØmsSm∏w
\n¬°m≥ Xocpam\n®ncn°pIbm
Wnt∏mƒ. InS∏mShpw sXmgnenSßfpw
\jvSs∏Sptºmƒ kacw sNøm≥ Xocp
am\n® tIcfØnse P\ßtfmSv
{]XnImcw sNøm\mWv AhcpsS
kz¥w ]m¿´nIƒ H∂S¶w Xocpam\n
®ncn°p∂Xv.
In\meqcn¬ \S∂Xv `cWIqS`oIcX
bmbncp∂p. kacw sNbvX P\߃
s°Xnsc ]m¿´nbpw k¿°mdpw
H∂ptN¿∂v \SØnb th´ AXy¥w
`oXntbmsSbmWv tIcfP\X ho£n
®Xv. Ahkm\w AXv \SØnbh¿
1
vikasanamunnaniuae@gmail.com
Xs∂ P\a[yØn¬ A]lmkycmbn.
Ign™ c≠p ]Xn¡m≠n\nSbn¬
GsX¶nepw {]kIvXamb P\Iob
kacw \ΩpsS {]apJ cmjv { Sob
]m¿´nIƒ Gs¡Sp°pItbm hnPbn
∏n°pItbm sNbvXn´n√ .
amdp∂ ho£W߃
]m¿´nIƒ Cßns\bmhm≥ ImcWsa¥v?
\mSns\°pdn®pw AXns‚ ]ptcmKXn
sb°pdn®pw ]m¿´nIfpsS amdnb
ho£W߃ Xs∂bmWXn\p Imc
Ww. kºØv ssIønep≈hs‚
HuZmcyw sIm≠v \St°≠XmWv P\
ßfpsS t£a߃°mbp≈ {]h¿Ø
\ßfpw \mSns‚ hnIk\{]h¿Ø\
ßfpsa∂ ]Sn™md≥ hnIk\
ImgvN∏mSpIƒ C∂v \ΩpsS \m´nse
]m¿´nIƒ kzoIcn®ncn°p∂p. c≠m
aXmbn P\PohnXØn¬ IqSpX¬
]ptcmKXn D≠m°p∂Xn\mbn \nkzm
¿Yambn \SØp∂ P\tkh\ {]h¿
Ø\amWv cmjv{Sobw F∂ ImgvN
∏mSpXs∂ ]m¿´nIƒ Isømgn®ncn
°p∂p. ]Icw kz¥w PohnXØn\v
th≠n \SØp∂ tPmenIfn¬ \√
Imip≠m°m≥ ]‰p∂ Hcp tPmenbm
bn cmjv { Sobhpw amdn°gn™ncn
°p∂p. ]m¿´nIƒ aqe[\w kzcq]n°p
Ibpw henb hym]mc kvYm]\ßsf
t∏mse {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
Cßns\ ]Wap≠m°m\p≈ am¿K
ambn cmjv{Sobw amdnbt∏mƒ AXv
]W°mcpambp≈ ]¶pI®hSßfp
ambnamdn.
]©mbØv XeØn¬ sNdpInS tIm¨
{SmIvS¿amcpambpw CSØcw kº∂cp
ambmWv Cu I®hSw \SØp∂sX
¶n¬ kwkvYm\XeØn¬ ]≤XnIƒ
Bhnjv I cn°p∂Xpw \S∏nem°p
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∂Xpw Ah¿°pth≠nbmbn. ]m¿´n t\Xm°fpsS Iq´psI´p
Iƒ kº∂cpambn´mbn. ^mcnkv A_q_°dpambpw tem´dn
cmPmhv km‚nbmtKm am¿´n\pambpw _‘߃ D≠m°nbXv
sXmgnemfnh¿KØns‚ t]cn¬ \nehn¬h∂ ]m¿´nbmWv.
a¡p ]m¿´nIƒ C°mcyØn¬ Ahtc°mtfsd ap∂nemWv .
am[yaßfneqsS \mw Adn™ hkvXpXIƒ am{XamWnXv.
AdnbmØh CXnepsa{Xtbm A[nIamsW∂XmWv hmkvX
hw. DZmlcWambn 45 ao¡dn¬ tZiob]mX ]Wnbptºmƒ
AXv GXm\pw kº∂¿°p am{Xta KpWw sNøq F∂dn™n
´pw F√m ]m¿´nIfpw H∂n®v AXn\p th≠n hmintbmsS \ne
sIm≈p∂sX¥n\v? GtXm tIm¨{SmIvS¿°p am{Xw KpWap
≠mIp∂ _n.H.Sn. ASnkvYm\Øn¬ Xs∂ tdmUp]Wn \SØ
Wsa∂v F√m ]m¿´nIfpw H∂n®v ]dbp∂sX¥psIm≠v?
]pdØv i{Xp°sft∏mse s]cpamdp∂psh¶nepw ]m¿´nIsf
√mw C°mcyØn¬ H¡s°´mWv. In\meqcpIƒ krjvSn°p
∂Xpw IpSnbnd°epIƒ \SØp∂Xpw P\hncp≤\nba߃
\n¿an°p∂Xpw ]m¿´n kº∂ Iq´psI´v shfnhm°p∂ Imcy
ßfmWv. Npcp°Øn¬ \nehnep≈ ]m¿´nIƒ P\߃°p
th≠n \nesIm≈n√ F∂v P\߃°v t_m[yambXns‚ ^e
ambmWv P\ap∂WnIƒ P\]n¥pW t\Sns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv.
bYm¿XvY cmjv{SobØn\pth≠n
Hcp \m´nse P\ßfpsS Bhiy߃ \n¿hln°p∂Xn\p th≠n
bmWv cmjv{Sobsa∂ AXns‚ bYm¿XvY e£yw kzm¿XvYX
bpsS IS∂phcthmsS \jvSs∏´pt]mbncn°p∂p. cmjv{Sobw
F∂ t]cp tIƒ°ptºmƒ Xs∂ Im]Sy°m¿°p am{Xw
]¡p∂ Hcp taJebmbn AXns\ a\knem°p∂ AhkvY
bmWn∂v \ne\n¬°p∂Xv.
Im]Sy°mcpsSbpw I≈∑mcpsSbpw taJebmbn CXns\ AwKo
Icn°pIbpw \∑bp≈h¿ CXn¬\n∂v AI∂p\n¬°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬ AXns‚ Zpc¥^ew A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂Xv
cmPyhpw AXnse apgph≥ P\ßfpambncn°pw. \ΩpsS
kzmX{¥yØn\mbp≈ tZiob {]kvYm\߃ Db¿∂p h∂
ImeL´Øn¬ cmjv{Sobw AXns‚ bYm¿∞ hnip≤nbn¬
A\p`hn°m≥ P\߃°v km[n®ncp∂p. A∂v \nkzm¿Ycmb
t\Xm°fmWv AXv ssIImcyw sNbv X ncp∂Xv . Ahsc
AwKoIcn°pIbpw AtX hnip≤n kq£n°pIbpw sNbvX
e£°W°n\v A\pbmbnIsfbpw Ah¿°v e`n®p.
cmjv{SobØns‚ Cu hnip≤n Xncn®psIm≠p hcp∂Xns‚
XpS°ambncn°pw ]pXnb P\ap∂WnIƒ.
AgnaXnbpw kzP\]£]mXhpw
cmjv { Sob]m¿´nIƒ°p≠mb \bhyXnbm\Øns‚ kzm`m
hnIamb ]cnWXnbmWv AgnaXnbpw kzP\]£]mXhpw.
C¥ybn¬ sNehm°s]Sp∂ P\t£a˛hnIk\ ^≠pIfn¬
30% am{Xta bYm¿∞Øn¬ AXns‚ icnbmb D]t`mIvXm
°ƒ°v e`n°p∂p≈psh∂mWv IW°v. Xmsg XeØn¬
]©mbØpIfn¬ IqSpX¬ A[nImchpw ^≠pIfpw e`n®
t∏mƒ AgnaXnbpw AXn\\pkcn®v IqSpX¬ Icßfnte°v
hnIkn°pIbmWp≠mbXv. ]m¿´ntbmsSm∏w \n¬°p∂h¿°v
^≠pIf\phZn°pIbpw B\pIqey߃ \¬IpIbpw sNøp
Isb∂Xv \m´p\S∏mbn amdnbncn°p∂p. P\ßfpsS \nIpXn
∏Ww sIm≠v Ah¿°p \¬Ip∂ AhImi߃ XßfpsS
B\pIqeyßfmsW∂ hn[ØnemWv ]m¿´nIƒ IW°m
°p∂Xv. P\ßfpw CtX hn[Øn¬ Xs∂ CXns\ AwKoIcn
°p∂ AhkvYbmWp≈Xv.
as¡mcp Xcw cmPm[n]Xyw Xs∂bmWnXv. AXn\m¬ Xmsg°nS
bnep≈ P\߃ ]m¿´nIfpsS B{inXcmbn amdnbncn°p∂p.
P\ßsf AXoh Zp¿_ecm°p∂ ZpchkvYbmWnXv. P\
tkhI¿ F∂ \nebn¬ \n∂v A[nImcnIƒ AYhm cmPm
°∑m¿ F∂ \nebnte°v cmjv{Sob°m¿°p≠mb am¡Øn
s‚ ^eamWnXv.
2
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\Kc]menIm \nba߃ h∂t∏mƒ CXn\v am‰ap≠mhpsa∂v
{]Xo£n®ncp∂p. F∂m¬ {Kmak`Iƒ t]mep≈ kwhn[m\
ßsf t\m°pIpØnbm°n am‰n ]m¿´nIƒ CXns\ A´nadn®p.
t\csØ ]d™ IW°\pkcn®v AgnaXnbpw kzP\]£
]mXhpw XpS®p\o°nbm¬ Ct∏mƒ Nnehm°p∂ ]Ww
sIm≠pXs∂ \nehnep≈Xns‚ aq∂nc´n hnIk\ t£a
{]h¿Ø\߃ \S°pw. AXn\m¬ cmPyØns‚ apt∂m´p
t]m°n\v AXy¥mt]£nXamWv Cu Znibnep≈ {]h¿Ø\
߃. hnIk\ap∂WnIƒ apt∂m´psh°p∂ kp{][m\amb
hmKvZm\hpw CXp Xs∂bmbXv as¡m∂psIm≠pa√.
P\]£ cmjvSob _Z¬ Db¿Øn∏nSn°p∂p
P\Iob kacßfn¬ P\߃s°m∏w \nesIm≠h¿, P\hncp≤
hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS CcIfmbnØo¿∂h¿, kz¥w
ssIøn¬ \n∂v ]Ww sNehm°n tkh\ {]h¿Ø\߃
\SØnbncp∂h¿, ]m¿´nIfpsS AgnaXnbnepw P\hncp≤ {]h
¿Ø\ßfnepw {]Xntj[n®v amdn\n¬°p∂h¿, P\tkh\w
hnip≤ {]m¿Y\bmbn a\knem°p∂h¿ XpSßn P\]£
cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø\w sImXn°p∂ Hcp]‰w a\pjycmWv P\
ap∂Wn°p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. PmXn aX kmapZmbnI
`n∂XIƒ°XoXambn tIcf kaqlØns‚ Hcp ]cntOZ
am°n CXns\ am¡p∂Xn\v CXns‚ {]h¿ØI¿ {]Xn⁄m
_≤cmWv. Hmtcm ]©mbØnepw kzX{¥ambn cq]oIcn°
s∏SpIbpw AhnsSbp≈ P\ßfpsS A`ojvSØn\\pkcn®v
cq]`mhßfm¿Pn°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠mWv P\Iob ap∂
WnIƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. Hmtcm ]©mbØns\bpw AXns‚
]q¿Wamb iIvXnbnte°v hf¿Øns°m≠p hcnI F∂
]©mbØncmPv apt∂m´psh°p∂ e£yw \S∏nem°pw
F∂XmWv P\Iob ap∂Wn P\߃°v \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm\w.
{Kmak`Isf iIvXns∏SpØpI F∂XmWv CXn\pth≠n
{]mYanIambn sNtø≠Xv. P\ßsf Dƒs∏SpØns°m≠v
{Kmak`IfpsS imIvXoIcWw \SØpI hgn A[nImcw
P\ßfnte°v ssIamdpI F∂ e£yw t\Sm≥ km[n°pw.
A[nImcØns‚ ioXfOmb B{Kln°mØhsc∂ \nebn¬
P\߃°nSbn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂hcmWv P\Iob ap∂WnbpsS
{]h¿ØI¿. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ah¿°v h≥P\]n¥pW
bmWv e`n®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv . CXns‚ {]h¿ØIcmbn
]ckyambn cwKØphcmØhcpw XßfpsS ]n¥pW Adnbn®p
sIm≠ncn°p∂p.
Btcm]Wt∏amcnIƒ°p]n∂n¬
X߃ \SØnb {]h¿Ø\߃ FSpØp ]d™psIm≠v P\ß
sf kao]n°phm≥ \nehnep≈ Hscm‰ cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nIƒ
°pw ss[cyan√. ImcWw \mdp∂ AgnaXnbpsSbpw IjvSs∏Sp
∂hs\ AhKWn®psIm≠v kz¥°m¿°v AhnlnXambn
B\pIqey߃ \¬InbXns‚bpw ]≤XnIfpsS t]cn¬ InS
∏mShpw D]Poh\am¿Khpw \jvSs∏Sp∂ ]mhßsf ]W®m
°pIƒ°v th≠n ASn®nd°nbXns‚bpw XeNmbv ° m≥
Hcn©v `qanbn√mØhsc ]´nWn°n´Xns‚bpw I≈∑msc∂v
hnfn®v A[nt£]n®Xns‚bpw {Iqcamb IYIfmWv Ah¿
\SØnb {]h¿Ø\߃. CsX√mw aqSnsh°p∂Xn\p th≠n
P\Iob ap∂Wn°p t\sc A[nt£]ßfpw Btcm]W
ßfpw sNmcnbpI F∂ IpX{¥ambncn°pw ]m¿´nIƒ
kzoIcn°pI. Ah¿ aXhmZnIfmWv, Xo{hhmZnIfmWv XpSßn
kaqlØn¬ tamiambn IcpXs∏Sp∂ kIe {]tbmKßfpw
Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ D]tbmKn®p XpSßnbncn°p∂p. CXv
tIƒ°p∂ P\߃°nSbn¬ Xs∂bmWv P\Iob ap∂Wn
{]h¿ØIcpw Cu ]m¿´n°mcpw Pohn®ncp∂sX∂ hkvXpX
Ah¿ ad°cpXv. ]m¿´n ]£]mXnXzØns‚ Xnancw _m[n°m
ØhcmWv P\ßfne[nIhpw. HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw {]h¿Ø
\ßfpw PohnXhpw P\ßfpsS ap∂nep≠v. ]m¿´nIfpsS
P¬]\߃ sh®psIm≠√, XßfpsS A\p`h߃
sh®psIm≠mWv tIcfØnse A`ykvXhnZycmb P\߃
Xocpam\ßsfSp°p∂Xv. AXpXs∂bmWv ]m¿´nIƒ G¡
hpa[nIw `bs∏Sp∂Xv. Cu `bØns‚ _ln¿kv^pcW
ßfmWv ]pXnb Btcm]W߃.
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A[nImc hntI{μoIcWw
]ng®sXhnsS? XncptØ≠sXßs\?
km aqlnI hnIk\ Ncn{XØn¬ \nch[n {]tXy
IXIƒ AhImis∏Smhp∂ kwÿm\amWv tIcfw.
D¬]mZ\ taJeIfnse hf¿®°v B\p]mXnIa
√mØhn[w kmaqlnI hnIk\w \SØn tIcf amXrI
sb∂ A¤pXw kr„n®hcmWv \Ωƒ. kaXzhpw
kmaqlnI\oXnbpw AXneqsS hnXcW kwhn[m\
Ønse \oXnbpw hgnbmWv \manXp t\SnbsX∂p
]dbmw. k¿°m¿ (`cWIqS) `mKØp\n∂p≠mb \nb
a `cW \S]SnItfmsSm∏w kaqlØnse hensbmcp
hn`mKw (knhn¬ kaqlw) \SØnb CSs]SepIfpw
Cu hf¿®°v ImcWambnsb∂v Aa¿Xy sk∂ns\
t∏mep≈h¿ ]d™n´p≠v.
\thm∞m\ {]ÿm\߃ apX¬ CSXp]£
cm{„ob I£nIƒ hsc \ofp∂ B kmaqlnI CS
s]SepIfpsS G‰hpsamSphnesØ ]SnbmWv ChnsS
\S∏nem°nb P\Iobmkq{XWw AYhm A[nImc
hntI{μoIcWsa∂mWv 1997˛98 ImeØv tIcfw
`cn®ncp∂h¿ ]d™ncp∂Xv . k¿°m¿ \S]Sn°p
kam¥cambn P\Iob CSs]S¬ km[yX°v Ahkcw
\¬Ip∂Xn\mWv P\Iobmkq{XW ]≤Xn Bhnjv-
Icn®p \S∏nem°p∂sX∂h¿ ]d™p. GXm≠v H∂c
]Xn‰m≠v ]n∂nSp∂ Cu L´Øn¬ tIcfØn¬
\S∏nem°nb A[nImc hntI{μoIcWw F{Xam{Xw
^e{]Zambn F∂p ]cntim[nt°≠Xp≠v.
]SnhmXn¬°seØn\n¬°p∂psh∂Xn\m¬
P\߃°v CXdnbm≥ Xm¬]cyap≠mIpw.
A[nImc hntI{μoIcWsa∂ k¶¬]Øn\v
C¥ybn¬ Xs∂ Gsd ]g°ap≠v. bqtdm∏n¬, hnti
jn®v kºZv kar≤sa∂dnbs∏Sp∂ kvIm≥Unt\hn
b≥ (kzoU≥, sU∑m¿°v, t\m¿sh) cmPyßfn¬
kmaqlnI tkh\ `cW taJe ]q¿Wambpw hntI{μo
Icn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. C¥ybn¬ Cu Bibw G‰hpw
aq¿Øambn AhXcn∏n®Xv almflmKm‘nbmWv. Xs‚
kzcmPv F∂ k¶¬]w, tIhew {_n´ojpIm¿ hn´p
t]mb C¥y F∂nSØhkm\n°p∂ns√∂pw Hmtcm
C¥y≥ {Kmahpw kzm{ibhpw kºZv-kar≤hpamIp
∂XmWv A¥na e£ysa∂pw Km‘nPn {]Jym]n®n
cp∂p. A[nImcw F{Xta¬ tI{μoIcn°p∂pthm
A{Xta¬ lnwkmflIhpw Zpjn®XpamIpw F∂t±lw
I≠dn™ncp∂p. F∂m¬ kzmX{¥ym\¥c C¥ybn¬
a‰p ]e Imcyßfnepsa∂Xpt]mse ChnsSbpw Km‘n
Pn hnkvacn°s∏SpIbmbncp∂p.
F∂m¬ tIcfØn¬ BZyambn A[nImcta‰
C.Fw.Fkv a{¥nk` C°mcyØn¬ Nne {ia߃
\SØn. `q]cnjv-IcWw, hnZym`ymk ]cnjv-IcWw
XpSßnbhs°m∏w ka{K `cW]cnjv-Imchpw e£y
ambncp∂p. tI{μ-kwÿm\ _‘߃ F∂Xpt]mse
kwÿm\ k¿°mdpw Xmsgbp≈ Xt±i `cW ÿm]
\ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘hpw Gsd N¿®mhnjbambn.
3
kn.B¿ \oeIWvT≥
Xt±i `cW ÿm]\ßsf i‡ns∏SpØm≥ A∂p {ian®psh¶nepw ]n∂oSXv
apt∂m´p t]mbn√. ]n∂oSv AJnte¥ym XeØn¬ 73, 74 `cWLS\m t`ZKXn
sIm≠phcnIbpw ka{Kamb ]©mbØocmPv - \Kc]menIm \nbaw
]m m°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXtXmsS tIcfØnepw Cu {ia߃ i‡ns∏´p.
C¥y Gsd sshhn[yap≈ Hcp cm{„amWv. Hmtcm kwÿm\߃
Xs∂bpw \nch[n sshhn[y߃ \ne\n¬°p∂ {]tZiamWv. cmPyØnt\m
kwÿm\Ønt\m th≠n Zn√nbntem kwÿm\ Xeÿm\ßfntem
Ccp∂psIm≠v hnIk\ ]≤XnIƒ Bkq{XWw sNøpIsb∂Xv sX‰mb
Hcp k¶¬]amsW∂dnbm≥ bmsXmcp {]bmkhpan√. H∏w {]tZißfpsSbpw
Ahÿ a\ nem°n AhntS°\ptbmPyamb ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv-Icn®p
\S∏nem°m≥ IgnbWsa∂ e£ytØmsSbmWv A[nImc hntI{μoIcWw
\S∏nem°nbXv (CXn\p ]n∂n¬ ]q¿Wambpw km{amPyXz AP≠bmWp
≠mbncp∂sX∂pw a‰pap≈ AXnhmZ߃ AwKoIcn°m\mhn√. F∂m¬
Cu k¶¬]sØ ka¿Yambn D]tbmKn®v km{amPyXzw Nne {]h¿Ø\߃
\SØnbn´ps≠∂ hkvXpX \ntj[n°m\pamIn√). Hcp {]tZiØn\\ptbmPy
amb Irjn, PetkN\w, PehnXcWw, sNdpInS hyhkmb߃, KXmKXw,
kmaqlnI kpc£ apXembh \S∏nem°m≥ Xt±i `cW ÿm]\߃
°mWv IgnbpI. Chs°√mw AJnte¥ym-kwÿm\ Xe am\Zfißfp
≠mIp∂Xv icnbmIn√. P\߃°v IqSpX¬ CSs]Sm≥ IgnbWsa¶n¬
{]mtZinIambn Xocpam\ßsfSp°p∂ kwhn[m\߃ thWw. P\ßfpambn
G‰hpw ASpØnS]gIp∂ Xt±i `cW ÿm]\߃ CXn\v G‰hpw tbmPn
®hbmWv.
1995- 96¬ tIcfØnepw ka{Kamb ]©mbØocmPv -\Kc]menIm \nbaw
]m mbn. {XnXe ]©mbØpIfnte°p≈ sXcs™Sp∏pw \S∂p. F∂m¬
Cu ]pXnb A[nImc ÿm]\߃°v {]hrØn°mhiyamb kºØv
ssIam‰w sNøs∏´Xv 1997- 98 kmºØnI h¿jØnemWv. \mfnXphsc Xt±i
`cW ÿm]\߃°p≈ {][m\ hcpam\w sI´nS-sXmgn¬ \nIpXnIfpw
k¿°m¿ ]et∏mgpw \¬Ip∂ {Km‚pIfpambncp∂p. A∂∂sØ iºfØn\p
t]mepw hcpam\an√mXncp∂hbmbncp∂p an° ]©mbØpIfpw. F∂m¬,
1997- 98¬ _P‰ns‚ (GXm≠v ) aq∂nsem∂v hcp∂XpI Xt±i `cW
ÿm]\߃°mbn \o°nsh®p. sNdnb ]©mbØpIƒ°p t]mepw ]Øpw
ap∏Xpw e£w cq] hsc In´psa∂ ÿnXnbmbn. s]s´∂p e`n® kºØpw
A[nImchpw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ th≠ tijn Xt±i ÿm]\߃°p
≠mbncp∂n√. CXn\p th≠ am\hhn`hw HcnSØpap≠mbncp∂n√.
k¿°mdns‚ \nch[n hIp∏pIƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXncp∂ ]≤XnIfpsS
\n¿hlW NpaXe Xt±i ÿm]\߃°mbn. k¿°m¿ hIp∏pIfnse
_‘s∏´ DZtymKÿsc ]©mbØn\p Iognte°p am‰m\pw ]pXnbhsc
\¬Im\pw k¿°m¿ {iaamcw`n®n´ps≠∂v {]Jym]n°s∏´p. ]≤Xn
\n¿hlWØn\mhiyamb \qdp IW°n\p N´ßƒ cq]s∏SptØ≠Xmbn
h∂p. CXn\mbn Znhtk\sbt∂mWw A©pw Bdpw k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ
]pdØnd°ns°m≠ncp∂p. Xo¿Øpw ]pXnsbmcp taJesb∂ \nebn¬
XpS°Ønse A]cym]v X XIƒ a\ nem°mhp∂tXbp≈q. \nch[n
tI{μmhnjv - I rX ]≤XnIsfbpw ]©mbØpIfpsS ]≤XnIfpambn
LSn∏n°m≥ Xocpam\ambn.
P\Iobmkq{XWw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\p th≠n Xbmdm°s∏´
\nbaßfpw N´ßfpw Hcp ]cn[nhsc ka{KamWv F∂p ]dbmw. Hmtcm Xt±i
`cW ÿm]\Øn\pw F{X XpI hoXw In´psa∂Xv bmsXmcp ]cmXn
°panSbn√mØhn[w kpXmcyambn \n¿Wbn°m≥ kwhn[m\ßfp≠mbn.
P\kwJy, AXn¬Xs∂ ]´nIIPmXn/ ]´nI h¿K hn`mKØns‚ FÆw
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥
XpSßnbh ]cnKWn®mWv hnlnXw \n›bn°s∏Sp∂Xv. ]≤Xn
Isf D¬]mZ\-tkh\-]›mØe taJeIfmbn Xncn®n´p≠v. Irjn,
PetkN\w, aÆpkwc£Ww, ssPhhf \n¿amWw, arK
kwc£Ww, sNdpInS hyhkmb߃ XpSßnbhbpambn
_‘s∏´hbmWv D¬]mZ\ taJe. hnZym`ymkw, BtcmKyw,
`h\w, IpSnsh≈w, kmaqlnI t£aw XpSßnbhbmWv tkh\
taJebn¬ s]Sp∂Xv. KXmKXw, sshZypXn hnXcWw, sI´nS
\n¿amWw apXembhbmWv ]›mØe taJe. CtXmsSm∏wXs∂
]´nI PmXn/h¿K hn`mK߃°p≈ {]tXyI LSI ]≤XnIfpw
h\nXm LSI ]≤XnIfpw hcp∂p≠v. samØw ]≤XnØpIbpsS
10 iXam\w h\nXm LSI ]≤XnIƒ°mbn am‰nsh°Ww.
Hmtcm taJebnepw s]´ k¿°m¿ hIp∏v ÿm]\߃-Irjn,
arKkwc£Ww, kmaqlnI t£aw, {]mYanImtcmKy tI{μw
apXembh- ]©mbØpIƒ°v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´n´p≠v. Chbnse
DZtymKÿ¿ ]≤Xn \n¿hlW hnjbØn¬ ]©mbØn\p Iogv-
s∏´v {]h¿Øn°Ww. Hmtcm ]≤Xnbpw Fßs\ cq]s∏SW
sa∂pw Ahsbßs\ \n¿hln°s∏SWsa∂pap≈ N´ßƒ
]men°p∂p F∂pd∏phcpØm\p≈ NpaXe Cu DZtymK
ÿ¿°mWv . {]mYanI {Kmak`Iƒ tN¿∂v apt∂m´psh®
hnIk\mhiy߃, ]©mbØpXe I¿akanXnIƒ tN¿∂v
t{ImUoIcn®v ]©mbØns‚ hnIk\ tcJ Xbmdm°p∂p.
AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ IcSv ]≤Xn \n¿tZi߃ cq]s∏SpØn
{Kmak`Iƒ AXXp {]tZi߃°p IqSn kzoImcyamb hn[Øn¬
cq]t`Z߃ \n¿tZin°p∂p. Cu \n¿tZißsf√mw t{ImUoIcn®v
]≤Xn tcJbpsS IcSv hnIk\ skan\mdn¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂p.
hnhn[ hnjb kanXnIfmbn Xncn™ncp∂v Ch N¿® sNbvXv
A¥na ]≤Xn \n¿tZißfm°p∂p. kmt¶XnI hnZKv[cpsS
klmbtØmsS FÃnta‰pw a‰pw Xbmdm°n hnZKv[ kanXnbpsS
]cntim[\°p \¬Ip∂p. Ah¿ AwKoIcn® ]≤Xn Pn√m
Bkq{XW kanXn ]cntim[n®v AwKoImcw \¬Ip∂p. kmt¶Xn
Itam \nba]ctam Bb XIcmdpIƒ Is≠Ønbm¬ Ah
XncpØn am{Xta ]≤Xn \S∏nem°m≥ ]mSp≈q.
{Kmak`Iƒ ]©mbØocmPv \nbaØn¬ Gsd \n¿Wmb
IamWv . AXn\v Ht´sd A[nImcßfp≠v . {Kmak`bpsS
\n¿tZi߃ e`n°m≥ ]©mbØv `cWkanXn°[nImcan√.
B¿°pw ]ncn®phnSm≥ IgnbmØ `cWLS\m ÿm]\amWv
{Kmak`sb∂p \nbaw ]dbp∂p. Hcp {Kmak`°p Iognse
{]tZiØv J\\w \SØp∂tXm aen\oIcWw \SØp∂tXm
XSbm≥ Ah¿°p Ignbpw. KpWt`m‡m°fmb hy‡nIsftbm
IpSpw_ßsftbm sXcs™Sp°m≥ {Kmak`°mW[nImcw.
Npcp°Øn¬ Hcp hm¿Unse PohnXw kw_‘n® Xocpam\߃
FSp°p∂ {Kmak`bn¬ CSs]Sm≥ Hmtcm ]uc\pw
AhImiap≠v. ]≤Xn \n¿hlWØnepw P\Iob ]¶mfnØw
Dd∏m°m≥ \nch[n N´ßfp≠v . F√m \n¿hlWßfpw
KpWt`m‡r kanXnIƒ hgn \SØWsa∂mWv \nbaw hn`mh\w
sNbvXh¿ Dt±in®ncp∂Xv. CXphgn \n¿amW {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
KpW\nehmcw Dd∏m°m\pw ImeXmakw Hgnhm°m\pw AgnaXn
XSbm\pw Ignbpsa∂mWv IcpXnbncp∂Xv. Xo¿Øpw kpXmcyamb
{]h¿Ø\߃°p th≠n \n¿amW {]h¿Ø\߃ kw_‘n®
hnhc߃ AXXp {]tZiØv ÿm]n® t_m¿UpIfn¬ hniZambn
FgpXWw- AXn\p]tbmKn°p∂ kma{KnIfpsSbpw sXmgnen
s‚bpw IW°pIfpw a‰pw. KpW\nehmcw CS°nsSbpw HSphnepw
]cntim[n°m≥ hnZKv[ kanXnIƒ°p am{Xa√ GXp ]uc\pw
AhImiap≠v.
h\nX, ]´nI LSI ]≤XnIfpsS \n¿hlWØn\pw hy‡
amb N´ßfp≠v . Ah Hmtcm ]≤Xnbnepw (h¿jØnepw)
\n¿hln®pthm F∂v ]cntim[n°m\pw AXp ]q¿Wambns√¶n¬
AXns‚ XpI IqSn ASpØ h¿jtØ°v am‰nsh°m\pw
hyhÿbp≠v. {]mYanImtcmKy tI{μ߃ apX¬ Pn√m Bip]{Xn
hsc Xt±i ÿm]\ßfpsS IognemWv . Ch°mhiyamb
ASnÿm\ kuIcyßsfmcp°emWv ÿm]\ßfpsS {][m\
ISa. \nc¥c sNehpIƒ AXXv hIp∏pIƒ (BtcmKyw, Irjn
apXembh) hln°pw. hnZym`ymk taJebnepw CXpXs∂
bmWhÿ. kmaqlnI t£a ]≤XnIƒ \S∏nem°m≥
]©mbØpIƒ°mW[nImcw. \Kc(Jc) amen\y kwkv-IcWw
Xt±i ÿm]\ßfpsS {][m\ ISaIfnsem∂mWv. sNdpInS
sh≈]≤XnIƒ \S∏nem°m≥ ÿm]\߃°[nImcap≠v .
4
ChnsSbpw XpS¿s®ehpIƒ hln°m≥ Ch¿°v Ignbn√.
tdmUpIƒ, sXcphv hnf°pIƒ, `h\ \n¿amWw, ipNnXzw,
AwK≥hmSn XpSßnb inipt£a ]≤XnIƒ apXembhsb√mw
Xt±i ÿm]\ßfpsS NpaXebnemWv.
H‰ t\m´Øn¬ Xo¿Øpw Ip‰a‰Xpw P\Iobhpamb
H∂mWnsX∂ [mcWbmWv XpS°Øn¬ Cu teJI\S°
ap≈h¿°p≠mbncp∂Xv. tIcfØns‚ BZy apJya{¥nbmbncp∂
C.Fw.Fkv Xs∂ ap∂n´ndßnbmWnXmcw`n®Xv. Ccp ap∂Wn
Ifmbn ]ckv]cw ISn®pIodns°m≠ncn°p∂Xns‚ ^eambn
tIcfØns‚ hnIk\ taJe apt∂m´pt]mIp∂ns√∂pw I£n
cm{„obØn\XoXambn Xmsg X´n¬ P\߃ Hcpan®p \n∂v
hnIk\w km[yam°m\p≈ Hcp am¿KamWnsX∂psa√mamWv
C.Fw.Fkv ]d™Xv. ]m¿esa‚ v, \nbak` apXembhIfn¬\n∂v
hyXykvXambn tIhew I£n-ap∂Wn _‘Øns‚
ASnÿm\Øne√ Xt±i k`Iƒ {]h¿Ønt°≠Xv. AhnsS
`cW {]Xn]£ßfn√. Ãm‚ nwKv IΩn‰nIfmWv `cWw
\SØp∂Xv. F√m AwKßfpw GsX¶nepw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nbn¬
AwKßfmIp∂p.
]cnanXnIƒ- ]cmPb߃
F∂m¬ CØcsamcp [mcWbnemcw`n® A[nImc
hntI{μoIcWw Cs∂Øn\n¬°p∂sXhnsSbmWv? F¥mbncp∂p
AXns‚ ]cnanXnIƒ? FhnsSbmWXn\p ]ng®Xv? XpSßn \nch[n
tNmZyßfp≠v . `cW]camb ]cnanXnIfn¬\n∂v XpSßmw.
H´\h[n A[nImcßfpw kºØpw H‰bSn°v ssIam‰w
sNbvXt∏mƒ AXp ssIImcyw sNøm≥ th≠ tijn
XmsgØ´nep≈h¿°v D≠mbncp∂n√. k¿°mdns‚ hnhn[
hIp∏pIfpsS Hm^okpIƒ (Irjn, arKkwc£Ww, kmaqlnI
t£aw apXembh) ]©mbØpIƒ°p Iognem°nsb¶nepw
ChcpsS Ãm^ns‚ `cW]camb \nb{¥Ww AXXv
hIp∏pIƒ°pXs∂bmbncp∂p (Irjn Hm^ok¿ Irjn
hIp∏nt\mSpw kv-Iqfnse A[ym]I¿ hnZym`ymk hIp∏nt\mSpw
{]mYanImtcmKy tI{μØnse tUmŒdpw a‰pw BtcmKy
hIp∏nt\mSpsa√mw _‘s∏´mWv {]h¿Øn®Xv). apsºmcn°epw
]©mbØpIƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXn´n√mØhn[w kmt¶XnI
k¶o¿WXbp≈ {]h¿Ø\߃ \SØm≥ th≠ F©n\obdnwKv
hn`mKhpw D≠mbncp∂n√. s]mXpacmaØv XpSßnb hI∏pIfnse
F©n\ob¿amsc Xs∂ CXn\mbn B{ibnt°≠nh∂p.
^eØn¬ hnIk\ ]≤XnIƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xv ]©mbØm
sW¶nepw AXns‚ Nn´h´ßƒ ]q¿Wambpw k¿°m¿ hIp∏p
IfptSXpXs∂bmbncp∂p. Ch¿°pta¬ ]©mbØpIƒ°v
Imcyamb \nb{¥Whpan√mbncp∂p. DZtymKÿ ]p\¿hn\ymk
sØ°pdn®v Ign™ H∂c ]Xn‰m≠mbn k¿°m¿ ]dbp∂p
s≠¶nepw CXphsc ^e{]Zambn´n√. DZtymKÿ¿°pw P\{]Xn
\n[nIƒ°pw \¬Inb ]cnioe\Øns‚ IW°pIƒ
(sNehS°w) ]cntim[n®m¬ Bcpw sR´nt∏mIpw. hn`h
kar≤amWv Cu ]cnioe\߃. F∂m¬ Chsbm∂pw Xs∂
^e{]Zambnsöp ImWmw.
k¿°mdns‚ \nch[n \bßfpw \n¿tZißfpw A[nImc
hntI{μoIcWsØ X s∏SpØp∂hbmbn Ct∏mgpap≠v .
k¿°m¿ {]Jym]n°p∂ hnIk\ ]≤XnIfn¬ A`n{]mbw
]dbm≥ ]©mbØpIƒ°[nImcan√. ]mcnÿnXnIambn h≥
XI¿®bp≠m°p∂ \nch[n J\\ ]≤XnIƒ°pw ]mSw
\nIج t]mep≈ ]≤XnIƒ°pw k¿°m¿ AwKoImcw
\¬Ip∂Xn\m¬ ]©mbØpIƒ t\m°pIpØnIfmIp∂p.
πm®naSbnse tImf°º\n k¿°m¿ IqSn CSs]´Xn\m¬
]q´nsb∂Xv icn. F∂m¬ ]pXpt»cn ]©mbØv \n¿tZin®n´pw
AhnsSbp≈ s]]v-kn°º\n AS®p]q´n°m\mbn´n√.
hyhkmbtaJebnemWnXv \n¬°p∂sX∂ sXmSp\ymb
ap∂bn®mWv B s]]v-kn Iº\n {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. h≥tXmXn¬
Pew sIm≈ sNøp∂ Hcp Iº\nbp≠m°p∂ \miw hyhkmb
taJe°v ]pdØpamImsa∂ kXyw ad®p]nSn°p∂p. πm®naSbnse
Zpc¥ _m[nX¿°v \„]cnlmcw \¬Im≥ hnZKv [ kanXn
Xocpam\n®n´pw ]©mbØv i‡amb kΩ¿Zw sNepØnbn´pw
hyhkmb hIp∏nse NnecpsS ISpw]nSpØw aqew CXp \S°msX
t]mIp∂psh∂pw ImWmw. CXpt]mseXs∂ hnhn[
]≤XnIƒ°mbn k¿°m¿ `qan Gs‰Sp°ptºmƒ AXXv Xt±i
ÿm]\ßfpsS A`n{]mb߃ ]cnKWn°p∂tXbn√. \o¿ØS
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥
kwc£WØns‚ {]m[m\ysØ∏‰n Hcp ]©mbØn¬ Kw`ocambn
{]kwKn°pIbpw AXns‚ ]cnkcØv IqSn IS∂pt]mIp∂
\Znbn¬ apIƒ `mKØv AWs°´v \n¿an°pIIbpw sNbvXm¬
]ns∂¥p {]tbmP\w? Npcp°Øn¬ ]©mbØpIƒ°ps≠∂v
\nbaw ]dbp∂ ]e A[nImcßfpw Ah¿°n√. kwÿm\
k¿°mdpIƒ temI_m¶pw Gjy≥ hnIk\ _m¶pw
a‰pambp≠m°p∂ IcmdpIƒ \S∏nem°m≥ Xt±i ÿm]\߃
_m[yXs∏´ncn°p∂p. Pe\n[n XpSßnb temI_m¶v
]≤XnIfpsS Zpc¥w t]dp∂Xv ]©mbØpIfmWv.
C∏d™ ]cnanXnIƒ°IØp \n∂psIm≠v t]mepw Nne
Imcyamb CSs]SepIƒ ]©mbØpIƒ°v \SØmsa¶nepw
AsXm∂pw \S°p∂ns√∂XmWv Gsd ZpxJIcamb Imcyw. ka{K
hnIk\w, I£n cm{„obØn\XoXamb hnIk\w, AgnaXn
bn√mØ kpXmcy `cWw XpSßnbhsb√mw C∂v kz]v\w t]mep
a√mXmbncn°p∂p. P\Iobamb F√m CSs]S¬ km[yXIfpw
AS°s∏´p Ign™ncn°p∂p. {Kmak`Iƒ \ne\n¬°p∂Xv
ISemkn¬ am{XamWv. P\߃°Xn¬ bmsXmcp Xm¬]cyhpan√,
hy‡nKX KpWt`m‡m°ƒs°mgnsI! AhnsSsbSp°p∂ Hcp
Xocpam\hpw \S∏nemImdns√∂v GsXmcmƒ°padnbmw.
AXpsIm≠mcpahnsS t]mImdn√. tImdw XnI°p∂Xn\pth≠n
hoSpIfn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn lmP¿ H∏nSphn°emWv ]Xnhv .
]≤XnIƒ°p≈ ]Ww {]mtZinImhiy߃ t\m°n \o°n
sh°e√, an°t∏mgpw AwK߃ XΩn¬ Xpeyambn ]¶psh°
emWv. {]mtZinImhiysam∂pw ]cnKWn°s∏Smdn√. P\Iob
IΩn‰nIfpw ISemkn¬ am{Xw. `cWkanXn°mcpw AhcpsS
_n\manIfpw ]Ww ]¶pshs®Sp°p∂Xn\m¬ Xpeyamb
hoXwsh∏v F∂Xv s]mXpsh AwKoIcn°s∏´ XØzamWv. Hcp
\nabhpw Bcpw ]men°mdn√. P\Iobmkq{XW ]≤XnIƒ
Bcw`n® h¿jßfn¬ \mepXcw HmUn‰nwKn\v IW°pIƒ
hnt[bambncn°psa∂v ]d™ncp∂p. Xt±ihIp∏pw tI{μ
kwÿm\ k¿°mdpw \SØp∂ ]cntim[\Iƒ°v ]pdsa Hmtcm
h¿jsØ IW°pw {Kmak`Ifnse kmaqlnI HmUn‰nwKn\v
hnt[bam°s∏Spsa∂v \nbaw ]dbp∂p. F∂m¬ H∂c
]Xn‰m≠n\nSbn¬ tIcfØnse H´pan° Xt±iÿm]\ßfnepw
Ht∂m ct≠m {]mhiyw (h¿jw) am{Xta IW°v ]cntim[\
(k¿°m¿ hgn) \S∂n´p≈q. kmaqlnI HmUn‰nwKv F∂Xv
Cs∂mcmƒ°pw AdnbmØ hkvXpXbmWv. ^eØn¬ hntI{μo
IrXambn AgnaXn \SØm≥ Xmsg X´nep≈ I£nt\Xm°ƒ°v
hsc Ahkcsamcp°pIsb∂ Hscm‰ e£yw am{XamWv
t\Sm\mbXv.
hnIk\w kw_‘n®v apJy[mcm cm{„obI£nIƒ°p≈
hnIek¶¬]hpw \nch[n {]iv-\߃ kr„n°p∂p≠v. tdmUpw
sI´nSßfpw \n¿an°emWv hnIk\sa∂mWv s]mXp[mcW.
\o¿ØSm[njvTnX hnIk\sas∂ms° tcJbn¬ ImWpsa¶nepw
kzm`mhnI P\t{kmX pIsfbpw ]mXIsfbpw XI¿°p∂
hbmWv an° hnIk\ ]≤XnIfpw. \nch[n ]≤XnIƒ- J\\hpw
]mSw \nIØepw sI´nS \n¿amWhpw tdmUpsh´epsa√mw-
Xo¿Øpw {]IrXnhncp≤ambn´mWv \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂Xv .
hyhkmb߃ Imcyambns√¶nepw D≈h h≥tXmXn¬ aen\o
IcWw \SØp∂hbmWv. tIcfØns‚ Imemhÿbpw
`q{]IrXnbpw Bhmk coXnIfpw ]cnKWn®psIm≠p am{Xta
]≤XnIƒ°v A\paXn \¬Imhq F∂ XØzw \nc¥cw
ewLn°s∏SpIbmWv. ]´nIPmXn h¿K ]≤XnIfpsS \n¿hlWw
GXp hn[ØnemIWsa∂ [mcW Ct∏mgpw cm{„ob
I£nIƒ°n√. ZenXv {]ÿm\߃ C°mcyØn¬ hy‡amb
[mcWbp≈hc√. AØcw [mcWbp≈h¿ CXn¬ s]Sp∂pan√.
GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep≈ \n¿amW {]h¿Ø\߃°p th≠n
LSI ]≤Xn ^≠v hn\ntbmKn°s∏SpIbmWv. AXv e£y
am°p∂ kaqlßsf Fßs\ _m[n°p∂psa∂v hnebncpØ
s∏Sp∂n√. a‰p ]e hIp∏pIfn¬\n∂pw hyXykvXambn Fkv.kn/
Fkv.Sn ^≠ns‚ knwl`mKhpw sNehgnt°≠Xv Xt±i `cW
ÿm]\ßfmWv. kz¥ambn `qanbpw hoSpw C√mØXmWv Fkv.kn
hn`mK߃ t\cnSp∂ Hcp {][m\ {]iv-\w. H´\h[n `h\\n¿amW
]≤XnIƒ h∂psh¶nepw Cu hn`mKØn¬ s]Sp∂hcpsS {]iv-
\w CXphsc ]cnlcn°s∏´n√. ]≤Xn Bkq{XWØnse
XIcmdpIƒ apX¬ AgnaXnbpw \nba°pcp°pIfpw hsc CXn\p
ImcWamIp∂p.
5
CXpt]mse Xs∂bmWv h\nXm LSI]≤XnIfpw. F¥mWv
h\nXIƒ°p≈ ]≤Xnsb∂Xns\∏‰n h\nXm P\{]Xn\n[n
Iƒ°p t]mepw hy‡amb [mcWbn√. `cWkanXnIfn¬
aq∂nsem∂v h\nXIfmbncp∂n´pw samØw ^≠ns‚ ]Ønsem∂v
h\nXm ]≤Xn°mbn icnbmbn sNehgn°m≥ Ignbmdn√.
an°t∏mgpw ]pIbn√mØ ASp∏pw NqSmdms∏´nbpw ASp°f
tØm´hpw Xø¬ b{¥hpw BSpw tImgnbpamIpw ]≤XnIƒ.
CXns‚ G‰hpw Zb\obamb AhÿbmWv C∂p hym]Iambn
°mWp∂ IpSpw_{io {]ÿm\w. {KmakIsf i‡ns∏SpØm
\p≈ Ab¬°q´ßfpw ]n∂oSv kv{XoIfpsS Ab¬°q´ßfpambn
Bcw`n® Cu {]ÿm\w C∂v ]cnXm]Icamb AhÿbnemWv.
cm{„ob I£nIƒ°pw k¿°m¿ ]cn]mSnIƒ°pw tbmKØn∂msf
hnfn®pIq´pIsb∂Xv CXphgn Gsd Ffp∏ambncn°p∂p.
kv{XoIfpsS kmaqlnI im‡oIcWw e£yan´mcw`n® {]ÿm\w
C∂hsc ]eni ]ncnhpImcpw {]mtZinI tªUv Iº\n°mcpam°n
am‰nbncn°p∂p. kzbw NqjWØns‚ amXrIIfmbn Ah¿
amdnbncn°p∂p. D¬]mZ\ taJeIfn¬ sNdnb Nne CSs]S¬
\SØm≥ {ian°p∂ns√∂√, AXv henb Imcya√. adn®v Hcp
\m´nse kº∂cpsS amen\yw hmcm≥ Cu kv{XoIsf- AXpw
Zmcn{Zy tcJ°p Xmsgbp≈ `qcn]£hpw ZenXv ]n∂m°°m
cmbhsc- \ntbmKn°p∂p. Npcp°Øn¬ kv{XoIsf IqSpX¬
ASnaIfm°pIbpw AhcpsS Acm{„obhXvIcWØn\p hgnsXfn
°pIbpw sNøp∂ H∂mbn IpSpw_{ioIƒ amdnbncn°p∂p.
CXv C\nbpw \nch[n taJeIfnte°v hym]n∏n°mw.
Hmtcms∂SpØmepw \msaØnt®cpI Xo¿Øpw Acm{„ob
hXvIcn°s∏´ Hcp Xt±i `cW kwhn[m\ØnemWv. \ΩpsS
apJy[mcm cm{„ob I£nIsf√mw Xs∂ Acm{„obhXvIcn
°s∏´hcmWv. AhcpsSsb√mw LS\ A[nImc tI{μoIcWØn
t‚XmWv. ta¬ IΩn‰nIƒ°v Iogvs
- ∏Sp∂ Xmsg Xe IΩn‰nIfmWv
F√m I£nIƒ°pap≈Xv. ]e I£nIfpsSbpw A¥na t\XrXzw
Hcp hy‡nbnembncn°pw tI{μoIcn°pI. I£ncm{„obmSn
ÿm\Øn¬ Xt±i `cW ÿm]\ßfn¬ A[nImcta¬°p∂
{]mtZinI t\XrXz߃ Ft∏mgpw `ta¬ IΩn‰nIfpsS
imk\°v Iognembncn°pw. CtXmsS A[nImc hntI{μoIcWw
F∂ k¶¬]w Xs∂ A{]k‡amIp∂p. kwLS\Isf \ne
\n¿Øp∂Xv {]Xybimkv{Xßf√, AgnaXnbmWv F∂Xn\m¬
]m¿´nIfnse ta¬-Iogv _‘Øns‚ ASnÿm\hpw AgnaXn
bmIp∂p. apIfnencn°p∂hsc Xr]vXns∏SpØm≥ GXgnaXn°pw
Xmsgbp≈h¿ XbmdmIp∂p. Xt∂msSm∏w \n¬°p∂hsc GX
]ISØn¬\n∂pw c£n°p∂ t\Xm°ƒ apIfnept≈StØmfw
HcgnaXnbpw I≠p]nSn°s∏Sn√. ^eØn¬ A[nImcw AgnaXn
\SØm\p≈ Ahkcw am{XamIp∂p. sXcs™Sp∏pIfn¬ ImWn
°p∂ hmin tIhew A[nImc Xm¬]cyw am{XamWv. I£nIƒ
XΩn¬ \ne]mSpIfn¬ bmsXmcp hyXymkhpan√. A[nImcw
t\Sm≥ e£ßƒ sNehgn°p∂h¿, A[nImcØnseØnbm¬
AXv Xncn®p ]nSn°m≥ _m[yÿ cmWt√m. A[nImcw t\Sm≥
Imep amdm\pw IpXnIm¬ sh´m\pw bmsXmcp aSnbpan√mØhcmWv
\ΩpsS P\{]Xn\n[nIsf∂p sXfnbn°p∂ \nch[n A\p`h߃
\ΩpsS ap∂nep≠v . hnIk\w I£ncm{„obØn\XoXamI
Wsa∂ ap{ZmhmIyØn¬ XpSßnb {]ÿm\w Ct∏mƒ AgnaXn
I£ncm{„obØn\XoXam°n bncn°p∂p.
k¿°mdpIƒ sIm≠phcp∂ F√m km{amPyXz ]≤XnIsf
bpw Ch¿ kzmKXw sNøp∂p. F√mw AgnaXn°v h≥ km[yXbp
≈hbmWv. hnZym`ymkcwKØv Un.]n.C.]n, ]n∂oSv Fkv.Fkv.F,
BtcmKy cwKØv F≥.B¿.F®v.Fw, PehnXcW taJebn¬
Pe\n[n XpSßn F.Un._nbpsSbpw temI _m¶ns‚bpw ]≤Xn
IfpsS \SØn∏pImcmbn Ch¿ amdnbncn°p∂p.
Xt±i `cWsØ I£ncm{„obØn¬\n∂v tamNn∏n®v AXn
s\ cm{„obhXvIcn°Ww, P\]£ cm{„obØnte°v sIm≠phc
Ww. \msSßpw \S°p∂ P\Iob kac߃ Db¿Øp∂ cm{„ob
amWv Xt±i `cWØnep≠mtI≠Xv. I£n t\XrXzßsf tNmZyw
sNøp∂ {]mtZinI t\XrXz߃ hf¿∂phcWw. πm®naSbnse
(]cnanXambsX¶nepw) hnPbw \ap°v amXrbmIWw. kacßsf,
\ΩpsS aÆpw sh≈hpw h\hpw I≠epw Xochpw kwc£n°m
\p≈ kacßsf klmbn°p∂ Xt±i `cW ÿm]\ßfp≠m
IWw. AXmIs´ Cu Xt±i `cW sXcs™Sp∏nse {][m\
ap{ZmhmIyw.
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥ 6
c≠v Ihn-X-Iƒ
A_p ]md-∏p-dØv

hnI-k\ Nn¥-Iƒ
hnI-k-\-Øns‚
]pØ≥ \n¿h-N\w,
Zcn-{Zs‚ InS-∏mSw
X´n-∏-dn-°-em-Wv.
Zfn-Xs‚ \nW-sam-gn®v
sNØn-an-\p°n
]mX-sbm-cp-°-em-Wv
Ah-ti-jn-°p∂
\o¿®m-ep-Iƒ
aÆn´v aqS-em-Wv.
h\-`qan
hº≥ {kmhp-Iƒ°v
Xosd-gp-X-em-Wv.

hnI-k\ hncp-≤-X°pap≠v
]pØ≥ \n¿h-N-\w.
Zmln-°p-∂-h\v
Zml-\o-scm-cp-°-emWv
IpSn-bn-d-°-s∏-´-h\v
IpSn-sem-cp-°-emWv
hni-∂-hs\
A∂-aq-´-emWv
hnj-a-g-bpsS Cc-Iƒ°v
Bizm-k-ta-I-em-Wv.

hnI-k-\-Øn\pw Poh-c-‡-Øn\p
hnI-k-\-hn-cp-≤-X°pw
C\n-bp-samcp
]d-bm-\p-≈Xv
\n¿h-N\w knc-Isf Xgp-Ip∂
cNn-°p-hm-\m-hs´ Poh-c‡w
hnπh buh-\-Øns‚ \tΩm-tSm-Xp-∂Xv
Xncp-Øv. ssIsh´pw ssItXm°pw
iqc-Xz-a√
`ocp-Xz-am-Wv.
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥
s- ]m-cp-Xp∂ tIc-fØ
- ns‚ {]I-S\
- ]
- {- XnI
kaqlØns‚ ]ptcmKXn Dd∏m°m≥ amdn Nn¥nt°≠
Ahkcßfp≠mIpw. A]q¿hambmWv AXp≠mhpI.
At∏mƒ amdn Nn¥n°m\mbns√¶n¬ hgnap´pIbpw apt∂m´p
t]mIm\mImsX hcnIbpw sNøpw. AXv Po¿ÆXbnte°v
\bn°pw. ]ns∂ t]m°v Iogv-t]m´mIpw.
Hcp \q‰m≠p ap≥]v tIcf kaqlw AØcØnep≈ Hchÿ
t\cnSpIbp≠mbn. A∂v amdn Nn¥n°m≥ Ignbp∂h¿
Db¿∂ph∂p. Ah¿ Znimam‰Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In.
AhcpsS {]h¿Ø\amWv tIcf \thm∞m\w km[yam°n
bXv. Ah¿ Im´nb hgnbneqsS k©cn®Xn\memWv kmº
ØnItijn Ipdhmbncp∂n´pw tIcfØn\v kzmX{¥y
{]m]vXn°p ap≥]pXs∂ `mcXØnse CXc {]tZißsf
]n∂n´psIm≠v kmaqlnIambn apt∂dm≥ Ign™Xv.
tIcfw ho≠pw AØcØnep≈ Hchÿ t\cnSpIbmWv. C∂v
CXv cmPysØ G‰hpw kº∂amb kwÿm\amWv .
{]Xnio¿j hcpam\Ønepw Nnehnepw H∂mw ÿm\Øv.
]s£ t£a]≤XnIsf∂ t]cn¬ ZpcnXmizmk \S]SnI¿
ssIs°m≈m\√msX P\ßfpsS ASnÿm\{]iv\߃°v
]cnlmcw ImWm≥ \ap°mhp∂n√. `cWm[nImcnIƒ
sXmgnehkc߃ kr„n°p∂Xn¬ ]cmPbs∏´Xpaqew
kmºØnI A`bm¿∞nIfmbn hntZiØv t]mbh¿
Ab°p∂, Ct∏mƒ sIm√wtXmdpw 30,000 tImSn cq] hcp∂,
]WamWv kwÿm\sØ \ne\n¿Øp∂Xv. Cu ]WØns‚
Hcp sNdnb Awiw DXv]mZ\£aamb taJebn¬ FØnbm¬
ChnsS sFizcy]q¿Æamb kaqlw Xms\ cq]s∏Spw.
AXn\p≈ Ignhv ˛ AsXm Xmev]cysam? ˛ `cn°p∂h¿°n√.
Fßs\bmWv \ap°v Cu Zp¿KXnbp≠mbXv?
AºXn¬-]cw h¿j߃°p ap≥]v, Hcp kº∂ kaqla√mbncp∂
L´Øn¬ e£yØnseØm≥ hyXykvX am¿K߃
Nq≠n°m´p∂ cm{„ob {]ÿm\ ߃ ChnsSbp≠mbncp∂p.
Ah inYneamhpIbpw B¿°pw kz¥w i‡nbpsS am{Xw
ASnÿm\Øn¬ A[nImcØnseØm≥ IgnbmsX hcnIbpw
sNbvXt∏mƒ kpÿnc`cWw Akm[yambn. ]e ]co£
W߃°p tijw kn.]n.FΩpw tIm¨{Kkpw \bn°p∂
c≠v ap∂WnIƒ cq]s∏´p. XpS°
Øn¬ ap∂WnIsf \bn°p∂
I£nIfpsS kao]\ßfn¬ hyXym
k߃ ImWmambncp∂p. Ime
{IaØn¬ AXn√mXmbn. Hcp ap∂Wn
hn´v hcp∂hsc kzoIcn°m≥ at‰
ap∂Wn hmXnepw Xpd∂n´v Iøpw
\o´n \n¬°ptºmƒ {]Xyb imkv{X
Øn\v F¥v {]k‡nbmWp≈Xv ?
c≠v ap∂WnIfpw Ign™ \nba
k`m sXcs™Sp∏n\p ap≥]v ]pdØn
d°nb {]IS\]{XnI t\m°nbm¬
AhcpsS kao]\߃ H∂mbXmbn
ImWmw. Ccphcpw FSp°p∂ s]mXp
hmb kao]\w kmºØnI ÿm]n
XXmev ] cy߃°v A\pIqehpw
P\ßfpsS Xmev]cy߃°v FXncp
amWv. tZiob]mXm hnIk\Øns‚
7
_n.B¿.]n. `mkvI¿
ImcyØn¬ AXv \ap°v ImWmw. {]Xntj[߃ ÿesaSp
∏n\v XSkw kr„n®t∏mƒ ap∂Wn t\Xm°ƒ ]nt∂m´p
t]mIm≥ GIIWvTambn Xocpam\n®p. _n.Hm.Sn ASnÿm
\Øn¬ ]≤Xn Gs‰Sp°m≥ _mlykΩ¿±ap≠mbt∏mƒ
Ah¿ P\ßfpsS hnImcw AhKWn®psIm≠v apt∂m´p
t]mIm≥ Xocpam\n®p; AXpw GIIWvTambnØs∂.
ap∂WnIsf \bn°p∂ I£nIƒ°nSbn¬ cq]s∏´n´p≈
cm{„ossbIyØns‚ ]n∂nse kmºØnI kmaqlnI
Xmev ] cy߃ hy‡amWv . kmºØnIXeØn¬ h≥
InS°m¿s°m∏amWh¿. AhnsSØs∂ DXv]mZ\ {]{Inb
bneqsS ]Ww kºmZn°p∂htc°mƒ Ah¿°v {]nbw `qan,
tem´dn, I≈°SØv XpSßnb taJeIfnse CS]mSp
ImtcmSmWv. kmaqlnIXeØn¬ X¬ÿnXn \ne\n¿Øn
]gb ta[mhnXzhn`mKßsf H∏w \n¿Øm\mWv {iaw.
cm{„ob ssiYneyw kr„n® AÿncX adnIS°p∂Xn¬
ap∂WnIƒ hln® ]¶v \μntbmsS \ap°v Hm¿°mw. H∏w
Ah ImelcWs∏´ncn°ps∂∂v \mw Xncn®dnbpIbpw
thWw. ap∂WnIƒ Cßs\ XpScp∂nStØmfw tIcfØn¬
KpW]camb Hcp am‰hpw {]Xo£n°m\mhn√. C∂sØ
\n›emhÿ AI‰n kaqlsØ apt∂m´p \bn°m\pXIp∂
cm{„obw Db¿∂phtc≠nbncn°p∂p. AXv Hcp ]pXnb
{[phoIcWØnte°v \bn°pw. am‰w BhiyamsW∂v
IcpXp∂h¿ Xt±i kzbw`cW sXcs™Sp∏v \¬Ip∂
Ahkcw {]tbmP\s∏SpØnbm¬ AXn\p≈ kmlNcyw
kr„n°m\mhpw.
Hmtcm A©p sIm√hpw sXcs™Sp∏v \SØnbXpsIm≠p am{Xw
P\m[n]Xyw Dd∏m°m\mhn√. sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂h¿
P\Xmev]cyw ap≥-\n¿Øn A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°ptºm
gmWv kwhn[m\w P\m[n]Xy]camIp∂Xv . ]£]mXw
IqSmsX \oXn]q¿hIambn I¿Øhyw \n¿hln°msa∂v
{]Xn⁄sbSpØv A[nImcØntedp∂h¿ kz¥w
Xmev]cysam ]m¿´nXmev]cysam PmXnaX Xmev]cysam ap≥-
\n¿Øn Xocpam\ßsfSp°p∂XmWv C∂v \mw ImWp∂Xv.
_lp`qcn]£w P\ßfpw Cu kmlNcyhpambn
s]mcpØs∏´ncn°p∂p. `cWIqSw
\oXn]q¿hw {]h¿Øn°psa∂ {]Xo
£bn√mØXpsIm≠v Ah¿ GsX¶n
epw ]m¿´nbpsS sImSn°ogn¬ CSw
Is≠Øn kz¥w Xmev]cy߃ kwc
£n°p∂p. F¥p lo\IrXyw sNbvXm
epw AWnIsf kwc£n°m\p≈
NpaXe X߃°ps≠∂v Hmtcm
]m¿´nbpw hnizkn°p∂p. sImebmfn
°pw IpSpw_Øn\pw BPoh\m¥
kwc£Ww \¬Ip∂Xp apX¬
FgpØp]co£m^ew adnIS∂p tPmen
t\Sm\pw At\zjWap≠mbm¬
DØc°SemkpIƒ ap°n DtZymKw
\ne\n¿Øm\pw klmbn°p∂Xp hsc
F¥pw sNøm≥ cm{„ob c£m[nImcn
Iƒ°v aSnbn√. Cu Ahÿ am‰m\p≈
{iaw XpStß≠Xv A[nImcØns‚
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥
G‰hpw XmgsØ ]Snbmb Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfn¬
\n∂mWv. I£ncm{„obØn\p ]pdØp \n¬°p∂h¿°v
AhnsSbmWv G‰hpw ^e{]Zambn CSs]Sm\mhpI.
]m¿esa‚ v˛ \nbak`m kwhn[m\߃ ]m›mXy P\m[n]Xy
]mcºcyØn¬ \n∂v \mw kzoIcn®hbmWv. Ah Hcp `cW
]£hpw Hcp {]Xn]£hpw hn`mh\ sNøp∂p. ]©mbØv
kwhn[m\w \ΩpsSXs∂ ]mcºcyØn¬ \n∂v h∂XmWv.
AXn¬ `cW-{]Xn]£ hn`P\an√. sXcs™Sp°s∏´ F√m
AwKßfpw ASßp∂XmWv `cW \n¿hlW kanXn. BZy
ImeØv cm{„ob I£nIƒ ]©mbØp sXcs™Sp∏n¬
a’cn®ncp∂n√. ]m¿´nIfn¬ s]´hcpw ]m¿´n te_¬
IqSmsX a’cn®p. F∂m¬ ASpØ ImeØv \ΩpsS ]m¿´n
Iƒ B coXn Dt]£n®v AhnsSbpw I£ncm{„obw IpØn
s®epØn. Ct∏mƒ ]©mbØns‚ {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ ASnapSn
cm{„ob ]£]mXw \ne\n¬°p∂p.
Xt±i kzbw`cWsØ `cWLS\bpsS `mKam°nbt∏mƒ P\
]¶mfnØw Dd∏m°m≥ Hcp {Kmak`m kwhn[m\w D≠m°n.
\ΩpsS `cWhyhÿbn¬ s]uc∑m¿°v t\cn´p sN∂v
tNmZyw tNmZn°m\pw s]mXphmb Xocpam\߃ FSp°m\pw
Ignbp∂ GI thZnbmWXv. {Kmak`bpsS Xocpam\߃
am\n°m≥ sXcs™Sp°s∏´ hm¿Uv AwKØn\v
_m[yXbp≠v. kwhn[m\w \nehn¬ h∂t∏mƒ P\߃
AXyp’mltØmsS {Kmak`m tbmKßfn¬ ]s¶Sp°m≥
h∂p. ]s£ A{Xam{Xw P\m[n]XyØn\v I£nIƒ
Xømdmbncp∂n√. Ah¿ hfsc thKw kwhn[m\w XI¿Øp.
\nßfpsS hm¿Un¬ F∂v FhnsSbmWv {Kmak` tNcp
∂sX∂v \n߃ Adnbp∂pt≠m? D≠mIm\nSbn√.
]teSØpw Ct∏mƒ tbmKw \S°p∂n√. tbmKw \S∂Xmbn
tcJIfp≠m°pIbmWv ]Xnhv.
{Kmak`sb ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°Wsa¶n¬ I£ncm{„obØns‚
\ocmfn∏nSpØw Ahkm\n°Ww. tI{μw Bhnjv I cn
®n´p≈Xpw kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚ klIcWtØmsS
\S∏m°p∂Xpamb P\t£a ]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏v
]©mbØpIfpsS NpaXebmWv. B\pIqeyhnXcWØn¬
cm{„ob hnthN\hpw ]£]mXhpw \SamSp∂XpsIm≠v
]≤XnIfpsS KpWw e`n°p∂Xv G‰hpw A¿lcmbh¿°√;
]m¿´nIƒ°v G‰hpw th≠s∏´h¿°mWv. ]e ÿm]\ßfpw
A\phZn® ]Ww apgph≥ sNehm°p∂n√. Zp¿_e
hn`mK߃°p≈ ]≤XnIfpsS ImcyØnemWv CXp≠m
Ip∂Xv . Icm¿ ]WnIfnemWv F√mh¿°pw Xmev ] cyw.
]©mbØKßfpw DtZymKÿcpw IcmdpImcpw tN¿∂v
]≤XnØpIbpsS 30 apX¬ 70 iXam\w hsc Du‰nsbSpØv
\n›nX A\p]mXØn¬ hoXns®Sp°p∂Xmbn CubnsS Hcp
KthjI≥ tcJs∏SpØpIbp≠mbn. kwÿm\sØ ]e
8
]©mbØpIfpw hchpsNehp IW°v BUn‰v sNøm≥
Ab°p∂Xn¬ hogvN hcpØp∂Xmbn Iw-]v-t{Smf¿ B≥Uv
BUn‰¿ P\d¬ (kn.F.Pn) Nq≠n°mWn®n´p≠v . Cu
]›mØeØnemWv kwÿm\Øns‚ hnhn[ `mKßfn¬
sNdpXpw hepXpamb P\Iob kacßfn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°p∂
kwLS\IfpsS {]h¿ØI¿ Hcp s]mXp]cn]mSnbpsS
ASnÿm\Øn¬ Cu sXcs™Sp∏n¬ CSs]SpIsb∂
Dt±iytØmsS P\Iob sFIythZn cq]oIcn®Xv.
sFIythZn AwKoIcn® 12 C\ ]cn]mSn s]mcpXp∂
tIcfØns‚ {]IS\]{XnIbmWv.
]cn]mSnbnse {][m\ C\w Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßsf
I£ncm{„obØns‚ ]nSnbn¬\n∂v hnap‡am°pI
sb∂XmWv. AgnaXnclnXhpw \oXn]q¿hIhpamb `cWw
ImgvNsh°pI, {Kma-hm¿Uv k`Iƒ ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°pI,
IW°pIƒ bYmkabw ]q¿Ønbm°n BUn‰n\v
hnt[bam°pI, kv{XoIƒ, ZenX¿, BZnhmknIƒ XpSßnb
hn`mK߃°mbp≈ ]≤XnIƒ ]q¿Æambn \S∏m°pI
XpSßnbhbpw AXn¬ s]Sp∂p. \nehnep≈ ap∂WnIƒ°v
AIØpw ]pdØpap≈ Nne I£nIfpw XXzØn¬ ]cn]mSn
tbmSv tbmPn°p∂p≠v. Xt±i kzbw`cW sXcs™Sp∏n
eqsS P\߃ am‰ap≠mtb aXnbmIq F∂ ktμiw \¬In
bm¬ ap∂WnIsf \bn°p∂ I£nIfpw amdn Nn¥n°m≥
\n¿_‘nXcmIpw.
AºXp iXam\w kv{XokwhcWw XmgsØ X´pIƒ ip≤oIcn
°m\p≈ Ahkcw \¿Ip∂p. kwhcWw sNøs∏´ ÿm\
߃ \ndbv°m\mhiyamb{X kv{XoI¿ Hcp I£nbnepan√.
F√m I£nIfpw tN¿∂mepw AXn\p≈ kv{XoIfp≠mhn√.
t\Xm°fpsS _‘p°sfm t]mjIkwLS\Ifn¬
s]´hscm Bb kv{XoIsf A¶Ø´n¬ Cd°m\p≈ {ia
amWv \S°p∂Xv. aq∂nsem∂v ko‰pIƒ kwhcWw sNbvX
L´Ønepw F√m ]m¿´nIfpw CXp Xs∂bmWv sNbvXXv.
AXneqsS kv { Xo{]mXn\n[yw Iq´msa∂√msX kv { Xo
im‡oIcWw km[yas√∂v A\p`hw ]Tn∏n°p∂p. kzX
{¥ambn Nn¥n°m\pw {]h¿Øn°m\pw Ignhp≈ kv{XoIsf
sXcs™Sp°m\mbm¬ AgnaXnclnXhpw \oXn]q¿hI
hpamb `cWØn\p≈ km[yX Gdpsa∂ ImcyØn¬
kwibw th≠. ]s£ cm{„obw kv{XoIƒ°v ]‰nb taJe
bs√∂ Nn¥ a≤yh¿£ßfn¬ i‡amIbm¬ tbmKy
cmbh¿ a’ccwKØndßm≥ aSn°pw. Hcp Ncn{X\ntbmKw
ImØncn°pIbmsW∂v t_m[ys∏SpØn Ahsc apt∂m´p
sIm≠phcm≥ Ign™m¬ ]©mbØpXeØn¬ I£n
cm{„obw Hgnhm°m\pw Aßs\ P\Iob sFIythZnbpsS
]cn]mSnbnse a‰n\߃ {]mh¿ØnIam°m\p≈ kmlNcyw
kr„n°phm\pw Ignbpw.

P\Iob sFIythZn Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ sXcs™Sp∏v kw_‘n®v

apt∂m´p sh®n´p≈ ]{¥≠n\ ]cn]mSn
1. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßsf I£ncm{„obØns‚ ]nSnbn¬ \n∂v tamNn∏n°pI.
2. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßsf AgnaXnap‡am°pI.
3. B\pIqeyhnXcWØnse ]£]mXnXzw Ahkm\n∏n°pI.
4. hm¿Uv/{Kma k`Isf ]p\cp÷ohn∏n®v P\]¶mfnØw bmYm¿∞yam°pI.
5. kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS IW°pIƒ bYmkabw ]q¿Ønbm°n HmUn‰n\v hnt[bam°pI.
6. hnIk\{]{Inbbn¬ P\Xmev]cyØn\v ap≥-KW\ \¬IpI.
7. ]cnÿnXn kwc£n®psIm≠v kpÿnchnIk\w km[yam°pI.
8. kv{Xoim‡oIcWw ]cmPbs∏SpØp∂ cm{„ob CSs]S¬ Ahkm\n∏n°pI.
9. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfn¬ sP≥U¿ _UvP‰nMv G¿s∏SpØpI.
10. ZenXv˛BZnhmkn ]≤XnIƒ ]q¿Æambn \S∏nem°pI.
11. ]©mbØpIfpsS \„s∏´ A[nImc߃ ]p\:ÿm]n°pI.
12. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfnse AwKßsf Xncn®phnfn°m≥ hyhÿ sNøpI.
]©m-bØv 1
_p . ≈- . ddn . ≥ 9

thWw \-t∑-Op-°f- p-sS Iq-´m-ba-v I

- ƒ
\-Ωp-sS \m-´n¬ cm-{„o-b-∏m¿-´n-Iƒ G-sd-bp≠v. Np-cp-°-Øn¬, P-\w a-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. B-tcm-Sp tNm-Zn-
]-d-™n-s´-¥v? H-cp cm-{„-∏m¿-´n \n¿-h-ln-t°-≠ ®m-epw \-Ωp-sS \m-´n-s‚ Zp¿-`-Kam-b Cu Zp-c-h-
[¿-aw Bcpw \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂n√. kz-¥w Im-cy-em-`- ÿ-bn¬ a\w-s\m-¥v tI-gp-∂h - t- c-bp≈q. CXn-s\m-
Øn-em-sW√m-h¿°pw IÆv. cm-{„o-bw h-cp-am-\Ø - n- cp ]-cn-lm-cw km-[y-as√? km-[y-am-sW-∂v R-߃
\p-≈ H-cp t{S-Uv am-{X-amWv. A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øp- hn-iz-kn-°p∂p. \m-´n¬ \-t∑-Op-°-fm-W-[n-I-hpw.
∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv hm-Kv-Zm-\-ß-fn-eqsS, {]-tem-`-\-ß-fn- k-Xy-Ønepw [¿-a-Ønepw A-h¿-°p hn-izm-k-ap
eqsS, {]-tIm-]\ - ß
- f - n-eq-sS X-cmX-cw A-h¿ P-\ß- ≠v. A-Xm-Wv km-aqln-I Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ A-SnØd
sf ]n-gn-bp∂p. A-[n-Im-cØ - n-se-Ønbm-tem? F-∂m- -bm-tI-≠-sX-∂-h¿ a-\- n-em-°p-∂p. H-cp {]tXyI
ep-an√ P-\-߃-s°m-cp c-£-bpw! tIm-gbpw ssI- a-X-Øn¬ hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶n¬ t]m-epw, s]m-Xp-ap-
°q-en-bp-an√m-sX G-‰hpw A¿-lam-b H-c-h-Im-iw X¬ H-cp-]n-Sn-bm-fp-Iƒ I-´p-ap-Sn-°p-∂Xpw sIm-≈-
t]mepw A-[nIm-c ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂v A-\p-h-Zn- sN-bv-Xp tI-a-∑m-cm-bn \-S-°p-∂Xpw Bcpw C-„-
®p-In-´p-I-bn√. t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b-\p-Iƒ kw-LSn-X s∏-Sp-∂n√.
i‡n-sIm-≠v "t\m-°p-Iq-en' hm-ßp∂ t]mse,
P-\t- k-h\ - Ø
- n-\n-dß - m≥ F√m-h¿°pw I-gn-™n-s√-∂p
D-tZym-K-ÿ¿ A-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚ ap-jv°p-sIm≠v
h-cmw. F-∂m¬ kzm¿-YX - m¬-]c - y-°m-scbpw tk-h-
"H-∏p-Iqen' hm-ßp∂p. Iq-en-bn√m-Ø tI-h-e tkh- \-Øn-s‚ aq-Sp-]S- a - W- n-™h - s - cbpw Xn-cn-®d- n-bm≥ A-
\w ]-t≠ ap-X-em-fn-Ø-Øn-∂-dn-bn√. AXp-sIm-≠v h¿-°p I-gn-bpw. ImcWw Cu hy-‡n-Ifpw kw-L-
sXm-gn-em-fn h¿-K-Øn-∂-[n-Im-cw e-`n-®m¬ Cu S-\I
- fp-sam-s° A-hc - p-sS ho-´nepw \m-´nepw A-b¬-
Zpx- ÿ n- X n am- d p- s a- ∂ m- W v P- \ w {]- X o- £ n- ® Xv . ]-°Øp-sam-s°-bm-Wv h-kn-°p-∂Xv. A-Xn-\m¬ \-
]s£, kw-`-hn-®-tXm? A-h¿ Nq-j-W-Øn¬ ]-g-b t∑-Op-°fm-b P-\-ß-fp-sS Iq-´m-bv-a-Iƒ cq-]-s∏-
ap-X-em-fn-am-sc I-S-Øn-sh-´n-bn-cn-°p∂p. tIm-g°pw SWw. km-[m-cW - ° - m¿-°p e-`n-t°-≠ k¿-°m¿ k-
ssI-°q-en-°p-sam-∂pw H-cp ]-™-hp-an√. B¿-`m- lm-bß - ƒ A-h¿-°p e-`y-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I, k¿-
V-hpw [q¿Øpw Fßpw A-c-ßp-X-I¿-Øp Xn-an¿- °m¿ ]-≤X - n-Iƒ P-\ß - f - n-te-s°-Øn-°p-I, A-gn-a-
Øm-Sp∂p. a-‰p-≈-h-cn¬ hntZ-i k-lm-bw B-tcm- Xnbpw ssI-°q-enbpw A-hk - m-\n-∏n-°p-I, Np-h∏ - p-
]n-°p-∂h¿, hn-tZ-i-∏-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n \n-c¥-cw `q- \m-Sb- n¬ Ip-Sp-ßn-°n-S° - p-∂ hn-Ik - \ - - ]-≤X - n-Iƒ
J-fi-߃ Np-‰n-Øn-cn-bp∂p. Ip-Ø-I ap-X-em-fn- bm-Ym¿-∞y-am-°p-I, k¿-°m¿ ]-≤X - n-If - n-s√-¶nepw
am¿°pw A-h-cp-sS B¿-`m-V-߃°pw th-≠n sN-dpIn-S ]-en-ic - ln-X ]-ck - v]- c - klm-b ]-≤X - n-
]- ´ n- W n- ∏ m- h - ß - f p- s S Iq- c - I ƒ C- S n- ® p- \ n- c Øn, Iƒ ÿm-]n-®p km-[m-cW - ° - m¿-°p ]-en-ib - n√m-sX
ssl-th-Ifpw ]m¿-°p-Ifpw ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-°p∂p. A- hm-bv]- I- ƒ e-`y-am-°p-I, IpSn-sh-≈a - n√m-sX {]-bm-
Xß-s\ kw-`h - n-®n-s√-¶n-te A-¤p-Xa - p≈q. aq-eyß- k-s∏-Sp-∂ {]-tZ-iß - f - n¬ D-Zm-ca - X - n-If - p-sS k-lm-
sf X-≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿. ssZ-h-Ønepw ]-c-tem-I-hn- b-߃ kzo-Ic - n-®p P-eh - n-Xc - W
- ] - ≤ - X - n-Iƒ \-S∏ - n-
Nm-c-W-bnepw hn-izm-k-an√m-Øh¿. A-h¿ B-sc em°p-I Xp-Sßn-b tk-h\ - {- ]-h¿-∞\ - ß - ƒ-°n-dß - n-
`-b-s∏-Sm≥? B-sI `-b-s∏-Sm-\p≈-Xv \n-b-a-sØ- Øn-cn-°p-∂h - c- p-sS Iq-´m-bva.
bmWv. A-Xm-hs´, A-h-cp-sS I-øn-epw. C-Xn¬ H-cp
]m¿-´nbpw a-s‰m-cp ]m¿-´n-tb-°mƒ t`-Z-sa-∂p ]-d- t]m-°n-cnØ-cw sIm≠pw A-[n-Im-ca - p-j°v p-sIm≠pw _-
bm-\n√. F√m-hcpw \-·-cmWv Cu Ip-fn-ap-dn-bn¬! e{]-tbm-Kw sIm≠pw C-Xn-s\ t\-cn-Sm≥ B¿°pw
I-gn-bn√. AØ-cw Im-SØ - ß - ƒ P-\Io-b Iq-´m-bva - -
Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \m-´n-s‚ hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n bp-sS hocyw h¿-[n-∏n-°pI-tb sN-øp-Ib - p≈q. P-\-
tI-{μ˛kw-ÿm-\ `-c-W-Iq-S-߃ ]-e ]-≤-Xn-Ifpw ߃-°p th≠n, \o-Xn-°p-th-≠n P-\ß - ƒ I-Øn-
B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-dp≠v. A-Xm-Wt√m `-cWw! F- ®p-sh-°p-∂ Pm-Pz-ey-am-\am-b CØ-cw sI-Sm-hn-f-
∂m¬ Cu ]-≤-Xn-I-fn¬ ]-eXpw \m-´n-te-°n-d-ßm- °pIƒ Du-Xn-s°-Sp-Øm-sa-∂m-sc-¶nepw hym-tam-ln-
°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A-h¿-°p sX‰n. Imc-Ww Nn-e¿ sX-
sX I-S-em-kn¬ am{X-sam-Xp-ßp-Ibpw A-h-bv-°-\p-
‰p-≤c - n-°p-∂Xp-t]m-se C-sXm-‰s - ∏-´ Ip-dp-°p-ap-∂-
h-Zn-® kw-Jy em-]v-km-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-Xm-
Wn-bm-hp-Ib - n√. a-dn-®p k-Xyhpw k-aX - zhpw kzm-
Wv km-[m-cW- kw-`hw. h√Xpw \m-´n-te-°n-dß - nbm-
X-{¥yhpw km-tlm-Zc - yhpw km-aqln-I \o-Xnbpw k-
tem? A-h-bv-°-\p-h-Zn-® kw-Jy-bp-sS ap-°m¬ `m-
\m-X\ - aq-ey-ßfpw \m-´n¬ \n-e\ - n¬-°W - s - a-∂m-
Khpw X¬-]-c I-£n-I-fp-sS Io-i-bn¬. \m-´n-ep-S-
{K-ln-°p-∂ km-[m-cW - a-\p-jy-cp-sS _-en-jvTam-b
\o-fw Ip≠pw Ip-gn-bp-am-bn-°n-S-°p∂ tdm-Up-Ifpw
Iq-´m-ba - I
- f
- m-bn-cn-°pw. _-lpkz-c k-aq-lØ - n¬ ]c-
s]m-´n-s∏m-fn-™ ]m-e-ß-fpw, tNm¿-s∂m-en-®p-ho-
a-X hn-tZz-ja - n√msX, k-ln-jvW - p-Xt- bm-sS kvt- \-
gm≥ sh-ºp∂ tImf-\n ho-Sp-Ifpw s]m´n-sbm-en®pw l-Øn-s‚bpw ku-lm¿-±Ø - n-s‚bpw ]-cna-fw {]-k-
h-‰n-h-c≠pw {]-tbm-P-\-iq-\yam-b Ip-Sn-sh-≈ ]-≤- cn-∏n-°p-∂ Iq-´m-bva - . A-Xm-Wn-\n \m-´n-ep-S\ - o-fw D-
Xn-Ifp-sam-s° C-Xn-s‚ Po-hn-°p-∂ D-Zm-l-c-W-ß- b¿-∂p-ht- c-≠ cm-{„o-b Iq-´m-bva - Iƒ.
fmWv.

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