ABSTRACT

In railway stations, near restaurants etc we see fortune telling systems with
different LED running patterns. One such application is the project Dancing LEDS. The
Project Dancing LEDs is the basic and the most fundamental part in microcontrollers. In
order to write a code for a particular application, we interface many devices to our
microcontroller for perfect functionality. The basic interfacings which are used in almost
all applications are mainly two. They are switch and LED.

Switch is considered as an input device and LED as an output device with

reference to microcontroller. Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in
electronics. They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For their low
price, low consumption and simple use, they have almost completely pushed aside other
light sources- bulbs at first place. They perform similar to common diodes with the
difference that they emit light when current flows through them.

It is important to know that each diode will be immediately destroyed unless its
current is limited. This means that a conductor must be connected in parallel to a diode.
In order to correctly determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diode’s
voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on what material a diode is made of and
what colour it is. Values typical for the most frequently used diodes are shown in table
below: As seen, there are three main types of LEDs. Standard ones get full brightness at
current of 20mA. Low Current diodes get full brightness at ten times lower current while
Super Bright diodes produce more intensive light than Standard ones.

In this project, a running pattern of 8 LEDS will be connected to one complete

port of microcontroller. Whenever a switch is pressed, the microcontroller detects this
switch press and produces a dancing pattern on these 8 LEDS. 8 such switches are used
to produce eight different running patterns.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

SWITCHES LED1
ARRAY

LED 2

8 LED 3
0
LED 4
CRYSTAL 5
CIRCUIT
1 LED 5

LED 6
RESET
CIRCUIT
LED 7

LED 8