Sei sulla pagina 1di 163

eroberogeday lwm pl:ún

briBaØabR&tKNitviTüa nig BaNiC¢kmµ

Sin( a+b )=sinacosb+sinbcosa


Sin( a – b )=sinacosb-sinbcosa
Cos( a+b )=cosacosb – sinasinb
Cos( a – b )=cosacosb+sinasinb

 2008
GñkshkarN_RtYtBinitübec©keTs
elak lwm qun
elak Esn Bisidæ
elak Titü em¨g
elakRsI Tuy rINa
elak RBwm suxnit
elak pl b‘unqay
GñkrcnaRkb nig bec©keTskMBüÚT&r
kBaØa lI KuNÑaka

GñkRtYtBinitüGkçaraviruTæ
elak lwm miK:sir

© rkßasiTæi lwm pl:ún 2008


GarmÖkfa
esovePA GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRtEdlGñksikßakMBugkan´enAkñúgéd
en¼xMJúáTánxitxMRsavRCav nigniBnæeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgTukCaÉksar
RsavRCavsRmab´GñksikßaEdlmanbMNgcg´ec¼ cg´dwgGMBIemeronen¼
[kan´Etc,as´ . enAkñúgesovePA en¼ánRbmUlpþMúnUvRbFanlMhat´lð@
ya¨geRcIn nigmanlkçN¼xusEbøk@Kña.RbFanlMhat´nImYy@xMJúáTán
xitxMeRCIserIsya¨gsRmitsRmaMgbMputRBmTaMgeFIVdMeNa¼Rsayya¨g
ek,a¼k,ayEdlGac[Gñksikßagayyl´nigqab´cgcaMGMBIviFIsaRsþeFIV
dMeNa¼RsaylMhat´nImYy@ . b¨uEnþeTa¼Caya¨gNak¾eday kgV¼xat
bec©keTs Kruekaslü nig kMhusGkçraviruTæRákdCaekItmaneLIg
edayGectnaCaBMuxaneLIy . GaRs&yehtuen¼xMJúáTCaGñkniBnæ
rg´caMTTYlnUvmtiri¼Kn´EbbsSabnaBIsMNak´GñksikßakñúgRKb´mCÄdæan
edaykþIesamnsßrIkrayCanic©edIm,IEklMGesovePAen¼[kan´Etman
suRkitüPaBEfmeTot .
xMJúáTCaGñkniBnæsgÇwmfaesovePA GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt
mYyk,alen¼nwgcUlrYmnaMelakGñkeq<a¼eTArkC&yCMn¼kñúgkarsikßa nig
karRbLgRbECgnanaCaBMuxaneLIy .
sUm[GñksikßaTaMgGs´mansuxPaBlðman®áCJaQøasév nigman
sMNaglðkñúgqakCIvit nig karsikßa !
át´dMbgéf¶TI 7 Ex mkra qñaM 2008
GñkniBnæ nig RsavRCav lwm pl:ún
emeronsegçb

GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt
1¿ TMnak´TMngsMxan´@
enAelIrgVg´RtIekaNmaRteyIgtag è CargVas´énmMu
 
( ox , OM ) .

eKán OP = cos è , OQ = sin è .


y

Q M


o
x' P x

1
eKánTMnak´TMngsMxan´@énGnuKmn_rgVg´RtIekaNmaRtdUcxag
eRkam ½
2 2
1¿ sin è + cos è = 1 4¿ tan è . cot è = 1
sin è 2
1
2¿ tan è = cos è 5¿ 1+ tan è = cos è 2

cos è 2
1
3¿ cot è = sin è 6¿ 1+ cot è = sin è2

2¿ rUbmnþplbUk nig pldk


1¿ sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + sin b cos a
2¿ cos(a + b) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
tan a + tan b
3¿ tan(a + b) = 1 - tan a tan b
4¿ sin(a - b) = sin a cos b - sin b cos a
5¿ cos(a - b) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
a - tan b
6¿ tan(a - b) = 1tan
+ tan a tan b

2
3¿ rUmnþmMuDub
1¿ sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a
2 2 2
2¿ cos 2a = cos a - sin a = 2 cos a - 1 = 1 - sin 2 a

3¿ tan 2a = 12- tan


tan a
a
2

4¿ rUbmnþknø¼mMu
2 a 1 - cos a
1¿ sin 2 = 2
a 1 + cos a
2
2¿ cos 2 = 2
a 1 - cos a
2
3¿ tan 2 = 1 + cos a
x
5¿ kenßam sin x , cos x , tan x CaGnuKmn_én t = tan
2
1¿ sin x = 1 +2tt
2

2
1-t
2¿ cos x = 1 + t 2

3¿ tan x = 11+- tt 2

3
6¿ kenßam sin 3a , cos 3a , tan 3a
3
1¿ sin 3a = 3 sin a - 4 sin a
3
2¿ cos 3a = 4 cos a - 3 cos a
3
3 tan a - tan a
3¿ tan 3a = 1 - 3 tan a 2

7¿ rUbmnþbMElgBIplKuNeTAplbUk
1
1¿ cos a cos b = 2 [ cos(a + b) + cos(a - b) ]
1
2¿ sin a sin b = 2 [ cos(a - b) - cos(a + b) ]
3¿ sin a cos b = 12 [ sin(a + b) + sin(a - b) ]
4¿ sin b cos a = 12 [ sin(a + b) - sin(a - b) ]
6¿ rUbmnþbMElgBIplbUkeTAplKuN
p+q p-q
1¿ cos p + cos q = 2 cos 2 cos 2
p+q p-q
2¿ cos p - cos q = -2 sin 2 sin 2
p+q p-q
3¿ sin p + sin q = 2 sin 2 cos 2
4
p-q p+q
4¿ sin p - sin q = 2 sin cos
2 2
sin(p + q)
5¿ tan p + tan q =
cos p cos q
sin(p - q)
6¿ tan p - tan q =
cos p cos q
sin(p + q)
7¿ cot p + cot q =
sin p sin q
sin(q - p)
8¿ cot p - cot q =
sin p sin q
7¿ smIkarRtIekaNmaRt
1¿ smIkar sin u = sin v mancemøIy
u = v + 2kð
u = ð - v + 2kð , k ∈ Z
2¿ smIkar cos u = cos v mancemøIy
u = v + 2kð
u = - v + 2kð , k ∈ Z
3¿ smIkar tan u = tan v mancemøIy u = v + kð

5
8¿ rUbmnþbEmøgFñÚEdlKYkt´sMKal´
ð
sin ( - è) = cos è
2
ð
1¿ cos ( - è) = sin è
2
ð
tan ( - è) = cot è
2
sin (ð - è) = sin è
2¿ cos (ð - è) = - cos è
tan (ð - è) = - tan è
ð
sin ( + è) = cos è
2
ð
3¿ cos ( + è) = - sin è
2
ð
tan ( + è) = - cot è
2
sin (ð + è) = - sin è
4¿ cos (ð + è) = - cos è
tan (ð + è) = tan è
sin (è + 2kð) = sin è
5¿ cos (è + 2kð) = cos è
tan (è + kð) = tan è , ∀k∈ Z
6
9¿ RkahVikGnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt
1¿ ExßekagGnuKmn_ y = sin x
y

( C ) : y = sinx
1

0 1 x

2¿ ExßekagGnuKmn_ y = cos x
y

1 ( C ) : y = cosx

0 1 x

7
3¿ ExßekagGnuKmn_ y = tan x
y

1
( C ) : y = tanx

0 1 x

4¿ ExßekagGnuKmn_ y = cot x
y

0 1 x

8
lMhat´ nig dMeNa¼Rsay
lMhat´TI1
eK[ cos á = b +a c , cos â = c b+ a , cos ã = a +c b
cUrRsayfa tan á2 + tan â2 + tan ã2 = 1 .
2 2 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa tan á2 + tan â2 + tan ã2 = 1
2 2 2

á 1 - cos á
2 á 1 + cos á
2
eyIgman sin 2 = 2 , cos
2
=
2
a
á 1 - cos á 1-
eKán tan 2 = = b+c = b+c-a
2 1 + cos á a b+c+a
1+
b+c
b
â 1 - cos â 1 -
tan 2 = = c+a = c+a -b
2 1 + cos â b c+a+b
1+
c+a
c
2 ã 1 - cos ã 1 - a + b a + b - c
tan = = =
2 1 + cos ã c a+b+c
1+
a+b 9
á â ã b+c - a c+a -b a+b - c
tan2 + tan2 + tan2 = + +
2 2 2 a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
á â ã b+c -a+c+a -b+a+b -c
tan2 + tan2 + tan2 =
2 2 2 a+b+c
á â ã a+b+c
tan2 + tan2 + tan2 = =1 .
2 2 2 a+b+c
á â ã
dUcen¼ tan2 + tan2 + tan 2 = 1 .
2 2 2
lMhat´TI2
b
eK[ tan è = a
.
cos 8 è sin 8 è 1
cUrRsayfa + = .
a3 b3 (a + b) 3
dMeNa¼Rsay
8
sin 8 è 1
Rsayfa cosa 3
+
è
b3
=
(a + b) 3
b 2 b
eKman tan è = naM[ tan è =
a a
sin è
eday tan è =
cos è
2
sin è b
eKán cos =
è a2

2 2 2 2
1
smmUl sinb è = cosa è = sin èb ++ cos
a
è
=
a+b
2 8
sin è 1 sin è b
eKTaj b = a + b naM[ b = (a + bI 3 4
(1)
10
cos 2 è 1 cos 8 è a
ehIy = naM[ 3
= 4
(2)
a a+b a (a + bI
bUkTMnak´TMng (1) nig (2) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
cos 8 è sin8 è a+b 1
+ = =
a3 b3 (a + b) 4 (a + b) 3
cos 8 è sin 8 è 1
dUcen¼ + = .
a3 b3 (a + b) 3
lMhat´TI3
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyman a , b , c CargVas´RCugQm
erogKñaénmMu A , B , C .
tag p Caknø¼brimaRténRtIekaN .
k¿cUrRsayfa sin A2 = (p - bbc )(p - c)

rYcTajrkTMnak´TMngBIreTotEdlRsedogKñaen¼ .
x¿cUrbgHajfa sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 ≤ 18
3
nig cos A + cos B + cos C ≤ 2 .

11
dMeNa¼Rsay
A

B C

A (p - b)(p - c)
Rsayfa sin =
2 bc
A 1 - cos A
2
eKman sin =
2 2
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUsGnuvtþn_kñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman
b +c -a 2 2 2

a = b + c - 2bc cos A eKTaj cos A =


2 2 2

2bc
b2 + c 2 - a2
1- 2bc - b2 - c 2 + a 2
2 A 2bc
eKán sin = =
2 2 4bc
A a - (b - 0c)
2 2
(a + b - c)(a - b + c)
sin2 = =
2 4bc 4bc
eday a + b + c = 2p
ena¼ a + b - c = 2(p - c) , a - b + c = 2(p - b)
12
2 A 2(p - c).2(p - b)
eKán sin =
2 4bc
A (p - b)(p - c)
naM[ sin = .
2 bc
A (p - b)(p - c)
dUcen¼ sin = .
2 bc
eKGacTajTMnak´TMngRsedogKñaen¼dUcxageRkam ½
B (p - a)(p - c) C (p - a)(p - b)
sin = , sin = .
2 ac 2 ab
A B C 1
x¿bgHajfa sin sin sin ≤
2 2 2 8
A (p - b)(p - c)
tamsRmayxagelIeKman sin =
2 bc
B (p - a)(p - c) C (p - a)(p - b)
sin = , sin = .
2 ac 2 ab
A B C (p - a)(p - b)(p - c)
eKán sin sin sin = (1)
2 2 2 abc
tamvismPaBkUsIu á + â ≥ 2 á .â

eKán (p - a) + (p - b) ≥ 2 (p - a)(p - b)
2p - a - b ≥ 2 (p - a)(p - c)
c ≥ 2 (p - a)(p - b)
(p - a)(p - b) 1
eKTaj ≤ (2)
c 2
13
(p - b)(p - c) 1
dUcKñaEdr ≤ (3)
a 2
(p - a)(p - c) 1
nig ≤ (4)
b 2
KuNTMnak´TMng (2) , (3) ,(4) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
(p - a)(p - b)(p - c) 1
≤ (5)
abc 8
tamTMnak´TMng nig(1) (5)
A B C 1
eKTaj sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ≤ 8 .
3
bgHajfa cos A + cos B + cos C ≤ 2
eyIgman
A B+C B-C
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 - 2 sin2 + 2 cos cos
2 2 2
A A B-C
= 1 - 2 sin2 + 2 sin cos
2 2 2
A A B-C
= 1 - 2 sin ( sin - cos )
2 2 2
A B+C B-C
= 1 - 2 sin ( cos - cos )
2 2 2
A B C
= 1+ 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
eKTaj cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
14
A B C 1
tamsRmayxagelIeKman sin sin sin ≤
2 2 2 8
1 3
ehtuen¼ cos A + cos B + cos C ≤ 1 + 4 ( ) =
2 2
lMhat´TI4
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyman a , b , c CargVas´RCugQm
erogKñaénmMu A , B , C .
tag p Caknø¼brimaRténRtIekaN .
A p(p - a)
k¿cUrRsayfa cos   bc rYcTajrkTMnak´TMng
BIreTotEdlRsedogKñaen¼ .
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa bc . cos A  ac. cos B  ab. cos C  p
   

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa cos A  p(pbc a)
A

B C 15
eKman cos A    cos


A

tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUsGnuvtþn_kñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman


2 2 2
2 2 2 b c a
a  b  c  2bc cos A eKTaj cos A 
2bc
b2  c2  a2
1
2 A 2 bc 2bc  b 2  c 2  a 2
eKán cos  
2 2 4bc
2 2
A (b  c)  a (b  c  a)(b  c  a)
cos 2  
2 4bc 4bc
eday a  b  c  2p ena¼ b  c  a  2 (p  a)
A 2p . 2(p  a) p(p  a)
2
eKán cos 2  4bc  bc
A p(p  a)
¦ cos 
2 bc
A p(p  a)
dUcen¼ cos  .
2 bc
eKTajánTMnak´TMngRsedogKñaen¼dUcxageRkam ½
B p(p  b) C p(p  c)
cos 
2 ac
, cos 
2 ab
.

16
2 A 2 B 2 C
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa bc . cos  ac. cos  ab. cos  p2
2 2 2
A p(p  a)
tamsRmayxagelIeKman  cos
2 bc
B p(p  b) C p(p  c)
cos  , cos 
2 ac 2 ab
A 2
eKTaj bc cos  p(p  a)  p 2  p . a
2
B
2
ac cos  p(p  b)  p 2  p . b
2
2 C
ab cos  p(p  c)  p 2  p . c
2
2A 2 B 2 C
bc . cos  ac. cos  ab. cos  3p 2  p (a  b  c)
2 2 2
 3p 2  2p 2  p 2
A B C
dUcen¼ bc . cos 2  ac. cos 2  ab. cos 2  p 2 .
2 2 2

17
lMhat´TI5
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukñúgCamMuRsYc .
k¿cUrRsayfa tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A. tan B. tan C
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa tan A  tan B  tan C  3 3 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A. tan B. tan C
eyIgman A  B  C  ð ¦ A  B  ð  C
eKán tan(A  B)  tan(ð  C)
tan A  tan B
  tan C
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B   tan C  tan A tan B tan C
dUcen¼ tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A. tan B. tan C .
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa tan A  tan B  tan C  3 3
eday A , B , C CamMuRsYc ( tamsmµtikmµ )
eKTaj tan A  0 , tan B  0 , tan C  0
tamvismPaBkUsIueyIgGacsresr ½
3
tan A  tan B  tan C  3 tan A. tan B. tan C
eday tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A. tan B. tan C
18
eKán tan A  tan B  tan B  3 3 tan A  tan B  tan C
(tan A  tan B  tan C)3  27 (tan A  tan B  tan C)
(tan A  tan B  tan C)2  27
dUcen¼ tan A  tan B  tan C  3 3 .
lMhat´TI6
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukñúgCamMuRsYc .
2 2 2
cUrRsayfa cos A  cos B  cos C  1
dMeNa¼Rsay
2 2 2
Rsayfa cos A  cos B  cos C  1
A

B C

tag T  cos2 A  cos 2 B  cos2 C

19
1  cos 2 A 1  cos 2B
   cos2 C
2 2
cos 2 A  cos 2B
 1  cos 2 C
2
 1  cos( A  B) cos( A  B)  cos2 C
 1  cos(ð  C) cos( A  B)  cos 2 C
 1  cos C cos( A  B)  cos 2 C
 1  cos C  cos(A  B)  cos C 
 1  cos C  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B) 
 1  2 cos A cos B cos C
2 2 2
eKán cos A  cos B  cos C  1  2 cos A cos B cos C
eday A , B , C CamMuRsYcena¼ cosA  0 , cosB  0 , cosC  0
naM[ 1  2 cos A cos B cos C  1
2 2 2
dUcen¼ cos A  cos B  cos C  1

20
lMhat´TI7
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukñúgCamMuRsYc .
2 2 2
cUrRsayfa sin A  sin B  sin C  2 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
2 2 2
Rsayfa sin A  sin B  sin C  2
2 2 2
tag T  sin A  sin B  sin C
1  cos2A 1  cos2B
   1  cos2 C
2 2
cos2A  cos2B
2  cos2 C
2
 2  cos(A  B) cos(A  B)  cos2 C
 2  cosC cos(A  B)  cosC
 2  cosC cos(A  B)  cosC 
 2  cosC  cos(A  B)  cos(A  B) 
 2  2 cos A cosB cosC
eday A , B , C CamMuRsYcena¼ cos A  0 , cos B  0 , cos C  0
naM[ 2  2 cos A cos B cos C  2
2 2 2
dUcen¼ sin A  sin B  sin C  2

21
lMhat´TI8
4 4
eK[ cosa x  sinb x  a 1 b
Edl a  0 , b  0 , a  b  0 .
10 10
cos x sin x 1
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa a  b  (a  b) .
4 4 4

dMeNa¼Rsay
10 10
cos x sin x 1
RsaybBa¢ak´fa a  b  (a  b)
4 4 4

cos 4 x sin 4 x 1
eyIgman  
a b ab
eyIgout
án (a  b)(b cos 4 x  a sin 4 x)  ab
ab cos4 x  a2 sin4 x  b2 cos4 x  ab sin4 x  ab  0
a2 sin4 x  b2 cos4 x  ab (sin4 x  cos4 x  1 )  0
a2 sin2 x  b2 cos4 x  ab  (sin2 x  cos2 x)2  2 sin2 x cos2 x  1
a2 sin2 x  b2 cos4 x  2ab sin2 x cos2 x  0
(a sin2 x  b cos2 x)  0

cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x  sin 2 x 1


eKTaj   
a b ab ab
cos 2 x 1 c o s10 x a
eKán  4

naM[ 5
(1)
a ab a (a  b)

22
10
sin2 x 1 sin x a
ehIy  naM[ 4
 5
(2)
b ab b (a  b)
cos10 x sin10 x ab 1
bUksmIkareKán   
a4 b4 (a  b)5 (a  b)4
lMhat´TI9
ð2 2ð 2 4ð 2
cUrKNna S  sin  sin  sin
7 7 7
dMeNa¼Rsay
2ð 2ð 2 4ð 2
KNna S  sin  sin  sin
7 7 7
2ð 4ð 8ð
1  cos 1  cos 1  cos
eyIgán S 7  7  7
2 2 2
3 1 2ð 4ð 8ð
  ( cos  cos  cos )
2 2 7 7 7
2ð 4ð 8ð
tag T  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7
5ð 3ð ð
 cos (ð  )  cos (ð  )  cos (ð  )
7 7 7
5ð 3ð ð
  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7
ð
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg 2 sin eKán ½
7
ð 5ð ð 3ð ð ð ð
2 T sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
23
tamrUbmnþ 2 cos a sin b  sin( a  b)  sin( a  b)
ð 5ð ð 3ð ð ð ð
2 T sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
ð 6ð 4ð 4ð 2ð 2ð
2 T sin   ( sin  sin )  (sin  sin )  sin
7 7 7 7 7 7
ð 6ð ð ð
2 T sin   sin   sin(ð  )   sin
7 7 7 7
1 3 1 1 7
eKTaj T naM[ S   ( ) 
2 2 2 2 4
2 ð 2 2ð 2 4ð 7
dUcen¼ S  sin  sin  sin  .
7 7 7 4
lMhat´TI10
2ð 4ð 8ð
cUrKNna S  sin 7  sin 7  sin 7
dMeNa¼Rsay
eKman sin 27ð  sin 57ð , sin 47ð  sin 37ð , sin 87ð   sin 7ð
2ð ð 8ð 4ð
ehIy sin 7  sin 7   sin 7 nig sin 7  0
5ð 3ð ð
eKán S  sin  sin  sin 0
7 7 7
elIkGg:TaMBIrCakaereKán ½
5ð 3ð ð 5ð 3ð 5ð ð 3ð ð
S2  sin2  sin2  sin2  2 sin sin  2 sin sin  2 sin sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

24
5ð 3ð ð
tag M  sin2  sin2  sin 2
7 7 7
10ð 6ð 2ð
cos  cos  cos
3 7 7 7
 
2 2
3 1 3ð ð 5ð 
   cos(ð  )  cos(ð  )  cos(ð  ) 
2 2  7 7 7 
3 1 3ð ð 5ð
  (  cos  cos  cos )
2 2 7 7 7
5ð 3ð ð
yk T   cos  cos  cos
7 7 7
ð
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg 2 sin eKán ½
7
ð 5ð ð 3ð ð ð ð
2 T sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
tamrUbmnþ 2 cos a sin b  sin( a  b)  sin( a  b)
ð 5ð ð 3ð ð ð ð
2 T sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
ð 6ð 4ð 4ð 2ð 2ð
2 T sin   ( sin  sin )  (sin  sin )  sin
7 7 7 7 7 7
ð 6ð ð ð
2 T sin   sin   sin(ð  )   sin
7 7 7 7
1 3 1 7
eKTaj T naM[M  
2 2 4 4
ð
tag N 2 sin 5ð
7
sin

7
2 sin

7
sin
7
2 sin

7
sin
ð
7

25
2ð 8ð 4ð 6ð 2ð 4ð
 cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
6ð 8ð ð
 cos  cos  2 sin ð . sin( )  0
7 7 7
2 7 7
eKán S  MN 0 eday S0
4 4
7
ena¼ S .
2
2ð 4ð 8ð 7
dUcen¼ S  sin  sin  sin  .
7 7 7 2
lMhat´TI11
cUrRsayfa
nð 2 nð nð
8 cos 3 n
 4(1) cos  4 cos  (1)n1  0 , n  IN *
7 7 7
dMeNa¼Rsay
4nð 3nð
eKman  nð  , n  IN
7 7
4nð 3nð
eKán sin  sin (nð  )
7 7
edayeRbIrUbmnþ ½
sin 2a  2 sin a cos a
sin( x  y)  sin x cos y  sin y cos x
26
nig sin 3a  3 sin a  4 sin3 a
2nð 2nð 3nð 3nð
2 sin cos  sin(nð) cos  sin cos(nð)
7 7 7 7
nð nð nð nð nð
4 sin cos ( 2 cos 2  1 )  0  (3 sin  4 sin3 ) (1)n
7 7 7 7 7
nð nð nð nð nð
4 sin cos (2 cos 2  1 )  (1)n . sin (3  4 sin2 )
7 7 7 7 7
nð nð nð
8 cos 3  4 cos  (1)n . [ 3  4 ( 1  cos 2 )]
7 7 7
nð nð nð
8 cos 3  4 cos  (1)n .4 cos 2  (1)n
7 7 7
nð nð nð
8 cos 3  4(1)n cos 2  4 cos  (1)n1  0
7 7 7
dUcen¼
nð nð nð
8 cos3  4(1)n cos2  4 cos  (1)n1  0 , n  IN *
7 7 7
lMhat´TI12
cUrKNna S  cos ð9  cos 49ð  cos 79ð
3 3 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna S  cos ð9  cos 49ð  cos 79ð
3 3 3

3
tamrUbmnþ cos 3a  4 cos a  3 cos a
3 3 1
¦ cos a  cos a  cos 3a
4 4
27
kenßamEdl[GacsresrCa ½
3 ð 4ð 7ð 1 ð 4ð 7ð
S (cos  cos  cos )  (cos  cos  cos )
4 9 9 9 4 3 3 3
ð 4ð 7ð
tag M  cos  cos  cos
9 9 9
4ð 13ð
eday  cos  cos
9 9
ð 7ð 13ð ð
M  cos  cos  cos KuNnwg 2 sin eKán
9 9 9 3
ð ð ð 7ð ð 13ð ð
2 M sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin  2 cos sin
3 9 3 9 3 9 3
3 4ð 2ð 10ð 4ð 16ð 10ð
2 .M  sin  sin( )  sin  sin  sin  sin
2 9 9 9 9 9 9
3 2ð 16ð 7ð
2 M  sin  sin  2 sin ð cos( )0
2 9 9 9
eKTaján M  0
tag N  cos ð3  cos 43ð  cos 73ð  21  21  21  32
3 1 3
eKán S  4 M  4 N  8

28
lMhat´TI13
eK[kenßam
ð 3ð 5ð
S  cos 3  cos 3  cos 3
7 7 7
ð 3ð 5ð
nig T  cos 4  cos 4  cos 4
7 7 7
k¿cUrRsayfabIcMnYn cos 7ð , cos 37ð , cos 57ð Ca¦srbs´smIkar
3 2
(E) : 8 x  4 x  4 x  1  0 .

x¿Tajrktémø ½
ð 3ð 5ð
M  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7
ð 3ð 3ð 5ð ð 5ð
N  cos cos  cos cos  cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
nig P  cos 7ð cos 37ð cos 57ð .
K¿KNna Q  cos 7ð  cos 37ð  cos 57ð
2 2 2

rYcTajrktémø S nig T .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿RsayfabIcMnYn cos 7ð , cos 37ð , cos 57ð Ca¦srbs´smIkar
(E) : 8 x 3  4 x 2  4 x  1  0
2n  1
tag x n  cos ð , n 1, 2 , 3 Ca¦smIkar (E)
7 29
eKán ½
(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
8 cos 3  4 cos 2  4 cos 1 0
7 7 7
(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
4 cos ( 2 cos 2  1 )  1  4 (1  sin 2 )0
7 7 4
(2n  1)ð 2(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
4 cos cos  ( 3  4 sin 2 )0
7 7 7
2(2n  1)ð 4(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
sin sin 3 sin  4 sin 3
4. 7  7  7 7
(2n  1)ð 2(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
2 sin 2 sin sin
7 7 7
4(2n  1)ð 3(2n  1)ð
sin sin
7  7 0 (*)
(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
sin sin
7 7

eday n  IN * : sin (2n 7 1)ð  0


ehtusmIkar ( * ) smmUl ½
4(2n  1)ð 3(2n  1)ð
sin  sin 0
7 7
(2n  1)ð (2n  1)ð
2 sin cos 0
7 2
00 epÞógpÞat´ .
ð 3ð 5ð
dUcen¼ cos , cos , cos Ca¦srbs´smIkar (E) .
7 7 7

30
x¿Tajrktémø M , N , P
snµtfa x  cos 7ð , x  cos 37ð , x
1 2 3  cos

7
3
tamRTwsþIbTEvütGnutþn_kñúgsmIkar 8x  4x2  4x  1  0
eKán ½
ð 3ð 5ð b 1
M  cos  cos  cos  x1  x 2  x 3    
7 7 7 a 2
ð 3ð 3ð 5ð ð 5ð
N  cos cos  cos cos  cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
c 1
 x 1x 2  x 2 x 3  x 1x 3   
a 2
ð 3ð 5ð d 1
nig P  cos cos cos  x 1x 2 x 3     .
7 7 7 a 8
dUcen¼
ð 3ð 5ð 1
M  cos  cos  cos 
7 7 7 2
ð 3ð 3ð 5ð ð 5ð 1
N  cos cos  cos cos  cos cos 
7 7 7 7 7 7 2
ð 3ð 5ð 1
nig P  cos cos cos  .
7 7 7 8
2 ð 2 3ð 2 5ð
K¿KNna Q  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7
2
eyIgán Q  x 1  x 2 2  x 32
 ( x1  x 2  x 3 )2  2( x1x 2  x 2 x 3  x1x 3 )
1 1 5
 M 2  2N   2 ( ) 
4 2 4 31
ð 3ð 5ð 5
dUcen¼ Q  cos 2  cos 2  cos 2
. 
7 7 7 4
Tajrktémø S nig T
eyIgán S  cos 7ð  cos 37ð  cos 57ð
3 3 3

3 3 3
¦ Sx x x 1 2 3

ð 3ð 5ð
eday x  cos 7 , x  cos 7 , x  cos 7 Ca¦srbs´
1 2 3

 8x 13  4 x12  4 x 1  1  0 (1)
 3 2
(E ) ena¼eKán  8x 2  4 x 2  4 x 2  1  0 (2)
 3 2
 8x 3  4 x 3  4 x 3  1  0 (3)

bUksmIkar (1) , (2) , (3) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½


8 ( x13  x 2 3  x 33 )  4(x12  x 2 2  x 32 )  4(x1  x 2  x 3 )  3  0
8 S  4Q  4 M  3  0
5 1

QM 3 4 2 3 7 3 1
eKTaj S      
2 8 2 8 8 8 2
ð 3ð 5ð 1
dUcen¼ S  cos 3  cos 3  cos 3 
.
7 7 7 2
ð 4 3ð 5ð 4 4 4 4 4
müa¨eTot T  cos  cos  cos x x x 1 2 3
7 7 7
edayKuNsmIkar (1) , (2) , (3) erogKñanwg x , x , x 1 2 3

32
 8 x14  4 x13  4 x12  x1  0 (1' )
 4 3 2
eKán  8 x 2  4 x 2  4 x 2  x 2  0 (2' )
 4 3 2
 8 x 3  4 x 3  4 x 3  x 2  0 (3' )

bUksmIkar (1' ) , (2' ) , (3' ) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½


8 ( x14  x 2 4  x 3 4 )  4 ( x13  x 2 3  x 33 )  4 ( x12  x 22  x 3 2 )  ( x1  x 2  x
8 T 4 S 4 QM0

eKTaj T  S 2 Q  M8  78  81  34 .
ð 4 3ð 5ð 3
4 4
dUcen¼ T  cos  cos  cos  .
7 7 7 4
lMhat´TI14
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
6 4 2 2
64 x  112 x  56x  7  2 1  x .
dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsaysmIkar
64 x 6  112 x 4  56x 2  7  2 1  x 2 (1)
2
lk&çx&NÐ 1  x  0 ¦ x  [1 , 1 ]
eyIgman cos 4a  cos(a  3a)

33
 cos a cos 3a  sin a sin 3a
 cos a(4 cos 3 a  3 cos a)  sin a(3 sin a  4 sin3 a)
 4 cos 4 a  3 cos 2 a  3 sin 2 a  4 sin 4 a
 4 cos 4 a  4(1  cos 2 a) 2  3(cos 2 a  sin 2 a)
 8 cos 4 a  8 cos 2 a  1

cos 5a  cos(a  4a)


 cos a cos 4a  sin a sin 4a
 cos a(8 cos4 a  8 cos2 a  1)  2 sin a sin2a cos 2a
 8 cos5 a  8 cos3 a  cos a  4 sin2 a cos a(2 cos2 a  1)
 8 cos5 a  8 cos3 a  cos a  4(1  cos2 a)(2 cos3 a  cos a)
 16 cos5  20 cos3 a  5 cos a
cos 6a  2 cos 2 3a  1  2(4 cos 3 a  3 cos a) 2  1
 32 cos 6 a  48 cos 4 a  18 cos 2 a  1
cos 7a  cos(6a  a)  cos 6a cos a  sin 6a sin a
 cos a cos 6a  2 sin a sin 3a cos 3a
 cos a cos 6a  2 sin a(3 sin a  4 sin 3 a)(4 cos 3 a  3 cos a)
 64 cos 7 a  112 cos 5 a  56 cos 3 a  7 cos a

yk x  cos t Edl t[ 0 , ð ] smIkar (1) sresr ½


64 cos 6 t  112 cos 4 t  56 cos 2 t  7  2 1  cos 2 t
64 cos 6 t  112 cos 4 t  56 cos 2 t  7  2 sin t
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg cos t  0 eKán ½
64 cos 7 t  112 cos 5 t  56 cos 3 t  7 cos t  2 sin t cos t
cos 7 t  sin 2t
ð
cos 7 t  cos(  2 t)
2
34
 ð
 7 t   2t  2kð
2
eKTaj 
7 t   ð  2t  2k' ð , k; k'  Z
 2
 ð 2kð
 t  
18 9
smmUl 
 t   ð  2k' ð , k ; k'  Z
 10 9
eday t  [ 0 , ð] eKTajsMNMutémø t dUcxageRkam ½
ð 5ð 9ð 13ð 17ð 3ð 7ð
t{ ; ; ; ; ; ; }
18 18 18 18 18 10 10
ð
eday cos t  0
ena¼ t
2
dUcen¼smIkar (1) mansMNMu¦sdUcxageRkam ½
ð 5ð 13ð 17 ð 3ð 7ð
x  { cos ; cos ; cos ; cos ; cos ; cos }
18 18 18 18 10 10

35
lMhat´TI15
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
tan6 x  (tan2 x  1)3  (tan2 x  2)3  (tan2 x  3)3

dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
tan6 x  (tan2 x  1)3  (tan2 x  2)3  (tan2 x  3)3 ¿
lk&çx&NÐ x  ð2  kð , k  Z .
2
tag t  tan x , t  0 smIkarsresr ½
t 3  (t  1)3  (t  2)3  (t  3) 3
t 3  (t 3  3t 2  3t  1)  (t 3  6t 2  12 t  8)  t 3  9t 2  27 t  27
3t 3  9t 2  15t  9  t 3  9t 2  27 t  27
2(t 3  6t  9) 0
(t 3  27)  (6t  18)  0
(t  3)( t 2  3t  9)  6(t  3)  0
(t  3)( t 2  3t  3)  0

eKTaj t3 nig t2  3t  3  0 Kµan¦seRBa¼


  9  12  0
cMeBa¼ t  3 eKán tan2 x  3
36
tan2 x  3  0
(tan x  3)(tan x  3)  0
ð
eKán tan x  3  0 ¦ tan x  3 naM[ x  kð , k  Z
3
ehIy tan x  3  0 ¦ tan x   3
naM[ x   ð3  kð , k  Z
lMhat´TI16
eKman á CaFñÚrmYyEdlKitCara¨düg´ehIyepÞógpÞat´
ð
0  á  .
2
2
eK[Exßekag (P) smIkar y  x  2x cos á  1  sin á
1¿cUrkMnt´témø  edIm,I[Exßekag (P) b¨¼nwgGk&ßGab´sIus (x' ox)
rYcsg´Exßekag (P) TaMgena¼ .
2¿bgHajfaeRkABIkrNIkñúgsMNYrTI1 Exßekag (P) kat´Gk&ß
Gab´sIus (x' ox) ánBIrcMnuc M' nig M' ' Edlman
Gab´sIusviC¢man .
3¿etIeKRtUv[témø á b¨unµanxø¼eTIbGab´sIus x' nig x' '
2 2
éncMnuc M' nig M' ' epÞógpÞat´TMnak´TMng x'  x' '  2
4¿rkTMnak´TMngKµanGaRs&ynwg  rvagGab´sIus x' nig x' ' .
37
dMeNa¼Rsay
1¿ Exßekag (P) b¨¼nwgGk&ßGab´sIus (x' ox) ½
kUGredaenkMBUléná¨ra¨bUl (P) KW x   2ba  cos á
S

2 2
ehIy y  cos á  2 cos á  1  sin á
S

 1  cos2 á  sin á
 sin2 á  sin á
Exßekag (P) b¨¼nwgGk&ßGab´sIus (x' ox) kalNa y  0
S

2
eKán sin á  sin á  0
¦ sin á (sin á  1)  0 naM[ sin á  0 nig sin á  1
ð ð
eday 0  á  ehtu e n¼eKTaj á0 , á
2 2
sg´Exßekag (P) ½
2 2
-ebI á  0 eKán y  x  2x  1  ( x  1)
ð 2
á 
-ebI 2 eKán y  x

38
y
4

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x

-1

2¿ Gab´sIuséncMnuc M' nig M' '


Gab´sIuséncMnuc M' nig M ' ' KWCa¦srbs´smIkar ½
x 2  2 x cos á  1  sin á  0
DIsRKImINg´bRgYménsmIkarKW '  cos2 á  1  sin á
 sin á  sin2 á
 sin á (1  sin á)
eKman sin  nig 1  sin  viC¢manCanic©RKb´
 ð 
á 0 , .
 2 
39
eKTaján '  sin á (1  sin á)  0 naM[ (P) kat´Gk&ß
Gab´sIusCanic©Rtg´BIrcMnuc M ' nig M ' ' .
müa¨geTotplKuN nigplbUkén¦s P  1  sin 
nig S  2 cos  .
 
suTæEtviC¢manRKb´    0 , 2  dUcen¼ x '

nig x ' ' suTæEtviC¢man .


2 2
3¿ lk&çx&NÐ x'  x' '  2
2 2 2
eKman x'  x' '  S  2P
 4 cos2 á  2(1  sin á)  2(2 cos2  1  sin á)
 2(2  2 sin2 á  1  sin á)  2(2 sin2 á  sin á  1)
eday x '2  x ' ' 2  2 eKTaján
2(2 sin2 á  sin á  1)  2
 2 sin2  sin á  1 1
 2 sin2 á  sin á  0
sin á(1  2 sin á)  0
ð ð
eday 0á ehtuen¼eKTaj á0 , á
2 6
4¿TMnak´TMngKµanGaRs&ynwg á rvagGab´sIus x' nig x' '

eKman S  2 cos á nig P  1  sin á


40
eKTaján cos á  2S nig sin á  1  P

edayRKb´cMnYnBit  eKman cos 2 á  sin2 á  1


2
eKán S4  (1  P)  1 2

S 2  4(1  P)2  4
S 2  4P2  8P  0
S 2  4P(P  2)  0
2
dUcen¼ (x' x' ' )  4 x' x' ' (x' x' '2)  0
lMhat´TI17
eKmansmIkardWeRkTIBIr ½
2 1 2 
(E ) : x  (  2) x  1  0 Edl 0   
cos  3 2
eK«bmafasmIkar (E) man¦sBIrEdltageday tan a
nig tan b .


k¿ kMnt´témø edIm,I[ a  b  4 .
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar (E) cMeBa¼témø  EdlánrkeXIj

K¿ eRbIlTæplxagelIcUrTajrktémø®ákdén tan .
12

41
dMeNa¼Rsay

k¿ kMnt´témø  edIm,I[ ab
4
eday tan a nig tan b Ca¦srbs´ (E) ena¼eKmanTMnak´TMng
1 2
tan a  tan b  2  (1) nig tan a tan b   1 (2)
cos  3
tan a  tan b
tamrUbmnþ tan(a  b)  1  tan a tan b (3)
ykTMnak´TMng (1) nig (2) CMnYskñúg (3) eKán ½
1
2
cos  3 ( 2 cos   1) 
tan(a  b)   eday ab
2 4
1 (  1) (2 3  2) cos 
3
3( 2 cos   1)
eKTaján  1
(2 3  2) cos 
2 3 cos   3  2 3 cos   2 cos 
3
cos  
2
 
eday 0    dUcen¼eKTaj  .
2 6

42
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar (E) ½
ebI   6 ena¼ (E) Gacsresr x2  (
2
3
 2) x 
2
3
1 0

2 2 4 8 8 28 16 3
 (  2) 2  4(  1)   4 4 
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4(7  4 3) 4(2  3)2
 
3 3
 1 2 42 3 1
 1x  (   2  ) 
 2 3 3 3
eKTaj¦s  1 2 42 3
 x 2  (   2  )2 3
 2 3 3
1
dUcen¼ x1  , x2  2  3
.
3

K¿ eRbIlTæplxagelITajrktémø®ákdén tan
12
1
tamsRmayxagelIeKman x1  , x2  2  3
3
1
eKTaj tan a  nig tan b  2  3
3
1  
eday tan a  naM[ a ehIy ab
3 6 4
  
naM[ b  a  dUcen¼ tan  2 3 .
4 12 12

43
lMhat´TI18
2 2 2 2
eK[ f(x)  a sin x  b cos x  c  a cos x  b sin x  c
ab
cUrRsayfa a  c  b  c  f(x)  2 2  c
rYcbBa¢ak´témøGtibrma nig Gb,brmaén f (x) .
dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa a  c  b  c  f(x)  2 a 2 b  c
2 2 2 2
eyIgman f(x)  a sin x  b cos x  c  a cos x  b sin x  c (1)
eday a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manena¼ x  IR : f(x)  0
elIkGg:TaMgBIrén (1) CakaereKán ½
2
f (x)   a sin x  b cos x  c  a cos x  b sin x  c 
2 2 2 2 2

f 2 (x)  a  b  2c  2 (a sin2 x  b cos2 x  c)(a cos2 x  b sin2 x  c) (2)

tamvismPaBkUsiuRKb´cMnYnBit A , B  0
eKman A  B  2 A.B ¦ 2 A.B  A  B
2 2 2 2
eKán 2 (asin x  bcos x  c)(acos x  bsin x  c)  a  b  2c

tamTMnak´TMng 2 eKTaján ½


ab
f 2 ( x)  a  b  2c  a  b  2c  4(  c)
2
44
ab
naM[ f( x)  2 c (3)
2
2
yk P(x)  (a sin x  b cos 2 x  c)(a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  c)
P( x)  [ a(1  cos 2 x)  b cos 2 x  c] [a cos2 x  b(1  cos2 x)  c]
P( x)  [(a  c)  (b  a) cos 2 x] [ (b  c)  (b  a) cos 2 x]
P( x)  (a  c)(b  c)  (b  a)2 cos 2 x  (b  a) 2 cos 4 x
P( x)  (a  c)(b  c)  (b  a)2 cos 2 x sin2 x
2 2 2
eyIgman (b  a) sin x cos x  0 , x  IR
eKTaján P(x)  (a  c)(b  c) , x  IR
TMnak´TMng (2) eKGacsresr ½
f 2 ( x)  a  b  2c  2 P( x)  a  b  2c  2 (a  c)(b  c)
f 2 ( x)  (a  c)  (b  c)  2 (a  c)(b  c)
f 2 ( x)  ( a  c  b  c ) 2

eKTaj f(x)  a  c  b  c (4)

tamTMnak´TMng (3) nig (4)


eKTaján ½
ab
a  c  b  c  f( x)  2  c cMeBa¼RKb´ x  IR .
2

dUcGnuKmn_mantémøGtibrmaesµI M  2 a 2 b  c
nigmantémøGb,brmaesµI m  a  c  b  c .

45
lMhat´TI19
rktémøGb,brmaénGnuKmn_ ½
P( x)  tan2 x  cot 2 x  2(tan x  cot x)  27 ð
2 2
0 x  .
Q ( x)  tan x  cot x  8(tan x  cot x)  87 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
rktémøGb,brmaénGnuKmn_ ½
P( x)  tan2 x  cot 2 x  2(tan x  cot x)  27
ð
Edl 0 x 
2
tag z  tan x  cot x Edl z  2
2 2 2 2
eKán z  (tan x  cot x)  tan x  cot x  2
2 2 2
eKTaj tan x  cot x  z  2
2 2
eyIgán P(z)  z  2  2z  27  (z  1)  24
eday z  2 ehtuen¼eKán P(z)  1  24  25
dUcen¼témøGb,brmaén P(x) KW m  25 .
2 2
müa¨geToteday Q(x)  tan x  cot x  8(tan x  cot x)  87
2 2
eKán Q(z)  z  2  8z  87  (z  4)  69
eday z  2 ehtuen¼edIm,I[ Q Gb,brmalu¼RtaEt
46
z4 .dUcen¼témøGb,brmaén Q ( x) KW m  69 .
lMhat´TI20
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
ð ð
4 sin ( x  ) cos ( x  )  32 2
4 12
dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
ð ð
4 sin ( x  ) cos ( x  )  32 2
4 12
tamrUbmnþ 2 sin a cos b  sin(a  b)  sin(a  b)
smIkarxagelIGacsresrCabnþbnÞab´xageRkam ½
 ð ð ð ð 
2  sin( x   x  )  sin( x   x  )   3  2 2
 4 12 4 12 
 ð ð
2  sin(2 x  )  sin   (1  2 ) 2
 3 6
ð
2 sin(2 x  )  1  1  2
3
ð 2
sin(2 x  ) 
3 2
 ð ð
 2 x    2kð
3 4
eKTaj 
 2 x  ð  ð  ð  2kð , kZ
 3 4
ð 5ð
dUcen¼ x  kð , x   kð ; k  Z .
24 24 47
lMhat´TI21
2 2
 2 1   1 
eKmanGnuKmn_ f( x)   sin x  2    cos 2 x  2 
 sin x   cos x 

cUrrktémøtUcbMputénGnuKmn_en¼ .
dMeNa¼Rsay
rktémøtUcbMputénGnuKmn_en¼
1 1 2
f( x)  (cos 2 x  ) 2
 (sin 2
x  )
cos 2 x sin2 x
1 1
 cos 4 x  2   sin 4
x  2 
cos 4 x sin 4 x
1 1
 4  (cos 4 x  sin 4 x)  (  )
sin 4 x cos 4 x
4 4 cos 4 x  sin 4 x
 4  (cos x  sin x)  ( )
sin 4 x cos 4 x
1
 4  (cos 4 x  sin 4 x)(1  )
sin 4 x cos 4 x
16
 
4  (cos 2 x  sin 2 x) 2  2 sin 2 x cos 2 x (1   4
sin 2 x
)

1 16
 4  (1  sin 2 2 x)(1  4
)
2 sin 2 x
1 1
edayeKman sin 2 2 x  1 naM[ 1  sin 2 2 x  nig
2 2
16
1  17 .
sin 4 2 x
48
eKTaj 4  (1  21 sin 2x)(1  sin162x )  4  172  252
2
4

eyIgán f(x)  4  (1  21 sin 2x)(1  sin162x )  5 22


2
4

dUcen¼témøtUcbMputénGnuKmn_KW m  5 22 .
lMhat´TI22
eK[BIrcMnYnBit a nig b .
2 2
cUrRsaybBa¢k´fa x  IR : | a cos x  b sin x |  a  b
Gnuvtþn_ ½ rktémøGtibrma nig Gb,brmaén
f( x)  20 cos x  21sin x  22

dMeNa¼Rsay
2 2
RsaybBa¢k´fa x  IR : | a cos x  b sin x |  a  b
 
eyIgeRCIserIsvuicTr& U ( a ; b ) nig V ( cos x ; sin x )
   
tamniymn&y U . V  || U||.|| V ||.cos è Edl è CamMurvag
BIrviucT&ren¼ .
     
eKán U. V  ||U||.|| V ||.cos è  ||U||.|| V ||| cos è|
edayeKman è  IR : | cos è |  1
   
eKán U . V  || U||.|| V ||
49
 
 U
 . V  a cos x  b sin x
 
2 2
eday  || U|| a  b
 
 || V || sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1

2 2
dUcen¼ x  IR : | a cos x  b sin x |  a  b .
rktémøGtibrma nig Gb,brmaén f(x)  20 cos x  21sin x  22
tamrUbmnþxagelIeyIgman
| 20 cos x  21sin x |  20 2  212  29

eKTaj  29  20 cos x  21sin x  29


naM[  7  f(x)  51 , x  IR
dUcen¼GnuKmn_mantémøGtibrma 51 nig Gb,brma 7

50
lMhat´TI23
f( x) CatémøBiténGnuKmn_ f EdlcMeBa¼RKb´ x  IR

eKman f(x)  2f( x)  3 cos x  sin x .


cUrRsayfa f(x)  2 cMeBa¼RKb´ x  IR
dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa f(x)  2 cMeBa¼RKb´ x  IR
eKman f(x)  2f( x)  3 cos x  sin x (1)
edayCMnYs x eday  x kñúgTMnak´TMng (1) eKán
f( x)  2 f( x)  3 cos x  sin x (2)

eyIgánRbB&næsmIkar ½
 f( x)  2f( x)  3 cos x  sin x 1

2f( x)  f( x)  3 cos x  sin x  2
 

 3f( x)  3 cos x  3 sin x

eKTaján f( x)  cos x  sin x


2 2
f ( x)  2 ( cos x  sin x)
2 2
ð ð
 2 (sin cos x  sin x cos )
4 4
ð
 2 sin(  x)
4
51
eday x  IR : sin( ð4  x)  1 .
dUcen¼ f(x)  2 cMeBa¼RKb´ x  IR .
lMhat´TI24
eKman f(x) GnuKmn_kMnt´elI IR eday ½
f(sin x)  3f(cos x)  2  cos 2 x ¿
k-cUrkMnt´rkGnuKmn_ f(x) .
x-eda¼RsaysmIkar
f(1  tan t)  f(1  tan t)
f(1  tan t).f(1  tan t) 
2
( t CaGBaØténsmIkar ) .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k-kMnt´rkGnuKmn_ f(x)
CMnYs x eday ð2  x eKán f(cos x)  3f(sin x)  2  cos 2x
 f(sin x)  3f(cos x)  2  cos 2 x
eyIgánRbB&næ 3f(sin x)  f(cos x)  2  cos 2x
bMát´ f(sin x) eKTaján f(cos x)  1  cos 2
2x 2
 cos x

2
dUcen¼ f(x)  x .

52
x-eda¼RsaysmIkar
f(1  tan t)  f(1  tan t)
f(1  tan t).f(1  tan t) 
2
ð
lk&çx&NÐ t  kð ; k  Z
2
2 2 (1  tan t) 2  (1  tan t) 2
(1  tan t) (1  tan t) 
2
dMeNa¼RsaysmIkaren¼eKáncMelIy
ð
t  kð ; t    kð , k  Z .
3
lMhat´TI25
2
eK[Exßekag (P) : y  f (x)  x sin   2(1  sin )x  5  sin 
Edl 0     .
kMnt´témø  edIm,I[Exßekag (P) sSitenAelIGkß&
Gab´sIusCanic© .
dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´témø 
2
eKman (P) : y  f (x)  x sin   2(1  sin )x  5  sin 
edIm,I[ (P) sSitenAelIGkß&Gab´sIusCanic©lu¼RtaEt
f ( x )  0 , x  IR
53
a f  0
eBalKWeKRtUv[ '  0
eKman a f  sin   0 ;  ] 0 ; [
ehIy  '  (1  sin ) 2  sin (5  sin )
'  1  2 sin   sin 2   5 sin   sin 2 
 '  2 sin 2   3 sin   1
 '  (2 sin   1)(sin   1)
1
ebI '  0 smmUl  sin   1 eday 0
2
 
eKTaján    .
6 2
dUcen¼edIm,I[Exßekag (P) sSitenAelIGkß&Gab´sIus

 
Canic©lu¼RtaEteK[l&kçx&NÐ    .
6 2

54
lMhat´TI26
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
1 1 9 3 1
 cos 4 x  cos 2 x   cos 4 x  cos 2 x 
16 2 16 2 2
dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
1 1 9 3 1
 cos 4 x  cos 2 x   cos 4 x  cos 2 x  (1)
16 2 16 2 2
smIkar 1 Gacsresr ½
2 2
 2 1  2 3 1
 cos x     cos x   
 4   4  2
2 1 2 3 1
cos x   cos x   (2)
4 4 2
tag t  cos 2 x Edl 0 t 1 smIkar (2) Gacsresr
1 3 1
t  t  (3)
4 4 2
1 3
elIGkß& (x' ox) eRCIserIscMnuc M( t) , A( ) , B( )
4 4
tam 3 eKán MA  MB  21 eday AB  21
eKán MA  MB  AB naM[ M enAkñúg AB
eKTaj 41  t  34 smmUl 41  cos x  34 2

55
1 3
smmUl  | cos x |  eKTaj
2 2
ð ð
6  êð  x   kð
3

  ð  k' ð  x   ð  k ' ð , k ; k '  Z
 3 6

lMhat´TI27
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
k¿ cUrRsayfa cot A cot B  cot B cot C  cot C cot A  1 .
2
x¿ cUrRsayfa cot A  1  2 cot 2A cot A .
K¿ eKdwgfamMu A ; B ; C beg;ItánCasIVútFrNImaRt
mYYyEdlmanersugesµInwg q  2 .
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 1 1
2
  2
8 2
.
sin A sin B sin C

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa cot A cot B  cot B cot C  cot C cot A  1
eyIgman A  B  C  ð ¦ A  B  ð  C
eKán tan(A  B)  tan(ð  C)
56
tan A  tan B
  tan C
1  tan A tan B
1 1

cot A cot B   1
1 1 cot C
1 .
cot A cot B
cot A  cot B 1

cot A cot B  1 cot C
cot A cot C  cot B cot C   cot A cot B  1
dUcen¼ cot A cot B  cot B cot C  cot C cot A  1 .
2
x¿Rsayfa cot A  1  2 cot 2A cot A
eyIgman tan2A  1 2 tan A
tan A 2

2
1 2 cot A
 cot A  2
cot 2 A 1 cot A 1
1 2
cot A
2
dUcen¼ cot A  1  2 cot 2A cot A .
K¿RsaybBa¢ak´fa ½ sin1 A  sin1 B  sin1 C  8
2 2 2

tag T  sin1 A  sin1 B  sin1 C


2 2 2

 (1  cot 2 A)  (1  cot 2 B)  (1  cot 2 C)


 (cot 2 A  1)  (cot 2 B  1)  (cot 2 C  1)  6
 2 cot 2 A cot A  2 cot B cot 2B  2 cot 2C cot C  6 (1)

edaymMu A ; B ; C CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYyEdlmanersug
esµInwg q  2 eKán B  2A , C  2B  4A 57
eday A  B  C  ð
eKán A  2A  4 A  ð naM[ A  7ð , B  27ð , C  47ð
tam (1) eKán T  2 cot 27ð cot 7ð  2 cot 27ð cot 47ð  cot 87ð cot 47ð  6
eday cot 87ð  cot 7ð eKán ½
ð 2ð 2ð 4ð ð 4ð
T  2 cot cot  2 cot cot  2 cot cot 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
 2(cot A cot B  cot B cot C  cot A cot C)  6  2(1)  6  8
1 1 1
dUcen¼   8 .
sin2 A sin2 B sin2 C

58
lMhat´TI28
1¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþ ½
cos(n  1)x  2 cos x cos(nx)  cos(n  1) x , x  IR , n  IN * ¿
2¿Gnuvtþn_ ½ cUrsresr cos 7 x CaGnuKmn_én cos x .
3¿eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
128 cos 7 x  244 cos 5 x  112 cos 3 x  14 cos x  1  0 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
1¿RsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþ ½
cos(n  1)x  2 cos x cos(nx)  cos(n  1) x

eyIgman ½
(n  1)x  (n  1)x (n  1)x  (n  1)x
cos(n  1)x  cos(n  1)x  2 cos . cos
2 2
smmUl cos(n  1)x  cos(n  1)x  2 cos x.cos(nx)
dUcen¼ cos(n  1)x  2 cos x cos(nx)  cos(n  1)x ¿.
2¿ Gnuvtþn_ ½sresr cos 7x CaGnuKmn_én cos x
eKman cos(n  1)x  2 cos x cos(nx)  cos(n  1)x ¿
2
ebI n  1 cos 2x  2 cos x  1
59
ebI n2 cos 3x  2 cos x cos 2 x  cos x
 2 cos x(2 cos 2 x  1)  cos x
 4 cos 3 x  3 cos x
ebI n3 cos 4 x  2 cos x cos 3x  cos 2 x
 2 cos x(4 cos 3 x  3 cos x)  (2 cos 2 x  1)
 8 cos 4 x  8 cos 2 x  1
ebI n4 cos 5x  2 cos x cos 4 x  cos 3x
 2 cos x(8 cos 4 x  8 cos 2 x  1)  (4 cos 3 x  3 cos x)
 16 cos5 x  20 cos 3 x  5 cos x
ebI n5 cos 6x  2 cos x cos 5 x  cos 4 x
 2cosx(16cos5 x  20cos3 x  5cosx)  (8cos4 x  8cos2 x  1)
 32cos6 x  48cos4 x  18cos2 x 1
ebI n  6 cos 7 x  2 cos x cos 6x  cos 5x
7 5 3
dUcen¼ cos 7x  64 cos x  112 cos x  56 cos x  7 cos x ¿
3¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
128 cos7 x  244 cos5 x  112 cos3 x  14 cos x  1  0 (1) ¿
EckGg:TaMgBIrénsmIkar (1) nwg 2 eKán ½
1
64 cos 7 x  112 cos 5 x  56 cos 3 x  7 cos x  0
2
1
cos 7 x 
2

60
eKTaján 7x   ð3  2kð ¦ x   21ð  27kð , k  Z
dUcen¼ x  21ð  27kð , x   21ð  2k7' ð ; k;k' Z .
lMhat´TI29
eK[sVúIténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI n eday½
n

ð
U  1 nig n  IN : U  U cos a  sin a Edl 0  a 
0 n 1 n .
2
k¿tag V  U  cot 2a .
n n

cUrbgHajfa (V ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYy .
n

x¿KNnalImIt lim (V  V  ....  V ) nig lim U .


n 
0 1 n
n 
n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿ bgHajfa (V ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmYYy ½
n

man V  U  cot 2a naM[ V  U  cot 2a


n n n 1 n 1

Et U  U cos a  sin a
n 1 n

eKán V  U cos a  sin a  cot 2a


n 1 n

61
a a a
 Un cos a  2 sin cos  cot
2 2 2
a a a a
 Un cos a  cot (2 sin cos tan  1)
2 2 2 2
a
sin
a a a 2  1)
 Un cos a  cot (2 sin cos
2 2 2 a
cos
2
a a a
 Un cos a  cot (2 sin 2  1) ; cos a  1  2 sin 2
2 2 2
a a
 Un cos a  cot cos a  (Un  cot ) cos a
2 2
 Vn cos a

eday V  V cos a naM[ (V ) CasIVútFrNImaRt


n 1 n n

mYymanersug cos a nig tY V  U  cot 2a  1  cot 2a .


0 0

x¿ KNnalImIt ½ lim (V  V  ....  V ) nig lim U


n 
0 1 n
n 
n

n1 n 1
eyIgman V  V  ...  V  V 11qq  (1  cot 2a).11coscos aa
0 1 n 0

n 1
eyIgán lim (V  V  ....  V )  lim (1  cot 2a) 11coscos aa 
n 
0 1 n
n 

eday 0  a  2 ena¼ 0  cos a  1 nig lim cos a  0 n 


n 1

a
1  cot
dUcen¼ lim ( V0  V1  ....  Vn )  2 .
n   1  cos a
a a
müa¨geTot Vn  Un  cot naM[ Un  Vn  cot
2 2
62
eday V  V  q  (1  cot 2a) cos a
n 0
n n

eKán U  (1  cot 2a) cos a  cot 2a


n
n

nig lim U  lim (1  cot 2a) cos a  cot 2a   cot 2a
n 
n
n 
n

n
eRBa¼ lim cos a  0 .
n 

dUcen¼ lim U  cot 2a .


n 
n

lMhat´TI30
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´eday ½ n

U  0 ; U  1 nig n  IN : U
0 1  2U cos a  U n 2 n 1 n

Edl a  IR
k¿ tag Z  U  (cos a  i sin a) U , n  IN .
n n 1 n

cUrbgHajfa Z  (cos a  i sin a) Z rYcTajrk Z CaGnuKmn_


n 1 n n

n nig a .

x¿ Tajrk U CaGnuKmn_én n .n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿ bgHajfa Z  (cos a  i sin a) Z
n 1 n

eyIgman Z  U  (cos a  i sin a)U


n n1 n
63
eyIgán Z n1  Un 2  (cos a  i sin a)Un1
 2Un1 cos a  Un  (cos a  i sin a)Un1
 (cos a  i sin a)Un1  Un
Un
 (cos a  i sin a)(Un1  )
cos a  i sin a
 (cos a  i sin a)Un1  (cos a  i sin a)Un 
 (cos a  i sin a) Un

dUcen¼ Z  (cos a  i sin a) Z .


n 1 n

KNna Z CaGnuKmn_én n nig a ½


n

eday Z  (cos a  i sin a) Z naM[ (Z ) CasIVútFrNImaRt


n 1 n n

éncMnYnkMupøicEdlmanersug q  cos a  i sin a nig


tY Z  U  (cos a  i sin a)U  1 .
0 1 0

n n
tamrUbmnþ Z  Z  q  (cos a  i sin a)  cos(na)  i sin(na)
n 0

dUcen¼ Z  cos(na)  i. sin(na) .


n

x¿ Tajrk U CaGnuKmn_én n ½ n

eyIgman Z  U  (cos a  i sin a)U (1)


n n 1 n

nig Z  U  (cos a  i sin a)U (2)


n n 1 n

dksmIkar (1) nig (2) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½


Z Z n n
Z  Z  2i sin a U naM[ U 
n n n Edl sin a  0 .
n
2i sin a
64
eday Z  cos(na)  i sin(na) nig
n Zn  cos(na)  i sin(na)

dUcen¼ U  sin(
n
na)
sin a
.
lMhat´TI31
eK[
ð ð ð
2  2 cos 2
, 2  2  2 cos , 2  2  2  2 cos
2 23 24

BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nig RsaybBaØak´


rUbmnþena¼pg .
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkrUbmnþTUeTA ½
eKman
ð ð ð
2  2 cos 2
, 2  2  2 cos , 2  2  2  2 cos
2 23 24

tamlMnaM«TahrN_eyIgGacTajrkrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
ð
2  2  2  .........  2  2 cos . n 1
   2
(n)

RsaybBaØak´rUbmnþen¼ ½
65
eyIgtag A n  2  2  2  ......  2
 
(n)

cMeBa¼RKb´ n  IN *
ð
eyIgman A1  2  2 cos 2 Bit
2
eyIg«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW
ð
A p  2  2  2  ......  2  2 cos p 1 Bit
  2
(p)

ð
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI p  1 KW A p 1  2 cos
Bit p2
2
ð
eyIgman A  2
p 1 A edaytamkar«bma
p
A  2 cos p p 1
2
eyIgán A  2  2 cos 2ð  4 cos 2ð  2 cos 2ð Bit
p 1 p 1
2
p 2 p 2

ð
dUcen¼ 2  2  2  .........  2  2 cos n  1 .
 2
( n )

66
lMhat´TI32
eK[sIVúténcMnYnkMupøic (Zn ) kMnt´eday ½
 1 i 3
Z
 0 
2

Z  1  Z  | Z |  ; n  IN
 n1 2 n n

( | Z | Cam¨UDulén Z ) .
n n

snµtfa Z  ñ (cos è  i. sin è ) , n  IN


n n n n

Edl ñ  0 , ñ ; è  IR
n n n

k-cUrrkTMnak´TMngrvag è nig è ehIy ñ nig ñ . n n1 n n 1

x-rkRbePTénsIVút (è ) rYcKNna è CaGnuKmn_én n .


n n

K-cUrbgHajfa ñ  ñ cos è cos è2 cos è2 ....cos è2


n 0 0
1 2 n 1

rYcbBa¢ak´ ñ CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k-rkTMnak´TMngrvag è nig è ehIy n n1 ñn nig ñ n1

eyIgman Z  ñ (cos è  i. sin è )


n n n n

naM[ Z  ñ (cos è  i sin è )


n1 n1 n 1 n 1
67
1
eday Z n1  ( Zn  | Zn | ) ehIy | Z |  ñ n n
2
1
eKán ñ ñ n (cos è n  i.sin è n )  ñ n 
n 1(cos è n 1  i sin è n 1 ) 
2
1
ñ n1(cos è n1  i. sin è n1)  ñ n (1  cos è n  i. sin è n )
2
è è è
ñ n1(cos è n1  i. sin è n1)  ñ n cos n (cos n  i. sin n )
2 2 2
è è
eKTaján ñ n1  ñ n cos n
nig è n1  n
2 2
è è
dUcen¼ è n1  n nig ñ n1  ñ n cos n
.
2 2
x-RbePTénsIVút (è ) nig KNna è CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n n

tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman è  21 è n 1 n

naM[ è  CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersugesµI q  21 .
n

n
tamrUbmnþ è  è  qn 0

eday Z  ñ (cos è  i sin è )  1 2i 3  cos ð3  i.sin ð3


0 0 0 0

eKTaján ñ  1 ; è  ð3 dUcen¼ è  ð3 . 21 .
0 0 n n

K-bgHajfa ñ  ñ cos è cos è2 cos è2 ....cos è2


n 0 0
1 2 n

tamsRmayxagelIeKman ñ  ñ cos è2 ¦ ññ n 1 n
n n1

n
 cos
èn
2
k  n 1 k  n 1
eKán   ññ    cos( è2 )
k0
k 1

k k 0
k

68
ñn è è è
 cos è 0 . cos 1 . cos 2 ......... cos n1
ñ0 2 2 2
è è è
dUcen¼ ñ n  ñ 0 cos è 0 cos 1 cos 2 .... cos n1 .
2 2 2
è è è
müa¨geToteyIgman sin è n  2 sin n cos n  2 sin è n1 cos n
2 2 2
è è 1 sin è n
( eRBa¼ è n1  n
) eKTaj cos n  .
2 2 2 sin è n1
1 sin è 0 sin è1 sin è n1 1 sin è 0
ehtuen¼ ñn  n . . .....  n.
2 sin è1 sin è 2 sin è n 2 sin è n
ð
sin
1 3 3 1
dUcen¼ ñn  n  n1 . .
2 sin ð . 1 ) 2 sin(
ð 1
. )
3 2n 3 2n

lMhat´TI33
ð
k¿cUrKNnatémø®ákdén tan
8
x¿cUreda¼RsaysmIkar
sin 2 x  2 sin x. cos x  ( 2  1) cos 2 x  0
tan x  2  1 1
K¿cUreda¼RsaysmIkar 
1  ( 2  1) tan x 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
69
k¿KNnatémø®ákdén tan ð8
tamrUbmnþ tan2a  1 2 tan a
tan a 2
edayyktémø a
ð
8
ð
2 tan
ð 8
eKán tan 
4 ð
1  tan2
8
ð
2 tan
8 ð ð
1 naM[ tan2  2 tan 1  0
ð 8 8
1  tan2
8
ð
tag t  tan Edl t  0
8
2
eKán t  2t  1  0 ; '  1  1  2
eKTaj¦s t  1  2 , t  1 
1 2 20 ( minyk)
dUcen¼ tan ð8  2  1 .
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar
sin 2 x  2 sin x. cos x  ( 2  1) cos 2 x  0

EckGg:TaMgBIrnwg cos 2 x  0 eKánsmIkar ½


tan2 x  2 tan x  ( 2  1) 0 ¿

tag t  tan x eKán ½


t 2  2 t  ( 2  1)  0 eday abc0
70
eKTaj¦s t  1 ; t  2  1 .
1 2

-cMeBa¼ t  1 eKán tan x  1 naM[ x  ð4  kð , k  Z


-cMeBa¼ t  2  1 eKán tan x  2  1
naM[ x  ð8  kð , k  Z
dUcen¼ x  ð4  kð , x  ð8  kð , k  Z .
K¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
tan x  2  1 1 ð
 eday tan  2  1 eKán
1  ( 2  1) tan x 3 8
ð
tan x  tan
8  3
ð 3
1  tan x. tan
8
ð ð
tan( x  )  tan
8 6
ð ð ð
eKTaj x    kð ¦ x  kð , k  Z
8 6 24
ð
dUcen¼ x  kð , k  Z .
24

71
lMhat´TI34
k¿cUrKNnatémø®ákdén cos 12ð nig cos

12
x¿cUreda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar
 3 2 2 3 6
 cos x  3 cos x cos y 
8

 3 cos 2 x cos y  cos 3 y  2  3 6
 8
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿KNnatémø®ákdén cos 12ð nig cos

12
eyIgán cos 12ð  cos( ð3  ð4 )
ð ð ð ð
 cos cos  sin sin
3 4 3 4
1 2 3 2 2 6
 .  . 
2 2 2 2 4
7ð ð ð
ehIy cos  cos(  )
12 3 4
ð ð ð ð
 cos cos  sin sin
3 4 3 4
1 2 3 2 2 6
 .  . 
2 2 2 2 4
ð 2 6 7ð 2 6
dUcen¼ cos  , cos  .
12 4 12 4

72
x¿ eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar½
 3 2 2 3 6
 cos x  3 cos x cos y  (1)
8

 3 cos 2 x cos y  cos 3 y  2  3 6 (2)
 8

bUksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nigGg:eKán ½


2 2
cos 3 x  3 cos 2 x cos y  3 cos x cos 2 y  cos 3 y 
8
2
( cos x  cos y )3  ( )3
2
2
cos x  cos y  (3)
2
dksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nigGg:eKán ½
6 6
cos 3 x  3 cos 2 x cos y  3 cos x cos 2 y  cos 3 y 
8
6
( cos x  cos y )3  ( ) 3
2
6
cos x  cos y  (4)
2
bUksmIkar (3) nig ( 4) Gg:nigGg:eKán ½

73
2 6
2 cos x 
2
2 6
cos x 
4
ð
cos x  cos
12
naM[ x   12ð  2kð , k  Z
dksmIkar (3) nig (4) Gg:nigGg:eKán ½
2 6
2 cos y 
2
2 6
cos y 
4
7ð 7ð
cos y  cos naM[ y  2kð , k  Z
12 12
ð 7ð
dUcen¼ x  2kð , k  Z
nig y  2kð , k  Z
12 12
lMhat´TI35
k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa sin x  cos x  58  38 cos 4x
6 6

3 13 1 3 2 3
x¿cUreda¼RsaysmIkar (sin x  cos x)  16  sin
4
2x

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿RsaybBa¢ak´fa sin x  cos x  58  38 cos 4x
6 6

2 2
eyIgman sin x  cos x  1 ; x  IN
elIkGg:TaMgBIrCaKUbeKán ½
74
( sin2 x  cos 2 x )3  1
sin 6 x  3 sin 4 x cos 2 x  3 sin 2 x cos 4 x  cos 6 x  1
sin6 x  cos 6 x  3 sin2 x cos 2 x ( sin2 x  cos 2 x)  1
sin 6 x  cos 6 x  3 sin2 x cos 2 x  1
3
sin 6 x  cos 6 x  sin 2 2 x  1
4
3 1  cos 4 x
sin 6 x  cos 6 x  ( ) 1
4 2
3 3 5 3
sin 6 x  cos 6 x  1   cos 4 x   cos 4 x
8 8 8 8
5 3
dUcen¼ sin 6 x  cos 6 x   cos 4 x .
8 8
13 1
x¿eda¼RsaysmIkar (sin3 x  cos 3 x)2   sin3 2 x
16 4
13
eyIgán sin 6 x  2 sin3 x cos 3 x  cos 6 x  3
2 sin x 3
cos x
16
5 3 13 1
 cos 4 x  ¦ cos 4 x 
8 4 16 2
ð ð kð
eKTaj 4 x    2kð ¦ x  , kZ .
3 12 2

75
lMhat´TI36
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U n ) kMnt´elI IN eday ½
 U 0  2

 Un1  2  Un , n  IN

k¿cUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

x¿KNnaplKuN P  U  U  U  ....  U .
n 0 1 2 n

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

eyIgman
ð ð ð
U  2  2 cos nig U  2  U  2  2 cos  2 cos
0 1 0
4 4 8
«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW U  2 cos 2ð p p2

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI (p  1) KW U  2 cos 2ð p 1 p3

eyIgman U  2  U Ettamkar«bma U  2 cos 2ð


p 1 p p p2

eyIgán U  2  2 cos 2ð  4 cos 2ð  2 cos 2ð Bit


p 1 p 2
2
p3 p 3

dUcen¼ U  2 cos 2ð
n . n 2

76
x¿ KNnaplKuN P  U  U  U  ....  U
n 0 1 2 n

tamrUbmnþ sin 2a  2 sin a cos a naM[ 2 cos a  sin 2a


sin a
ð ð
n n n k 1
sin
sin
ð 2 2  1
Pn   (Uk )   (2 cos k 2 )   ( )
k0 k 0 2 k 0
ð ð ð
sin k 2 sin n2 sin n2
2 2 2
lMhat´TI37
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI n IN eday ½
2
2 1 1 U n
U 
0 nig U  n1 , n  IN
2 2
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

eyIgman U  22  sin ð4
0

ð
2 1  1  sin 2
1  1  U0 4  sin ð
U1  
2 2 8
ð
«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW U  sin 2 p p2

ð
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI (p  1) KW Up1  sin
2 p3
Bit
1  1  Up 2 ð
eyIgman Up  1  Ettamkar«bma Up  sin
2 2p2
77
ð
1  1  sin2
eyIgán Up1  2 p 2
2
ð ð
1  cos 2 sin 2
 2 p2  2 p 3  sin ð Bit
2 2 2 p3
dUcen¼ U  sin 2ð
n .
n 2

lMhat´TI38
2 2
eK[smIkardWeRkTIBIr (E) : x  (m  m) x  m  2  0
eKsnµtfasmIkaren¼man¦sBIrtagerogKñaeday tan a
nig tan b .
k¿cUrkMnt´témøéná¨r¨aEm¨Rt m edIm,I[ a  b  ð3 .
x¿cUreda¼RsaysmIkarxagelIcMeBa¼ m EdlánrkeXIj .
K¿edayeRbIlTæplxagelIcUrTajrktémøRákdén tan 12ð .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿kMnt´témøéná¨r¨aEm¨Rt m edIm,I[ a  b  ð3 ½
2 2
smIkarman¦skalNa   (m  m)  4m  8  0
eday tan a nig tanb Ca¦srbs´smIkarena¼
78
 tan a  tan b  m2  m (1)
tamRTwsþIbTEvüteKman 
 tan a . tan b  m  2 (2)
tan a  tan b
eday tan(a  b) 
1  tan a. tan b
ð tan a  tan b
tan 
3 1  tan a. tan b
tan a  tan b
3  (3)
1  tan a. tan b
ykTMnak´TMng (1) nig ( 2) CYskñúgsmIkar (3)

eKán ½
m2  m
3 ¦ m2  (1  3) m  3  0
1 m  2
eday a  b  c  0 eKTaj¦s m  1 , m  3 1 2

-cMeBa¼ m  1 ena¼   (1  1)  4.1  9  4  0


2 2

( minyk )
2
-cMeBa¼ m  3 ena¼   (3  3)  4 3  8  4  2 30

dUcen¼ m  3 .
x¿eda¼RsaysmIkarxagelIcMeBa¼ m EdlánrkeXIj ½
2
cMeBa¼ m  3 eKán ½ x  (3  3)x  3  2  0
eday a  b  c  0 eKTaj¦s x  1 , x  2  3 .
1 2

79
ð
K¿TajrktémøRákdén tan ½12
ð
tamlTæplxagelIeKman x  tan a  1 naM[
1 a
4
ehIy a  b  ð3 ena¼ b  ð3  ð4  12ð
ehtuen¼ x  tanb  tan12ð  2  3
2

dUcen¼ tan 12ð  2  3 .


lMhat´TI39
k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´TMnak´TMng tan x  cot x  2 cot 2x
x¿cUrKNnaplbUkxageRkam ½
1 a 1 a 1 a
S n  tan a  tan  2 tan 2  ....  n tan n
2 2 2 2 2 2
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿RsaybBa¢ak´TMnak´TMng tan x  cot x  2 cot 2 x
 1
 cot x 
tan x
tag A  cot x  2 cot 2 x eday 
cot 2 x  1 1  tan2 x
 
tan 2 x 2 tan x
1 1  tan2 x 1  1  tan2 x
eKán A 2 ( )  tan x
tan x 2 tan x tan x
dUcen¼ tan x  cot x  2 cot 2 x .
80
x¿KNnaplbUkxageRkam ½
1 a 1 a 1 a
S n  tan a  tan  2 tan 2  ....  n tan n
2 2 2 2 2 2
n
 1 a 
   k tan k 
k0  2 2 
n
1 a a 
   k (cot k  2 cot k 1 )
k0  2 2 2 
n
 1 a 1 a  1 a
   k cot k  k 1 cot k 1   n cot n  2 cot 2a
k0  2 2 2 2  2 2
dUcen¼ S  tana  21 tan 2a  ....  21 tan 2a  21 cot 2a  2 cot2a .
n n n n n

lMhat´TI40
2
k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa tan2x .tan x  tan2x  2 tan x
n
x¿cUrKNnaplbUk S   2 tan 2a tan 2a 
n
k0
k
k
2
k 1

dMeNa¼Rsay
2
k¿RsaybBa¢ak´fa tan2x .tan x  tan2x  2 tan x
tag f(x)  tan 2x  2 tan x eday tan 2x  1 2 tan x
2
tan x
eKán f(x)  1 2 tan
tan x
x
2
 2 tan x

81
2 tan x  2 tan x(1  tan2 x)

1  tan2 x
2 tan x  2 tan x  2 tan3 x

1  tan2 x
2 tan3 x 2 tan x
 2
 2
. tan2 x  tan 2 x. tan2 x
1  tan x 1  tan x
2
dUcen¼ tan2x .tan x  tan2x  2 tan x .
n
x¿KNnaplbUk S   2 tan 2a tan 2a 
n
k0
k
k
2
k 1

2 a
eyIgman tan2x .tan x  tan2x  2 tan x edayyk x
2 k 1
eKán tan 2a tan 2a  tan 2a  2 tan 2a
k
2
k 1 k k 1

n
 k a k 1 a  n1 a
Sn    2 tan  2 tan   tan a  2 tan
k0  2k 2 k 1  2 n1
n
 a a  a
dUcen¼ S n   2 k tan k tan2 k 1   tan a  2 n1 tan n1
k0  2 2  2

82
lMhat´TI41
1
k¿cUrRsayfa sin3 x  ( 3 sin x  sin 3x)
4
x¿cUrKNna
a a a a
S n  sin3  3 sin3 2  32 sin3 3  ....  3n1 sin3 n
3 3 3 3
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa sin x  41 ( 3 sin x  sin 3x)
3

eyIgman sin 3x  sin(x  2x)


tamrUbmnþ sin(a  b)  sin a cos b  sin b cos a
 sin x cos 2 x  sin 2 x cos x
 sin x(1  2 sin2 x)  2 sin x cos 2 x
 sin x(1  2 sin2 x)  2 sin x(1  sin2 x)
 sin x  2 sin3 x  2 sin x  2 sin3 x
 3 sin x  4 sin3 x
3
eday sin 3x  3 sin x  4 sin x
dUcen¼ sin x  41 ( 3 sin x  sin 3x) .
3

x¿ KNna S  sin 3a  3 sin 3a  3 sin 3a  ....  3 sin 3a


n
3 3
2
2 3
3
n 1 3
n

n
eyIgán S    3 sin 3a  eday sin x  41 ( 3 sin x  sin 3x)
n
k 1
k 1 3
k
3

1 n
 k a k 1 a  1 n a
Sn    3 sin k
 3 sin k 1 
 (3 sin n
 sin a)
4 k 1  3 3  4 3 83
lMhat´TI42
1 4 1
k¿cUrRsayfa  
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 x
1 1 1
x¿cUrKNna S n    .... 
a a a
4 cos 2 4 2 cos 2 4 n cos 2 n
2 2 2
dMeNa¼Rsay
1 4 1
k¿ Rsayfa  
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 x
eyIgman
1 1 sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1 4
   
cos 2 x sin 2 x sin2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 2 x
1 4 1
dUcen¼   .
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 x
1 1 1
x¿ KNna Sn    .... 
a a a
4 cos 2 4 2 cos 2 4 n cos 2 n
2 2 2
 
n  
1 1
eyIgán Sn    k . 
k 1  4
a
 cos 2 k 
 2 
1 4 1
eday  
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 x
eKán ½

84
 
n  1 4 1 
Sn    k (  ) 
a a
k 1
 4 sin 2 k 1 sin 2 k 
 2 2 
 
n 
1 1 1 1  1 1
   k 1 .  k.   
k 1 4 a a 2
a 4n sin 2 a
 sin 2 k 1 4 sin 2 k  sin
 2 2  2n
1 1
dUcen¼ Sn   .
sin 2 a 4 n sin 2 a
2n
lMhat´TI43
k¿cUrRsayfa sin12x  cot x  cot 2x
1 1 1 1
x¿cUrKNna S  n    .... 
sin a a a a
sin sin sin
2 22 2n
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa sin12x  cot x  cot 2x
tag f(x)  cot x  cot 2x
cos x cos 2 x
 
sin x sin 2 x
cos x 2 cos 2 x  1
 
sin x 2 sin x cos x
2 cos 2 x  2 cos 2 x  1 1
 
2 sin x cos x sin 2 x 85
1
dUcen¼  cot x  cot 2 x .
sin 2 x
1 1 1 1
x¿KNna Sn     .... 
sin a sin a a a
sin 2 sin n
2 2 2
n
1 1
eyIgán Sn  ( ) eday  cot x  cot 2 x
k0
a sin 2 x
sin
2k
n
 a a 
Sn    2 k 1
 cot  cot k 
k0 2 
a
 cot n1  cot a
2
a
dUcen¼ S n  cot n1  cot a .
2

lMhat´TI44
x
cot
1 2
k¿cUrRsayfa 1 
cos x cot x
x¿KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn  (1  )(1  )(1  ).....(1  )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
dMeNa¼Rsay
x
cot
1 2
k¿Rsayfa 1 
cos x cot x
86
1
eyIgtag A( x)  1 
cos x
x x x x
2 cos 2 2 cos 2 sin cos sin x
cos x  1 2  2 2  2
 
cos x cos x x x
cos x sin cos x sin
2 2
x x
cos cot
 2 . sin x  tan x tan x  2
x cos x 2 cot x
sin
2
x
cot
1 2
dUcen¼ 1  .
cos x cot x
x¿KNnaplKuN

1 1 1 1 n
1
Pn  (1  )(1  )(1  ).....(1  )  ( 1 )
cosa a a a k 0 a
cos cos 2 cos n cos k
2 2 2 2
a a
tan tan
n
2 k 1
2 n 1 a
 ( )  tan n 1 cot a
k 0 a tan a 2
tan k
2

87
lMhat´TI45
nx)  cos(n  1)x cos(nx) 
k¿cUrRsayfa sin(
cos x
 n
 cos x

cos x 
. cot x
n 1 n

sin x sin 2 x sin 3x sin(nx)


x¿cUrKNna S  cos n  
x cos x cos x
 .... 
2
cos x 3 n

dMeNa¼Rsay
nx)  cos(n  1)x cos(nx) 
k¿Rsayfa sin(
cos x
 n
 cos x
  . cot x
n 1
cos x  n

eyIgman cos(n  1)x  cos(nx  x)


¦ cos(n  1)x  cos(nx) cos x  sin(nx) sin x
n1
EckGg:TaMgBIrnwg cos x eKán ½
cos(n  1)x cos(nx) cos x sin(nx) sin x cos(nx) sin(nx)
n1
 n1
 n1
 n
 n
. tan x
cos x cos x cos x cos x cos x
sin(nx)  cos(n  1)x cos(nx)  1
naM[   cos n1 x  .
cos n x cos n x  tan x
sin(nx)  cos(n  1)x cos(nx) 
dUcen¼   . cot x .
cos n x  cos x
n 1
cos n x 
sin x sin 2 x sin 3x sin(nx)
x¿KNna Sn     .... 
cos x cos 2 x cos 3 x cos n x
n
 sin(kx) 
eyIgán Sn    k 
k 1  cos x 

sin(kx)  cos(k  1)x cos(kx) 


eday k
 k 1
 k  . cot x
cos x  cos x cos x 
S cot x n  cos(k  1)x cos(kx)   cos(n  1)x 
n    k 1
 k   cot x  n 1
 1
k 1  cos x cos x   cos x 

88
lMhat´TI46
1 1
k¿cUrRsayfa cos(nx). cos(  tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)
n  1)x sin x
n
x¿ KNnaplbUk S    cos(px) cos(
n
p 1
1 

p  1) x 

dMeNa¼Rsay
1 1
k¿Rsayfa cos(nx). cos(  tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)
n  1)x sin x
sin(p  q)
tamrUbmnþ tanp  tan q  cos p cos q

naM[ cos p1cos q  sin(p1  q)  tanp  tan q (1)


yk p  (n  1)x , q  (nx) nig p  q  x CYskñúg (1) eKán
1 1
 tan(n  1)x  tan(nx) .
cos(nx). cos(n  1)x sin x
n
x¿KNnaplbUk S    cos(px) cos(
n
p 1
1 

p  1) x 

tamsRmayxagelIeKman ½
1 1
 tan(p  1)x  tan(px)
cos(px). cos(p  1) x sin x
n
1
eyIgán Sn   tan(p  1)x  tan(px)
sin x p 1
1 sin(nx)
 tan(n  1)x  tan x  
sin x sin x cos x cos(n  1) x

89
lMhat´TI47
k¿cUrRsayfa
tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)  tan x 1  tan(nx) tan(n  1) x 

x¿KNnaplbUk
S n  tan x tan 2 x  tan 2 x tan 3x  .....  tan(nx) tan(n  1) x

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)  tan x 1  tan(nx) tan(n  1)x
a  tan b
tamrUbmnþ ta(a  b)  1tan tan a tan b
naM[ tan a  tanb  tan(a  b) 1  tan a tanb (1)
edayyk a  (n  1)x , b  nx nig a  b  x
CYskñúg (1) eKán ½
tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)  tan x 1  tan(nx) tan(n  1) x  .

x¿KNnaplbUk
S n  tan x tan 2 x  tan 2 x tan 3x  .....  tan(nx) tan(n  1) x
n
eyIgán S   tan(kx) tan(k  1)x
n
k 1

tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman ½
90
tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)  tan x 1  tan(nx) tan(n  1) x 

¦ tan(nx) tan(n  1)x  tan(n  1)x  tan(nx) cot x 1


n
eyIgán S   tan(k  1)x  tan(kx) cot x  1
n
k 1

 tan(n  1) x  tan x  cot x  n


sin(nx)
 cot x  n
cos(n  1)x cos x
dUcen¼ S  cos(nsin( 1nx)x)sin x  n .
n

lMhat´TI48
k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa 2 cos x  1  1 1 2 2coscos2xx
x¿cUrKNnaplKuN ½
a a a
Pn  (2 cos a  1)(2 cos  1)(2 cos 2  1).....(2 cos n  1)
2 2 2
dMeNa¼Rsay
1  2 cos 2 x
k¿ RsaybBa¢ak´fa 2 cos x  1
1  2 cos x
2
tamrUbmnþ cos 2x  2 cos x 1
2 cos 2 x  4 cos 2 x  2
2 cos 2 x  1  4 cos 2 x  1
2 cos 2 x  1  (2 cos x  1)(2 cos x  1)
1  2 cos 2 x
dUcen¼ 2 cos x  1  .
1  2 cos x
91
x¿ KNnaplKuN ½
a a a
Pn  (2 cos a  1)(2 cos  1)(2 cos 2  1).....(2 cos n  1)
2 2 2
n
 a 
   2 cos k
 1
k0 2 
1  2 cos 2 x
eday 2 cos x  1 
1  2 cos x
 a 
n  1  2 cos( )
k 1 
2 1  2 cos 2a
Pn     
k 0 
a a
1  2 cos( k )  1  2 cos n
 2  2
1  2 cos 2a
dUcen¼ Pn  .
a
1  2 cos n
2

lMhat´TI49
tan3 x 1
k¿cUrRsayfa  ( tan 3x  3 tan x)
1  3 tan2 x 8
 k 3 a 
n  3 tan
x¿cUrKNnaplbUk Sn    3k 

k0  2 a
1  3 tan k 
 3 
dMeNa¼Rsay
3
k¿ Rsayfa 1 tan x
3 tan x 8
1
 ( tan 3x  3 tan x)
2

3
x  tan x
tamrUbmnþ tan3x  3 tan
1  3 tan x 2
92
3 tanx  tan3 x 8 tan3 x
eyIgán tan3x  3 tanx   3 tanx 
1  3 tan2 x 1  3 tan2 x
tan3 x 1
dUcen¼ 2
 ( tan 3x  3 tan x) .
1  3 tan x 8

 k 3 a 
n  3 tan 
x¿KNnaplbUk Sn  3k
  a 
k0 1  3 tan2 k 
 3 
tan3 x 1 a
eyIgman  ( tan 3x  3 tan x) edayyk x
1  3 tan2 x 8 3k
a
tan3 k
3 1 a a
eKán  (tan k 1  3 tan k )
a 8 3 3
1  3 tan2 k
3
eyIgán
1 n k a a 1 a 
S n   (3 tan k 1  3k 1 tan k )   tan 3a  3n1 tan n 
8 k0 3 3 8 3 
tan 3a 3n1 a
dUcen¼ Sn   tan n .
8 8 3

93
lMhat´TI50
tan3 x 1
k¿cUrRsayfa 2
 tan 2 x  tan x
1  tan x 2
 k 3 a 
n  2 tan n 
Sn   2 
x¿cUrKNnaplbUk   1  tan2 a 
k0
 
 2n 
dMeNa¼Rsay
3
k¿Rsayfa 1 tantanx x  21 tan 2x  tan x
2

3
eyIgán 21 tan 2x  tan x  1 tan x
tan x
 tan x 
tan x
2
1  tan x 2

3
dUcen¼ 1 tantanx x  21 tan 2x  tan x .
2

 k 3 a 
n  2 tan k 
x¿KNnaplbUk Sn   2 
  1  tan2 a 
k0
 
 2k 
tan3 x 1 a
eKman  tan 2 x  tan x yk x
1  tan2 x 2 2k
a
tan3 k
2 1 a a
eKán  tan k 1  tan k
a 2 2 2
1  tan2 k
2
n
eyIgán  a a  1 a
Sn    2 k 1 tan 2k 1  2k tan 2k   2 tan 2a  2n tan 2n
k0

1 a
dUcen¼ S n  tan 2a  2 n tan n .
2 2
94
lMhat´TI51
k¿cUrRsayfa cos(2nx)  2 sin1 x  sin(2n  1)x  sin(2n  1)x 
x¿KNnaplbUk S  cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 6x  .....  cos(2nx)
n

K¿TajrkplbUk
Tn  cos 2 x  cos 2 2 x  cos 2 3x  .....  cos 2 (nx)

X¿KNnaplbUk
Un  sin2 x  sin2 2 x  sin2 3x  .....  sin2 (nx)

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa cos(2nx)  2 sin1 x  sin(2n  1)x  sin(2n  1)x 
tamrUbmnþ sin p  sin q  2 sin( p 2 q) cos( p 2 q)
edayyk p  (2n  1)x , q  (2n  1)x
nig p  q  2x , p  q  4nx
eKán sin(2n  1)x  sin(2n  1)x  2 sin x cos(2nx)
dUcen¼ cos(2nx)  2 sin1 x  sin(2n  1)x  sin(2n  1)x  .
x¿KNnaplbUk S  cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 6x  .....  cos(2nx)
n
n
eyIgán S   cos(2kx)
n
k 1

95
n
1
  sin(2k  1)x  sin(2k  1)x 
2 sin x k 1
1
 sin(2n  1)x  sin x 
2 sin x
1 sin(nx) cos(n  1)x
 2 sin(nx) cos(n  1)x  
2 sin x sin x
dUcen¼ S  sin(nx)sincos(x n  1)x .
n

2 2 2 2
K¿TajrkplbUk T  cos x  cos 2x  cos 3x  ..... cos (nx)
n
n
eyIgán T   cos (kx) tamrUbmnþ cos a  1  cos
n
k 1
2
2
2a 2

n
eKán T   1  cos(2 2kx)   2n  21 S
n
k 1
n

eday S  sin(nx)sincos(x n  1)x


n

n  1)x
dUcen¼ T  2n  sin(nx2) cos(
n
sin x
.
X¿KNnaplbUk
Un  sin2 x  sin2 2 x  sin2 3x  .....  sin2 (nx)
n
eyIgán Un   sin2 (kx)
k 1
n
  1  cos 2 (kx)  n  Tn
k 1

n  1)x
eday T  2n  sin(nx2) cos(
n
sin x
n  1)x
dUcen¼ U  n2  sin(nx2) cos(
n
sin x
.
96
lMhat´TI52
2
eK[GnuKmn_ y  x  22mx  3m  8
2
( x  1)
Edl x  IR nig
m Caá¨ra¨Em¨Rt

kMnt´témø m edIm,I[GnuKmn_en¼Gactag[témøkUsIunUs
énmMumYyán¦eT?
dMeNa¼Rsay
edIm,I[GnuKmn_en¼tag[témøkUsIunUsénmMumYylu¼RtaEtcMeBa¼
2
RKb´ x  IR eKán  1  x  22(mx  3m  8
2
x  1)
1

edayeKman
2( x 2  1)  0 , x  IR

eKTaj  2 x 2  2  x 2  2mx  3m  8  2 x 2  2
 3x 2  2mx  3m  6  0 (1)
¦  2
 x  2mx  3m  10  0 (2)
cMeBa¼ (1) : 3x 2  2mx  3m  6  0
a  3  0
smmUl  2
  '  m  9m  18  0
2
eday m  9m  18  (m  3)(m  6)
97
eKán '  (m  3)(m  6)  0 naM[ 3 m 6

¦ m  [3,6 ]
2
cMeBa¼(2) : x  2mx  3m  10  0
a  1  0
smmUl  2
  '  m  3m  10  0
2
eday m  3m  10  (m  2)(m  5)
eKán '  (m  2)(m  5)  0 naM[  5  m  2
¦ m  [ 5 , 2 ] .
edayykcemøIy m  [ 3 , 6 ] RbsBVnwg m  [5 , 2 ]
ena¼eKán m  ö
dUcen¼eKminGackMnt´témø m edIm,I[GnuKmn_en¼Gactag
[témøkUsIunUsénmMumYyáneT .

98
lMhat´TI53
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa
cos 4 x  4 sin 4 x  1 8
2   cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBit
cos 4 x  2 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
cos 4 x  4 sin 4 x  1
eyIgtag y  cos 4 x  2 , x  IR

eyIgán cos 4x  4 sin 4x  1  y cos 4x  2y


¦ (1  y) cos 4 x  4 sin 4 x  2 y  1 (1)
eyIgeRCIserIsviucT&rBIr ½
 
U ( 1  y , 4 ) nig V ( cos 4 x , sin 4 x )

tamkenßamviPaKplKuNs;aEl
 
U . V  (1  y) cos 4 x  4 sin 4 x (2)
 
tam (1) nig (2) eKTaj U . V  2y  1 .
   
müa¨geTottamniymn&y U . V  || U ||.|| V ||. cos è
eday  1  cos è  1 , è  IR
     
eKTaj  ||U||.|| V ||  U . V  ||U||.|| V||
99
  2  
U  2 2
¦  . V   || U|| .|| V ||
 
   
2 2
eday ||U||  (1  y)  16 , || V || 1 nig U . V  2y  1
2 2 2
eKán (2y  1)  (1  y)  16 ¦ 3y  2y  16  0
2
eday 3y  2y  16  (y  2)(3y  8)
2 8
ehtuen¼ 3 y  2 y  16  0 smmUl  2  y  .
3
cos 4 x  4 sin 4 x  1 8
dUcen¼  2  
cos 4 x  2 3
cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBit x .
lMhat´TI54
2 1 1 2
eK[cMnYnkMupøic Z  (cos x  cos x )  i.(sin x  sin x ) 2 2

Edl x CacMnYnBit.
cUrkMnt´rkm¨UDulGb,brmaéncMnYnkMupøicen¼ ?
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkm¨UDulGb,brmaéncMnYnkMupøic
eyIgán |Z| (cos x  cos1 x )  (sin x  sin1 x )
2
2
2 2
2
2

2 1 2 1 2 2
tag f ( x)  (cos x  )  (sin
2
x  ) 2
cos x sin x
100
1 1
 cos 4 x  2   sin 4
x  2 
cos 4 x sin 4 x
1 1
 4  (cos 4 x  sin 4 x)  ( 4  4
)
sin x cos x
4 4
cos x  sin x
 4  (cos 4 x  sin 4 x)  ( 4 4
)
sin x cos x
1
 4  (cos 4 x  sin 4 x)(1  4 4
)
sin x cos x
16

 4  (cos 2 x  sin2 x)2  2 sin2 x cos 2 x (1   4
sin 2 x
)

1 16
 4  (1  sin2 2 x)(1  4
)
2 sin 2 x
2
1 2 1
edayeKman sin 2 x  1 naM[ 1  sin 2 x 
2 2
16
nig 1  sin 2x  17
4

1 2 16 17 25
eKTaj 4  (1  sin 2 x)(1  )4
 4  
2 sin 2 x 2 2
1 2 16 25
eyIgán f(x)  4  (1  sin 2 x)(1  4
)
2 sin 2 x 2
5 5 2
eday | Z | f( x) eKTaján|Z|  
2 2
5 2
dUcen¼m¨UDulGb,brmaén Z KW | Z |min  .
2

101
lMhat´TI55
2
eK[ x CacMnYnBitEdl 60x  71x  21  0 .
 ð 
cUrbgHajfa sin    0 .
 3 x  1 
dMeNa¼Rsay
 ð 
bgHajfa sin    0
 3x  1 
2
tag f(x)  60x  71x  21
ebI f(x)  0  60x 2  71x  21  0
  (71) 2  4(60)(21)  5041  5040  1
71  1 7 71  39 3
eKTaj¦s x1   , x2  
120 12 120 5
eyIgán f(x)  60x  71x  21  0 naM[ 127  x  53
2

7 9 4 1 4
¦ 4  3x  5 naM[ 5 3x  1 3  
4ð ð 4ð
eKTaj 5 3x  1 3 naM[ sin  3xð 1  0 .
 
2
dUcen¼ ebI x CacMnYnBitEdl 60x  71x  21  0
ena¼eKán½ sin  3xð 1  0 .
102
lMhat´TI56
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´eday U  2 .sin n4ð
n n
n

Edl n  IN * .
k-cUrbgHajfa 2.cos (n 41)ð  cos n4ð  sin n4ð
x-Taj[ánfa U  ( 2) cos n4ð  ( 2) cos (n 41)ð
n
n n 1

K-KNnaplbUk S  U  U  U  .........  U .
n 1 2 3 n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k-bgHajfa 2.cos (n 41)ð  cos n4ð  sin n4ð
tamrUbmnþ cos(a  b)  cos a cos b  sin a sin b
eyIgán
(n  1)ð nð ð nð ð nð ð
2 cos  2 cos(  )  2(cos cos  i sin sin )
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
(n  1)ð 2 nð 2 nð nð nð
2 cos  2( cos  sin )  cos  sin
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
(n  1)ð nð nð
dUcen¼ 2 . cos  cos  sin.
4 4 4
x-Taj[ánfa U  ( 2) cos n4ð  ( 2) cos (n 41)ð
n
n n 1

(n  1)ð nð nð
eyIgman 2 . cos  cos  sin
4 4 4
nð nð (n  1)ð
naM[ sin 4  cos 4  2 cos 4 103
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg ( 2 )n eKán
nð nð (n  1)ð
( 2 )n sin  ( 2 )n cos  ( 2 )n 1 cos
4 4 4
nð (n  1)ð
dUcen¼ Un  ( 2 )n cos  ( 2 )n 1 cos .
4 4

K-KNnaplbUk S n  U 1  U 2  U 3  .........  U n
eyIgán
n
 k kð k 1 (k  1)ð 
S n   ( 2 ) cos  ( 2 ) cos
k 1  4 4 
ð (n  1)ð
 2 cos  ( 2 )n1 cos
4 4
n 1 (n  1)ð
dUcen¼ Sn  1  ( 2) cos .
4

104
lMhat´TI57
k¿cUrKNnatémø®ákdén sin 10ð nig cos 10ð
x¿cUrRsayfa x  (x  y)  4(x  y ) sin 10ð .
2 2 2 2 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿KNnatémø®ákdén sin 10ð nig cos 10ð
2ð ð 3ð
eKman 10  
2 10
2  3
eKán sin 10  sin(  )
2 10
ð ð 3ð
2 sin cos  cos
10 10 10
ð ð ð ð
2 sin cos  3 cos  4 cos 3
10 10 10 10
ð ð
2 sin  3  4 cos 2
10 10
ð ð
2 sin  3  4(1  sin 2 )
10 10
ð ð
¦ 4 sin 2
10
 2 sin
10
tag t  sin 10ð  0
1 0

2
eKán 4t  2t  1  0 , '  1  4  5  0
eKTaj¦s t  1 4 5  0 ( minyk ) , t  1 4 5
1 2

dUcen¼ sin 10ð  1 4 5 .


105
eday
ð ð ð 1 5 2 10  2 5
sin 2  cos 2 1 naM[ cos  1 ( ) 
10 10 10 4 4

dUcen¼ cos 10ð  10 4 2 5 .


x¿Rsayfa x  (x  y)  4(x  y ) sin 10ð
2 2 2 2 2

tagGnuKmn_ f(x ; y)  x  (x  y)  4(x  y ) sin 10ð


2 2 2 2 2

eKán f (x ; y)  x  x  2xy  y  4(x  y )(1 4 5 )


2 2 2 2 2 2

62 5
 2 x 2  2 xy  y 2  4( x 2  y 2 )
16
3 5
 2 x 2  2 xy  y 2  ( x 2  y 2 )
2
1 5 2 1 5 2
 x  2 xy  y
2 2
 5 1 2 5 1 2
   x  2 xy  y 
 2 2 
2
 5 1 5  1 
  x  y  0 , x, y  IR
 2 2 
 
ð
dUcen¼ x 2  ( x  y)2  4( x 2  y 2 ) sin2
10
RKb´cMnYnBit x, y  IR .

106
lMhat´TI58
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYy .
bgHajfaebI tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3 Ca¦srbs´smIkar
3 2
(E) : x  ax  bx  c  0 ena¼eKán 3  a  3b  c .
dMeNa¼Rsay
karbgHaj ½
eyIgán tan( A3  B3  C3)  tan[( A3  B3)  C3 ]
A B C
tan(  )  tan
ABC 3 3 3
tan( )
3 A B C
1  tan(  ) tan
3 3 3
A B
tan  tan
3 3  tan C
A B 3
1  tan tan
ð 3 3
tan 
3 A B
tan  tan
1 3 3 . tan C
A B 3
1  tan tan
3 3
A B C A B C
tan  tan  tan  tan tan tan
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 (1)
A B A C B C
1  (tan tan  tan tan  tan tan )
3 3 3 3 3 3
A B C
eday tan , tan , tan Ca¦srbs´smIkar (E)
3 3 3
107
ena¼tamRTwsþIbTEvüteKmanTMnak´TMng ½
A B C
tan  tan  tan   a (2)
3 3 3
A B B C A C
tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  b (3)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
tan . tan . tan   c (4)
2 2 2
ykTMnak´TMng (2) , (3) nig (4) CYskñúgsmIkar (1)

eKán ½
ac
3  ¦ 3  3 b  a  c
1 b

108
lMhat´TI59
2
eK[GnuKmn_ f(x)  x xcos a2x cos
2
2 x  cos a
a 1
, 0að

bgHajfa x  IR :  1  f(x)  1 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa x  IR :  1  f(x)  1
(1  cos a) x 2  2(1  cos a) x  (1  cos a)
1  f( x) 
x 2  2 x cos a  1
(1  cos a)( x 2  2 x  1)
1  f( x)  2
x  2 x cos a  cos 2 a  sin2 a
a
2( x  1)2 cos 2
1  f( x)  2  0 , x  IR
( x  cos x)2  sin2 a

eKTaján f( x)   1 , x  IR (1)
(1  cos a) x 2  2(1  cos a)x  (1  cos a)
1  f( x ) 
x 2  2 x cos a  1
(1  cos a)( x 2  2 x  1)
1  f( x )  2
x  2 x cos a  cos 2 a  sin 2 a
a
2( x  1)2 sin2
1  f( x )  2  0 , x  IR
( x  cos x)  sin2 a
2

eKTaján f(x)  1 , x  IR (2)

tam (1) nig (2) eKTaján x  IR :  1  f( x)  1

109
lMhat´TI60
4 4
eKmansmPaB sina x  cosb x  a 1 b
Edl a  0 , b  0 , a  b  0
8 8
cUrbgHajfa sina x  cosb x  (a 1b)
3
. 3 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
8 8
bgHajfa sina x  cosb x  (a 1b)
3 3 3

4 4
eKman sina x  cosb x  a 1 b
4 4
naM[ b(a  b) sin x  a(a  b) cos x  ab
ab sin 4 x  b 2 sin 4 x  a 2 cos 4 x  ab cos 4 x  ab(sin 2 x  cos 2 x) 4
a 2 cos 4 x  2ab cos 2 x sin 2 x  b 2 sin 4 x  0
(a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x)2  0
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin2 x  cos 2 x 1
eKTaj   
a b ab ab
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
naM[  
a4 b4 (a  b) 4
8 8
eKTaj sina x  (a ab) (1) nig cosb x  (a bb)
3 4 3 4
(2)

bUksmIkar (1) nig (2) Gg:nigGg: eKán ½


sin8 x cos 8 x ab 1
  
a3 b3 (a  b) 4 (a  b)3
110
lMhat´TI61
eK[RtIekaN ABC man cos B  53 nig cos C  54
cUrKNna sin(B  C) rYckMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC .
dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC
eyIgman cos B  53 nig cos C  54
eyIgán sin B  1  cos B  1  259  54
2

nig sin C  1  sin C  1  16


2
25 5

3

man sin(B  C)  sin B cos C  sin C cos B


4 4 3 3
sin(B  C)  .  .  1
5 5 5 5
naM[ B  C  ð2 ehIy A  ð2
dUcen¼ ABC CaRtIekaNEkgRtg´ A .

111
lMhat´TI62
eK[ctuekaN ABCD mYyman
AB  a , BC  b , CD  c , DA  d
eKtag S CaépÞRkLarbs´ctuekaNen¼ .
cUrRsayfa S  21 ( ab  cd ) .
dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa S  21 ( ab  cd )
D
A

B C
eyIgman S  S ABC  S ACD
1 1
eday S ABC  AB.BC . sin B  ab sin B
2 2
1 1
nig S ADC  AD.DC . sin D  cd sin D
2 2
1
eyIgán S  ( ab sin B  cd sin D )
2
112
eyIgman sin B  1 ena¼ ab sinB  ab
nig sin D  1 ena¼ cd sin D  cd
dUcen¼ S  21 ( ab  cd )
lMhat´TI63
eK[RtIekaN ABC manRCugepÞógpÞat´TMnak´TMng
2 2 2
a  b  2c .
2 2
k¿cUrbgHajfa cos C  a 4abb
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa cos C  21
dMeNa¼Rsay
2 2
k¿bgHajfa cos C  a 4abb
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUsGnuvtþn_kñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ½
2 2 2 2 2 2
c  a  b  2ab cos C Ettamsmµtikmµ a  b  2c
2 2
eKán a 2 b  a  b  2ab cos C
2 2

2 2 2 2
¦ 2ab cos C  a  b  a 2 b  a 2 b
2 2

2 2
dUcen¼ cos C  a 4abb .
113
1
x¿ TajbBa¢ak´fa cos C 
2
2
eyIgman (a  b)  0
2 2 a2  b2 1
a  2ab  b  0 ¦ 
4ab 2
a 2  b2
edaytamsRmayxagelI cos C 
4ab
dUcen¼ cos C  21 .
lMhat´TI64
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCúg a , b , c .
ebI cosa A  cosb B  cosc C  21 ( 1a  b1  1c)
cUrkMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC
dMeNa¼Rsay
RbePTénRtIekaN ABC
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUskñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ½
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c a cos A b  c  a
cos A  naM[  (1)
2bc a 2abc
2 2 2
dUcKñaEdreKTaj cosb B  a 2abc c b
(2)
2 2 2
nig cosc C  a 2babc c (3)
bUkTMnak´TMng (1) , (2) , (3) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½ 114
cos A cos B cos C a 2  b 2  c 2
  
a b c 2abc
cos A cos B cos C 1 1 1 1
eday    (   ) eKTaján ½
a b c 2 a b c
a2  b2  c2 1 1 1 1
 (   )
2abc 2 a b c
a 2  b 2  c 2 bc  ca  ab

2abc 2abc
a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac
2a 2  2b 2  2c 2  2ab  2bc  2ac
(a 2  2ab  b 2 )  (b 2  2bc  c 2 )  (c 2  2ac  a 2 )  0
(a  b)2  (b  c) 2  (c  a)2  0

eKTajánsmPaB a  b  c .
dUcen¼ ABC CaRtIekaNsm&gß.

115
lMhat´TI65
3 2
eK[smIkar (E) : x  (2m  3)x  5x  3m  2  0
«bmafasmIkaren¼man¦bItageday tan á , tan â , tan ã .
k¿cUrKNna A  cossin(áácos ââ cosã)ã CaGnuKmn_én m .
x¿kMnt´ m edIm,I[ A  4 .
K¿eda¼RsaysmIkar (E) cMeBa¼témø m Edlán
rkeXIjxagelI .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿ KNna A  cossin(áácos ââ cosã)ã CaGnuKmn_én m
eyIgman A  sin[   (   )]
cos  cos  cos 
sin á cos(â  ã)  sin(â  ã) cos á

cos á cos â cos ã
sin á cos â cos ã  sin á sin â sin ã  sin â cos ã cos á  sin ã cos â cos á

cos á cos â cos ã
 tan á  tan á tanâ tan ã  tan â  tan ã
 tan á  tan â  tan ã  tan á tanâ tan ã

eday tan á , tan â , tan ã Ca¦ssmIkar (E) ena¼tamRTwsþIbTEvüt


 tan á  tan â  tan ã  2m  3

eyIgman  tan á tan â  tan â tan ã  tan ã tan á  5
 tan á tan â tan ã  3m  2
 116
eyIgán A  2m  3  (3m  2)  m  5
dUcen¼ A  m  5 .
x¿kMnt´ m edIm,I[ A  4
edayeyIgman A  m  5
eyIgán  m  5  4 naM[ m  1 .
K¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar (E) ½
3 2
cMeBa¼ m  1 eKán (E) : x  5x  5x  1  0
3 2 2
eday x  5x  5x  1  (x  1)(x  4 x  1)
eKTaj (x  1)(x  4x  1)  0 ¦  xx 14 x  1  0
2
2

'  4  1  3 eKTaj x  2  3 , x  2  3
1 2

dUcen¼sMNMu¦ssmIkar x  { 2  3 ; 1 , 2  3 } .

117
lMhat´TI66
2 2
eK[GnuKmn_ f(x ; y )  a cos x  b cos y   a sin x  b sin y 
( Edl a  0 , b  0 ) .
2
cMeBa¼RKb´ x ; y  IR bgHajfa f(x; y)  (a  b) .
dMeNa¼Rsay
2
bgHajfa f(x; y)  (a  b)
f( x ; y )  a cos x  b cos y 2  a sin x  b sin y 2
 a 2 cos 2 x  2ab cos x cos y  b 2 cos2 y  a 2 sin2 x  2ab sin x sin y  b 2 s
 a 2 (cos2 x  sin2 x)  b 2 (cos2 y  sin2 y)  2ab(cos x cos y  sin x sin y)
 a 2  b 2  2ab cos(x  y)

2 2
eKán f(x; y)  a  b  2ab cos(x  y)
edayeKman  x; y  IR : cos(x  y)  1
2 2 2
eyIgán f(x)  a  b  2ab  (a  b)
2
dUcen¼ f(x; y)  (a  b) .

118
lMhat´TI67
eK[RtIekaN ABC Edl sin A2  2 abc .
rkRbePTénRtIekaN ABC
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkRbePTénRtIekaN ABC
eKman sin A2  2 abc
2 2 2
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUseKman cos A  b 2cbc a
eday cos A  1  2 sin A2 eKán ½
2

b2  c2  a2 a2
 1 2
2bc 4bc
b2  c2  a2 2bc  a 2

2bc 2bc
b 2  c 2  a 2  2bc  a 2
b 2  2bc  c 2  0
(b  c)2  0
b  c

RtIekaN ABC manRCúg bc naM[vaCaRtIekaNsmát


kMBUl A .

119
lMhat´TI68
3 3
eK[smIkar (E) : cos x cos 3x  sin x sin 3x  m
k¿cUreda¼RsaysmIkaren¼kalNa m  383
x¿rklk&çx&NÐsRmab´ m edIm,I[smIkaren¼man¦s .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿eda¼RsaysmIkaren¼kalNa m  383
3
eyIgman sin 3x  3 sin x  4 sin x naM[
1
sin3 x  (3 sin x  sin 3x)
4
3
ehIy cos 3x  4 cos x  3 cos x
naM[ cos x  41 (3 cos x  cos 3x)
3

smIkar (E) Gacsrsr ½


1 1
(3 cos x  cos 3x) cos 3x  (3 sin x  sin 3x) sin 3x  m
4 4
3 cos x cos 3x  cos 2 3x  3 sin x sin 3x  sin 2 3x  4m
3(cos 3x cos x  sin 3x sin x)  (cos 2 3x  sin 2 3x)  4m
3 cos 2 x  cos 6x  4m
4 cos 3 2 x  4m
cos 2 x  3 m
3 3 3
eday m eKán cos 2 x 
8 2
120
naM[ x   12ð  kð , k  Z
x¿ rklk&çx&NÐsRmab´ m ½
3
edIm,I[smIkaren¼man¦seKRKan´Et[ 1  m  1

¦ m   1 , 1 .
lMhat´TI69
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
log 2 2 (sin x )  log 2 ( 2 sin 3 x )  0

dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
log 2 2 (sin x)  log 2 (2 sin3 x)  0

lkç&xN&Ð sin x  0 naM[ 2kð  x  ð  2kð , k  Z

smIkarGacsresr ½
log 2 2 (sin x)  log 2 (sin3 x)  log 2
2 0
log 2 2 (sin x)  3 log 2 (sin x)  2  0
2
tag t  log (sin x) eKánsmIkar t  3t  2  0
2

eday b  a  c eKTaj¦s t  1 , t  2 1 2

-cMeBa¼ t  1eKán log (sin x)  1 2

121
1
smmUl sin x 
2
 ð
 x  2kð
4
naM[ 
ð 3ð
 x  ð   2kð   2kð , k  Z
 4 4
-cMeBa¼ t  2 eKán log 2 (sin x)  2

smmUl sin x  21
 ð
 x  2kð
6
naM[ 
ð 5ð
 x  ð   2kð   2kð , k  Z
 6 6
lMhat´TI70
k¿cUrbgHajfa
1 1 2 sin x cos(2nx)
 
2  sin(2n  1)x 2  sin(2n  1)x [2  sin(2n  1)x ] [2  sin(2n  1)x ]
n
x¿KNna S    2  sin(2k cos(
n
k 1
2kx)
 
1) x 2  sin(2k  1)x 

 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿ karbgHaj
tag f(x)  2  sin(12n  1)x  2  sin(12n  1)x

122
sin(2n  1)x  sin(2n  1)x

2  sin(2n  1)x 2  sin(2n  1)x 
2 sin x cos(2nx)

2  sin(2n  1)x 2  sin(2n  1)x 
dUcen¼
1 1 2 sin x cos( 2 nx )
 
2  sin( 2 n  1) x 2  sin( 2 n  1) x [2  sin( 2 n  1) x ] [2  sin( 2 n  1) x ]

n
x¿KNna S    2  sin(2k cos(
n
k 1
2kx) 
1) x 2  sin(2k  1)x  
n
eyIgán S  2 sin1 x   2  sin(12n  1)x  2  sin(12n  1)x 
n
k 1


1 1 1 
 
 2  sin x 2  sin(2n  1)x 
2 sin x
 
1 sin(2n  1)x  sin x
 .
2 sin x 2  sin x 2  sin(2n  1) x 
sin(nx) cos(n  1) x

sin x 2  sin x (2  sin(2n  1)x)
sin(nx) cos(n  1)x
dUcen¼ Sn  .
sin x 2  sin x (2  sin(2n  1) x)

123
lMhat´TI71
 1) x
k¿cUrbgHajfa 1  tan x tan(nx)  coscos(x ncos( nx)
n
x¿KNna P   1  tan x tan(kx) .
n
k 1

dMeNa¼Rsay
 1)x
k¿bgHajfa 1  tan x tan(nx)  coscos(x ncos( nx)

eKman cos(n  1)x  cos(nx) cos x  sin(nx) sin x


naM[
cos(n  1)x cos(nx) cos x  sin(nx) sin x
cos x cos(nx)

cos(nx) cos x
 1  tan x tan(nx) Bit
cos(n  1)x
dUcen¼ 1  tan x tan(nx)  .
cos x cos(nx)

x¿KNna
n
Pn   1  tan x tan(kx)
k 1
n
 cos(k  1)x 
   cos x cos(kx) 
k 1  
1 1 cos x cos 2 x cos(n  1)x
 . . . ....
cos n x cos x cos 2 x cos 3x cos(nx)
1

cos n x cos(nx)

124
lMhat´TI72
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC  a , AC  b , AB  c
tag S CaRkLaépÞ nig R CakaMrgVg´carikeRkA
énRtIekaNen¼ .
k¿cUrRsayfa a cos A  b cos B  c cos C  2RS .
2 2 2
x¿Tajfa a cot A  b cot B  c cot C  4S .
dMeNa¼Rsay
2S
k¿Rsayfa a cos A  b cos B  c cos C 
R

B H C

tag O Cap©iténrgVg´carikeRkARtIekaN ABC ehIy


125
H CacMnuckNþalénRCug [BC] .
RkLaépÞRtIekaN ABC KW S  S  S  S OBC OCA OAB

eyIgman OB  OC  R naM[ OBC CaRtIekaNsmát


kMBUl O .
ehIy OH  BC naM[ OH CakMBs´énRtIekaN OBC
1
eyIgman S  2 BC . OH
OBC


kñúgRtIekaNEkg OBH eKman cos( BOH)  OH
OB

¦ OH  OB.cos(BOH)
1 
eKán SOBC BC . OB . cos( BOH)
2

 BOC 
eyIgman BOH   BAC  A
2
mMup©itnigmMucarikkñúgrgVg´s;at´FñÚrYm BC .
1
eKán S
OBC  a .R cos A
2
RsaydUcKñaeKán S  21 b .R cos B nig
OAC

1
SOAB  c .R cos A .
2
ehtuen¼ S  21 a.R cos A  21 b.R cos B  21 c.R cos C
126
1
S R ( a cos A  b cos B  c cos C)
2
2S
dUcen¼ a cos A  b cos B  c cos C  .
R
2 2 2
x¿Tajfa a cot A  b cot B  c cot C  4S
eyIgman a cot A  a cos
2 2A

a
sin A sin A
.a cos A  2R a cos A

2 2
dUcKñaEdr b cot B  2R a cos B nig c cot C  2R c.cos C
2 2 2
eKán a cot A  b cotB  c cotC  2R (a cos A  b cosB  c cosC)
2S
eday a cos A  b cos B  c cos C  ( sRmayxagelI )
R
2 2 2
dUcen¼ a cot A  b cot B  c cot C  4S .



127
lMhat´TI73
eKtag r nig R erogKñaCakaMrgVg´carikkñúg nigcarikeRkA
énRtIekaN ABC mYy .
r
k¿cUrRsayfa cos A  cos B  cos C  1 
R
x¿cUrRsayfa R  2 r .
dMeNa¼Rsay
r
k¿Rsayfa cos A  cos B  cos C  1  R
A BC BC
cos A  cos B  cos C  1  2 sin2  2 cos cos
2 2 2
A A BC
 1  2 sin2  2 sin cos
2 2 2
A A BC
 1  2 sin ( sin  cos )
2 2 2
A BC BC
 1  2 sin ( cos  cos )
2 2 2
A B C
 1  4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
edayeKman ½
A (p  b)(p  c)
sin 
2 bc
B (p  a)(p  c) C (p  a)(p  b)
sin  , sin 
2 ac 2 ab
128
A B C (p  a)(p  b)(p  c)
eKán sin sin sin 
2 2 2 abc

(p  a)(p  b)(p  c)
eKTaj cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4
abc
p(p  a)(p  b)(p  c) S2
 1  1
abc p S .R
p. R
4R
S p.r r
 1  1  1
p. R p.R R
r
dUcen¼ cos A  cos B  cos C  1  .
R
x¿Rsayfa R  2 r
tamvismPaBkUsIu     2  .
eKán (p  a)  (p  b)  2 (p  a)(p  b)
2p  a  b  2 (p  a)(p  c)
c  2 (p  a)(p  b)
(p  a)(p  b) 1
eKTaj  (1)
c 2
(p  b)(p  c) 1
dUcKñaEdr  (2)
a 2
(p  a)(p  c) 1
nig  (3)
b 2
KuNTMnak´TMng (1) , ( 2) , (3) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
129
(p  a)(p  b)(p  c) 1

abc 8
A B C 1
eKTaj sin sin sin 
2 2 2 8
A B C
eday cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
eKán cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 ( 81 )  23
Et cos A  cos B  cos C  1  Rr
r 3
eKTaj 1  R  2 ¦ R  2 r .


130
lMhat´Gnuvtþn_
nð n
1> eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit Un  ( 2 ) cos , n  IN *
4
(n  1) n n
k> cUrbgðajfa 2 . sin  sin  cos .
4 4 4
n 1 (n  1) n n
x> Tajbgðajfa U n  ( 2 ) sin  ( 2 ) sin .
4 4
n

K> KNnaplbUk S   U
n
k 1
k   U1  U 2  U 3  ....  U n .
U 0  0 , U 1  1
2>eK[sIVúténcMnYnBitkMnt;eday 
U n  2  2 U n 1  4 U n , n  IN
k>eKtag n  IN : Z n 1  U n 1  (1  i 3 )U n .
bgðajfa Z  (1  i 3)Z
n 1 n

x> cUrbgðajfa Z  2 (cos n3  i.sin n3 ) .


n
n

K> TajrktYtUeTA U CaGnuKmn_én n .


n

3> eKmansIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt;elI IN edayTMnak;TMng ³


n

n
U  1 nig cMeBaHRKb; n  IN : U  2U  2 cos
0 n 1 n
4
k>cUrbgðajfaeKGackMnt;cMnYnBit a nig b edIm,I[sIVút (Vn ) 131
Edl
n n
kMnt;edayTMnak;TMng U  Vn  a cos  b sinn
4 4
CasIVútFrNImaRt
x> TajrktYtUeTA U n CaGnuKmn_én n .
4> eKmansIVúténcMnYnkMupøic (Z ) kMnt;eday ³n

Z 0  2

 3i 2 3 i
Z
 n 1  Z n  , n  IN
 2 2
k> eKtag n  IN : U  Z  1 .
n n

3 i
bgðajfa U 
n 1 .U rYcTajrk U n CaGnuKmn_én n
n
2
n n n
x> RsaybBa¢ak;fa Z n  2 cos (cos  i. sin ) .
12 12 12
5- eK[sIVúténcMnYnkMupøic (Z ) kMnt;edayTMnak;TMng ³
n

1 2  i 1 i
Z  0 , Z  1 nig
0 1  n  IN : Z  Z n2 n 1  Zn
2 2
k> tag n  IN : U  Z  Z .
n n 1 n

1 i
cUrbgðajfa U 
n 1 U n
2
132
n n
x> RsaybBa¢ak;fa U n  cos  i. sin .
4 4
n

K> tag S   U  . cUrRsayfa Z n 1  Sn


n
k 0
k

rYcTajrk Z CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

6- eK[sIVút ( U n ) & (Vn ) kMnt;elI IN * eday


 1 2 n
U
 n  sin  sin  ....  sin
n2 n2 n2

V  1  2  .....  n
 n n 2 n 2 n2
1
( Vn )
k> bgðajfa CasIVútcuH ehIyRKb; n  IN* : Vn  .
2
x> eK[GnuKmn_
x2 x3
f ( x )  x  sin x , g ( x )  1   cos x , h ( x )   x   sin x
2 6
cUrbgðajfa x  IR : f (x)  0 , g(x)  0 , h(x)  0 .

3 3 3 3 4
K> epÞógpÞat;fa  n  1 :1  2  3  ...  n  n
1 1
rYcTajfa V  6 . n  U  V .
n 2 n n

133
7-eK[ (U ) CasIVútnBVnþmantY U1 , U 2 , U 3 , ........, U n
n

nigplsgrYm d  4k , k  Z .
k> cUrRsaybBa¢ak;rUbmnþ ³
nd U  Un
n Sin .Sin 1
2 2
 SinU k  SinU1  SinU 2  SinU 3  .....  SinU n  d
k 1 sin
2

nd U  Un
n Sin . Cos 1
2 2
 CosU k  CosU1  CosU2  CosU3  .....  CosUn  d
k 1 sin
2
x> Gnuvtþn_ cUrKNnaplbUkxageRkam ³
S n  sin a  sin 2a  sin 3a  .....  sin( na )
C n  cos a  cos 2a  cos 3a  ......  cos( na )
8-eKBinitüsIVút (U ) kMnt;eday ³
n

U n  2  2  2  .......  2  2 .

(n)

134

k> edayeFIVvicarütamkMenIncUrbgðajfa U n  2 cos n 1
2

x> eKman V n  2  2  2  ........  2  2


 .
(n)


cUrRsayfa Vn  2 sin
. 2 n 1
n
K> KNnalImIt lim U and lim 2 .V  .
n  
n
n  
n

9- eKmanGnuKmn_ f ( x)  sin x , x  IR
x3
k> cUrRsayfa x  f ( x)  x RKb; x  IR .
6
1 2 3 n
x> eKBinitüplbUk S  sin n  sin n  sin n  ......  sin n .
n 2 2 2 2

cUrrkkenSamGménplbUkenH .
K> cUrKNna lim S .
n  
n

10-eKmansIVút (U ) kMnt´eday
n

U 0  1

 n n
U n 1  2U n  cos 2  2 sin 2 , n  IN

k¿kMnt´BIrcMnYnBit A nig B edIm,I[sIVút (Vn )

135
n n
kMnt´edayTMnak´TMng U n  Vn  A cos  B sin
2 2
CasIVútFrNImaRt .
x¿ cUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

2 2 n n
11-eK[ S  tan x  2 tan2x  2 tan2 x  .......  2 tan2 x
n

k¿ cUrbgHaj tanè  cot è  2 cot 2è .


n 1 n 1
x¿ TajbgHajfa S  cot x  2 cot 2 x .
n

12-eK[ S  sin a  3 sin 3a  3 sin 3a  .......  3 sin 3a


n
3 3 2 3
2
n
n

33 1
k¿ cUrbgHajfa sin x  sin x  sin 3x .
4 4
n 1
3 a 1
x¿ TajbgHajfa S  4 sin 3  4 sin 3a .
n n

1 1 1 1
13-eK[ S  sin a  sin 2a  sin 2 a  .......  sin 2 a .
n 2 n

x 1
k¿ cUrbgHajfa cot 2  cot x  sin x .
a n
x¿ TajbgHajfa S  cot 2  cot 2 a .
n
2 n
14-eK[ S  cos1 a  cos4 2a  cos4 2 a  ......  cos4 2 a
n 2 2 2 2 2 n

1 4 1
k¿ cUrbgHajfa cos x  sin 2x  sin x .
2 2 2

136
4 n 1 1
x¿ TajbgHajfa Sn   .
sin2 2n 1 a sin2 a

15-eK[
2 x x 2 x n x 2 x
Sn  sinx cos  2 sin cos 2  ..........
..... 2 sin n cos n1
2 2 2 2 2
a 2
k¿ cUrbgHajfa 2 sin a  sin 2a  2 sin a cos
. 2
x 1 n
x¿ TajbgHajfa S  2 sin  sin 2 x .
n n
2 2
x x x
16-eK[ P  cos x. cos 2 .cos 2 .......... cos 2 .
n 2 n

1 sin 2 x
cUrbgHajfa Pn  n 1
. .
2 x
sin n
2
17-eK[
1 1 1 1
Pn  (1  )(1  )(1  ).....(1  )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
1 tan x
k¿ cUrbgHajfa 1  .
cos x tan x
2
x¿ KNnaplKuN Pn .
137
18-cUrRsaybBa¢k´smPaBxageRkam ½
k¿ tan(ð4  x)  11 tan
tan x
x
c¿ tan è sin 2è  2 sin è 2

x¿ tan(a  b) tan2 a  tan2 b q¿ sin3 x  cos3 x 1


  1  sin 2 x
cot(a  b) 1  tan2 a tan2 b sin x  cos x 2
sin( x  y) tan x  tan y 1  sin 2a 1  tan a
K¿ cos( 
x  y) 1  tan x tan y
C¿ cos 2a

1  tan a
2 2
X¿ sin(á  â) sin(á  â)  sin á  sin â
g¿ tan(á  â  ã)  1 tan(taná átan â  tan ã  tan á tan â tan ã
tan â  tan â tan ã  tan ã tan á)

19-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .


cUrRsaybBa¢ak´smPaBxageRkam ½
k¿ sin A  sin B  sin C  4 cos A2 cos B2 cos C2
x¿ cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin A2 sin B2 sin C2
K¿ tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C
X¿ cot A2  cot B2  cot C2  cot A2 cot B2 cot C2
2 2 2
g¿ sin A  sin B  sin C  2 sin A sin B cos C 138
2 2 2
c¿ sin A  sin B  sin C  2  2 cos A cos B cos C
2 2 2
q¿ cos A  cos B  cos C  1  2 cos A cos B cos C
C¿ sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4 sin A sin B sin C
Q¿ cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  1  4 cos A cos B cos C
2 2 2
j¿ sin A  sin B  sin C  2 sin B sin C cos A
20-cUrRsaybBa¢ak´smPaBxageRkam ½
k¿ 1  cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 6x  4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x
sin 4 x  sin 2 x
x¿ cos 4 x  cos 2 x
 tan 3x

K¿ sin x  sin 2x  sin 3x  (1  2 cos x) sin 2x


X¿ cos x  cos 2x  cos 3x  (1  2 cos x) cos 2x
21-cUrRsaybBa¢k´sMenIxageRkam ½
k¿ tan a  tanb  tan c  tan a tanb tan c  cossin(aacos bb cos  c)
c
2 2 2
x¿ sin (a  b)  sin (a  b)  2sin(a  b) sin(a  b) cos2a  sin 2a
2 2
K¿ cos a  cos b  1  cos(a  b) cos(a  b)
a  b)
X¿ tan a  tan b  cos(a2sin( b)  cos(a  b)
139
ð ð
g¿ tan x tan(
3
 x) tan(  x)  tan 3x
3

22-k¿ RsaybBa¢ak´ÉklkçN¼PaB ½
sin( x  y) sin( y  z) sin(z  x)
  0
cos x cos y cos y cos z cos z cos x

x¿ TajbgHajfa ½
sin3 (x  y) sin3 (y  z) sin3 (z  x) sin(x  y) sin(y  z) sin(z  x)
   3
cos3 x cos3 y cos3 y cos3 z cos3 z cos3 x cos2 x cos2 y cos2 z
cot 2 a  1
23-cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa cot 2a 
2 cot a
3
24-cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa sin 4x  4 sin x cos x  8 sin x cos x
4 2
nig cos 4x  8 cos x  8 cos x  1 .
25-cUrbgHajfa
2 2(tan a  x)(1  x tan a)
(1  x ) sin 2a  2 x cos 2a 
1  tan a2
.
26-RsaybBa¢ak´smPaBxageRkam ½
2
k¿ tan x  cot x 
sin 2 x
x¿ cot x  tan x  2 cot 2x
140
K¿ tan(ð4  x)  tan(ð4  x)  2 tan 2x
X¿ 1 sincosx x  tan 2x
g¿ tan(ð4  x)  tan(ð4  x)  cos22x
27-cUrsRmYlkenßamxageRkam ½
1  cos x  sin x
k¿ 1  cos x  sin x
x¿ 11  cos
cos x  sin x
x  sin x

K¿ sin12xcos sin2x4xcos sin4x6x


X¿ sinsin(x x siny)y
u  cos v
g¿ 1cos cos( u  v)

28-cUrbMElgCaplKuNénkenßam
S  cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3x  cos 4 x .

29-eK[ a nig b CamMuRsYcEdl sin a  21


nig sin b  6 4 2
cUrKNnatémøGnuKmn_rgVg´énmMu a  b nig a  b
141
rYcTajrktémøén b Car¨adüg´.
30-eK[ a CamMuRsYcEdl cos a  2 2 2 .
cUrKNna cos 2a rYcTajrktémøénmMu a Cara¨düg´ .
31-cUrbMElgplbUk
S  sin a  sin b  sin c  sin(a  b  c) CaplKuNktþa .

32-RtIekaN ABC mYyman cos B  20 29


ni g cos C 
21
29

cUrrkRbePTénRtIekaN ABC .

33-cUrkMnt´rktémøGtibrma nig Gb,brma ( ebIman )


énGnuKmn_xageRkam ½
k¿ y  3 sin x  4 cos x  7
x¿ y  5 sin x  12 cos x  17
4 4
K¿ y  sin x  cos x
142
2 2
X¿ y  3 sin x  4 sin x cos x  5 cos x  2
6 6
g¿ y  sin x  cos x
2 2
c¿ y   sin x  sin1 x    cos x  cos1 x 
2
2
2
2

2 2
q¿ y   sin x  sin1 x    cos x  cos1 x 
3
3
3
3

8 8
C¿ y  sin x  cos x
2
j¿ y  tan x  2 3 tan x  4
34-sRmYl A  2  2  2  ....  2  cos a Edl
n

ð
0a
2
.

35-eK[smIkardWeRkTIBIr
(E) : x 2  (m2  m) x  m  2  0
eKsnµtfasmIkaren¼man¦sBIrtagerogKñaeday
tan a nig tan b .
ð
k¿ cUrkMnt´témøéná¨r¨aEm¨Rt m edIm,I[ a  b 
3
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkarxagelIcMeBa¼ m Edlán 143
rkeXIj .
K¿edayeRbIlTæplxagelIcUrTajrktémøRákdén
ð
tan .
12
ð
tan
36-k¿ cUrKNnatémøRákdén 8 .
1 log 2 2 1(tan x )
x¿ cUreda¼RsaysmIkar 100  10 0
ð
37-k¿ cUrKNnatémøRákdén tan 5 .
x¿ cUreda¼RsaysmIkar
4 5
sin x  (2  ) sin2 2x  3 (5  2 5) cos4 x  0
2
ð ð
38-k¿ cUrKNnatémø®ákdén sin nig cos
10 10
x¿ cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBit x , y  IR cUrbgHajfa ½
2 2 2 2 ð2
x  ( x  y)  4( x  y ) sin
10

39-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (Un ) kMnt´eday


144
 ð
U
 0  2 cos a , 0  a 
 2
 Un1  2  Un , n  IN

edayeFVIvicartamkMenIncUrbgHajfa U  2 cos 2a . n n

2 2
40-eK[GnuKmn_ f(x, y)  (a cos x  b cos y)  (a sin x  b sin y)
2 2 2
cUrRsayfa f( x, y)  ( a  b ) .
41-k¿ cUrRsaybBa¢ak´TMnak´TMng tan x  cot x  2 cot 2x
x¿ cUrKNnaplbUkxageRkam ½
1 a 1 a 1 a
A n  tan a  tan  2 tan 2  ....  n tan n
2 2 2 2 2 2
B n  tan b  2 tan 2b  2 2 tan 2 2 b  .....  2n tan 2n b
2
42-k¿ cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa tan2x .tan x  tan2x  2 tan x
n
x¿ cUrKNnaplbUk S   21 tan 2 a tan 2 a
n
k 0
k
k 1 2 k

43-k¿ cUrRsayfa sin x  41 ( 3 sin x  sin 3x)


3

x¿ cUrKNna
1 1 1
S n  sin3 a  sin3 3a  2 sin3 32 a  ....  n sin3 3n a
3 3 3
1 4 1
44-k¿ cUrRsayfa  
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x sin 2 x

145
1 4 4n
x¿ cUrKNna Sn  2

cos a cos 2a 2
 .... 
cos 2 2 n a
1
45-k¿ cUrRsayfa sin 2 x
 cot x  cot 2 x

1 1 1 1
x¿ cUrKNna Sn   
sin a sin 2a sin 2 2 a
 .... 
sin 2 n a
x
cot
1 2
46-k¿ cUrRsayfa 1 
cos x cot x

x¿ cUrKNnaplKuN ½
1 1 1 1
Pn  (1  )(1  )(1  ).....(1  )
cos a cos 2a cos 2 2 a cos 2 n a

47-k¿ cUrRsayfa
sin(nx)  cos(n  1) x cos(nx) 
n
 n 1
 n  . cot x
cos x  cos x cos x 
x¿ cUrKNna
sin x sin 2 x sin 3x sin(nx)
Sn     .... 
cos x cos2 x cos3 x cos n x
48-k¿ cUrRsayfa
1 1
 tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)
cos(nx). cos(n  1)x sin x

x¿ KNna
1 1 1
Sn    .... 
cos x cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 3x cos(nx) cos(n  1)x
146
49-k¿ cUrRsayfa
tan(n  1)x  tan(nx)  tan x 1  tan(nx) tan(n  1)x 

x¿ KNnaplbUk
Sn  tan x tan 2 x  tan 2 x tan3x  .....  tan(nx) tan(n  1)x
1  2 cos 2 x
50-k¿ cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa 2 cos x  1
1  2 cos x

x¿ cUrKNnaplKuN ½
Pn  (2 cos a  1)(2 cos 2a  1)(2 cos 2 2 a  1).....(2 cos 2 n a  1)

51-KNnaplKuN
x x x
Pn  cos x . cos . cos 2 ......... cos n
2 2 2
52-KNnaplKuN
2 x 2 2 x 2 x
Pn  (1  tan x)(1  tan )(1  tan 2 ).........(1  tan n )
2 2 2
53-KNnaplKuN ½
a b a b a b
Pn  (cos a  cos b)(cos  cos )(cos 2  cos 2 ).....(cos n  cos n )
2 2 2 2 2 2

54-KNnaplKuN
x x x
Pn  (1  4 sin2 x)(1  4 sin2 )(1  4 sin2 2 ).....(1  4 sin2 n )
3 3 3
147
55-KNnaplKuN
x x x
Pn  (3  4 sin2 x)(3  4 sin2 )(3  4 sin2 2 )......(3  4 sin2 n )
3 3 3
56-KNnaplKuN
x 2 2 x 2 x
3  tan 3  tan 2 3  tan n
3  tan2 x 3 3 3
Pn  . . .....
1  3 tan2 x 1  3 tan2 x 1  3 tan2 x 2 x
1  3 tan n
3 3 3
tan3 x 1
57-k¿ cUrRsayfa 
1  3 tan2 x 8
( tan 3x  3 tan x)

 1 3 k 
n  k tan 3 a 
x¿ cUrKNnaplbUk Sn    3 2 k 
k0  1  3 tan 3 a
 
tan3 x 1
58-k¿ cUrRsayfa 2
 tan 2 x  tan x
1  tan x 2
 1 3 k 
n  k tan 2 a 
x¿ cUrKNnaplbUk Sn   2 2 k

k0  1  tan 2 a 
 
 

59-KNnaplKuN
n n
Pn  (tana  cota)(tan2 a  cot2 a)(tan4 a  cot4 a)......(tan2 a  cot2 a)
n 1 sin 2 n a
60-bgHajfa cos a cos 2a cos 4a.... cos 2 a n
2 sin a
.
148
61- eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (a n ) kMnt´eday
 1
 a1 
2

 3
a n  3a n 1
an 1  , n  IN
 4
k¿ cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa 0  a  1 . n

x¿ eKtag a  cos è . cUrrkRbePTénsIVút


n n ( n )

K¿ KNna è nig a CaGnuKmn_én n .


n n

3
62-eKmansIVút (b n ) kMnt´eday b0 
2
bn
nig b  1  1  4b , n  IN
n 1
n
2

k¿ eKBinitüsIVút (è ) Edl 0  è  ð2
n n , n  IN

tan èn
ehIy bn  . 2
cUrkMnt´rkRbePTénsIVút (è ) ? n

x¿ KNna è nig b CaGnuKmn_én n .


n n

ð
( t )
63-eKmansIVút n kMnt´eday t  tan 0
3
149
nig tn 1  2  4  tn2 , n  IN

k¿ cUrbgHajfa 0  t n  2 .
x¿ tag tn  2 sin èn .
cUrkMnt´rkRbePTénsIVút ( ) ? n

K¿ KNna èn nig tn CaGnuKmn_én n .


1
64-eKmansIVút u0  nig
3
un 1  un  1  un2 , n  IN
k¿ tag u  cot è Edl 0  è  ð2 , n  IN .
n n n

cUrkMnt´rkRbePTénsIVút (èn )
x¿ KNna è nig u CaGnuKmn_én n .
n n

65-eK[ (u ) CasIVútviC¢manEdl u0  2
n

2 2u n
nig u  1  u .
n 1
n

KNna un .
66-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYymanRCúg a , b , c .
150
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa cosa A  cosb B  cosc C  21 ( 1a  b1  1c )
67-eda¼RsaysmIkarxageRkam ½
k¿ cos(2x  ð3)  cos x
x¿ sin 2x  sin( ð3  x)
K¿ sin( ð4  x)  23
X¿ sin(2x  ð3)  sin(23ð  x)
g¿ tan3x  tan(x  ð4)
68-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
k¿ sin 3x  cos(x  ð6)
x¿ sin(2x  ð4)  cos( ð6  x)
K¿ tan(ð4  x)  cot( ð3  2x)
X¿ tan(ð3  2x)  tan(3x  ð6)
g¿ tan(3x  ð3 )  cot ð5
69-eda¼RsaysmIkarxageRkam ½
2
k¿ 2 sin x  3 sin x  1  0 151
2
x¿ 4 sin x  2( 2  1) sin x  2  0
K¿ 2 cos x  (1  3) cos x  23  0
2

2
X¿ tan x  (1  3) tan x  3  0
2
g¿ 3 tan x  4 tan x  3  0
70-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
2
k¿ 4 sin x  2( 3  1) sin x  3  0
2 2
x¿ 3 sin x  (1  3) sin x cos x  cos x  0
2
K¿ tan x  ( 3  1) tan x  3  0
2
X¿ 2 log cos x  3 log cos x  1  0
2 2

2
g¿ log sin x  3 log sin x  2  0
2 2

71-eda¼RsaysmIkarxageRkam ½
2 2
k¿ ( 3  1) sin x  2 3 sin x cos x  ( 3  1) cos x0

x¿ 3 cos x  sin x  2
K¿ sin x  cos x  2
X¿ cos x  3 sin x  1
152
72-eda¼RsaynwgBiPakßasmIkar m cos x  sin x  2m .
2
73-eKmansmIkar (2 cos á  1)x  2x  cos á  0
Edl 0  á  ð .
kMnt´témø á edIm,I[smIkarman¦sBIrepÞógpÞat´
1 1
  4 sin á  0 .
x' x' '

74-eK[smIkar ½
x 2  2 x sin   ( 2  3 )(1  4 cos 2 )  0 , 0    2
k¿ cUrRsayfasmIkaren¼man¦sCanic©RKb´  .
x¿ cUrrkTMnak´TMngrvag¦s x' nig x'' minGaRs&ynwg

75-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
k¿ sin x  3 sin(72ð  x)  tan x  3
x¿ 2 cot x cos x  4 cos x  1  sin1 x
2 2 2
2

2
K¿ 2 cos 2x  2 cos x sin x  cos x
X¿ sin (x  ð4)  2 sin x
3

153
g¿ tan2x  tan x tan(ð4  x) tan(x  ð4)
76-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
k¿ cos x cos 3x  sin x sin 3x  42
3 3

2
x¿ cos x(2 sin x13sin22) x 2 cos x  1  1
K¿ 4 sin(x  ð4 ) cos(x  12ð )  3  1
X¿ (1  3) tan x tan(ð3  x) tan(ð3  x)  3  1  cos1 3x 2

77-k¿ cUrKNnatémø®ákdén tan12ð nig tan 12 5ð

3 2
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar tan x  5 tan x  5 tan x  1  0
78-k¿ KNnatémø®ákdén tan ð8
2
x¿ eda¼RsaysmIkar 1  log tan x  0 . 1 2

79-eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar
 3 2 7
 sin x  3 sin x sin y 
8

 3 sin 2 x sin y  sin 3 y  5 2
 4
1
80-eda¼RsaysmIkar logsin x cos x sin x . logsin x.cos x cos x 
4
x2  x
81-eda¼RsaysmIkar 2 cos 2
 2x  2x .
6 154
82-eda¼RsaysmIkar ½
ð
a) sin3 ( x  )  2 sin x
4
cos x cos x
b)  7  4 3   7  4 3 4
( RbLgGaharUbkrN_eTArusßI éf¶ 05 emsa qñaM 2000 )
83-eK[smIkar m sin x  (m  1) cos x  cosm x
k¿ kMnt´ m edIm,I[smIkaren¼man¦s .
x¿ eKtag x , x Ca¦sBIrénsmIkarxagelI
1 2

ehIyepÞógpÞat´ x  x  ð2  kð
1 2

cUrKNna cos 2(x  x ) . ( k  Z )


1 2

84-RsaybBa¢ak´faebI
1 y  1 y
tan x  , 1 y  1 , y  0
1 y  1 y

ena¼eKán y  sin 2x .
2 2 2
85-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYyman cos A  cos B  cos C  1
cUrkMnt´RbePTénRtIekaN ABC ?
4 4
86-eKmansmPaB sina x  cosb x  a 1 b . 155
sin10 x cos10 x 1
cUrRsayfa a4

b4

(a  b) 4

87-eK[ cos a  31 , cos b  38 nig cos c  75 .


cUrRsayfa tan 2a  tan 2b  tan 2c  1 ?
2 2 2

88-eKtag a , b , c CaRCúgrbs´RtIekaN ABC


Edl tan A2 . tan B2  31 .
k¿ cUrRsayfa c  a 2 b .
3 3 3
x¿ cUrbgHajfa a  b  6abc  8c .
2
89-eK«bmafasmIkar ax  bx  c  0 man¦BIrtag
eday tan  nig tan  .
cUrKNna
M  a sin 2 (  )  b sin(  ) cos(  )  c 2 cos(  )

CaGnuKmn_énelxemKuN a ,b , c .
90-cUrbgHajfacMnYn cos 7ð Ca¦ssmIkar
3 2
8x  4 x  4 x  1  0 .

91-cUrbgHajfacMnYn cos ð9 , cos 79ð , cos 139ð 156


3
Ca¦ssmIkar 8x  6x  1  0 .
92-cUrbgHajfa sin 7ð  sin 27ð  sin 37ð   27 .
o o o 0 o o
93-cUrbgHajfa tan3 tan51 tantan57 tan63 tan69  tan9
o 0 0
94-KNnatémøénplKuN P  tan10 tan50 tan70 .
95-eK[smIkardWeRkTIBIr ½
(E) : x 2  (m  1) x  2m  3  0

k¿ kMnt´ m edIm,I[smIkaren¼man¦sBIrepßgKña .
x¿ «bmafa tan a nig tanb Ca¦srbs´smIkar (E)
kMnt´ m edIm,I[ sin(a  b)  cos(a  b) .
96-cUrKNnatémøén A  sin 7ð  sin 27ð  sin 47ð .
2 2 2

o o o
97-cUrbgHajfa tan20 tan 40 tan80  3 .
98-eK[smIkardWeRkTIbI ½
3 2
(E) : 3x  (m  3) x  (3  4 3) x  3  0 Edl

m Caá¨ra¨Em¨Rt

eK«bmafasmIkarman¦sbItagerogKñaeday
157
.
tan á , tan â , tan ã

k¿ kMnt´témø m edIm,I[ á  â  ã  34ð .


x¿ cUrkMnt´ á , â , ã Edl 0  á  â  ã  ð2
cMeBa¼témø m EdlánrkeXIj
xagelIen¼ .
2
99-eK[smIkar (E) : 3x  mx  m 3  9  0
Edl m Caá¨ra¨Em¨Rt .
eK«bmafasmIkarman¦sbItagerogKñaeday
tan  nig tan  .
sin(  ) 2 3
k¿ kMnt´témø m edIm,I[ cos(   )

3
.
x¿ cUrkMnt´  ,  Edl 0  á  â  ð2 cMeBa¼témø m

EdlánrkeXIjxagelIen¼ .
100-KNnaplbUk ½
1 x 1 x 1 x
S n  tan2 x  tan2  2 tan2 2  .........  n tan2 n
4 2 4 2 4 2

101-eK[mMubI 0 á,â,ã ð Edl áâã  .
4 158
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
k¿ sin á  sin â  sin ã  3 22
x¿ cos á  cos â  cos ã  3 22
102-eK[ n cMnYnBitviC¢man a , a , a , ......, a . 1 2 3 n

n
cMeBa¼RKb´ x , x , x ,....., x  IR RsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 2 3 n

2 2
n  n 
 k a cos x 
k    k a sin x 
k   (a1  a 2  a 3  ....  a n )2
 k 1   k 1 

103-eda¼RsaysmIkar cosn x  sinn x  1 Edl n

CacMnYnKt´FmµCati .
( 3rd IMO 1961 )
104-cUrkMnt´RKb´cemøIyBitsmIkar
2 2 2
cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3x  1 .
( 4th IMO 1962 )
ð 2ð 3ð 1
105-cUrbgHajfa cos  cos  cos 
7 7 7 2
( 5th IMO 1963 )

159
106-cUrkMnt´RKb´ x éncenøa¼ 0 , 2
EdlepÞógpÞat´
2 cos x  | 1  sin 2 x  1  sin 2 x |  2 .
( 7th IMO 1965 )

107-bgHajjfa
1 1 1 n
  .......... .  n
 cot x  cot 2 x
sin 2 x sin 4 x sin 2 x
cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnKt´FmµCati n nigRKb´cMnYnBit x
Edl sin 2 x  0 . ( 8th IMO 1966 )
n



160

Potrebbero piacerti anche