Number

of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30
carbons
Prefix Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex Hept Oct Non Dec Undec Dodec Tridec Tetradec Pentadec Eicos Triacont
Alkenes: Prefix + "-ane”
Polyatomic ions:
NH4+ ammonium
Oxidation Cations(+) Anions(-)
H3O+ hydronium
state and acids
NO3− nitrate
Lowest hypo- -ous hypo- -ite
NO2− nitrite
Some -ous -ite ClO− hypochlorite
More -ic -ate ClO2− chlorite
A lot per- -ic per- -ate ClO3− chlorate
Highest hyper- -ic hyper- -ate ClO4− perchlorate
SO32− sulfite
Hydrates SO42− sulfate
-ionic compounds that have absorbed water HSO3− hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfite)
-named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and –hydrate HCO3− hydrogen carbonate
*Example: CuSO4 · 5H2O is "copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate" (or bicarbonate)
2−
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CO3 carbonate
mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa nona deca PO43− phosphate
- - - - - - - - - - HPO42− hydrogen phosphate
H2PO4− dihydrogen phosphate
Naming acids CrO42− chromate
-If an acid forms an anion ending in ide, then its name is formed by adding the prefix hydro to Cr2O72− dichromate
the anion's name and replacing the ide with ic. Finally the word acid is added. BO33− borate
-Anions with an -ate suffix are formed when acids with an -ic suffix are dissolved AsO43− arsenate
-Anions with an -ite suffix are formed when acids with an -ous suffix are dissolved in water C2O42− oxalate
CN− cyanide
Monatomic anions: modified name is “-ide” SCN− thiocyanate
Examples: MnO4− permanganate
Cl− chloride
S2− sulfide