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    4. INTRODUCTION Coastal shrimp resources consitute impertant fisheries in countries around the Bay of Bengal generating foreign exchange and providing jobs in the fshingand ancilary ndustnes. The artisanal Spoor COTTBUS about 55% tothe total annual procucton of prawns esttnated at 13800 hy 1254, COfthe Bay of Bengal counties, Bangladesn, Burma, Malolves and Sit Lanka fall entirely vathin the regen slufled Regarding einer counties, the west past of Thallard, the west coast ot Fennsular Malaysia, the part ct Sumatra above the equator (indonesia) and theeast coast of Inciz inclucing Andaman Islands are within the region (Figue 1). Of these counties, India and uma did not panisoats in fe FACVNDP project RAS/S1/05", "Marine Fishery Recouoss Management inthe Bay of Benga’ In this paper, available intamatin an marine shrimp fisheries in varius BOB member counties has been complied, and the current state of the shrimp stocks discussed. 2. DISTRIBUTION In this study, scientiic names are basec on FAD (Holthuis, 1$60) terminology. The csiriution (of penzeic anc: nor-penaeid species acourring in the study area are presented in Tables ' ard 2 Tespectvely. In his Segregation, al those species under Supertamily Ponacodea aro seated as ppenaeids an the others ac nan-penaeics Some species which are thought to aocur in certain ayeas are also indicated. Same species mentioned under Malaysia, Thaland anc indonesia may rat navessamly be found in the study aroa, (Of neatly 70 species ot peracid shrimps listed, about 40-45 species onour off india, Malaysia anc Incenstla, 30-36 epselee oft Suma aft Sli Larva afd 20-25 speces off eangladesn and Thaland “They are vexy poly represented in the Maldives. The speciescommon to al the Seven countries ae sit: Penaeus indicus. P_ merguiensis, P. semisulcatus. P. monodon, Metapenaeus afinis and IM. istanassa, ThUse that are Cannon to &% Courtiesare ane eight: P japonicus, WM. anaaman- fensis, M. Siidulans, M brevicomis, M__manoceras, Parapenaeopsts harcwicki, Tractypenseus urwrosts and Solenocera erassioomes. On the eastem seaboard of the Bay of Bengal, of 36 species occurring in SH Lanka, all but tive ae cornmon with India. On the weston sce, out af about pene, realy 40 enpeer to be common ‘or tee or more counts, ith regard to thenon-penaeid species, of the total of neatly $0 species sted, Thalland has the Targest number, 18; n he einer counties ‘ne cccurence oF ees Wan 10 nas been eonmrmeet The rast common is Acefes indicus recardes irom al the counties, Acetus enyiraeus, Heterocarpus ioposus ana Pleciona mara are common to fiveGourtnes. CF the tenspecies trem the easrern ayo! Bengal, ccurrence of only three species as common to Doty india and Sti Lanka ras been confirmed. On the wesiem side, some eight species are comparatively more common (at least in three countres) than the otters. Nine penaeidl and 13 nan-penaeid shrimp Specs are tound on the continental sles in the Bay Cf Bengal. A ist ofthese ceep sea Shrimps i presented n Table 3. Most ofthe spedies reported ‘sopur an muddy or Sandy bottoms an ite is Kran ef the SpECES an roeky bottoms, Because rocky bottoms are generally avoided by commercial trawlers and research vessels. 3, MARINE SHRIMP FISHERIES IN THE COUNTRIES AROUND THE SAY OF BENGAL 34 INDIA 344 Fishery Sarre $601 smal irawlers exploit he coastal prawn resouroes alang the east coast of india. The mmajorty of these vessels measure about 32 veer and Nave ergnes of 20 0 &) Np. The cov-end mesh size nas heen Steady decreasing and has ached a level of 8-10 mm at present. The vessels citen operaie very cle inshore. Fishing trips last ane cay and the whole caich (ndiucing fh) (© awed! A lfforene shrimp fishery Bdsts in te upper ay of Bengal (atl the Sales of Orisa w anc West Baral) 15.25 m outigger shnmpers fish the otshare orawn rescutces. The weIe About 20 simpers 1973 whic incrEasen to about In 15%, exon mang 2y tmpa, anh lang i catches at Veakhapatnam. novadays ins of longer uration, 0-6 days are undetiaken fy same of the laigest MaWers. Al smal! an Ow value fen are discarded. The shaping Gourds along the east Coast cf ida we preserved in gue 2 inthe taconal 42°eIy, the raft used ave ka‘tumarams ard plank: buat Boas. The gears usec by eo katumarams aro ral bot soins and glnes, whitho plank bullboas vse ayo stents Ard Boat sees. A number of cther incigareus shiima fshing gers are asa used (Table 4) (One or te mact Important tching gea's in Wiest Bengal to Hed Lagret cthor eas Include souep nels, baer nets, cast net and srl aps. tisanal oars weed in Orisa ate baa! seins, Mt nets, bottom gllhets and east nets (Kurlan anc Senasien 1976 Menapava. 7930) Thete lean intensive Vag fishery nino Chika Lake, sesides, Uw shrimp cule operatons around the Chika Lake are expanding, The ponds are socked with P.monodon seed caught by SCO%p Tee mn tre Chika Lake Arter selectng these seeds, the other species are Trown back imo the water eve, ‘The shvimp shety Anca Predesn employs numerous arse gears inuoing ted bagnes (le catch Penaeus and Metapenaeus spec), very lage Dag'els 10 cach Nemalopalzemon lenuipes from August to Naverper an bare net extending aver a mle {used inthe Kakineca Bay aPC tho Godavaryestuary), Otte goae used ate boa seine, beach care without bug, ag ret, dino! far large prawns are soogp et Bamboo box Ike tan ae ses in onennass singly ory FoWs to oath prawns tem Juyy © Qcwaber (aullan and Season, 1976, Boat senes ae a popular gear in Taml Nad, The mesh size a the mouth & $9 mm and af the cena 12 mm Vien prawns ar ctiven to te shore ae a result of uoweling oF wind, beach or show seines ae deed t2 ext them Beat lay the net aut m2 Semaroe wpa! ke from the Sere an the et = pulled io tho coast using fopes. The mest sz0 at tho codend if 12 mm, Othe: gous used ao uray nets, cast nate ard net rags (Kulian and Sebastian, 1876) 3.12 Catch data Thete ap twa agorcios eximating the landings cata, ho Contal Mare Fisnerce Rosoaren ist (CMERD and the Direcioraie of Fsheries of the Concemed Stale Goverrmen.Union Tettoty (SGIUT). For te peo 1956-1968, CFF (7969) i he SOU of Inormation Ther eame|, Up 4564, ho OMFAL cata ae avalatle i Silos etal. and in Anonymous (19902 1806). The cata tom the SG/UT are sent tthe Mnety of Agreuture, Government of India (GCI), who comple the information and Gesemnate thvoush ocsasional publeaions Anonymous, 1878 & TSeba). ts lies information which is sent to FAQ headquariers and is uised for the Yearbock of Fshety sStorstes pubtsned by FAQ In tis paper, tno data as roeasea by GO) fort peviod 1876 to 1884 (Table 6) ao consceted Dung tne st ve years crs per, he producton or penaald prawns was cacitaing beween 18000 and 24000 sit shot up to 3I0E0 « in 1980 (mast probably due to overestimation of re production in West Benga) but decined thereafter toa evel of 2300 tin 4864. The landings of Fon-penaeld snes Nave ais been osclatng faher widely, Detween 300) + and 3000 x. recent production shons a1 nceasing Ward (probably cue to progressive reduction h thocod ene mesh Et) and is curtenily at 13000. The tal shina producton reystered alltime high of 40500 tir 182), dropaed Neaviy thereafter and siands a! 36000 + a present The east coast precucticn cof penasié prawns about 20%. cf he al nda ol and that of non penae svtage 15te together tmey tom ides ce me exere wlan ship. proauezon, The siate-nise production of sonacki prawn shons that in West Songal (where the estimation sae to be Ripeat fom “S79, the igus ae vadelyvarable Berween 4000 and 12000, seems amas cevan that curing the recent five years the estate procucticn has been nluted nthe ‘acre caich, The CMFaI Cala show a dlastc dacine nthe landings of penaeid prawn 2 an inerease in those of non-peneid shims. tn Oresa, there wasn increasing ond ny penaeid prawn production up to 1989 when it eached about 400 r tereatier t slanted decsang ‘with an al-tme low of fase than C00 + iy 1963, @ “Tere seems to REVE heen 2 partal eowery 1984. Regarting nor-penaee shrimps, there are records Only forthe ast two yeaKs when Over 2000 + have been landed ‘Arvong the StatesUTs on the eas! coast. Andhra. Pradesh has been recording the highest produston (excep 1584) manly due tothe large laneings of non-penaeld aningss The Vet fom Doth penned ard non-peraeld goupsras deer tutuating 20 niger Hat e end afneease Or cesreace can pe CisoBmNed. In he cabe of penae prawe the range ©. tow about 6000 +10 Troe + an in me case or non-penceld shins te orn TOON: to aboxR 7 ore or less the same sittin ova n the acjacent state of Taminadu and fy Pandicheny, “The average precucten mn Tail Nac Very close to that oF anhia Praceeh The pererid prawn produoton nes tuctuated trom 6900 10 17000 «and he non-penaeid shrimp preducton rom Soe 16 S07 ane lges lanings beny regerereD In 1964 Porcicheny isa small Union Tomrtory nhose total landings of a prawnsrstvimps ic above 1600 SThmardernan ard Neobar gloups at slaras eo rm Uni Teiary Tike ha been = SP) increase n the Landings aver the years with an anual averege oF £0 + 343 Catoh rates CCalch and effort dala since 1279 for the Kaknada-based (Andhia Pradesh) ama tawers a presented i> Tae 6 The total prawn lancangs in Kakracd nad Gecreased "rom 2265 tin 980 fa'572 rin 166s skrulaneous vith 2 deCiease in toal eto. The Overall catch rate of pron {oral types oF tawiers (9, 10 and |i m LOA) rad aiso denreased tram 81.8 kg/boavrnp to 23.6 kgboatn (Table 6), The reduction In CPUE ras teen spasmodic. tem anou 80 kj 198081 12.2 ging 1982.98 ant en wo 0g ES Ae pee by wey ote nme Jota! landings Nad also reponeely diminished from $22 in tean ia 48) In ‘886 (Ratnanandata, personal communication), 34.4 Catch composition Generalion te east cnast ne moct important penaed species are Pencevs alcus, # monodon, P-semsulcans, Moxpenaeus monoveies, Ma. dooson anid Mblevooins. Te mnpartart NOr* ponaod species incude Adetis: indicus, Nematonalaemon fenuipes, Exopalaemon styiferus ant Exnppowanat ensroane «ins eal 190) n Onsse ae Vest Gercalposlane ct venous Siting spenes 20 expotled Tor Culuie purposes. In mecarly 1970s exploratory vawing Oane or ie Rustikulya iver m Osea at * and 20 m dept ‘eveaiod that of tho 13 species of matin prawns Penaeus monodon was overaheliing) dominant (73%) followed by = ditus (13%). P mewguiensis (470). Melgpenaeus monocees (270), Seinbulcatus (1%2) ard otnor speces (72) (Monanty et al. 1373, Fao ef al. (1960) have presented tne species comonsition of the sivimp landings by traners in ‘eakinadla Tor the period 1967-79. In general up to 1978, Metaperaeus spp (nest AI cotsCr ¥_amins and ft. monnceres) dominated to the exert ot 36%. to 75%; theteaner te extent of ‘helt dominance cedex 9 4 level or 24% m 1979. Simultaneously the novperaedt SHINS Surfaced very etrongy, forming SIs {0 85%. The aulhors attibuted ths change tothe reckon vr typ cod ahd mest Sze cf tho tal, The sale of Perasus opp was eMrale, averaging about 12% of he ianaings. The pcture curing ihe subsequent year upio 1985 was more or iss similar (Table 7), presuming that tre clase ‘obrers” males to Non-penaee Sncimps, 31.5 By-catcn ‘According to Goowgo ot al (1981), the by catch of commercial shrimp tanlers of Orca consisted of cfoatets (67%) and of hreadins (22). Other cantibutors were calish, sharks and rays Information Is avaiable on the is species composition of Kakinada tased trawets. The scaerids (20%) for the major component of to by catch. Otter imporiant components ar hartals @°.) and Clugeds (8%). asie customaly in eperting ofthe by-calch, “thers form a very hgh propor- ‘ian — about 54° (Fable 8) (Rainanandata, personal cammunicaton). A compasson of tw above Information with that given by Geoige et a (196%) for 1979 for the dierent SiatesUT on the teas enact, reyeals a touch aenlarty in so arse Andhta Pradesh 'sconoemed. However, the tlatve Importance of te apectea is citfarent in te other atens in Oren, the SCklenes are cerainant follovied by treading and catiares. in Tarai Nadu. tre panyanes form the Dule followed! by the seserid, nd in Pondionetry me perates and ponytates are the main components @) 21.6 Stock assessment “The stancing stave of Sivas on wiact Bengal pas been eavimated 32 TOD 9 1000 ¢ an an ten Zeck kt 20 8 Gept" 75 rs Suan, 1377 Applicaton at Senaeters production made to tcatoh ana ettor ot smal wales at 170 oentes ‘Seder coecponding effrt values o 000) sre 22000 boat cays reupectvey Cas et a 1980, Accerng othe later auho's. Ho fl to progucton model was poste forthe Maks Wa orhe pets 1370 S0 kecauce ira anton aes mete iNeang vith ator Powewl. it wes Sao Ribsanleniy tettiw catan cleat Sid he Sats Sat ne Gated sae (ete aa tal. (1960) porte cut that ance 1977 there was e conzdetabe: reaueton tn he Wesh ize at he ced end Counied wiih seniicant Reresae yw see. The extra Oressure an we champ seek theta tenucton ny oa0.ond fresh sae va nor tered te tstng aor vak, non Mee teed rhe ausesomena "Ihe shrimp restrain ine Kakines Wegion ee alas! eoeiny breexponed ‘Apart ftom the abowe ta avalon salstes do not alow proper stock assessment fr the easier Sates of nda The tadiienal han mecnanseaiching SesO! 2 ooAnerNeE Ade tos advo MPAOt on te cates and eainincs dhe to be Inceazed art'y of moletized oust on the ore hard ae ‘he groin operatons er hese Laat n cha iter naterson t= other ae prawn ers the target Speer ofoetn me motaised aed the ner-marariees sees te shimp Tezauroes sre st ‘on overeplone in vals eng aitae. In additon, te ayeage mesh Sze In the oad-end ot Trants dsvetsed sharpy ‘ung the senor foil ct the seventies.‘ wen fed to nage oF Mage Sniosris of sat antinp rotuding jae penaes ard uk non pened svenp apenas Te tig? anat much ase? has teen tended ar messy to prevent smal! sau SReeRpS IN hhavpenaeids) Worn Ging tat so We tenery (Pao et al, 1350) ‘ihe management of SMP 9008S In India Is QUES to COR to a Ride LANG? at cbJeO- es "rereasing frometion, massing eonamie turn, herearang employment Ge Ska ef), (1984 nave dscussed the avalable Optons for management ard OBseNeG as folows Enoreng larger msn zea might not uo partclary neipul as adults of resizes non-penaee Ships might hot te los to fhe febery. Mosh sa fegulabon weuls, however. be Neceeeaty estualne areas were largo Mumbers of jvenies are raw caught LUmriatonsen ishing efor mrougna ioenaing ays, caren quotas ard resuicvons on menumber txiching hous ay Nep resret cashes to pital vets Dhesiteaton essing tetas da SStran tdatons notld abo rep. packaje'ct nantes and Sasaes Mgt be QUTENtS ASME Nuaary areas are best protected by 2 taal pan an faring. is, however, doubt whether ach An erelvenion 1s pasatlism inean éonditons, Mesoures ate posstbe would elude feat cers {ora tole bary oh the operate of aod gearo anc emalimech nets in nase'y stece. Banning the oxmor et smo win ooants below Some ied rian cove ats be We) et mamte one Goeet o esiene ne tow eaves ase 5 any ete a wae 2S Se ta ia nts ne rte eco ts pe: = Sonal nor et Seg nore = Sitges won tad wratoetts ea n ene ht ion ates range var@ wens be aed ened He oF Ss Se Eee eae — steps must ve taken to prevert lrge-soae domeste an INDUStEl events trom feactiNg o “The states of Tar Nadu and Orissa have enacted a Marine Fishing Regulaton Aot 1 rezone

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